04/12/2015

:00:00. > :00:10.I'm Victoria Derbyshire, welcome to our programme This morning:

:00:11. > :00:13.Why are self-styled Islamic State so rich?

:00:14. > :00:33.I see the Tories taking money from towns like Oldham, I am sick to

:00:34. > :00:39.death of it. I am shifting from being a council leader to becoming

:00:40. > :00:42.an MP because for Oldham to do well, we need a Labour government.

:00:43. > :00:44.Labour have comfortably won the Oldham West by-election,

:00:45. > :00:53.A massive increase in postal vote. Somebody is harvesting them. Why do

:00:54. > :00:59.we have postal vote in on this scale at all? We had it for the elderly,

:01:00. > :01:03.infirm and people working overseas, now blocks of communities are signed

:01:04. > :01:05.up to postal voting. In many ways, you could see the results are over

:01:06. > :01:09.before the contest has begun. We'll get reaction from a member

:01:10. > :01:12.of Jeremy Corbyn's Shadow Cabinet. And sugar, sugar, sugar -

:01:13. > :01:14.all this week we've been looking at different ways of reducing the

:01:15. > :01:17.amount we eat to help cut obesity. Today we look

:01:18. > :01:19.at supermarket multibuy offers - are there too many deals on sweets,

:01:20. > :01:31.fizzy drinks and junk foods? 40% of the food we buy in

:01:32. > :01:35.supermarkets, like the one behind me, is discounted or on promotion in

:01:36. > :01:39.some way. That has risen dramatically in the last five or ten

:01:40. > :01:42.years, and the proportion bought on discount is double the amount bought

:01:43. > :01:47.in other countries like France and Germany.

:01:48. > :01:55.We're on BBC 2 and the BBC News Channel until 11 this morning.

:01:56. > :01:59.Throughout the programme we'll bring you up to

:02:00. > :02:01.date with the latest breaking news and developing stories.

:02:02. > :02:03.Plus "A victory for common sense" is how campaigners are describing

:02:04. > :02:05.the Government's decision to scrap controversial charges imposed

:02:06. > :02:07.on convicted criminals by courts in England and Wales.

:02:08. > :02:10.It's an issue we've covered quite a bit on the programme

:02:11. > :02:18.As always keen to hear from you on all the stories we're covering

:02:19. > :02:22.We're going to start the programme today by talking

:02:23. > :02:24.about how self-styled Islamic State makes its money.

:02:25. > :02:30.It raises millions of dollars every single month.

:02:31. > :02:33.Which is why oil fields controlled by the fighters have been

:02:34. > :02:38.the main target of UK strikes in Syria so far.

:02:39. > :02:40.The hope is that by destroying some of them it will

:02:41. > :02:44.be harder for IS to raise money to pay their fighters and buy weapons.

:02:45. > :02:46.So how has this terrorist organisation already managed

:02:47. > :04:11.Some people sold pieces worth up to $1000.

:04:12. > :04:13.Some people sold pieces worth up to $1 million.

:04:14. > :05:23.Let's talk now to Benjamin Bahney from the RAND Corporation,

:05:24. > :05:26.which has carried out research into IS funding,

:05:27. > :05:29.and Dr Andreas Krieg who works at Kings College, London and is also an

:05:30. > :05:45.Thank you both for talking to us. Benjamin, how to IS get the oil out

:05:46. > :05:50.of Iraq and Syria, who is buying it? Typically, IS sells oil at the

:05:51. > :05:56.wellhead to local truckers, who up until recently have you lining up at

:05:57. > :06:01.the oilfields to take the oil and trucks and take it off for sale

:06:02. > :06:05.further on down the line. We know that in some cases they have taken

:06:06. > :06:12.it to local refineries, into Kurdistan and Turkey, for the most

:06:13. > :06:17.part. They have sold some oil to the Assad regime as well. For the most

:06:18. > :06:23.part, it kind of stays locally within the surrounding countries.

:06:24. > :06:28.These oil traders are taking it outside of the ices territories. It

:06:29. > :06:36.is distributed and sold on by middlemen? The Assad regime, buying

:06:37. > :06:42.oil from IS, strikes me as bizarre? It is, but it goes deeper. They are

:06:43. > :06:49.also co-managing a whole host of gas plant is as well. The Assad

:06:50. > :06:54.regime's electrical infrastructure largely relies on gas refineries in

:06:55. > :07:01.ices territory. Not only is it selling the Assad regime oil, they

:07:02. > :07:05.are managing the Assad regime's gas infrastructure that is keeping the

:07:06. > :07:11.lights on. Even though they are fighting each other on the ground in

:07:12. > :07:17.Syria? Doctor Andreas Greig, oil has been reducing as a revenue stream.

:07:18. > :07:28.What about the money they make collecting taxes for the services

:07:29. > :07:34.they provide, a quasi-state? -- Andreas Krieg. The mistake people

:07:35. > :07:38.make is looking at them as a terrorist organisation, primarily

:07:39. > :07:41.they are an insurgency group, which means they are governing areas. They

:07:42. > :07:46.have been raising more and more taxes over the past year, they have

:07:47. > :07:52.lots of public services that they had to provide an playful, they have

:07:53. > :07:56.been raising more and more taxes. The extortion money that they get

:07:57. > :08:01.from taxes, brides, checkpoints many, anybody who wants to do any

:08:02. > :08:05.business in the Islamic State, anybody who wants to pass through

:08:06. > :08:09.the Islamic State, has to pay money. That has been raised in the

:08:10. > :08:18.billions, we estimate that last year they probably raised $1 billion

:08:19. > :08:23.worth of taxes and extortion money. Probably 50% of their revenue is

:08:24. > :08:26.extortion. As long as people stay within the Islamic State, living

:08:27. > :08:33.there and paying taxes, this revenue stream will not be able to be

:08:34. > :08:38.targeted by anybody. Interestingly, when IS took Mosul, for example, as

:08:39. > :08:41.we explained in the film, that generated a lot of money and they

:08:42. > :08:49.lowered taxes for the people living in the area? That is part of the

:08:50. > :08:53.insurgency strategy. They have learned from Al-Qaeda and other

:08:54. > :08:57.terrorist organisations, they know that winning hearts and minds is

:08:58. > :09:02.key. This is key for as if we want to fight the insurgency. They have

:09:03. > :09:07.basically seized almost $800 million with the seizure of Mosul, they use

:09:08. > :09:11.that to reinvest it into infrastructure and public services,

:09:12. > :09:15.cutting taxes, providing free food and someone and so forth to win over

:09:16. > :09:23.the Iraqi population and the Syrian population. Benjamin, according to

:09:24. > :09:31.your organisation, IS's total revenue rose from just under $1

:09:32. > :09:35.million per month in late 2008, two between $1 million and $3 million

:09:36. > :09:43.per day in 2014. That is just extraordinary? It really is. I think

:09:44. > :09:49.the way you explain that is that Isis has been able to exploit

:09:50. > :09:52.fissures within the Iraqi and Syrian societies which has allowed them to

:09:53. > :09:59.grow tremendously. What has given them the ability to grow is a robust

:10:00. > :10:02.organisation. They have an organisational model that they have

:10:03. > :10:05.really deployed and spread out across the different territories

:10:06. > :10:11.they are written which has really given them the backbone to grow

:10:12. > :10:20.their state. It has allowed them to collect taxes, to regulate commerce

:10:21. > :10:25.and the practices of individuals within those areas. They have grown

:10:26. > :10:31.quite a bit. They have had a lot of military success. They have had a

:10:32. > :10:36.huge opening with the Syrian civil war which occurred. It is no

:10:37. > :10:39.surprise to me that they are increasing their revenue as well.

:10:40. > :10:44.But as the other speakers said they have had to increase spending. They

:10:45. > :10:50.have had the order they few thousand individuals in the group, now it is

:10:51. > :10:53.potentially up to 100,000. They are providing some public services as

:10:54. > :11:01.well. I would characterise it as being less public services than what

:11:02. > :11:08.they do, really, just providing for internal members of the

:11:09. > :11:13.organisation. Can I ask you both, Benjamin Furst, about something I

:11:14. > :11:18.read about on a regular basis, donations from wealthy individuals

:11:19. > :11:24.in Saudi Arabia? I have never really seen much evidence that, in

:11:25. > :11:28.particular, Saudi donations make up any significant part of Isis'

:11:29. > :11:31.revenue. We have been following them for about ten years and we have

:11:32. > :11:36.never seen that foreign donations as a whole, ever mined from a

:11:37. > :11:41.particular country, have added up to any significant part of their

:11:42. > :11:45.revenue picture. We can't discount that donations from places like

:11:46. > :11:50.Saudi Arabia are happening, they are happening from other countries as

:11:51. > :11:55.well. But I don't see it as being a particularly meaningful part of

:11:56. > :12:01.their overall finances. Dr Andreas Krieg, do you agree? Absolutely. It

:12:02. > :12:06.is not a terrorist organisation. Al-Qaeda used to get a lot of

:12:07. > :12:09.funding from private donors. Al-Qaeda in Iraq probably received

:12:10. > :12:14.money from private donors in the early stages, but as Benjamin

:12:15. > :12:20.rightly said, it is insignificant in the grand scheme of things. What are

:12:21. > :12:27.the best ways to cut off the funding of IS? Andreas? Like I said, this is

:12:28. > :12:32.an insurgency problem, initially people were trying, there was an

:12:33. > :12:39.initiative together with the Gulf countries to clamp down on foreign

:12:40. > :12:44.donations to Isis. This is not very significant. Looking at this

:12:45. > :12:49.insurgency, we need to see that the centre of gravity for Isis, the

:12:50. > :13:00.so-called Islamic State, is the civilian population. We need to

:13:01. > :13:02.somehow divorce the civilian population, they support them

:13:03. > :13:10.pragmatically, rather than ideological E, because it is the

:13:11. > :13:14.Damascus regime in one place and the Baghdad regime in another. If we can

:13:15. > :13:19.make them turn their back on Islamic State and stop paying taxes, it

:13:20. > :13:22.would be a major step forward. We need to develop a sociopolitical

:13:23. > :13:28.alternative to the Islamic State for people to seek refuge. This is

:13:29. > :13:33.something militarily but also financially which would undermine

:13:34. > :13:37.the stability of Islamic State. Destroying the refineries, there

:13:38. > :13:42.will always be people who will sell oil one way all the other to the

:13:43. > :13:50.Turks, the Kurds or the Assad regime. People want to make money.

:13:51. > :13:53.The Islamic State has undersold the oil under the market price, which

:13:54. > :13:59.has now become a bit more difficult because the oil price is down

:14:00. > :14:04.anyway. I was in Kurdistan last year and I was speaking to the Peshmerga

:14:05. > :14:09.forces, the Kurdish forces, they say that even people under their watch,

:14:10. > :14:12.more or less, were allowing money from the Islamic State to be sold on

:14:13. > :14:19.their territory because it is so cheap and people want to make money.

:14:20. > :14:24.The solution, Benjamin? I think I will disagree with Andreas to a

:14:25. > :14:28.certain extent. I think there are important population centric aspects

:14:29. > :14:31.of the problem but, for the most part, people under the rule of Isis

:14:32. > :14:37.are not particularly happy with their situation, not particularly

:14:38. > :14:41.happy with Isis. They may not also be happy with some of the potential

:14:42. > :14:49.alternatives like the Assad regime or, in Iraq, the Iraqi government.

:14:50. > :14:55.What I think, by and large, people are happy with Isis, things are

:14:56. > :15:00.going well. What we have seen in the course of the last year is that

:15:01. > :15:04.Isis' provision of services has really fallen off, the support of

:15:05. > :15:10.the local populations has fallen off, Isis is bringing people into

:15:11. > :15:14.the territories and not allowing people to exit. With regards to

:15:15. > :15:22.clamping down on the revenue, I think it will be age are lynched to

:15:23. > :15:26.clamp down on the extortion. In order to really clamped down on that

:15:27. > :15:30.you need to take the territory away from them, take away their ability

:15:31. > :15:37.to really have a monopoly of force in their areas. That is a military

:15:38. > :15:41.issue, it will have to be done where local forces on the ground, the

:15:42. > :15:51.Kurds, local Syrian forces, potentially the Free Syrian Army and

:15:52. > :15:59.Iraqi security forces. Another important aspect that we are doing

:16:00. > :16:05.as a coalition is going after Isis's oil fields. The only choke

:16:06. > :16:11.point I see in the system are the well heads. There are two oil fields

:16:12. > :16:15.in eastern Syria that make up the majority of the crude oil production

:16:16. > :16:21.in Isis Territories. If we can make it clear that they are not going to

:16:22. > :16:25.be allowed to leave those areas, that the air campaign will take away

:16:26. > :16:31.their ability to move oil away from there it is possible that we can

:16:32. > :16:35.restrict the ability of Isis to move oil. Which can potentially put a

:16:36. > :16:43.serious crimp on their oil revenue. That is something we seem to be

:16:44. > :16:47.doing now. One quick question from a viewers, why does the coalition not

:16:48. > :16:51.block the bank accounts with the money is held, are billions of

:16:52. > :16:59.dollars held in the conventional bank accounts, albeit under

:17:00. > :17:05.pseudonyms? Both. A lot of cash flow is going on. Some of the assets that

:17:06. > :17:08.they seized in Mosul were in gold bullion, or in foreign cash

:17:09. > :17:13.reserves. So the money isn't just being held in conventional bank

:17:14. > :17:17.accounts. And then they use pseudonyms. In Turkey for instance

:17:18. > :17:21.the border doesn't really exist in some parts between the Islamic State

:17:22. > :17:26.and Turkey because people can move freely across the borders and bring

:17:27. > :17:30.cash outside the country and open a bank account outside the country. So

:17:31. > :17:34.there are unconventional means. Some of the governments in the region and

:17:35. > :17:40.Turkey really have to clamp down on this kind of transport activity.

:17:41. > :17:54.Really interesting, thank you both of you. Benjamin Barnett, from the

:17:55. > :17:56.Rand Corporation and Dr Andreas Krieg.

:17:57. > :17:59.Are supermarket promotions adding to the obesity crisis?

:18:00. > :18:02.As part of our series on sugar we ask why there are

:18:03. > :18:05.so many cut-price deals on stuff that can make you fat.

:18:06. > :18:07.Also we'll get reaction to the news that a controversial court

:18:08. > :18:10.charge - which led to magistrate resignations - has been scrapped.

:18:11. > :18:14.It is a story we have covered several times on the programme in

:18:15. > :18:17.the last few months. Labour have comfortably won

:18:18. > :18:22.the Oldham West and Royton by-election, holding the seat with

:18:23. > :18:25.a majority of just under 11,000. Labour leader Jeremy Corbyn has

:18:26. > :18:27.hailed the result as a vote The UK Independence Party came

:18:28. > :18:34.second but its leader Nigel Farage A candlelit vigil has taken place

:18:35. > :18:43.at the scene of a mass shooting Fourteen people died when a married

:18:44. > :18:49.couple opened fire on public health workers in San Bernardino

:18:50. > :18:54.during a Christmas party. US officials have revealed

:18:55. > :18:56.the duo were in contact Russia has criticised Britain's

:18:57. > :18:59.decision to launch air strikes on so-called Islamic State targets

:19:00. > :19:02.in Syria, claiming it won't further The Russian Foreign Minister,

:19:03. > :19:11.Sergei Lavrov, suggested that the United Nations resolution

:19:12. > :19:13.which Britain is operating under, Meanwhile, the Syrian Information

:19:14. > :19:29.Minister said the raids are merely Rail fares will rise back up to 1.1%

:19:30. > :19:31.in January. They raised delivery group says it is the smallest price

:19:32. > :19:33.increase for six years. Regulated fares, which cover most

:19:34. > :19:36.commuter season tickets, can't rise by more than 1% as the Government

:19:37. > :19:44.has linked them to inflation. Yet and regulated fares can be

:19:45. > :19:50.increased at the discretion of the train companies.

:19:51. > :19:55.There are reports 16 people have been killed in a

:19:56. > :20:00.security officials confirmed the attack at a night club

:20:01. > :20:03.There are reports a disgruntled former employee may be

:20:04. > :20:08.Sales of Volkswagen cars fell by almost 20% last month - in the wake

:20:09. > :20:12.Figures from the Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders showed

:20:13. > :20:14.nearly 13,000 new Volkswagen branded vehicles were registered in November

:20:15. > :20:17.- that's down almost 20% from the same month in 2014.

:20:18. > :20:21.More on that story before ten o'clock.

:20:22. > :20:24.Mount Etna has erupted for the first time in two years.

:20:25. > :20:27.The volcano on the Italian island of Sicily sent a plume of fire and

:20:28. > :20:32.The eruption caused the closure of the nearest airport on the Italian

:20:33. > :20:38.mainland and left several villages covered in a thick layer of ash.

:20:39. > :20:46.Now with the sports News, here is Jess. A lot of sports stories

:20:47. > :20:50.around. The big news is in cycling as the two time Tour de France

:20:51. > :20:54.winner Chris Froome has released a blood and power data to prove that

:20:55. > :20:58.he is a keen athlete. There had been suspicions about him because of his

:20:59. > :21:03.results in the last couple of years. It came to a head at the Tour de

:21:04. > :21:06.France in July where fans spat at him and threw you ring at him

:21:07. > :21:10.because they was as bishops of his results come he is the first British

:21:11. > :21:14.site list to win the Tour de France twice, in 2013 and this year. He

:21:15. > :21:19.says that he hasn't broken the rules, hasn't cheated and hasn't

:21:20. > :21:23.taken any secret substance is not known of yet. He says his results

:21:24. > :21:27.may be down to losing weight as especially during the race this

:21:28. > :21:34.year. He also says it is not about physicality alone, this board is

:21:35. > :21:37.also about mental endurance, going through the pain threshold and being

:21:38. > :21:41.able to sustain it longer than your opponents. More about that from

:21:42. > :21:44.Richard Moore of Esquire magazine who has interviewed Chris Froome and

:21:45. > :21:50.found out more about what these test results mean, that will be after

:21:51. > :21:53.10am. Johanna Konta, the British and one, has been the latest to

:21:54. > :21:58.criticise the lawn tennis Association, she had her funding cut

:21:59. > :22:02.last year which she says jeopardised her career. This comes just after

:22:03. > :22:05.Andy Murray the wooden Batu criticised the RTA for not doing

:22:06. > :22:11.enough to maintain the future of the sport. And finally, the astronaut

:22:12. > :22:15.Tim Peake will run from London Marathon in April in space! I could

:22:16. > :22:23.wait to tell you more about that. I can't wait either, that could be

:22:24. > :22:27.true! Thank you for your comments on the funding of Isis, who is

:22:28. > :22:31.supplying them with weapons and why have these people not been targeted,

:22:32. > :22:36.asks one viewer. Someone else says that by bombing oil sites we are

:22:37. > :22:45.attacking the infrastructure yet we are causing damage and only stopping

:22:46. > :22:48.a small party of their financing. Someone as points out that they are

:22:49. > :22:54.using the banking system, why can't we stop but being used. A message on

:22:55. > :22:59.Twitter says that with all the technology we have, the control is

:23:00. > :23:03.on law-abiding people. One text says it is not just about how they are

:23:04. > :23:07.raising money, it is how they are spending it, who is giving them

:23:08. > :23:10.ammunition. And others say, how about sanctions, we have seen

:23:11. > :23:12.sanctions bringing countries like Iran to their knees.

:23:13. > :23:14.This week on the programme we're looking at

:23:15. > :23:16.the best ways of reducing our sugar content and tackling childhood

:23:17. > :23:19.obesity, a problem which could soon cost us more than smoking, war,

:23:20. > :23:23.The typical British family saves around ?600 a year

:23:24. > :23:30.Two for one, multi-buy, buy one, get one free -

:23:31. > :23:32.they're a big part of our weekly shop.

:23:33. > :23:35.But doctors and some politicians now think the way some food is

:23:36. > :23:39.They'd like to see voluntary restrictions on deals for sweets,

:23:40. > :23:45.If that doesn't work, then there is now the threat

:23:46. > :23:54.of legislation to force supermarkets to act, as Jim Reed reports.

:23:55. > :23:56.One medical condition will soon cost us more than smoking, war,

:23:57. > :24:11.The country's most senior doctor has warned that overweight is fast

:24:12. > :24:28.becoming the norm in British society.

:24:29. > :24:30.So, the question, for the government, the doctors,

:24:31. > :24:34.the food industry and for us - how do we start to tackle what many

:24:35. > :24:37.think is the biggest threat to public health in the 21st-century?

:24:38. > :24:41.A decade ago it was unheard of for children to develop Type 2 diabetes.

:24:42. > :24:45.Now there are more than 500 people in the UK living with

:24:46. > :24:53.Last year her doctor told her that she was on the verge

:24:54. > :24:59.of developing the chronic illness strongly linked to obesity.

:25:00. > :25:02.Was there a moment for you when you realised you had got to

:25:03. > :25:08.When the doctor said to me, you've got to sort yourself out,

:25:09. > :25:13.It's difficult to take that on, but then I was like, I've had

:25:14. > :25:21.The feeling it leaves you with after,

:25:22. > :25:25.It's like your body is trying to purge the

:25:26. > :25:38.horrible stuff out of you and you feel really disgusting afterwards.

:25:39. > :25:41.Here's a couple of photos of me before and during the run.

:25:42. > :25:43.So, this year, Ellie has started running, tried to change her diet,

:25:44. > :25:50.She's the first to accept she still has a way to go, but looking back,

:25:51. > :25:52.she says she feels like a different person.

:25:53. > :25:57.I didn't want to end up being that person who is 20 stone.

:25:58. > :26:00.In a nearby cafe, she sips a cup of tea.

:26:01. > :26:03.A couple of years ago, Ellie says she got caught in a spiral of

:26:04. > :26:09.Suddenly, she was starting to put on weight.

:26:10. > :26:13.I was drinking a lot of fizzy drinks, that's for sure.

:26:14. > :26:23.It's buy two for so much money, and then you have both Cokes, and it

:26:24. > :26:27.won't be that you leave one for one week and one for the next, you

:26:28. > :26:33.And you weren't thinking I'm going to have the diet version?

:26:34. > :26:39.So this idea that you buy one get one free,

:26:40. > :26:43.In your mind it doesn't work like that?

:26:44. > :26:47.It would be like the chocolate bars, buy two for ?1 or whatever.

:26:48. > :26:50.I could never just leave one bar behind.

:26:51. > :26:54.It can sometimes feel that supermarkets get the blame

:26:55. > :27:06.From destroying town centres to ripping off farmers.

:27:07. > :27:08.Now politicians are starting to worry that cheap deals

:27:09. > :27:10.like this are one factor behind obesity and ill-health.

:27:11. > :27:12.Here's an interesting shopping fact for you.

:27:13. > :27:14.40% of the food we buy in supermarkets, like

:27:15. > :27:17.the one behind me, is now discounted or on promotion in some way.

:27:18. > :27:20.That number has risen dramatically in the last five or ten years.

:27:21. > :27:27.The proportion bought on discounts is now double

:27:28. > :27:29.the amount bought in other countries like France and Germany.

:27:30. > :27:31.On one hand, this is saving us all money.

:27:32. > :27:33.Research commissioned by Public Health England found that

:27:34. > :27:36.a typical household would spend an extra ?630 per year

:27:37. > :27:40.if all the food bought on offer was instead bought at full price.

:27:41. > :27:47.First, supermarket deals are more likely to be high in sugar.

:27:48. > :27:50.And those offers are more deeply discounted.

:27:51. > :27:54.Put simply, we might be getting a cheap deal,

:27:55. > :28:01.Preston in Lancashire has all four of the giant supermarkets.

:28:02. > :28:04.Students usually have an eye for a bargain, so we gave small teams

:28:05. > :28:07.?20 each and strict instructions to buy as many sugary treats

:28:08. > :28:20.A month before Christmas, it wasn't hard to find cut-price deals.

:28:21. > :28:24.Back in the university canteen, and here are the results

:28:25. > :28:33.These were ?2 each, these chocolate bars.

:28:34. > :28:40.We're not pretending this was scientific, but it gives you

:28:41. > :28:42.an idea of the scale of discounting ahead of Christmas.

:28:43. > :28:47.Research shows that promotions like this don't just make products

:28:48. > :28:49.cheaper, they encourage us to buy more.

:28:50. > :28:53.22% of all food and drink bought on offer is extra stuff we wouldn't

:28:54. > :29:00.So, now MPs on the Health Select Committee want to do

:29:01. > :29:03.They are backing restrictions, not just on cut-price sugary products,

:29:04. > :29:09.We know things like deep discounting make

:29:10. > :29:17.And they tend to all be on the unhealthiest products.

:29:18. > :29:24.None of the big four supermarkets would speak to us on camera.

:29:25. > :29:27.All said they had a wide range of deals on all types of food,

:29:28. > :29:31.Tesco said it was the first major retailer to remove

:29:32. > :29:40.Asda said it has cut the sugar in its own-label drinks by a third.

:29:41. > :29:42.Sainsbury's said it has a policy of never charging more

:29:43. > :29:46.And Morrisons said it has more than 50 deals this week alone

:29:47. > :29:51.But one of their smaller rivals was prepared to talk on camera.

:29:52. > :29:53.Iceland is big in frozen food and has been moving

:29:54. > :29:57.I think supermarkets do have to do more.

:29:58. > :30:00.I don't agree that the vast majority of promotions are

:30:01. > :30:08.I think if you go and look over the last three weeks

:30:09. > :30:11.you'll have seen that across the industry there has been a big price

:30:12. > :30:15.I think that the public in general don't notice that.

:30:16. > :30:21.And the media in general don't pick up on that.

:30:22. > :30:23.So, yesterday, in Iceland near me, a chocolate orange was less than

:30:24. > :30:26.Four litre bottles of Coke were two for ?5.

:30:27. > :30:28.Chocolate biscuits, 50% free on most chocolate biscuits.

:30:29. > :30:31.It's now the time of year when there's an awful lot of sugary

:30:32. > :30:33.stuff on offer, not just in Iceland but other supermarkets as well.

:30:34. > :30:35.And you are absolutely right, it's that time of year.

:30:36. > :30:38.You could have gone into any of the supermarkets out there,

:30:39. > :30:41.and at the front of the store you would see the same thing.

:30:42. > :30:43.Look, we have to cater for what our customers want.

:30:44. > :30:48.We have to make sure our customers are seeing what they want at this

:30:49. > :30:51.time of year, so they can give their guests and families what they want.

:30:52. > :30:55.But at the same time, we are making it easier for them to

:30:56. > :30:58.Of course, banning those cut-price deals on sweets or junk

:30:59. > :31:03.We all like a bargain, and any new law to restrict that is

:31:04. > :31:05.I feel more confident, fitter, lighter.

:31:06. > :31:08.For Ellie, it's more about personal choice.

:31:09. > :31:11.She comes here every week to run, is trying to lose more weight,

:31:12. > :31:14.and wants to slowly work up to a half marathon.

:31:15. > :31:16.Because it's not worth going through all that struggle,

:31:17. > :31:21.and all that discomfort for a bottle of Coke, or a hot chocolate.

:31:22. > :31:29.There's more to life than sweets and sugary stuff, there definitely is.

:31:30. > :31:31.By the way, we donated all of the left over food

:31:32. > :31:47.Thank you for getting a dirge. One of you on Facebook says, I don't

:31:48. > :31:51.understand why the customer is always penalised, not the companies

:31:52. > :31:54.producing or selling the products, they should take responsibility and

:31:55. > :31:59.be penalised. Another message on Facebook, I think

:32:00. > :32:02.these buy one get one off offers are to blame for a large amount of the

:32:03. > :32:07.obesity problem. Supermarkets encourage people to buy bulk, by two

:32:08. > :32:11.get one free, they multi-park offers. By trying to save money the

:32:12. > :32:16.consumer is buying more, eating more and probably wasting more.

:32:17. > :32:20.Ellie on Facebook says we have become a very consuming society,

:32:21. > :32:25.Yazidi or something they are good. After working in detail you discover

:32:26. > :32:29.these deals are not as good value as you think they are or not worth the

:32:30. > :32:34.extra eating and weight gain -- Yazidi deals you think they are

:32:35. > :32:38.good. Craig says you can buy three chocolate bars for a quid or five

:32:39. > :32:41.apples, it is personal choice. Carroll says the manufacturer should

:32:42. > :32:45.be held responsible for the amount of sugar in product is. It seems

:32:46. > :32:52.things are being made sweeter in the war to win sales, not just sweet and

:32:53. > :32:55.fizzy drinks, but even savoury foods have more sugar in them at the

:32:56. > :33:01.manufacturers were forced to reduce the salt content. There should be a

:33:02. > :33:07.cap on the amount of sugar per gram. Another person says that they

:33:08. > :33:11.work on the soft rings industry and they can purchase soft drinks for a

:33:12. > :33:13.fraction of the retail cost. Me and my family are not obese in any way,

:33:14. > :33:15.we choose what we eat. A little later

:33:16. > :33:17.in the programme we'll look at whether hard hitting advertising

:33:18. > :33:20.campaigns can help cut obesity. And we'll ask the food

:33:21. > :33:21.and drink representatives if they're doing enough to cut sugar

:33:22. > :33:24.content in our food. You can watch all of Jim's films

:33:25. > :33:35.on our programme page Still to come, falling car sales for

:33:36. > :33:39.VW in the wake of the cheating emissions scandal, we will look at

:33:40. > :33:47.how the, any factual and now compares to its rivals. -- how the

:33:48. > :33:48.manufacturer now compared is. Labour have comfortably won

:33:49. > :33:50.their first by-election with I declared that Jim McMahon is a

:33:51. > :34:11.member of Parliament. Well, thank you to the people

:34:12. > :34:13.of Oldham West and Royton. Genuinely, the result is

:34:14. > :34:15.quite staggering, I think. I never imagined that I would be

:34:16. > :34:18.standing here as an MP for the town that I live in, that I

:34:19. > :34:22.love, and that I have fought hard to When your neighbours and friends

:34:23. > :34:27.come out and support you on this The Oldham West

:34:28. > :34:38.and Royton victory is a surprise for some - because pretty much every

:34:39. > :34:40.newspaper predicted Labour would struggle to hold the seat and might

:34:41. > :34:46.it by just a few hundred votes. In fact they increased the share

:34:47. > :34:52.of the vote compared to Jeremy Corbyn says it's a

:34:53. > :34:56."vote of confidence" for the party. But Ukip leader Nigel Farage is

:34:57. > :34:58.blaming what he calls A massive increase in the number

:34:59. > :35:01.of postal votes yesterday. So, somebody was out there

:35:02. > :35:03.harvesting the postal votes. But there is a bigger question -

:35:04. > :35:06.why do we have postal voting We used to have it

:35:07. > :35:10.for people who were elderly, infirm, Now we have whole blocks

:35:11. > :35:14.of communities signed up to postal In many ways, you could say these

:35:15. > :35:19.by-election results are over I've said this

:35:20. > :35:26.at every single by-election Yeah, but you said it

:35:27. > :35:29.every time you've lost. You used it as an excuse in

:35:30. > :35:33.South Thanet, and they said they I didn't mention it in South Thanet

:35:34. > :35:37.at all. I'm talking particularly

:35:38. > :35:38.about by-elections. Don't forget we had a Tower Hamlets,

:35:39. > :35:41.we've had Birmingham, we've had, repeatedly, evidence of fraud

:35:42. > :35:45.within the postal voting system. I think British democracy

:35:46. > :35:49.should be clean. Let's talk now to senior Labour

:35:50. > :36:07.MP Owen Smith, who is the Shadow Mr Smith, is there evidence of

:36:08. > :36:12.corruption? Not that I am aware of, I think it is complete sour grapes

:36:13. > :36:17.from Nigel Farage. I don't member him moaning about postal votes when

:36:18. > :36:21.they won the by-election. Labour won a stonking great victory in Oldham,

:36:22. > :36:25.Jim McMahon is a great guy and I think the people of Oldham responded

:36:26. > :36:30.to him and, quite clearly, to the Labour Party. Nobody was talking

:36:31. > :36:34.about is winning and 11,000 majority, increasing our share of

:36:35. > :36:40.the vote by 8%, the Tories down 10%, you could bumping along the bottom.

:36:41. > :36:45.Nigel Farage needs to lose a little better. What about the complaints

:36:46. > :36:49.that people were turning up with bundles of postal votes? If there is

:36:50. > :36:54.any evidence of fraud, really whoever has the evidence should

:36:55. > :36:56.report it to the police for investigation, that is pretty

:36:57. > :37:02.standard practice. Some of the stuff I have heard from Nigel, I think he

:37:03. > :37:06.needs to get over himself. He Ross Barkley, Labour won, he needs to

:37:07. > :37:13.accept that and move on -- he lost badly. You will remember the Tower

:37:14. > :37:16.Hamlets mayoral election where the Metropolitan Police Service. The

:37:17. > :37:21.harvesting of postal vote in the East London borough, and the proper

:37:22. > :37:26.distribution of election literature. Your candidate had to stand down.

:37:27. > :37:30.But why on earth should anybody suggest until they have provided

:37:31. > :37:35.some evidence or said they are going to report this to the police,

:37:36. > :37:39.anybody drawing any connection between this brilliant win in Oldham

:37:40. > :37:42.and what happened in Tower Hamlets. I hear Nigel Farage is morning

:37:43. > :37:47.talking about people who couldn't speak English, I thought there was a

:37:48. > :37:51.slight whiff of racism. I am sure he did not intended but it came across

:37:52. > :37:56.in that way. He needs to look hard at himself and accept that Labour

:37:57. > :38:01.won with a message about working people's interests, their concerns

:38:02. > :38:05.in Oldham. We fought on the tax credits issue, where Labour won a

:38:06. > :38:08.brilliant victory from the Government, turning round a decision

:38:09. > :38:12.which would have taken millions of pounds away from millions of people.

:38:13. > :38:17.They buried that in the Autumn Statement and moved swiftly on to

:38:18. > :38:22.Syria. The people of Oldham clearly clocked it and saw what the Tories

:38:23. > :38:28.were trying to do, that is why they lost 10% of the vote and Labour went

:38:29. > :38:32.up almost 10%. It is racism rather than alleged corruption? I thought,

:38:33. > :38:36.listening to Nigel Farage this morning using phrases like whole

:38:37. > :38:39.streets were people couldn't speak English, implying that people were

:38:40. > :38:43.voting for Labour without understanding who the Labour Party

:38:44. > :38:48.were, I thought there was a hint of racism in what he seems to be

:38:49. > :38:52.implying. I think that would be deeply unfortunate, in fact,

:38:53. > :38:55.reprehensible, if that is what he was implying, he needs to answer for

:38:56. > :38:58.that will stop you know it has been hard for Jeremy

:38:59. > :39:05.Corbyn, your leader in the last couple of weeks, she kill, writing

:39:06. > :39:10.to the party to confirm his position against air strikes, offering a free

:39:11. > :39:14.vote, a divided party on display in the Commons on Wednesday. Is there a

:39:15. > :39:24.question between Labour MPs in the House of Commons and Labour voters

:39:25. > :39:29.in places like golden? No, I think we are all Labour, we are Labour

:39:30. > :39:37.representatives. -- in places like Oldham. We saw a tortured Labour

:39:38. > :39:39.Party and a tortured country on Wednesday, thinking incredibly

:39:40. > :39:44.deeply and seriously about the most important decision we can make as

:39:45. > :39:48.MPs, whether we send our country into combat with its inevitable

:39:49. > :39:51.consequences. I think the Labour Party was a reflection of the

:39:52. > :39:55.country this week in being conflicted about that decision. I

:39:56. > :39:58.don't think there was anything wrong with that, I think we have handled

:39:59. > :40:03.it well and I think Jeremy did the right thing in allowing the free

:40:04. > :40:09.vote. Can I ask you about bullying in your party of those who voted for

:40:10. > :40:14.air strikes, is enough being done to clamp down on it? No doubt, we need

:40:15. > :40:19.to do more. I heard Tom Watson saying this morning that we need to

:40:20. > :40:23.think about a renewed, reinvigorated code of conduct, I agree. I think

:40:24. > :40:29.anybody who is found guilty of making some of these dreadful threat

:40:30. > :40:32.made against some MPs who voted absolutely in good conscience and

:40:33. > :40:37.good face for what they thought was the best thing to do in order to try

:40:38. > :40:40.to secure a lasting peace in Syria, I disagreed with him, I voted

:40:41. > :40:45.against the air strikes being extended to Syria, but I don't doubt

:40:46. > :40:50.for a minute that my colleagues who voted differently did so with the

:40:51. > :40:54.best possible intentions. And anybody threatening them or their

:40:55. > :40:59.staff, as we have seen in London with a great MP, Stella Creasy,

:41:00. > :41:04.needs to be, in my view, if they are in the Labour Party, drummed out of

:41:05. > :41:07.the party. We need to make sure that we behaved absolutely with respect

:41:08. > :41:11.and tolerance towards one another. We are the Labour Party, for

:41:12. > :41:14.goodness sake, we had to be in the vanguard of standing up for free

:41:15. > :41:21.speech and tolerance. Let me read you some comment from people

:41:22. > :41:25.watching you around the country. Ali on Facebook, certainly a rejection

:41:26. > :41:30.of Ukip and then divisive policies. Terry says it would be hard to find

:41:31. > :41:33.a downside for Mr Corbyn and Labour, an increased share of the vote on a

:41:34. > :41:37.reasonable turnout for a by-election. Mr Farage seem to be

:41:38. > :41:42.playing the race card and attacking postal voting. Don't you could

:41:43. > :41:46.voters vote by post? Aaron on Facebook says I find that often the

:41:47. > :41:49.local politician sways my vote rather than the national politics of

:41:50. > :41:54.the party leader. All very comp entry. Matt on Facebook, 23,000

:41:55. > :42:03.turned out to vote for the previous MP. Only 17,004 Jim McMahon. Where

:42:04. > :42:11.did the other Labour supporters go? -- only 17,000 four Jim McMahon.

:42:12. > :42:14.By-election is always have a low turnout, there has not been won in

:42:15. > :42:19.recent memory whether turnout goes up. And it was lashing down with

:42:20. > :42:24.rain and horrible for a lot of yesterday. It was a great result for

:42:25. > :42:30.Labour, for us to get an increased share of the vote, 62%. Some of the

:42:31. > :42:36.commentators were talking about a commentary of perhaps 2000, others

:42:37. > :42:41.suggested that Labour might lose. With the majority of 11,000 they

:42:42. > :42:44.were proved wrong, Jeremy Corbyn and Jim McMahon had great support in

:42:45. > :42:48.Oldham, we should take heart from this that if we speak up for working

:42:49. > :42:52.people, their concerns on tax credits and everything, Labour can

:42:53. > :42:59.win with Jeremy Corbyn and go on to victory. Winning a general election

:43:00. > :43:03.in 2020? That is what I will fight for. We have seen massive cuts and

:43:04. > :43:07.all sorts of sneaky things being done by the Chancellor in the

:43:08. > :43:11.Budget, working people, whether pensioners or young people, will

:43:12. > :43:15.lose out under this Government, we need a Labour Government to stand up

:43:16. > :43:19.for them. Would you put your mortgage and Jeremy Corbyn being the

:43:20. > :43:26.leader of Labour in the run-up to the 2020 general election. That is

:43:27. > :43:30.an unfair question, why -- my wife never forgives me if I put a bet on,

:43:31. > :43:36.especially on politics. But I will be standing behind Jeremy, I want

:43:37. > :43:37.Labour to win, whoever is our leader. The Shadow Secretary for

:43:38. > :43:40.Work and Pensions. we're expecting to hear from labour

:43:41. > :43:43.leader Jeremy Corbyn and the new Labour MP for Oldham West and Royton

:43:44. > :43:53.- we'll bring you that live. Still to come: Mourners gathered in

:43:54. > :43:58.a candlelit vigil for the victims of the California shooting. President

:43:59. > :44:00.Obama said it could be a terrorist attack. We will hear from the local

:44:01. > :44:08.community what it has been like. Alex has the weather.

:44:09. > :44:16.Some wet weather across parts of India first of all before the windy

:44:17. > :44:18.weather across the UK this weekend. We have seen incredible scenes in

:44:19. > :44:21.Chennai, it has been battered by rains for the last couple of months.

:44:22. > :44:27.It is the wet season, but even for the wet season incredible amount of

:44:28. > :44:33.water have fallen from the skies. We will continue to see wet weather for

:44:34. > :44:37.the next few days. A suburb of Chennai has received 490 millimetres

:44:38. > :44:40.of rain in just one day. Places like Oxford, London and Norwich would

:44:41. > :44:45.only receive about 600 millimetres of rain per year. Not far off

:44:46. > :44:50.year's worth of rain for the UK falling here. Tens of thousands have

:44:51. > :44:55.been affected by the downpours, all from the north-easterly monsoon.

:44:56. > :44:58.Chennai has turned drier, the main problems will be a little bit

:44:59. > :45:01.further south across India, the rain is continuing through the weekend,

:45:02. > :45:09.the wet weather may push back towards Chennai, formerly known as

:45:10. > :45:14.madras, early next week. Further risk of flooding across the south of

:45:15. > :45:16.India over the next few days. Close to home, problems with snow

:45:17. > :45:21.last night across parts of south-east Scotland, heavy snow

:45:22. > :45:26.falling chewing the evening rush hour. The system responsible for

:45:27. > :45:29.that has moved away, bringing some potentially for Byland winds across

:45:30. > :45:33.Scandinavia. We are more concerned with this area of low pressure

:45:34. > :45:39.colour look at the isobars increasing. The winds are steadily

:45:40. > :45:45.picking up. Actually, not causing too many problems at the moment and

:45:46. > :45:49.foremost it is a good day, dry and bright for most with scattered

:45:50. > :45:53.showers. The weather system is bringing wet weather to the far

:45:54. > :45:56.north-west. For much of eastern England after dull and mild weather

:45:57. > :46:01.for most of the week, it looks brighter. A little cooler, but not

:46:02. > :46:06.cold, temperatures widely other. -- over double figures. Try and bright

:46:07. > :46:11.across much of northern England and Wales, the sunshine will turn hazy

:46:12. > :46:15.as the cloud increases. There is the cloud, turning things soggy across

:46:16. > :46:20.western Scotland. The winds will really get going through the

:46:21. > :46:24.evening. Really picking up in the far north-west. It is still mild but

:46:25. > :46:29.it will feel colder as the winds gather pace, particularly lively

:46:30. > :46:33.across the Northwest this evening. Guests in the western isles of 60,

:46:34. > :46:39.70 and possibly 80 mph in exposed areas. Even inland, we could see 40,

:46:40. > :46:43.50 and maybe 60 mph gusts this evening and overnight. There that in

:46:44. > :47:25.mind if you are travelling, those winds could cause problems and the

:47:26. > :47:29.rain will not be helping. The rain will move south, a much brighter

:47:30. > :47:33.day. In Scotland and Northern Ireland, the winds will ease

:47:34. > :47:35.although still quite gusty and the far north. Plenty

:47:36. > :47:41.although still quite gusty and the warnings in force and flood warnings

:47:42. > :47:45.also being updated on our website. Through this weekend.

:47:46. > :47:47.It's just after 10 o'clock, it's Friday, I'm Victoria Derbyshire,

:47:48. > :47:56.Labour celebrates a strong win in the Oldham by-election although the

:47:57. > :48:00.Ukip leader Nigel Farage claims that the process was corrupt.

:48:01. > :48:02.A massive increase in the number of postal votes yesterday.

:48:03. > :48:04.So, somebody was out there harvesting the postal votes.

:48:05. > :48:07.But there is a bigger question - why do we have postal voting

:48:08. > :48:11.We used to have it for people who were elderly, infirm,

:48:12. > :48:15.Now we have whole blocks of communities signed up to postal

:48:16. > :48:18.In many ways, you could say these by-election results are over

:48:19. > :48:28.I think it's complete sour grapes from Nigel Farage. He needs to get

:48:29. > :48:33.used to losing. I don't remember him moaning about postal votes when they

:48:34. > :48:37.won the by-election. I think that the truth is that Labour won a

:48:38. > :48:54.stonking great victory in Oldham. President Obama says that terrorism

:48:55. > :48:58.may have been behind the attack in California. It was carnage, when we

:48:59. > :49:02.arrived on the scene, the number of people already dead and the panic on

:49:03. > :49:08.the face of those individuals still in need, needing to be safe. Also do

:49:09. > :49:12.we need shock campaigns to help to reduce the amount of sugar that

:49:13. > :49:20.weird? The latest in our series of special reports. The news.

:49:21. > :49:27.Labour have comfortably won the Oldham West and Royton by-election -

:49:28. > :49:30.holding the seat with a majority of just under 11,000.

:49:31. > :49:32.Labour leader Jeremy Corbyn has hailed the result as a 'vote

:49:33. > :49:36.The UK Independence Party came second - but leader Nigel Farage

:49:37. > :49:39.has blamed the loss on what he described as 'bent' postal votes.

:49:40. > :49:42.A candlelit vigil has taken place at the scene of a mass shooting

:49:43. > :49:45.Fourteen people died when a married couple opened fired on public health

:49:46. > :49:47.workers in San Bernardino during a Christmas party.

:49:48. > :49:50.US officials have revealed the pair were in contact with

:49:51. > :49:53.Russia has criticised Britain's decision to launch air strikes

:49:54. > :49:55.on so-called Islamic State targets in Syria, claiming it won't further

:49:56. > :50:01.The Russian Foreign Minister, Sergei Lavrov, suggested the

:50:02. > :50:03.United Nations resolution which Britain is operating under,

:50:04. > :50:12.Meanwhile the Syrian Information Minister said the raids are merely

:50:13. > :50:19.Rail fares will rise by up to 1.1% from January.

:50:20. > :50:22.The industry body, the Rail Delivery Group, says it is the smallest price

:50:23. > :50:29.Regulated fares, including season tickets, are capped at no more than

:50:30. > :50:31.1%, but unregulated fares, like off-peak, leisure

:50:32. > :50:34.tickets, can be increased at the discretion of the train companies.

:50:35. > :50:36.Sixteen people have been killed in a Molotov attack

:50:37. > :50:47.Petrol bombs are said to have been thrown at the building,

:50:48. > :50:50.There are reports a disgruntled former employee may be

:50:51. > :50:53.Mount Etna has erupted for the first time in two years.

:50:54. > :50:56.The volcano on the Italian island of Sicily sent a plume of fire

:50:57. > :51:00.The eruption caused the closure of the nearest airport on the Italian

:51:01. > :51:06.mainland and left several villages covered in a thick layer of ash.

:51:07. > :51:15.Those are the main news stories, notice board with jazz. But's two

:51:16. > :51:18.time Tour de France winner Chris Froome has released his performance

:51:19. > :51:22.data in an attempt to prove he is a clean writer. Fans were spitting at

:51:23. > :51:27.him and throwing you ring at him at the Tour de France in July over

:51:28. > :51:31.suspicions over his results. He has spoken to Richard Moore of Esquire

:51:32. > :51:36.magazine about the data and hopes it will satisfy the doubters. If you

:51:37. > :51:40.look at the evidence, frankly there is no evidence that he is dirty. The

:51:41. > :51:45.only evidence is that he is very good and that he wins the Tour de

:51:46. > :51:50.France. If you compare that with say, Lance Armstrong, from the

:51:51. > :51:54.start, there was a lot of accumulating evidence. Not everyone

:51:55. > :51:59.paid attention to it at the time but if you go back now there was

:52:00. > :52:06.evidence from 1999 onwards. Chris Froome has been at the top since

:52:07. > :52:13.September 2011, July 2012. There's no evidence that he is taking dope.

:52:14. > :52:18.So I think it is very important for journalists to be evidence -based,

:52:19. > :52:25.we can never be 100% sure that an athlete is clean but I don't think

:52:26. > :52:30.someone's own team mates can be sure that their team mate is clean but as

:52:31. > :52:33.sure as you can be, I say, there is no evidence that Chris Froome is

:52:34. > :52:39.doping and that is an important thing to bear in mind. Benchmark the

:52:40. > :52:44.lawn tennis Association has come in for criticism this week, first from

:52:45. > :52:47.Andy Murray who said the RTA must do more to bring to the next generation

:52:48. > :52:51.of British players. The latest comments are from Johanna Konta who

:52:52. > :52:58.feels the RTA jeopardised her career when they cut funding. She says a

:52:59. > :53:03.recent rise in the rankings is due to family and friends. If anyone's

:53:04. > :53:07.career and dreams are jeopardised and think that is ever a healthy

:53:08. > :53:12.position to be in. The success followed after that because of the

:53:13. > :53:16.people around me. My coaches made a decision to stick with me and

:53:17. > :53:21.continue our work and they sheltered me from a lot of the issues that

:53:22. > :53:26.were going on, with my family. If I had not had my support system,

:53:27. > :53:31.nothing would have happened. Remember Tim Peake. You might not

:53:32. > :53:36.know him now but I'm sure he will be famous in a few months' time. His

:53:37. > :53:39.mission to the International Space Station will launch in a couple of

:53:40. > :53:43.weeks and amazingly he will be running the London Marathon in

:53:44. > :53:46.space. He'll be on a treadmill watching the video of the course on

:53:47. > :53:50.the big screen and he will begin the race at the same time as the

:53:51. > :53:55.competitors on earth. There is no gravity in space so to combat that

:53:56. > :54:00.he will wear a harness which will provide the downforce needed to keep

:54:01. > :54:04.him on the treadmill. The thing I'm most looking forward to about

:54:05. > :54:08.running the London Marathon in space is being able to interact with

:54:09. > :54:12.everyone down on Earth. So I will be running it on the iPad and watching

:54:13. > :54:16.myself running through the streets of London while orbiting the Earth

:54:17. > :54:22.at 400 kilometres above the surface and going at 200 kilometres an

:54:23. > :54:29.hour, a unique perspective to run the London Marathon from. Good luck

:54:30. > :54:32.to everyone. Can he actually run the London Marathon if he is not in

:54:33. > :54:39.London to run it! That's all the sport for now. Thank you.

:54:40. > :54:43.we're on BBC 2 and the BBC News Channel until 11 this morning,

:54:44. > :54:53.Let me read some comments from you about sugar. They are here, promise!

:54:54. > :54:58.Karen, via e-mail, says there is no problem with multi-buying because it

:54:59. > :55:02.is our choice. France and Germany to consume only half the amount that we

:55:03. > :55:07.eat so if we eat too much we must take consequences. Another view

:55:08. > :55:11.tweets that will power is not part of this debate. James on Twitter

:55:12. > :55:14.says two-for-one is a customer choice and people should stop

:55:15. > :55:19.looking for someone to blame, Stuart says that he loves a deal although

:55:20. > :55:23.you are what you eat and supermarkets are not to blame

:55:24. > :55:27.because apples can be priced at 89p for five apples. Thank you. We will

:55:28. > :55:31.look at whether shock advertising campaigns could reduce the amount of

:55:32. > :55:36.sugar that we eat. Do get in touch about all the subjects that we are

:55:37. > :55:41.talking about today. Jeremy Corbyn will be visiting Oldham soon, in the

:55:42. > :55:44.next half-hour, we hear, to celebrate Labour winning the

:55:45. > :55:48.by-election. The winning candidate had a majority of just and 11

:55:49. > :55:55.person. Ukip came second and Nigel Farage is claiming that it's due to

:55:56. > :55:58.bent postal votes and the way the election was run. The northern

:55:59. > :56:03.correspondence of the Guardian wrote last week that she knocked on doors

:56:04. > :56:07.in Oldham when nobody spoke English, nobody had ever heard of Jeremy

:56:08. > :56:12.Corbyn, yet they were all voting Labour. So there's a large ethnic

:56:13. > :56:17.vote in our cities and vote Labour. In one box last might it was 99%

:56:18. > :56:24.Labour and the electoral process is almost dead in this area is isn't it

:56:25. > :56:29.a democracy? He has a vote, people have postal votes. Never in history

:56:30. > :56:34.have we seen a box and 99% of people in the community vote for one party.

:56:35. > :56:40.You wouldn't be complaining if 99% of the votes with the Ukip. Normally

:56:41. > :56:45.it couldn't happen. What I am saying is that mass immigration, the change

:56:46. > :56:54.to the demographic in Britain is fundamentally changing politics.

:56:55. > :57:00.Owen Smith, in the Shadow Cabinet, criticised Nigel Farage's comments

:57:01. > :57:02.earlier. Talking about streets where people couldn't speak English and

:57:03. > :57:07.implying that people were voting Labour without knowing who Labour

:57:08. > :57:10.were, I thought there was a hint of racism in what Michael implied. That

:57:11. > :57:15.would be deeply unfortunate coming in fact reprehensible, if that is

:57:16. > :57:21.what he implied that in what Nigel implied. I think he needs to answer

:57:22. > :57:28.that. We can speak to our grasp and in Oldham. Any shred of evidence of

:57:29. > :57:34.alleged corruption? What Ukip say is that they have seen some of the

:57:35. > :57:40.ballot boxes contained 97% of votes in those boxes were a labour, that's

:57:41. > :57:43.almost like an old-style eastern European dictatorship result. That

:57:44. > :57:48.is what they say that they have seen. That's rather different from

:57:49. > :57:52.the evidence. The only shred of doubt is that the Electoral

:57:53. > :57:57.Commission said that Oldham was one of 16 areas that he thought was at

:57:58. > :58:01.risk of electoral fraud. Labour say that if there's a shred of evidence

:58:02. > :58:04.from Nigel Farage or anyone in Ukip they should report that to the

:58:05. > :58:09.police because electoral fraud a criminal offence. It should be

:58:10. > :58:14.reported directly to the police and so far, as far as we are aware, Ukip

:58:15. > :58:19.have not done so. So apart from the large number of postal votes they

:58:20. > :58:25.have given us no concrete evidence to substantiate their claims. Some

:58:26. > :58:29.of our viewers have come at it, those people carrying postal votes,

:58:30. > :58:34.did they have Royal Mail written on their high viz vest by any chance?

:58:35. > :58:38.Another viewer says why should be sour grapes when a concern is

:58:39. > :58:43.raised, it's a reasonable question. Why are there so many postal votes.

:58:44. > :58:47.In terms of the size of the victory, I have read what you have read in

:58:48. > :58:50.the past couple of weeks, websites and newspapers all predicting that

:58:51. > :58:58.it would be very, very the Labour Party to win this by-election. It

:58:59. > :59:01.has been a stranger for predictions! Some people predicted hung

:59:02. > :59:04.parliament, and now they were suggesting that the Labour Party

:59:05. > :59:11.might even be in danger of losing this seat. Some people might say

:59:12. > :59:14.that shows you how out of touch the Westminster bubble is. Nigel Farage

:59:15. > :59:20.had his own theory about why the Labour majority was so high, just

:59:21. > :59:24.under 11,000, which increased its share of the vote on the general

:59:25. > :59:30.election. There are some other theories, this area has a high

:59:31. > :59:34.ethnic minority population, so some people were quite attracted to

:59:35. > :59:38.Jeremy Corbyn and his opposition to air strikes in the Middle East for

:59:39. > :59:43.example. I have spoken to Labour MPs who have been canvassing here. They

:59:44. > :59:47.thought they'd get a relatively bad result, but between us, some of them

:59:48. > :59:52.were hoping for that because they thought it would put pressure on

:59:53. > :59:55.Jeremy Corbyn, who they see as an electoral liability. No surprise

:59:56. > :00:00.that in the next half-hour or so, she will be here, you can see some

:00:01. > :00:04.Labour activists gathering with placards, he wasn't here much during

:00:05. > :00:10.this by-election, it was very much seen as a local fight by the local

:00:11. > :00:13.council leader, Jim McMahon, who won for the Labour Party. Jeremy Corbyn

:00:14. > :00:30.is coming here to claim the credit for this and he will call it a vote

:00:31. > :00:32.of confidence. Padraig. More messages, Steve has tweeted, you

:00:33. > :00:35.can't take Oldham away from Jeremy Corbyn, it was a vote of confidence

:00:36. > :00:36.in his leadership and Paul says, please lay off the postal votes

:00:37. > :00:43.scam, it is sour grapes from Ukip! German MPs are discussing

:00:44. > :00:45.whether to send 1,200 soldiers to support the international coalition

:00:46. > :00:47.fighting against self-styled A special session

:00:48. > :00:50.of their parliament was called after the German Chancellor Angela

:00:51. > :00:52.Merkel's cabinet approved They won't engage in combat

:00:53. > :00:58.but will play a support role to So how will they fit in with the RAF

:00:59. > :01:03.jets bombing targets in Iraq What's

:01:04. > :01:05.the military strategy to defeat IS? Let's talk to

:01:06. > :01:17.Rear Admiral Chris Parry, who spent more than three decades in

:01:18. > :01:20.the Navy worked for the Ministry of In the studio is Dr Jill Russell,

:01:21. > :01:31.from the war studies department Good morning. Rear Admiral Chris

:01:32. > :01:35.Parry, welcome to the programme. A couple of newspapers are reporting

:01:36. > :01:39.today that military officials want the Government against claiming

:01:40. > :01:45.there were 70,000 Modric Syrian fighters ready to help eradicate IS,

:01:46. > :01:50.does that sound credible? Not in the least. I can't identify where the

:01:51. > :01:53.70,000 fighters are coming from. It is like saying there are 180

:01:54. > :02:00.Manchester United supporters somewhere in south London. The

:02:01. > :02:02.Government probably put a finger in the air, made a calculation and

:02:03. > :02:07.thought that would be about the right number. Why would the

:02:08. > :02:12.Government ignore the military men and women who potentially would know

:02:13. > :02:18.was on the Government about the fight is on the ground? You would

:02:19. > :02:22.have to ask the politicians. In my experience, military advice is not

:02:23. > :02:27.always taken by politicians, who have different agendas. Dr Jill

:02:28. > :02:33.Russell, what is coalition strategy on defeating IS? I think it is a bit

:02:34. > :02:37.early to expect that there is a full on strategy. It will have to be a

:02:38. > :02:43.strategy decided amongst all the parties that are going to sign on. I

:02:44. > :02:49.think there is a broad sense that the first thing they will do is just

:02:50. > :02:56.had some military action that proves the political intent of the Western

:02:57. > :03:00.powers to act in Syria right now, and then as the governments get

:03:01. > :03:08.together, the military 's to talk about it, they will sort out what

:03:09. > :03:13.will he the best strategy and the tactics following from that. It is

:03:14. > :03:16.worth remembering, for example, and it will be December eight on

:03:17. > :03:20.Tuesday, that on December eight on Tuesday, that on December the Allies

:03:21. > :03:26.did not know full well what their strategy was going to be to defeat

:03:27. > :03:28.Germany in Japan -- and Japan. The most important thing was the

:03:29. > :03:33.political development which brought the item states into the war allying

:03:34. > :03:37.them with United Kingdom which ultimately led to the alliance with

:03:38. > :03:41.the so free at union, those are the most important bits, the political

:03:42. > :03:46.bets, to get lined up -- the alliance with the Soviet Union. It

:03:47. > :03:50.is what are your strengths, what are your weaknesses, how can your

:03:51. > :03:55.strengths be best played against the side that you are fighting. The

:03:56. > :04:03.strategy does not need to be known right now. It will probably be a

:04:04. > :04:09.part military, there will also be economic bets, there will be

:04:10. > :04:17.political narrative parts that will be important. I saw on the cover of

:04:18. > :04:21.one of the tabloids this morning that two women RAF pilots were

:04:22. > :04:28.highlighted as participating in the air strikes, I think lots of these

:04:29. > :04:31.sort of... Some of the cultural parts that will be important is the

:04:32. > :04:37.Western ethos, things that Hilary Benn talked about in his comments.

:04:38. > :04:42.Chris Parry, how would you describe the coalition strategy? In a

:04:43. > :04:45.sentence, making it up as they go along. There are so many different

:04:46. > :04:51.agendas and so much confusion of objectives in the area right now, it

:04:52. > :04:55.is quite right, we have to see the political situation settle down

:04:56. > :05:00.before you can apply the military forces in any coherent way. What is

:05:01. > :05:04.quite clear is that, up until now, benighted state has simply been

:05:05. > :05:09.containing Islamic State, there has been precious little effort expended

:05:10. > :05:14.on destroying its capability. We have to move very quickly to

:05:15. > :05:19.destroying it, to grading has happened but I would not say that

:05:20. > :05:22.the effort has been enthusiastic and energetic until this point. Michael

:05:23. > :05:27.Fallon told the BBC that the campaign will not be quick, I am

:05:28. > :05:32.sorry that this is an annoying question journalists ask, how long

:05:33. > :05:37.would you expect it to last? It takes as long as it takes, it

:05:38. > :05:41.depends on the resources applied. If we were looking at this totally

:05:42. > :05:46.objectively and is regarding the public and political appetite for

:05:47. > :05:51.military intervention, this would be a full ground air action with ground

:05:52. > :05:55.troops, at craft and unmanned vehicles, Islamic State could be

:05:56. > :05:59.finished off within six months, I would suggest. -- aircraft and

:06:00. > :06:04.unmanned vehicles. But the coalition is going for the air campaign, none

:06:05. > :06:08.of its own soldiers on the ground. We could still be doing this in

:06:09. > :06:15.three years if that is what we are doing. Dr Jill Russell, everybody

:06:16. > :06:20.seems to agree that it will not be a military solution in the end, that

:06:21. > :06:23.is part of it, would you agree? It will certainly not be a military

:06:24. > :06:31.solution that resolves the problems in the Middle East that we have seen

:06:32. > :06:37.in the last several years. It will be a good percentage of military

:06:38. > :06:44.solution to dealing with ice is in its state form, at the very least.

:06:45. > :06:48.-- with Isis. You see that a lot going on in Iraq is attacking lines

:06:49. > :06:52.of communication and their ability to supply themselves in Mosul, I

:06:53. > :06:57.think you will start to see more of that in Raqqa. Equal as they have

:06:58. > :07:00.planted themselves on a piece of land, there are certain military

:07:01. > :07:05.capabilities that can be wrote to bed to degrade their ability to

:07:06. > :07:13.govern where they are. -- that can be brought to bear. Their ability to

:07:14. > :07:18.hold the geography that they have taken could be degraded quite

:07:19. > :07:23.quickly. That does not eliminate, however, the problem of Isis in the

:07:24. > :07:30.region, but they could be moved out of those areas. You could see

:07:31. > :07:34.cascading changes. Chris Parry, you said that the strategy of the

:07:35. > :07:38.coalition was making it up as they go along, this might be another

:07:39. > :07:42.annoying question... I think we have lost you. We have. We will never

:07:43. > :07:45.hear my final annoying question. Thank you for coming on the

:07:46. > :07:50.programme, apologies for the technical problems. Thanks to Chris

:07:51. > :07:53.Parry and Jill Russell. A candlelit vigil has been held

:07:54. > :07:55.in the Californian city of San Bernardino in memory

:07:56. > :07:58.of the 14 people who died when a married couple opened fire

:07:59. > :08:00.on public health workers who'd The FBI has taken charge

:08:01. > :08:04.of the investigation after President Obama said the shootings

:08:05. > :08:06.could be a terrorist attack. At this point,

:08:07. > :08:08.this is now an FBI investigation. That's being done in cooperation

:08:09. > :08:11.and consultation with local law It is possible that this

:08:12. > :08:13.was terrorist related. One of the first responders to the

:08:14. > :08:25.scene, Lieutenant Mike Madden, spoke As we entered into the conference

:08:26. > :08:33.room, the situation was surreal. Again,

:08:34. > :08:39.we prepare for an active shooter, we talk about sensory overload, they

:08:40. > :08:43.try to throw everything at you to What you are seeing, what you are

:08:44. > :08:51.hearing, what you are smelling. It was unspeakable,

:08:52. > :08:58.the carnage that we were seeing. The number

:08:59. > :09:01.of people who were injured, And the pure panic on the face

:09:02. > :09:08.of those individuals who were still We got as many people out

:09:09. > :09:17.as quickly as he could. We had approximately,

:09:18. > :09:19.I estimated in talking with other officers who were with me,

:09:20. > :09:24.probably 50 people responded past us And then we went further

:09:25. > :09:31.into the building. That was

:09:32. > :09:35.a difficult choice to have to make as well, passing people who we knew

:09:36. > :09:40.were injured and needed assistance. But our goal at that time had to be

:09:41. > :09:43.trying to locate the shooters Hussam Ayloush is

:09:44. > :09:51.the executive director of the Council on American-Islamic

:09:52. > :09:53.Relations in Los Angeles. He told me what the reaction has

:09:54. > :09:56.been like from the local community Like all other Americans, American

:09:57. > :10:01.Muslims have been devastated. They are in grief and mourning,

:10:02. > :10:04.especially those who are local This is our area,

:10:05. > :10:10.this is where we live, this is where We know people who work there,

:10:11. > :10:16.we know people who go there So, like everyone else,

:10:17. > :10:22.we were anxious, we were very Of course,

:10:23. > :10:24.we are still in mourning for These are people's parents,

:10:25. > :10:28.husbands, wives, many families who Heartfelt condolences

:10:29. > :10:38.go to these families. What is the response to

:10:39. > :10:41.the fact that President Obama said Any time somebody goes with such

:10:42. > :10:53.viciousness and violence, there are motives that are hard to understand,

:10:54. > :10:57.and terrorism is always one of them. It is too soon to confirm

:10:58. > :11:05.that motivation, that motive. Either way, regardless of what the

:11:06. > :11:08.motives might be, it's unequivocally condemned by all Americans,

:11:09. > :11:12.including American Muslims. I know you have spoken to

:11:13. > :11:14.Syed Farook's family. I wonder

:11:15. > :11:16.if you could give an insight into I have spoken to

:11:17. > :11:25.a gentleman who is married to the They wanted to make sure

:11:26. > :11:41.they conveyed their grief. They are shaken as a family

:11:42. > :11:43.by the news that one of their relatives, one of the close

:11:44. > :11:47.ones from the family, could have caused so much death and suffering

:11:48. > :11:53.and pain to so many people. They expressed their pain

:11:54. > :11:55.and suffering. It reminded all of us that we need

:11:56. > :11:59.to be in solidarity with each other. At the end of the day,

:12:00. > :12:02.all of us were victimised Are you able to tell us who is

:12:03. > :12:07.looking after Syed Farook Currently the baby is being held

:12:08. > :12:14.by the CPS, the child protection service, our county

:12:15. > :12:21.and state service to keep the baby. Initially,

:12:22. > :12:23.the mother of Farook and his sister Once they were released, there is a

:12:24. > :12:32.process that goes through the court. Unfortunately the county offices are

:12:33. > :12:36.closed because of the incident, but it should be only a matter

:12:37. > :12:38.of going through a process and the baby should be released to

:12:39. > :12:43.her grandmother. The family, how did they react to

:12:44. > :12:46.the fact that Farook had bee in communication with Islamist

:12:47. > :12:54.extremists on social media? I spoke with them today,

:12:55. > :12:56.just a few hours ago. They couldn't believe that somebody

:12:57. > :13:01.who is so peaceful, at least, over the years had been peaceful,

:13:02. > :13:07.somebody who had been soft-spoken. What could make somebody who

:13:08. > :13:10.was living the American dream, he had a happy marriage, a good job,

:13:11. > :13:24.a baby girl, We will be for him there for a

:13:25. > :13:30.moment. At Chadderton town hall in Oldham, you can see Jeremy Corbyn.

:13:31. > :13:35.... Winning this incredible result in the olden by-election. He stood

:13:36. > :13:39.on a campaign of jobs, of people 's needs, opposing what Tory austerity

:13:40. > :13:43.is about but also bringing investment, apprenticeships and a

:13:44. > :13:48.good future to the people of Oldham. June -- gym, an experienced council

:13:49. > :13:52.leader, brilliant local man, can speak up for the people of this

:13:53. > :13:57.town, speaking parliament about them and bring the sort of decent,

:13:58. > :14:02.prosperous opportunity future that we want for everybody, everybody in

:14:03. > :14:09.this country. Congratulations, Jim McMahon, MP.

:14:10. > :14:14.CHEERING REPORTER: Has he saved your

:14:15. > :14:17.leadership, Mr Corbyn? Listen, this is a truly overwhelming

:14:18. > :14:22.thing for a local lad, to represent the town he lives in Westminster is

:14:23. > :14:27.a big issue. I am clear, I am sick to death of what the Tories are

:14:28. > :14:29.doing in towns like Oldham. The Northern powerhouse rhetoric is

:14:30. > :14:34.nothing more than a write-off of the North to create a pool house, I am

:14:35. > :14:44.sick of it. It is about time we show the Tories that we have had enough.

:14:45. > :14:47.-- to create a poorhouse. This campaign shows just how strong

:14:48. > :14:51.our party is, not just here in Oldham but all over the country. It

:14:52. > :14:57.shows the way we have driven the Tories back on tax credits, police

:14:58. > :15:03.cuts, on their whole austerity agenda and narrative. It shows just

:15:04. > :15:07.how strong, how deep-rooted and broad our party, the Labour Party,

:15:08. > :15:08.is for the whole of Britain. Thank you very much, everybody.

:15:09. > :15:24.CHEERING STUDIO: Lets just see if he is asked

:15:25. > :15:32.any more questions. They are turning to go inside the Town Hall, Jim

:15:33. > :15:36.McMahon, the new MP for Oldham West and Ryton. A view messages from you,

:15:37. > :15:40.one pointed out that Jim McMahon was the only one who lived in the area

:15:41. > :15:44.and knew it well. Another claims that Nigel Farage is a bad loser,

:15:45. > :15:50.and says, get over yourself, you and your party have been sent packing by

:15:51. > :15:54.the people of Oldham. Another comments, fraud and the media latch

:15:55. > :15:59.on to wed rather than racist comments about voters not speaking

:16:00. > :16:04.English. Tom says on Twitter, Labour won, bring the present government to

:16:05. > :16:07.task instead of your bias. Another claims that the Ukip comments were

:16:08. > :16:10.sour grapes. Keep your comments coming in. Still to come.

:16:11. > :16:13.Do we need shock campaigns to help us reduce the amount

:16:14. > :16:16.We'll have the last in our series of special reports.

:16:17. > :16:19.We'll get reaction to the news that a controversial court

:16:20. > :16:21.charge - which led to magistrate resignations - has been scrapped.

:16:22. > :16:24.It's a subject we've covered several times on this programme over

:16:25. > :16:40.The Labour leader Jeremy Corbyn says he is delighted with the result

:16:41. > :16:43.after the Labour Party comfortably won the old West and Ryton

:16:44. > :16:48.by-election with a majority of just under 11,000. Ukip came second,

:16:49. > :16:56.Nigel Farage has blamed this on what he claims are bent postal votes.

:16:57. > :17:00.Retract somebody was harvesting the postal votes! Complete summer grapes

:17:01. > :17:03.from Nigel Farage. He needs to get used to it, I don't remember him

:17:04. > :17:09.moaning about postal votes winner Ukip won a by-election, the truth is

:17:10. > :17:11.that Labour won a great victory in Oldham.

:17:12. > :17:14.A candlelit vigil has taken place at the scene of a mass shooting in

:17:15. > :17:17.California. Fourteen people died when a married couple opened fired

:17:18. > :17:19.on public health workers in San Bernardino during a Christmas party.

:17:20. > :17:22.US officials have revealed the pair were in contact with extremists over

:17:23. > :17:32.The French president, Francois Hollande, is to visit the air

:17:33. > :17:36.carrier showed a goal which is conducting missions off these silly

:17:37. > :17:40.and cost. It has 30 and warplanes on board and has intensified attacks on

:17:41. > :17:44.IS since the Paris attacks last month.

:17:45. > :17:46.Rail fares will rise by up to 1.1% from January.

:17:47. > :17:49.The industry body, the Rail Delivery Group, says it is the smallest price

:17:50. > :17:53.Regulated fares, including season tickets, are capped at no more than

:17:54. > :17:55.1%. However unregulated fares, like off-peak, leisure

:17:56. > :18:04.tickets, can be increased at the discretion of the train companies.

:18:05. > :18:11.Sales of false Oregon cars fell last month in the wake of the diesel

:18:12. > :18:17.emission scandal. Budget sales of folks work on cars. Although these

:18:18. > :18:21.scandal broke in September car deliveries take a couple of weeks to

:18:22. > :18:26.come through after you buy a car. So the data is significant today and it

:18:27. > :18:31.shows that just under 13,000 Volkswagen branded vehicles were

:18:32. > :18:38.bought in November. That is a 20% fall on last. However, this is the

:18:39. > :18:43.big point. Skoda and Audi, they are all Volkswagen brands and they have

:18:44. > :18:47.also all fall, only Bentley of the group saw sales rise. More generally

:18:48. > :18:51.across the picture, people are buying more cars. We've seen a

:18:52. > :18:57.return to growth and brands like Volkswagen, take rises there, 25%

:18:58. > :19:07.rise in November alone of Foxhall cars. Perhaps because they are

:19:08. > :19:12.selling the Astras, a new model. Robust growth in the car market. And

:19:13. > :19:17.perhaps a little damage because of the emissions scandal although it is

:19:18. > :19:25.across the entire brand. If you look at sitter, a different manufacturer,

:19:26. > :19:35.we are also seeing falls, down 28%. The VW scandal is affecting others?

:19:36. > :19:39.Or people just don't want to buy Citroen cars? When you look at this

:19:40. > :19:43.data, it seems that people are buying, not of that they like and we

:19:44. > :19:47.are seeing a real pick-up when people are buying fleets of

:19:48. > :19:50.vehicles, corporate buyers, that accounts for a much larger

:19:51. > :19:55.percentage of the rise in sales rather than people like you and I

:19:56. > :20:00.buying cars. Those are the main stories today, now for the sport. In

:20:01. > :20:04.the sport headlines to time Tour de France winner Chris Froome has

:20:05. > :20:08.released his performance data in an attempt to prove he is a clean

:20:09. > :20:12.rider. Fans was bedding at him and throwing Uren at him during the Tour

:20:13. > :20:16.de France in July because of suspicions over his results. He is

:20:17. > :20:20.hoping the data will satisfy that is. Johanna contra, the British

:20:21. > :20:25.number one lady tennis player is the latest to criticise the lawn tennis

:20:26. > :20:28.Association, she feels they jeopardised her career when they cut

:20:29. > :20:33.of funding in November and says the rise in the world rankings is down

:20:34. > :20:42.to family and friends. Arsenal is a midfielder Santi Cazorla could be

:20:43. > :20:44.out until March with a knee injury. It is thought he sustained the

:20:45. > :20:46.injury during the draw with Norwich on Sunday. And the astronaut Tim

:20:47. > :20:48.Peake will be running the London Marathon in April on the

:20:49. > :20:51.International Space Station. He'll be running on a treadmill with a

:20:52. > :20:56.video of the course in front of him, starting at the same time as the

:20:57. > :20:59.other competitors on earth. That's all the sports news this morning.

:21:00. > :21:02.Thank you. What's the best way of reducing

:21:03. > :21:05.the amount of sugar we all consume? Getting manufacturers to remove the

:21:06. > :21:09.amount of sugar they put in food? Stopping supermarkets

:21:10. > :21:10.from doing price promotion deals All this week we've been looking

:21:11. > :21:16.at the link between sugar intake and obesity, and asking what can be

:21:17. > :21:19.done to tackle the problem. Otherwise, experts predict almost

:21:20. > :21:22.half of British people will be obese By then weight problems are expected

:21:23. > :21:31.to cost the NHS ?50 billion a year. One public health issue

:21:32. > :21:33.after another has demonstrated that to change outcomes,

:21:34. > :21:35.you have to change attitudes, Are we ready for

:21:36. > :21:42.the same hard-hitting campaigns that have helped in the fight

:21:43. > :21:45.against drink driving and smoking? Our reporter Jim Reed's film

:21:46. > :21:47.includes some public advertising campaigns in other countries which

:21:48. > :21:57.you might find distrurbing. One medical condition will soon cost

:21:58. > :22:00.us more than smoking, war, The country's most senior doctor has

:22:01. > :22:17.warned that overweight is fast becoming the norm in British

:22:18. > :22:25.society. So, the question,

:22:26. > :22:28.for the government, the doctors, the food industry and for us -

:22:29. > :22:32.how do we start to tackle what many think is the biggest threat to

:22:33. > :22:38.public health in the 21st-century? Health warnings have changed

:22:39. > :22:43.a bit since the 1960s. Back then, campaigns were gentle,

:22:44. > :22:48.calming music, reassuring words, Our good friend Smokey the Bear will

:22:49. > :22:58.be glad I stamped this one out. The only problem,

:22:59. > :23:00.they didn't work very well. Every 15 cigarettes you smoke

:23:01. > :23:09.will cause a mutation. The reality is,

:23:10. > :23:11.when it comes to changing public behaviour, it's shock tactics

:23:12. > :23:14.which are often most effective. Whether that is trying to get us to

:23:15. > :23:18.put on a seat belt, Most cigarette smoke

:23:19. > :23:25.in a room comes from the lit end. Most of us wouldn't dream

:23:26. > :23:27.of driving home after three pints or lighting up

:23:28. > :23:30.in a bar or restaurant these days. The question is, can the same kind

:23:31. > :23:35.of tactics now work for obesity? Some other countries are moving

:23:36. > :23:42.much faster than the UK on this. Some of these campaigns are too

:23:43. > :23:45.graphic for us to show In Australia, for example,

:23:46. > :23:50.they compare childhood obesity with And in the US, this commercial

:23:51. > :24:11.follows a sick man in his 30s as his Five foot nine, 300 lbs,

:24:12. > :24:16.32 years old. I still can't believe you give

:24:17. > :24:22.the child french fries. I know, it's the only thing

:24:23. > :24:26.that will make him stop. We showed some of the adverts to

:24:27. > :24:36.groups of young parents in London. When you eat more than you need to

:24:37. > :24:39.and aren't as active as you should be, fat doesn't just

:24:40. > :24:42.build up around your waist. A toxic fat also builds up

:24:43. > :24:46.around your vital organs, releasing dangerous levels of

:24:47. > :24:48.chemicals that bring heart disease, You need a bit of hard-hitting stuff

:24:49. > :25:13.sometimes to get the message across. We are all aware

:25:14. > :25:21.of how bad saturated fat is, It's all right being aware

:25:22. > :25:28.of saturated fat, but diets are We know all cigarettes are bad

:25:29. > :25:33.for you. There is, though, not much wrong

:25:34. > :25:36.with sugar and fat in moderation. So how do you point out the risk

:25:37. > :25:39.in something that for most people There is now a danger that

:25:40. > :25:50.has become a threat to us all. It was one

:25:51. > :25:55.of the first campaigns that really tried to grab the public's attention

:25:56. > :25:58.with a degree of fear. Peter Souter is one

:25:59. > :26:01.of the most senior figures in The agency he runs came up with this

:26:02. > :26:07.campaign in 1986, now seen by many You slowly reveal that something is

:26:08. > :26:20.being carved, and that something is quite dark and ominous, and it turns

:26:21. > :26:24.out to be the word AIDS, carved into something that looks like a

:26:25. > :26:26.gravestone, that then topples over. If you ignore AIDS,

:26:27. > :26:30.it could be the death of you. I think absolutely there is,

:26:31. > :26:32.not only the possibility, but the need, for a really memorable,

:26:33. > :26:36.powerful anti-obesity campaign. The thing that would make it a very

:26:37. > :26:41.delicate piece of work, is to encourage people to eat healthily

:26:42. > :26:51.and feed their children healthily, without making them feel that they

:26:52. > :26:54.were being shouted at by the nanny And without creating another

:26:55. > :26:57.problem, the kind of twin sister of It would have to be quite impactful,

:26:58. > :27:03.quite hard-hitting, quite memorable, because changing physical behaviour

:27:04. > :27:06.like what you eat is tough. You know how it is, you settle down,

:27:07. > :27:09.put on a few kilos, One in two Australian

:27:10. > :27:13.adults is overweight. For the moment then,

:27:14. > :27:18.adverts like this are unlikely to In 30 years' time,

:27:19. > :27:28.this kind of warning might look like scaremongering, or it might

:27:29. > :27:30.look shrewd and far-sighted. But when I first realised it

:27:31. > :27:57.was affecting my health, ... First, St Louis, Germany has voted

:27:58. > :28:03.in favour of supporting the military campaign against Isil in Syria, they

:28:04. > :28:08.will send soldiers although they will not be engaging in direct

:28:09. > :28:13.combat, they will send 1200 soldiers, from Germany, to help the

:28:14. > :28:15.coalition in their fight against IS in Syria. Now we can talk about

:28:16. > :28:17.sugar and obesity. Let's talk to

:28:18. > :28:19.Gavin Partington from the Soft Drinks Association, Ian Wright from

:28:20. > :28:28.the Food and Drink Federation and Could I ask you all, not to have

:28:29. > :28:33.your standard disagreements because I know you will have done that many

:28:34. > :28:36.times before! On behalf of the audience I would like to generate

:28:37. > :28:41.light rather than heat. Let's look at what you agree on. Do you all

:28:42. > :28:48.acknowledge that sugar in cereal, sweets, soft drinks, etc, is not

:28:49. > :28:52.good in the modern diet? I do not accept that sugar itself is not

:28:53. > :28:58.good, it is about balance and proportion. There is a big obesity

:28:59. > :29:04.crisis and we must tackle it and anything we can do to tackle it is

:29:05. > :29:09.the right thing to do. Absolutely, sugar is high in our diets and yet

:29:10. > :29:15.we still have to look at that and salt. The data suggests that some

:29:16. > :29:21.people, especially young people, have too much sugar in their diet.

:29:22. > :29:29.Over time, as long as it is in line with consumer choices. We definitely

:29:30. > :29:34.need a reduction. You differ on how this should be done, set out your

:29:35. > :29:39.positions. We want to look at reducing the amount of sugar and fat

:29:40. > :29:47.gradually in foods and we want to see our other two calls from Action

:29:48. > :29:51.on Sugar, it's to look at reducing the amount of sugar supplied in

:29:52. > :29:57.public sector foods, not just in schools but in hospitals and looking

:29:58. > :30:01.at labelling. We need a long-term calorie reduction plan which means

:30:02. > :30:05.voluntary commitments from manufacturers to reduce sugar over

:30:06. > :30:09.time but in line with consumer demand so that consumers do not go

:30:10. > :30:15.elsewhere and top up their sugar elsewhere. We need to those under 16

:30:16. > :30:19.with high-fat sugar and salt products. Not a band, voluntary. I

:30:20. > :30:24.don't believe in a nanny state. I agree with the man on the film who

:30:25. > :30:29.said that we need serious behavioural change campaigns to do

:30:30. > :30:34.stuff like we saw from Australia. I thought that Australian ad was

:30:35. > :30:40.fantastic. And I think my industry will be paired to help in the

:30:41. > :30:42.creation of that underfunding. And voluntary not advertising to young

:30:43. > :30:51.people, your members would go for that? They would. We would like

:30:52. > :30:55.that, the ban on broadcasting extended to other media like digital

:30:56. > :30:59.whether kids often access media these days, reformulation, we have

:31:00. > :31:02.done this in spades in soft drinks were we have seen marked calorie

:31:03. > :31:11.reduction in the last couple of years. It's 11% in the last four

:31:12. > :31:21.years. In calories? 11% of calories being removed from the product, the

:31:22. > :31:26.product reformulated. 150 calories? A significant amount more, many

:31:27. > :31:31.products have had 30% of the sugar taken out and replaced by artificial

:31:32. > :31:38.natural sweeteners. Consumers are shifting

:31:39. > :31:44.Clearly, you would like your members to be left to do this voluntarily.

:31:45. > :31:50.Maybe the scale of the challenges too great to rely solely on members

:31:51. > :31:53.to reduce sugar voluntarily? I think a voluntary code and a voluntary

:31:54. > :31:59.code and apologies set of actions is the way to go. Sorry to interrupt

:32:00. > :32:02.you, you wouldn't want any kind of enforcement, but would that be

:32:03. > :32:08.something that might be useful as well? I am not against measuring

:32:09. > :32:12.against commitments. One of the problems with the previous regime,

:32:13. > :32:18.is there were no measurements. It could not be said whether it had

:32:19. > :32:22.succeeded or failed against the original objectives. I am very happy

:32:23. > :32:26.for food and drink industry to be measured on the commitment it

:32:27. > :32:30.makes. I agree, it needs to be accountable. Some major companies

:32:31. > :32:34.are doing the right thing, the best thing, removing sugar, hoping to

:32:35. > :32:38.reduce calories. They need to be accountable that we also had to

:32:39. > :32:42.ensure that we reach out to the smaller companies, some which have

:32:43. > :32:48.maybe not taken action in the past, and include them. Small

:32:49. > :32:52.manufacturers find this difficult, it is difficult and costly to do

:32:53. > :32:55.these reformulation is. We need to share the scientific expertise that

:32:56. > :33:00.big companies have that small companies could use. Reformulation

:33:01. > :33:02.means reducing the added sugar but you had to ensure that we reach out

:33:03. > :33:05.to the smaller companies, some which have maybe not taken action in the

:33:06. > :33:07.past, and include them. Small manufacturers find this difficult,

:33:08. > :33:09.it is difficult and costly to do these reformulation is. We need to

:33:10. > :33:11.share the scientific expertise that big companies have that small

:33:12. > :33:14.companies could use. Reformulation means reducing the added sugar but

:33:15. > :33:17.you have too to see how it affects the food, the taste and all sorts.

:33:18. > :33:20.-- but you have to cook stuff to see. It has been slow but it has

:33:21. > :33:24.definitely worked, it has had a reduction in about 15% of the amount

:33:25. > :33:31.of salt that people are eating. But it has gone on for a long period. At

:33:32. > :33:34.the moment, we feel like the salt reduction and reformulation is at a

:33:35. > :33:39.standstill, we don't have any evidence on how it has been

:33:40. > :33:44.evaluated, how it is happening. We want something stricter to be

:33:45. > :33:49.implemented for salt. Some sort of monitoring, but not legislation? We

:33:50. > :33:55.think there should be legislation. Ian and Gavin, when they say, our

:33:56. > :34:01.members would be prepared to do this voluntarily, do you believe them? To

:34:02. > :34:07.some extent, but I see all the popular:s, popular product, they are

:34:08. > :34:14.still very high. -- all the popular colas. There are still low-fat, low

:34:15. > :34:19.sugar versions. But we want to see a faster reduction. Could you not

:34:20. > :34:28.reduce the sugar, quite slowly, over years, and the consumers would not

:34:29. > :34:31.notice? If you go about 5% ago, it usually takes about two Magri years

:34:32. > :34:36.for consumers to get used to a reduction, then you do it again. But

:34:37. > :34:42.you can't do it consistently. Wide and you do that? We are, we have

:34:43. > :34:47.been over the last ten years, that is why there has been mastered sugar

:34:48. > :34:53.reduction. Alternatives have been created, diet versions have been

:34:54. > :34:57.created, those with 30% have been created, but the original ones have

:34:58. > :35:03.not been reduced. Some of them have. It is all about consumer choice.

:35:04. > :35:07.That is my point, consumers need to have the choice and if they like the

:35:08. > :35:12.popular, iconic Rodic, they will continue to buy them, but if we do

:35:13. > :35:18.not reformulate them they will not turn to the diet ones. The data does

:35:19. > :35:22.not back that up. Looking at what has happened in fizzy drinks,

:35:23. > :35:28.figures show that people have switched away from regular product

:35:29. > :35:32.and are buying more diet, low and no calorie products. Offering those

:35:33. > :35:39.options, reformulating some products, provides a consumer choice

:35:40. > :35:43.which can be encouraged. That the vast majority preferred the original

:35:44. > :35:48.product, and we know that. Thank you, all of you, for being

:35:49. > :35:53.interesting and moderate. Germany peers parliament has

:35:54. > :35:57.approved proposals to support air strikes targeting so-called Islamic

:35:58. > :36:01.State strikes in Syria. Our corresponding Jenny Hill is in

:36:02. > :36:06.Berlin, what is the significance of this boat? An overwhelming majority

:36:07. > :36:10.have voted in favour of sending troops and military equipment to aid

:36:11. > :36:15.the international coalition in the fight against IS in Syria. In

:36:16. > :36:19.practice, six Tornado reconnaissance jets will be sent, as will a

:36:20. > :36:26.refuelling aircraft and a naval frigates, along with 1200 soldiers.

:36:27. > :36:29.It is very different from the proposal approved by the British

:36:30. > :36:34.government in that the role in Syria for Germany will be supporting.

:36:35. > :36:38.Those troops will not be involved in active combat, they will be there

:36:39. > :36:43.simply to support the other nations involved in those air strikes. That

:36:44. > :36:46.is really important. Germany, judicially, has been reluctant to

:36:47. > :36:51.get involved in this kind of operation. When it does, it sticks

:36:52. > :36:56.to a training or peacekeeping role. This represents a little bit of a

:36:57. > :37:02.shift in German foreign policy. It might not seem significant, but it

:37:03. > :37:06.is. First of all, MPs here were very keen to show solidarity with brands

:37:07. > :37:10.over what happened in Paris, secondly and arguably perhaps for

:37:11. > :37:14.Germany more importantly, ministers here are in no doubt that Germany is

:37:15. > :37:21.now very much a target for IS terror attacks. In the words of one

:37:22. > :37:26.minister a few weeks ago, Germany is in the cross hairs of international

:37:27. > :37:29.terrorism. As far as politicians are concerned, it is important to do

:37:30. > :37:34.something in Syria to achieve some sort of peace in the region but also

:37:35. > :37:37.to prevent any kind of Paris style attack on German soil. Thank you,

:37:38. > :37:45.Jenny Hill in Berlin. It's a story we've been highlighting

:37:46. > :37:48.on the show for a while - the criminal court charges brought

:37:49. > :37:51.in this year that critics have The government wanted to make

:37:52. > :37:55.offenders pay towards the cost of their court cases, with ?150

:37:56. > :37:57.charges for people who pleaded guilty, but as much as ?1,200 to pay

:37:58. > :38:10.if a defendant initially denied The charge was not means tested.

:38:11. > :38:14.Lots of magistrates warned that the fines were unfair and encouraged

:38:15. > :38:17.innocent he pulled to plead guilty to pay the lower fine. -- innocent

:38:18. > :38:19.people. Dozens of magistrates resigned

:38:20. > :38:25.in protest. I am joined by Bob Neill,

:38:26. > :38:28.a Conservative MP and Chairman of the Justice Committee,

:38:29. > :38:30.as well as a barrister. It was his government who brought

:38:31. > :38:33.in the charges in April - but then only a few months later he

:38:34. > :38:36.and his committee called In Bridgenorth in Shropshire,

:38:37. > :38:39.we've got Richard Stilwell, who resigned as a magistrate

:38:40. > :38:41.in protest at the charges. And in Bristol is Malcolm Robinson,

:38:42. > :38:44.a practising magistrate and national chairman of the Magistrates

:38:45. > :38:53.Association of England and Wales. Welcome. Bob Neill, go on, then?

:38:54. > :38:59.Good morning. I am very pleased. The select committee published a report,

:39:00. > :39:03.as you will remember, a few weeks ago. Full credit to Michael Gove for

:39:04. > :39:07.having moved very quickly. All the evidence we had, accusing from the

:39:08. > :39:11.Magistrates Association Normal Cockle, Right Up To The Lord Chief

:39:12. > :39:16.Justice And Senior Judges, Said It Was Just Not Working Practice. For

:39:17. > :39:20.the reasons you have given, it was not collect in the money it was

:39:21. > :39:25.supposed to because there was no discretion. It was almost like

:39:26. > :39:28.trying to get blood out of a stone in some cases. It also meant that in

:39:29. > :39:33.some cases judges and magistrates were not having the scope to impose

:39:34. > :39:39.compensation orders or orders for prosecution costs, where offenders

:39:40. > :39:43.who are convicted have means, we thought that was a better means of

:39:44. > :39:48.getting some money paid back by recompense. Richard, I think you

:39:49. > :39:54.have been on the bench for over 20 years, before you resigned, was a

:39:55. > :39:58.particular case the last straw? There were one of two, but there was

:39:59. > :40:03.a particular case of a who had been brought into court and had been

:40:04. > :40:10.brought into court in custody. Whilst he was in the cells, for some

:40:11. > :40:17.reason, I think he was under the influence of alcohol at the time, he

:40:18. > :40:22.puts on toner rolls down the toilet. -- he puts toilet rolls down the

:40:23. > :40:27.toilet. He was brought into court, as he was in custody, the financial

:40:28. > :40:31.penalty he faced, because first of all he had the compensation to the

:40:32. > :40:35.police to employ cleaners to unblock the toilet, then he had a core

:40:36. > :40:40.charge because he was appearing in court. Invariably, like so many

:40:41. > :40:47.other defendants, he was a very limited financial means. The total

:40:48. > :40:52.financial penalty including a fine, compensation and a victim surcharge

:40:53. > :41:01.was well over ?400, which was, plainly, ridiculous. How the

:41:02. > :41:03.Government expected many people with almost no financial means to

:41:04. > :41:12.suddenly find hundreds and hundreds of extra pounds absolutely beggars

:41:13. > :41:18.belief. In my own opinion, I think it is just a symptom of what is

:41:19. > :41:23.wrong with the criminal justice system at a moment. I think it is

:41:24. > :41:28.failing in many areas. Unfortunately, it is being allowed

:41:29. > :41:31.to happen. I would like to just say that although I welcome Michael Gove

:41:32. > :41:36.'s announcement yesterday, I urge people to treat this with some

:41:37. > :41:40.caution. We have not heard the detail yet. The detail, I am sure,

:41:41. > :41:45.will be for coming, but the only detail yet. The detail, I am sure,

:41:46. > :41:48.announcement so far is that a criminal court charges will no

:41:49. > :41:56.longer be imposed from the 24th of December. What's Michael Gove has

:41:57. > :42:01.said is that he wishes to consider a range of penalties, fines and

:42:02. > :42:05.charges imposed. Michael Robinson, the principle of offenders paying a

:42:06. > :42:12.bit towards the cost, that is all right, isn't it? Good morning.

:42:13. > :42:23.Actually, my name is Mark Richardson, it does not matter. It

:42:24. > :42:26.does matter. Not at all. The principle of simply paying towards

:42:27. > :42:30.the court charge being right or wrong, that is a matter for

:42:31. > :42:34.Parliament. What we said and what we are delighted that Michael Gove

:42:35. > :42:39.listened to and used our council meeting yesterday to announce is

:42:40. > :42:45.that the way it was working was just inappropriate, unjust and gave rise

:42:46. > :42:52.to some of the ridiculous situations which Richard has just explained. We

:42:53. > :42:56.are delighted that he listened to magistrates and has acted as rapidly

:42:57. > :43:01.as he has in the way that he has, and we look forward to working with

:43:02. > :43:05.him as he looks to ways in which he will reform all of the financial

:43:06. > :43:10.penalties. It sometimes feels you are going into a Chinese takeaway

:43:11. > :43:14.and ordering a meal, the number of financial positions you had to put

:43:15. > :43:19.as a member of the bench. How much damage has this done to the justice

:43:20. > :43:26.system, Mr Richardson? It certainly has not helped. The fact that Mr

:43:27. > :43:29.Gove has lived up to his reputation of being an extremely good

:43:30. > :43:34.Gove has lived up to his reputation and being prepared to tackle issues

:43:35. > :43:39.which he sees as being dealt with inappropriately, he has dealt with

:43:40. > :43:43.its rapidly. I hope that any damage is only temporary. I wished we had

:43:44. > :43:46.more time, but we don't. Thank you for your Richardson, Bob Neill and

:43:47. > :43:48.Richard Stillwell. Joanna's presenting the programme

:43:49. > :43:51.on Monday where she'll be talking about violent children who attack

:43:52. > :43:55.their parents. Have a brilliant weekend, thank you

:43:56. > :43:59.for watching today.