16/12/2015

:00:07. > :00:08.Hello, it's Wednesday, it's 9.15, I'm Joanna Gosling.

:00:09. > :00:14.Doctors are told to show more respect for people who are dying,

:00:15. > :00:22.and not to make snap decisions about their care.

:00:23. > :00:26.The guidance has been drawn up after failures.

:00:27. > :00:29.Pakistan marks the first anniversary of an attack on a school where more

:00:30. > :00:35.than 150 people died - 132 of the children.

:00:36. > :00:44.TRANSLATION: I was shot four time. After the fourth bullet I passed

:00:45. > :00:50.out. I did not know if I was dead or alive. We will be live in Peshawar

:00:51. > :00:54.in the next half-hour and also talk to the father of the Nobel Prize

:00:55. > :00:57.winner Malala. The online videos that some claim

:00:58. > :01:00.make their heads tingle - the science behind the sounds that

:01:01. > :01:03.apparently make us feel good. Rest awhile. And I will see you

:01:04. > :01:17.soon. We're on BBC Two and the BBC

:01:18. > :01:22.News Channel until 11 this morning. We'll keep you across the latest

:01:23. > :01:36.breaking and developing stories And as ever your comments

:01:37. > :01:38.are really welcome. Texts will be charged

:01:39. > :01:41.at the standard network rate. And of course you can watch

:01:42. > :01:43.the programme online wherever you are - via the bbc news app

:01:44. > :01:46.or our website bbc.co.uk/victoria and you can also subscribe

:01:47. > :01:49.to all our features on the news app, by going to add topics and searching

:01:50. > :01:51.Victoria Derbyshire. First, doctors and nurses

:01:52. > :01:53.are being urged to treat dying patients as individuals rather

:01:54. > :01:56.than making snap decisions The health watchdog Nice says staff

:01:57. > :02:00.in England need to move away from a tick-box approach

:02:01. > :02:02.to treatment at the end The guidance is intended to address

:02:03. > :02:08.misuse of the previous system - the Liverpool Care Pathway -

:02:09. > :03:30.which left some patients heavily That is a run through of the system

:03:31. > :03:34.as it was. New guidelines are now in force. We can talk more about the

:03:35. > :03:36.situation, how it was and what it should be.

:03:37. > :03:38.Here now is Susan Dewar, who's worked as a community nurse

:03:39. > :03:41.for more than 50 years, and who's helped with these

:03:42. > :03:44.And Professor Sam Ahmedzai, a professor of palliative medicine

:03:45. > :03:47.at the University of Sheffield, and chair of the committee which has

:03:48. > :03:59.How necessary was it to change the situation? Good morning. It was

:04:00. > :04:03.necessary because up till now, Britain has not had guidelines. This

:04:04. > :04:08.is the first set of guidelines issued for the NHS to follow for the

:04:09. > :04:13.care of dying adults. Some people think the Liverpool Care Pathway was

:04:14. > :04:19.an official guideline, but it was a set of principles, a good idea, to

:04:20. > :04:23.take what was going on in hospices and trying to transplant those into

:04:24. > :04:30.busy hospital wards, home care settings and nursing homes, but it

:04:31. > :04:34.was not fully implemented. The new guidelines will embed this directly

:04:35. > :04:39.into the NHS. With Susan and other experts we have written guidelines

:04:40. > :04:43.that will make sense to any health care professional. There has been

:04:44. > :04:48.huge concern about the Liverpool Care Pathway and stories where

:04:49. > :04:53.relatives have in concerned about the treatment of loved ones in their

:04:54. > :04:57.dying days. How worried where you about it? Give us examples you must

:04:58. > :05:03.have come across looking into the situation. One of my jobs in the

:05:04. > :05:11.team I worked with in Sheffield, which we were proud to have a

:05:12. > :05:15.24-hour team based in a hospital, we sometimes saw examples, where good

:05:16. > :05:20.professional colleagues, without necessarily thinking, would apply

:05:21. > :05:25.the Liverpool Care Pathway as a blanket exercise and there.

:05:26. > :05:31.Medication, stop hydration, because it was thought that was not what

:05:32. > :05:36.people needed. From just a comfort level or for medical reasons, some

:05:37. > :05:44.people would benefit from hydration. What is the thinking behind that? It

:05:45. > :05:48.might be born out of a misconception that if you give fluids to people it

:05:49. > :05:53.might prolong their dying. We looked at the evidence from world

:05:54. > :05:57.literature and there is no evidence giving fluids to people at the end

:05:58. > :06:03.of life will prolong suffering. There is no evidence if we do not

:06:04. > :06:07.give fluids it will hasten death and we need to understand that. If

:06:08. > :06:11.fluids are given carefully, by mouth, and in the guidelines we have

:06:12. > :06:17.said family should be encouraged to help people to drink, to give good

:06:18. > :06:23.mouth care, that releases time for busy nurses. If doctors are in any

:06:24. > :06:28.doubt someone might benefit from fluids, put up a drip and see if it

:06:29. > :06:33.makes a difference. Susan, you have huge experience, you have been a

:06:34. > :06:40.community nurse for 50 years. How difficult is it to get it right in a

:06:41. > :06:44.patient's dying days? It can be quite difficult. It is easier at

:06:45. > :06:51.home, because they are usually more relaxed state home. That is usually

:06:52. > :06:56.where people want to be. You have their family around them, who can

:06:57. > :07:00.tell you if the person can't, what they like, what they want and what

:07:01. > :07:05.they would not like to happen. You will always make an error of

:07:06. > :07:11.judgment, but hopefully, we mostly get it right. The point of the

:07:12. > :07:16.guidelines is to say what should happen at the end of someone's life.

:07:17. > :07:22.Is it easy to know when someone is right at the end and the treatment

:07:23. > :07:27.should change? That can be difficult. It is difficult to

:07:28. > :07:31.recognise the very end. The last hours, you probably can, but the

:07:32. > :07:36.last days, you have to be very careful and just treat the person as

:07:37. > :07:41.they would like to be treated because you will hopefully would

:07:42. > :07:47.have known that already. In that case, is it worth having guidelines?

:07:48. > :07:53.Inevitably it will happen sometimes they will be treated as rules and

:07:54. > :08:00.mistakes can be made. We trust not. We have given a clear list of signs

:08:01. > :08:06.and symptoms that can be used as a guide to doctors to see if this

:08:07. > :08:12.person is possibly dying. What we have emphasised more than other

:08:13. > :08:15.guidelines is uncertainty. We have said somebody potentially dying

:08:16. > :08:19.should be reviewed at least daily and in hospital several times a day

:08:20. > :08:24.and at home maybe once or twice a day. Always looking for the chance,

:08:25. > :08:29.is this person stable, could they be improving? In which case you have to

:08:30. > :08:33.change the plan. Always there is an individual plan based on what they

:08:34. > :08:39.are currently going through, what they might go through, including

:08:40. > :08:43.hydration needs, and thinking, is the situation different? The next

:08:44. > :08:47.day they might be better and we switch to another plan. Why not just

:08:48. > :08:52.let the treatment carry on as it has been and see how things evolve? Why

:08:53. > :08:58.does it have to change at the end? A good question. In a busy hospital

:08:59. > :09:02.where I work, a person might have infection, they get antibiotics,

:09:03. > :09:07.they might have the end results of chemotherapy for cancer. We are

:09:08. > :09:11.saying those things, blue should be withdrawn because if they are not

:09:12. > :09:19.giving specific health, take away the things that are not necessary

:09:20. > :09:24.and concentrate on things that will give symptom relief. Unfortunately,

:09:25. > :09:29.doctors and nurses need to be reminded of that. The guidelines

:09:30. > :09:35.tell them how to do that. Susan, how much do carers around the person

:09:36. > :09:39.dying and around the family, who are in a traumatic situation, how much

:09:40. > :09:46.do they need to be reminded to be aware of what is required? I think

:09:47. > :09:52.you always need to be reminded. You cannot have too much being reminded

:09:53. > :09:56.to be sensitive and treat people with dignity. Families need to

:09:57. > :10:02.listen, the same as you need to listen to the patient. That is what

:10:03. > :10:07.nurses do extremely well, to listen and understand what somebody is

:10:08. > :10:11.saying. We are hearing more and more in different areas of medicine how

:10:12. > :10:16.important it is to have the input of loved ones around that person and it

:10:17. > :10:22.seems extraordinary it is 2015 and that is talked about as if it is

:10:23. > :10:25.something that has not been normal. Unfortunately, what happened in not

:10:26. > :10:30.so well implemented cases, loved ones were actually pushed aside.

:10:31. > :10:35.They wanted to help and they were told they could not. We are saying

:10:36. > :10:39.that people who are there, with an interest in the welfare of that

:10:40. > :10:44.person, provided it is safe, they should be allowed to take part in

:10:45. > :10:49.that care. An important thing with the new guideline is no individual

:10:50. > :10:52.doctor or nurse should have to make individual decisions themselves.

:10:53. > :10:58.Particularly not a junior in the night. They should have someone to

:10:59. > :11:02.turn to, a senior person. Maybe a specialist, but that is not always

:11:03. > :11:06.available. We say it should be reviewed daily and there should be a

:11:07. > :11:10.named person and the person dying should have the name, telephone

:11:11. > :11:17.number, they should know how to contact for help. Liverpool Care

:11:18. > :11:23.Pathway has gone. Are you concerned people died prematurely, even by

:11:24. > :11:27.weeks, months, because of having had those guidelines applied to their

:11:28. > :11:33.case, having been effectively dehydrated and start at the end? It

:11:34. > :11:37.is sad to say, but I witnessed cases where I felt if we had not

:11:38. > :11:42.intervened, somebody may have died, maybe a feud days before their time,

:11:43. > :11:54.sometimes potentially longer. -- may be a feud days. I remember a lady

:11:55. > :11:59.having feeding after a stroke. She then had cancer and suddenly they

:12:00. > :12:05.stopped the pain feeds. She said, I am still alive, where are my fluids?

:12:06. > :12:08.That thinking will have to go now. Although it was with good intention,

:12:09. > :12:15.that thinking may have shortened some people'slives. And would not

:12:16. > :12:19.have necessarily happened at home because people would have gone on

:12:20. > :12:24.having their feed, but we would have reduced it to the amount the person

:12:25. > :12:30.needed because they were not so active. And we frequently do that.

:12:31. > :12:33.We have people getting in touch. A former NHS nurse saying the

:12:34. > :12:38.Liverpool Care Pathway was good as a tool to be used alongside other

:12:39. > :12:43.tools but it fell down due to lack of training. Another says the NHS

:12:44. > :12:47.has to stop treating older patients as a burden and treat them with the

:12:48. > :12:51.same respect as everybody else. Thank you for coming in. We will

:12:52. > :12:58.talk more about this with people who have been affected previously. Their

:12:59. > :13:04.relatives having been treated under the Liverpool Care Pathway system.

:13:05. > :13:14.Still to come, online videos that some people claim make their heads

:13:15. > :13:19.tingle. And I will be speaking to the father of Malala as Pakistani

:13:20. > :13:24.marks the anniversary of an attack on a school where 150 people died.

:13:25. > :13:29.Doctors and nurses are being urged to treat dying patients

:13:30. > :13:32.as individuals rather than making "snap decisions" about their care.

:13:33. > :13:35.The health watchdog NICE says staff in England need to move away

:13:36. > :13:37.from a "tick-box" approach to treatment at the end

:13:38. > :13:50.Pakistan is marking the first anniversary of the devastating

:13:51. > :13:52.Taliban attack on the Army Public School in Peshawar,

:13:53. > :13:54.in which 150 lost their lives, 132 of them children.

:13:55. > :13:57.Survivors and relatives of the dead will attend a service at the school,

:13:58. > :14:00.where they will hold a two-minute silence and unveil a memorial

:14:01. > :14:06.Scotland's Finance Secretary, John Swinney, has promised

:14:07. > :14:08.to prioritise funding for hospitals, schools and policing when he unveils

:14:09. > :14:10.the Scottish Government's budget later today.

:14:11. > :14:13.For the first time he also has the option to set a separate income

:14:14. > :14:16.tax rate but it's expected he'll keep it in line with the rest

:14:17. > :14:20.MPs will vote today on whether or not to give the green

:14:21. > :14:22.light for fracking to take place under National Parks

:14:23. > :14:26.It's expected that plans to allow the extraction of shale gas in these

:14:27. > :14:29.areas will be approved, so long as the drilling begins

:14:30. > :14:34.Critics have accused the government of a U-turn after it pledged

:14:35. > :14:36.an outright ban on fracking in environmentally sensitive

:14:37. > :14:49.For many, the wait is almost over. Star Wars Force awakens is soon to

:14:50. > :14:56.reach cinema screens. Fans have been queueing overnight. The red-carpet

:14:57. > :15:02.has been rolled out and original cast members including Harrison Ford

:15:03. > :15:06.are set to reunite alongside a new generation of actors. Later we will

:15:07. > :15:10.have two of the original actors in the studio. Not those I mentioned!

:15:11. > :15:13.Let's catch up with all the sport now and join Olly at the BBC Sport

:15:14. > :15:23.Are you a Star Wars fan? I am a massive Star Wars fan. Who will be

:15:24. > :15:30.is people be, I am looking forward to that! Force awakens. I am sure

:15:31. > :15:35.Chelsea fans are hoping that happens to them. 48 hours from their latest

:15:36. > :15:43.defeat, the papers are having a field day. How much longer does Jose

:15:44. > :15:46.Mourinho have? This one saying apparently there will be an

:15:47. > :15:53.emergency meeting. Will Roman Abramovich give him the thumbs down.

:15:54. > :16:01.It will cost between 10 million and ?40 million to sack him. Here we go.

:16:02. > :16:06.More dressing room revolt. One point above the relegation zone.

:16:07. > :16:10.Officially the worst Premier League title defence. 20 points off the

:16:11. > :16:16.top. Leicester who beat them on Monday are top. 20 points ahead of

:16:17. > :16:20.Chelsea. You cannot buy your way out of trouble. Apparently he will not

:16:21. > :16:25.bring in new players in the transfer window. And is it breaking point?

:16:26. > :16:30.They have turned so many corners, they think, but they are going

:16:31. > :16:36.around in circles. Jose Mourinho, he used the word betrayed. He was

:16:37. > :16:42.talking about his players and how they applied his tactics. Cesc

:16:43. > :16:48.Fabregas says they are big players and half to behave like big players.

:16:49. > :16:51.We will hear more of what the Spaniard has to say. Scunthorpe will

:16:52. > :16:57.be heading to Stamford Bridge. They came through a second round FA Cup

:16:58. > :17:03.replay. Non-league Salford city went out. A great journey for them. What

:17:04. > :17:09.a mess at the rugby football union. Steve Borthwick, raising him, he is

:17:10. > :17:14.going to be Eddie Jones' first backroom appointment, the right-hand

:17:15. > :17:17.man for England. His current club Bristol said you should not be

:17:18. > :17:28.talking to him and he is contracted to stay with them.

:17:29. > :17:38.Unemployment fell by 110,000 between August and October to 1.71 million.

:17:39. > :17:40.We will be speaking to government minister Priti Patel for her

:17:41. > :17:43.for her reaction to those figures in a little while.

:17:44. > :17:47.You may not have heard about ASMR but type it into a search engine

:17:48. > :17:49.and you get more than 11 million responses,

:17:50. > :17:53.They are designed for relaxation and for many viewers can cause

:17:54. > :17:57.a distinctive and pleasurable tingling sensation in the head.

:17:58. > :18:00.Scientists are now investigating the phenomena of Autonomous Sensory

:18:01. > :18:03.Meridian Response in more depth, as Nick Higham has been

:18:04. > :18:26.Why not try watching a video before bed?

:18:27. > :18:51.What I'm watching is called an ASMR video.

:18:52. > :18:57.It stands for Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response.

:18:58. > :18:59.There are literally thousands of them online.

:19:00. > :19:08.At first sight, I have to admit they look a bit weird.

:19:09. > :19:16.Some of the most famous feature a woman folding towels.

:19:17. > :19:23.There are people pretending to be doctors and therapists.

:19:24. > :19:31.There are videos of people whispering.

:19:32. > :19:35.There are videos of people making scratching, crinkling

:19:36. > :19:41.Part of the secret is that the videos are recorded

:19:42. > :19:46.Listen on headphones, and you are immersed in the sound

:19:47. > :19:50.as it moves, rather spookily, around your head.

:19:51. > :19:53.Many people find these videos relaxing.

:19:54. > :19:55.They help them to sleep, wash away the stresses

:19:56. > :20:00.But in a lot of people, including me, they don't

:20:01. > :20:06.They produce an intensely pleasurable buzzing or tingling

:20:07. > :20:11.sensation in the head, that's quite unlike anything else.

:20:12. > :20:15.Now, I've been getting that sensation ever since I was a child,

:20:16. > :20:18.long before internet videos were invented.

:20:19. > :20:24.Emma is one of the UK's most popular makers of ASMR videos.

:20:25. > :20:30.She records them in her garden shed, puts them on YouTube had

:20:31. > :20:42.ASMR is a nice, relaxing, tingly feeling that usually starts

:20:43. > :20:46.in the crown of your head and works its way down your

:20:47. > :20:52.Sometimes it goes all the way through to the limbs.

:20:53. > :20:59.Many of her videos feature gentle sounds, like those made

:21:00. > :21:05.Sound is a common trigger for ASMR, along with whispering,

:21:06. > :21:08.and the sort of close personal attention you get from a visit

:21:09. > :21:21.Like many people who experience ASMR, until the internet came along,

:21:22. > :21:25.Emma had no idea that other people got it too.

:21:26. > :21:28.It was just an amazing feeling to know that there's a name for this

:21:29. > :21:32.thing that I've always experienced, and that other people

:21:33. > :21:38.Since then, I've found out that my brother experiences it,

:21:39. > :21:43.He used to call it the golden feeling, which I thought

:21:44. > :21:50.Maybe they don't experience ASMR themselves and so don't

:21:51. > :22:00.Or they look at the people who make these videos,

:22:01. > :22:03.many of whom are attractive, young women and assume the appeal

:22:04. > :22:09.Or they just dismiss the whole thing as a sort of New Age-y nonsense.

:22:10. > :22:10.But scientists are starting to get interested.

:22:11. > :22:13.At Sheffield University, I met four PhD students investigating ASMR.

:22:14. > :22:15.Three of the four discovered they all shared experience

:22:16. > :22:22.It is something that I've had for literally my whole life.

:22:23. > :22:24.It tends to be women, usually Eastern European,

:22:25. > :22:28.who have very soft-spoken voices, and they are telling

:22:29. > :22:35.And it's also the anticipation between certain words that really

:22:36. > :22:41.So it's almost the pauses between words.

:22:42. > :22:44.Just put that right on your diaphragm, and then I will attach

:22:45. > :22:49.We talked after they put me through the test they've devised

:22:50. > :22:52.to see what happens to people as they watch ASMR videos.

:22:53. > :22:55.I was connected to a monitor so they could measure my heart rate,

:22:56. > :23:03.What we're doing is showing ASMR videos and we're testing both people

:23:04. > :23:06.who know that they get ASMR, and those who know that they don't

:23:07. > :23:09.get ASMR, and we want to find out if there

:23:10. > :23:15.What really gave me the buzz was getting wired up

:23:16. > :23:20.Lots of people say that's just the sort of close personal attention

:23:21. > :23:23.This is itself stimulating the tingles.

:23:24. > :23:30.After that, the videos themselves were a bit of a let down.

:23:31. > :23:34.One, by Emma WhispersRed, I'd suggested myself.

:23:35. > :23:42.One, which wasn't meant to give me tingles, was by a man teaching me

:23:43. > :23:47.To be honest, none of them had much effect.

:23:48. > :23:51.You can see during the first video, which was the video that you chose,

:23:52. > :23:54.you can see that your heart rate increased slightly.

:23:55. > :23:57.One of the four students doesn't experience ASMR.

:23:58. > :24:00.That's Theresa, the woman actually running the tests,

:24:01. > :24:06.and she finds the videos, well, a bit creepy.

:24:07. > :24:09.They are kind of moving their hands slowly and touching things and then

:24:10. > :24:16.they have these whispery voices and they are folding towels.

:24:17. > :24:19.I mean, I can understand how that is relaxing,

:24:20. > :24:22.if you are at, say, a spa, but it is just a video,

:24:23. > :24:25.you are not really talking to another person, so why

:24:26. > :24:34.They tend to seem quite sexualised, because they often involve very

:24:35. > :24:39.beautiful women, getting very close to a camera, whispering.

:24:40. > :24:42.But the feeling is distinctly nonsexual.

:24:43. > :24:45.So people who have ASMR know it is not a sexual thing.

:24:46. > :24:55.That is one thing we are looking into in our study.

:24:56. > :24:58.Now, the Sheffield students aren't the only scientists to get

:24:59. > :25:01.A year ago, two psychologists at Swansea University published

:25:02. > :25:06.a paper on ASMR, and they think it could be good for your health.

:25:07. > :25:09.Dr Nick Davies was one of the study's authors.

:25:10. > :25:12.They found that ASMR videos do relax people,

:25:13. > :25:15.and might have a role to play in treating stress,

:25:16. > :25:21.We found that people's mood increased or improved during,

:25:22. > :25:28.So people who have low mood in their daily life would find

:25:29. > :25:32.a real benefit of watching an ASMR video.

:25:33. > :25:35.If you feel you're experiencing symptoms of depression,

:25:36. > :25:38.a persistent low mood, then absolutely you need to find

:25:39. > :25:42.professional help, but I think we all go through periods of stress

:25:43. > :25:46.and low mood and just feeling down, and I think this is something that

:25:47. > :25:51.could be used to treat yourself to a little "me time",

:25:52. > :25:58.like having a hot bath or going for a run.

:25:59. > :26:00.So, all those thousands of videos may be doing people good,

:26:01. > :26:08.Why does watching them make some people's head buzz?

:26:09. > :26:19.One day, maybe, they will work it out, and tell us.

:26:20. > :26:21.And to share that film and watch it again please head

:26:22. > :26:29.to our programme page bbc.co.uk/victoria.

:26:30. > :26:35.Coming up, I will be speaking to the Employment Minister Priti Patel on

:26:36. > :26:36.the latest UK job figures which have been released this morning.

:26:37. > :26:40.Pakistan is marking the first anniversary of an attack

:26:41. > :26:43.on a school, where more than 150 people died,

:26:44. > :26:46.A service has been held this morning at the army public school

:26:47. > :26:48.in Peshawar, where a memorial has been unveiled.

:26:49. > :27:18.The massacre was carried out by the Taliban.

:27:19. > :27:38.This is what used to be the school auditorium,

:27:39. > :27:40.and it's where Taliban gunmen walked in from this side,

:27:41. > :27:44.came up the steps and started shooting pupils inside

:27:45. > :28:02.It is when a normal school day turned into carnage.

:28:03. > :28:05.They were in the hall, they were firing and they were

:28:06. > :28:07.killing every student and every teacher.

:28:08. > :28:09.When he left the hall, we were seeing there

:28:10. > :28:14.We were so scared and we were shivering, and you can't think

:28:15. > :28:27.We don't like to talk about it, it hurts too much.

:28:28. > :28:31.No, I don't like to go to school now after the attack.

:28:32. > :28:46.Well, life seems to be going back to normal here in the public school,

:28:47. > :28:49.and watching the children play, it is very difficult to imagine only

:28:50. > :28:54.a year ago a massacre took place not very far from this playground.

:28:55. > :28:58.Despite the show of normality, the memories of that day hang over

:28:59. > :29:06.everyone and everything in the school.

:29:07. > :29:09.A teenager who was shot four times in the attacks hopes his treatment

:29:10. > :29:13.Thirteen-year-old Ibrahim Khan has been recuperating in Britain

:29:14. > :29:15.following extensive surgery in London.

:29:16. > :29:18.His treatment has been paid for by a Pakistani businessman

:29:19. > :29:37.TRANSLATION: I was shot four times, in the stomach, shoulder and back.

:29:38. > :29:40.After the fourth bullet, I passed out.

:29:41. > :29:47.I didn't know if I was dead or alive.

:29:48. > :29:50.They thought I had died, and put me next to the dead bodies,

:29:51. > :29:58.but a nurse felt my pulse and saved me.

:29:59. > :30:00.I can't sleep at night, I still have nightmares

:30:01. > :30:15.that the terrorists are coming to kill me.

:30:16. > :30:37.Let's talk now to our correspondent Shaimaa Kalil who is in Peshawar.

:30:38. > :30:46.It is quiet on the streets. All the roads leading up to the school have

:30:47. > :30:49.been closed. The school itself has been heavily fortified as students

:30:50. > :30:54.who survived the attack and families of those lost in the attack made

:30:55. > :30:58.their way onto the school premises and were greeted by military and

:30:59. > :31:04.civilian leadership. A year may have passed on this event but many of the

:31:05. > :31:08.students and the parents I have spoken to say they are reliving this

:31:09. > :31:14.every day and it is hard for them to move on from what happened. Quite a

:31:15. > :31:18.bit of criticism one year on from families who say they have not

:31:19. > :31:24.received enough support. The government maintains they have given

:31:25. > :31:28.families financial support, and some medical and psychological, but some

:31:29. > :31:33.families and even students, one said last year he was left to fend for

:31:34. > :31:37.himself and he was dealing with these emotions by himself with no

:31:38. > :31:44.support. You touched on the impact on families and students. Tell us

:31:45. > :31:50.how they feel, every day, going into that school. As much changed to make

:31:51. > :31:57.them feel more secure? It is really interesting. When we went in, it was

:31:58. > :32:05.a difficult feeling, going back, having been in the school the day

:32:06. > :32:09.after the attack. You can imagine children who lived through that

:32:10. > :32:14.incident, going back every day to the school, remembering friends

:32:15. > :32:18.they'd lost, and to be able to concentrate on studies, how

:32:19. > :32:22.difficult that could be. That has been the challenge for the students

:32:23. > :32:30.and teachers and for the families. Everything in that school, despite

:32:31. > :32:34.the fact the buildings have been refurbished, the auditorium turned

:32:35. > :32:37.into a library, but this does not take away from the fact this changed

:32:38. > :32:42.their lives for ever. One teacher who lost her son in the attack said

:32:43. > :32:46.the school feels like a graveyard and when she goes into the

:32:47. > :32:50.classrooms she misses the children she used to teach and in the staff

:32:51. > :32:56.room she misses the friends, the other teachers who died in that

:32:57. > :32:58.attack. That is tragic. What help are they getting by way of

:32:59. > :33:08.psychological help to get them through this? That is the key. Some

:33:09. > :33:16.students and teachers we saw today are still visibly winded and are

:33:17. > :33:20.receiving medical help. As many students tell us of having

:33:21. > :33:37.nightmares still, not being able to move on, finding it difficult --

:33:38. > :33:41.visibly wounded. The minister said the government is doing all it can

:33:42. > :33:45.to help the children but this is something they are dealing with for

:33:46. > :33:49.the first time, as well, and it will take time for the children and

:33:50. > :33:54.families to be out of the woods completely psychologically. Still

:33:55. > :34:03.dealing with the trauma of that day. Thank you.

:34:04. > :34:10.As doctors are told to show more respect for people who are dying, I

:34:11. > :34:19.will speak to two people who had bad experiences during the final months

:34:20. > :34:23.of their loved ones' lives. Let us know if you have been affected.

:34:24. > :34:28.We can talk about the latest employment figures which have come

:34:29. > :34:34.out in the last half-hour. Unemployment fell by 110,000

:34:35. > :34:41.according to the latest figures. The number of people out of work is 1.7

:34:42. > :34:46.million but there was an extra 4000 benefits claimants last month. We

:34:47. > :34:49.can bring in our economics correspondent, who can talk us

:34:50. > :34:54.through the figures. We will speak to the employment minister in a

:34:55. > :34:58.moment. Breakdown the figures. The biggest headline is the fact

:34:59. > :35:05.unemployment is lower than it has been at any time since 2006, a ten

:35:06. > :35:10.year low for unemployment, which is good news. The economic theory says

:35:11. > :35:15.when unemployment drops, the labour market gets tighter and it is harder

:35:16. > :35:17.for employers to find people and therefore they have to pay more to

:35:18. > :35:23.attract them to jobs. That does not appear to be happening stopped last

:35:24. > :35:28.time we had these figures, average earnings were rising by 2.5%,

:35:29. > :35:35.excluding bonuses. This time they are rising by 2.0%. That is not what

:35:36. > :35:40.theory says should happen when unemployment is dropping and the

:35:41. > :35:43.labour market gets tighter. That will be an interesting point for the

:35:44. > :35:51.government to consider. Anything else coming through in the figures?

:35:52. > :35:57.If you include bonuses, earnings rising by 2.4% and it is interesting

:35:58. > :36:01.how it informs the outlook for the Bank of England and adjusting

:36:02. > :36:05.interest rates. We expect to hear later today the US Federal Reserve

:36:06. > :36:10.is likely to raise interest rates today for the first time in nine

:36:11. > :36:14.years. It is a question for the bank of England as to whether they raise

:36:15. > :36:18.interest rates, possibly to slow down the economy if inflation takes

:36:19. > :36:22.off. One main figure they have been watching to determine upward

:36:23. > :36:28.pressures on inflation is average earnings. The theory has been we

:36:29. > :36:33.have had low inflation, even deflation this year, because we have

:36:34. > :36:37.had falling all prices. That will drop out of the equation, people

:36:38. > :36:41.want pay rises, which will put prices up because people will have

:36:42. > :36:46.two charge higher prices to cover wage bills. That has not happened.

:36:47. > :36:51.The projections last year, they don't appear in these numbers to

:36:52. > :36:55.come true. It means the likelihood of an early rising interest rates in

:36:56. > :37:00.the UK looks less than it was say before these numbers came out. When

:37:01. > :37:07.you say early, what is the potential time frame? There have been mixed

:37:08. > :37:11.messages even from the governor of the Bank of England. He among others

:37:12. > :37:15.is careful not to predict when interest rates will rise but to say

:37:16. > :37:18.some factors he will look at and other members of the Monetary Policy

:37:19. > :37:23.Committee will weigh in making the decision. The City is betting, even

:37:24. > :37:28.a quarter point rise in interest rates here in the UK, they bet you

:37:29. > :37:33.will not get that until the back half of next year. So perhaps a

:37:34. > :37:38.50-50 possibility according to the City that interest rates will rise

:37:39. > :37:43.in November next year. Some say they should rise sooner.

:37:44. > :37:45.in November next year. Some say they rates were designed for a time when

:37:46. > :37:51.the economy was in a pathological condition. A very poor condition,

:37:52. > :37:56.but many people think that is not the case and we should return back

:37:57. > :38:00.to normality. In order to justify that return, you have to have a sign

:38:01. > :38:07.that inflation is looking like it might head back to the Bank of

:38:08. > :38:10.England's target of 2%. We can talk to the employment minister in

:38:11. > :38:15.Westminster. Thank you for joining us. Let's talk about employment

:38:16. > :38:20.figures. They are down again, you must be happy to see that? We are

:38:21. > :38:26.ending the year with employment at a record high. We have figures that

:38:27. > :38:30.show we have more people in employment since 1971 and over the

:38:31. > :38:35.past year we have seen half a million more people in employment.

:38:36. > :38:43.That is a sign of a strong economy. Looking at wages growth, it seems to

:38:44. > :38:48.buck the trend that would be expected in that wages growth is

:38:49. > :38:53.going down. How do you explain that? We have seen wages increase over

:38:54. > :38:59.2.4% over the past year and on top of that we see more people in work,

:39:00. > :39:04.earning more money. But the rate of growth is slowing. At the same time,

:39:05. > :39:08.we will introduce the new national living wage next year. People will

:39:09. > :39:14.have more of their own money to keep and through decreases in...

:39:15. > :39:18.Increases in personal allowance, lower taxes, people are better off

:39:19. > :39:23.and more economic to secure. They can only have that through strong

:39:24. > :39:26.economic conditions we have had more secure employment prospects.

:39:27. > :39:31.Interest rates likely to go up in the US today. Is this country ready

:39:32. > :39:37.for a rise? Matters of interest rates are for the Bank of England.

:39:38. > :39:43.We will wait and see what comes out of the Federal Reserve today. It is

:39:44. > :39:47.worth reflecting we end the year with record levels of employment,

:39:48. > :39:53.more people in work than before. More young people and women in work.

:39:54. > :39:58.That is a sign of a strong economy. Going into next year we will have

:39:59. > :40:03.great policies coming to fruition, including additional childcare

:40:04. > :40:07.support for people going to work and the national living wage. The bank

:40:08. > :40:11.of England survey of household finances that the government

:40:12. > :40:15.austerity programme has weighed on household spending and is likely to

:40:16. > :40:24.continue to do so. When you look at the factors, low interest... Low oil

:40:25. > :40:28.prices, low interest rates, if either one changed, what impact

:40:29. > :40:33.could it have on an economy that looks to be finely balanced? Many of

:40:34. > :40:39.these decisions of the impact will be assessed by economists and the

:40:40. > :40:46.bank of England. It is fair to say inflation is low. It is zero. We see

:40:47. > :40:50.wage growth of 2.4% over the past year, which is significant. We have

:40:51. > :40:53.seen strong and consistent wage growth and people are better off,

:40:54. > :41:00.able to keep more money and spend more of their money through lower

:41:01. > :41:03.taxes. Importantly they have security of employment, which is

:41:04. > :41:07.what we have seen through the employment figures published today.

:41:08. > :41:12.We have more people in full-time work than before. We have more women

:41:13. > :41:17.and young people in work. We are ambitious as a government. We will

:41:18. > :41:23.not stand still, we want more people in work. We are aiming for another 2

:41:24. > :41:27.million people in work and the creation of more apprenticeships.

:41:28. > :41:33.Our policies are working towards that and to securing the economy for

:41:34. > :41:37.the long-term. We can bring you some breaking news about Donald Trump.

:41:38. > :41:44.Not about his presidential campaign or comments he has made, it is about

:41:45. > :41:49.his fight against an offshore wind farm project near to his Scottish

:41:50. > :41:59.golf resort. You might be aware of his investments in the golf resort.

:42:00. > :42:02.He has been fighting an offshore wind projects near to the resort and

:42:03. > :42:08.we hear he has lost the Supreme Court fight and we will bring you

:42:09. > :42:12.more if and when we get it. Also the long-awaited Star Wars film is here

:42:13. > :42:18.and I will be joined by cast members of the original films to discuss the

:42:19. > :42:22.secret behind its longevity. And no one has correctly guessed who the

:42:23. > :42:28.cast members are. It will be great to talk to them and have them in the

:42:29. > :42:38.studio. Are you a Star Wars fan? I can take it or leave it. Certainly

:42:39. > :42:44.not queueing up outside. It is Star Wars weather today. Temperatures are

:42:45. > :42:49.more akin to May the 4th, which is Star Wars day. Very mild in the UK.

:42:50. > :42:54.I will show you interesting pictures, a place that is normally

:42:55. > :42:58.mild in December, Sydney, they have had intense downpours, a big

:42:59. > :43:07.thunderstorm and reports of a tornado in Sydney.

:43:08. > :43:14.And hailstorms. You can see the intense rain. It is more about the

:43:15. > :43:20.wind. A super thunderstorm that moved up the coast of eastern

:43:21. > :43:28.Australia. Producing flash flooding and incredible wind speeds. Over 100

:43:29. > :43:34.mph. The damage you saw on the car is from a hailstone. Cricket ball

:43:35. > :43:39.sized. It is a pretty big storm. Australia is hot at this time of

:43:40. > :43:49.year and they get these storms but it is unusual to have this in a

:43:50. > :43:52.major city. It is such a sparsely, -- sparsely populated country, it is

:43:53. > :44:01.unusual to get it in the city. There is a hailstone.

:44:02. > :44:05.Back home, thankfully... It is too warm.

:44:06. > :44:12.It is almost Christmas. Temperatures have been and will be 16 degrees,

:44:13. > :44:16.maybe 17 Celsius, compared with the average, we asked six, 7 degrees

:44:17. > :44:21.above that. That is why it does not feel like December. He wanted to

:44:22. > :44:26.feel a bit like Christmas. The problem at the moment is the

:44:27. > :44:30.temperatures are caused by where the air is coming from. We are drawing

:44:31. > :44:34.up this wind from the south-west. Ringing warmth from the African

:44:35. > :44:38.coast. We will keep the south-westerly wind into the weekend

:44:39. > :44:43.and temperatures will stay above average. The wind bringing warmth

:44:44. > :44:50.and moisture, which is why there is a lot of cloud around. Do not expect

:44:51. > :44:54.a huge amount of sunshine. Some brightness today. Rain in the

:44:55. > :44:59.north-east of England. Drizzle around western hills and coasts.

:45:00. > :45:05.Foremost, the day will brighten up. For many, a dry afternoon. Staying

:45:06. > :45:10.and murky over the moors and in south-west England. Further east, I

:45:11. > :45:15.am hopeful skies will brighten and we might see weak sunshine but

:45:16. > :45:21.without it, temperatures still above average. Some patchy drizzle over

:45:22. > :45:24.the Highlands of Scotland. The north-east of Scotland might

:45:25. > :45:30.brighten up. We will have rain across Shetland. Temperatures here

:45:31. > :45:37.in single figures. Still above average for the time of year. It is

:45:38. > :45:43.worth emphasising the temperatures. Widely 13, 14. With some brightness

:45:44. > :45:49.it could possibly be 16, 17 degrees. Another mild night. The wind drawing

:45:50. > :45:54.up from the south and west. Some outbreaks of rain. Maybe sharp

:45:55. > :45:58.showers in the South for a time. More persistent rain coming into

:45:59. > :46:03.Scotland later in the night. It is all about the temperatures. Staying

:46:04. > :46:07.in double figures. Overnight temperatures higher than the average

:46:08. > :46:15.maximum. We will see a subtle change tomorrow. Any extra rain falling

:46:16. > :46:19.over flooded ground is not welcome. Not anticipated to be too many

:46:20. > :46:24.problems at this stage but it is worth watching. Eastern areas having

:46:25. > :46:32.a fine day. It will brighten up behind the band of rain. The band of

:46:33. > :46:38.rain is from a cold front. The air behind it is colder, but only

:46:39. > :46:44.slightly. Maybe fresher on Friday, but another area of low pressure.

:46:45. > :46:52.The warm wind continuing to blow our way. Through the weekend, 12, 13, 14

:46:53. > :46:56.Celsius. Outbreaks of rain and we have to keep an eye on that for the

:46:57. > :47:00.flooded areas. Even into Christmas week, it will be mild.

:47:01. > :47:01.Hello, it's Wednesday, it's ten o'clock.

:47:02. > :47:04.I'm Joanna Gosling in for Victoria, welcome to the programme if you've

:47:05. > :47:17.Doctors are told to show more respect for people who are dying and

:47:18. > :47:23.not to make snap decisions about their care. You have to be very

:47:24. > :47:30.careful and treat the person as they would like to be treated. I will be

:47:31. > :47:34.speaking to two women who say they had bad experiences of care during

:47:35. > :47:41.the last months of their parents' lives. Pakistan marks the

:47:42. > :47:48.anniversary of an attack on a school where more than 150 people died. The

:47:49. > :47:50.latest Star Wars movie premiers in London tonight. Will it live up to

:47:51. > :47:56.the hype? Doctors and nurses are being urged

:47:57. > :48:01.to treat dying patients as individuals rather than making

:48:02. > :48:03."snap decisions" about their care. The health watchdog NICE says staff

:48:04. > :48:06.in England need to move away from a "tick-box" approach

:48:07. > :48:19.to treatment at the end of people's It was necessary because I have to

:48:20. > :48:24.say up to now, Britain has not had any guidelines. This is the first

:48:25. > :48:31.set of guidelines for the NHS to follow for the care of dying adults.

:48:32. > :48:35.Some think that the Liverpool care pathway was a guideline. But it was

:48:36. > :48:40.a set of principles to take what was going on in hospices and tried to

:48:41. > :48:45.transplant those into busy hospital wards and home care settings and

:48:46. > :48:49.nursing homes, but it was not fully implemented. What the new guideline

:48:50. > :48:58.will be is embedding this directly into the NHS. Unemployment fell

:48:59. > :49:07.between 110,000 between August and October. The number of people out of

:49:08. > :49:13.work stands at 1.71 million. UK unemployment is now at its lowest

:49:14. > :49:17.level for nearly ten years. A service, including a two-minute

:49:18. > :49:21.silence, has been held in Pakistan to mark the first anniversary of a

:49:22. > :49:28.deadly Taliban attack on a school in Peshawar. 150 people died in the

:49:29. > :49:30.attack, including 132 children. Survivors and relatives

:49:31. > :49:33.Scotland's Finance Secretary, John Swinney, has promised

:49:34. > :49:36.to prioritise funding for hospitals, schools and policing when he unveils

:49:37. > :49:37.the Scottish Government's budget later today.

:49:38. > :49:40.For the first time he also has the option to set a separate income

:49:41. > :49:44.tax rate but it's expected he'll keep it in line with the rest

:49:45. > :49:59.The American billionaire and presidential candidate Donald Trump

:50:00. > :50:05.has lost an extreme court fight about the wind farm to be set next

:50:06. > :50:10.to his golf course in Scotland. He had argued the plans would spoil the

:50:11. > :50:12.view from his luxury cause, but the Supreme Court judges ruled against

:50:13. > :50:16.MPs will vote today on whether or not to give the green

:50:17. > :50:18.light for fracking to take place under National Parks

:50:19. > :50:22.It's expected that plans to allow the extraction of shale gas in these

:50:23. > :50:25.areas will be approved, so long as the drilling

:50:26. > :50:30.Critics have accused the government of a U-turn.

:50:31. > :50:33.And for many the wait is almost over and the Force will soon

:50:34. > :50:37.Star Wars: The Force Awakens, one of the most highly-anticipated

:50:38. > :50:40.cinema releases in recent years, is soon to reach UK cinema screens.

:50:41. > :50:43.Fans have been queuing throughout the night ahead of the premiere

:50:44. > :50:46.The red carpet has been rolled out and original cast members

:50:47. > :50:49.Harrison Ford, Carrie Fisher and Mark Hamill are set to reunite

:50:50. > :50:54.alongside a new generation of actors.

:50:55. > :51:02.Let's catch up with the sport now. Chelsea are in the headlines again

:51:03. > :51:07.and pressure on Jose Mourinho. 16 games into the season and

:51:08. > :51:11.Chelsea's title defence is the worst in Premier League history. Their

:51:12. > :51:17.defeat to leaders Leicester on Monday night leaves them one point

:51:18. > :51:21.above the relegation zone. That is the sort of form that get managers

:51:22. > :51:30.sacked. Jose Mourinho was playing the blame game when he described his

:51:31. > :51:35.players as betrayers of his tactics. Cesc Fabregas has been accused of

:51:36. > :51:39.whipping up a dressing room revolt and he said the club's players must

:51:40. > :51:44.justify their wages and behave like big players and all the players have

:51:45. > :51:48.to take responsibility. He says we must always be at the top of our

:51:49. > :51:53.games and the behaviour has to be better than what we are seeing now

:51:54. > :51:58.from every player. They are playing Sunderland last weekend which is

:51:59. > :52:01.being missed you busy described as a relegation game. Scunthorpe will be

:52:02. > :52:06.heading to Stamford Bridge next weekend in the FA Cup after they

:52:07. > :52:13.beat Leyton Orient last night. Also through our Shrewsbury and Walsall,

:52:14. > :52:17.but not Salford city. Their FA Cup run is over. They are part owned by

:52:18. > :52:22.five former Manchester United players and they went down 2-0 at

:52:23. > :52:29.Hartlepool. They pushed them all the way and they had the most chances.

:52:30. > :52:39.Scott pfennig's goal came against play,. It has been revealed John

:52:40. > :52:44.Colombo was virtually penniless when he died last month at the age of 40.

:52:45. > :52:49.It seems a combination of his generosity and his long-standing

:52:50. > :52:53.kidney illness led to him having no saving. The New Zealand rugby

:52:54. > :52:57.players Association has stepped in and established a trust fund to

:52:58. > :53:04.support his two sons who are six and five. We realised there would not be

:53:05. > :53:09.a financial windfall for the family to rely upon, so the players thought

:53:10. > :53:16.we needed to step up. We had offers of support from all around the world

:53:17. > :53:23.and it was fantastic. He was a special character, that is for sure.

:53:24. > :53:30.The thing that would have pleased him the most would have been to see

:53:31. > :53:37.him see the boys and 21. He wanted to see them go on and do special

:53:38. > :53:40.things. England are in a tug of war with Bristol over the services of

:53:41. > :53:44.their former captain Steve Borthwick. Head coach Eddie Jones

:53:45. > :53:49.wanted him as his assistant. They worked together in the World Cup

:53:50. > :53:56.with Japan. He starts his job as the forwards' coach today. Borthwick

:53:57. > :54:00.himself said he was excited by the opportunity, but Bristol say no

:54:01. > :54:05.agreement has been reached and he is in a long contract with them and

:54:06. > :54:12.they did not give the RFU permission to speak to him. I think a hefty

:54:13. > :54:14.compensation package could be on the way to Bristol. I will be back with

:54:15. > :54:16.all your headlines at half-past. I will be back with all your

:54:17. > :54:18.headlines at half-past. We're on BBC Two and the BBC

:54:19. > :54:23.News Channel until 11 this morning. We'll keep you across the latest

:54:24. > :54:34.breaking and developing stories. You have been getting in touch about

:54:35. > :54:39.the new guidelines to help in the treatment of those dying. One nurse

:54:40. > :54:44.says, we always addressed each patient as an individual. Today's

:54:45. > :54:48.report demonstrates how we have left key aspects of basic nursing

:54:49. > :54:54.practice in the -- to create an all graduate profession. It is about

:54:55. > :55:00.effective communication beam between doctors, nations and patients.

:55:01. > :55:04.Everything has to be done in the patient's best interest so that

:55:05. > :55:05.person can pass away with the utmost dignity and compassion.

:55:06. > :55:08.And as ever your comments are really welcome.

:55:09. > :55:10.Texts will be charged at the standard network rate.

:55:11. > :55:13.And of course you can watch the programme online wherever

:55:14. > :55:16.you are - via the bbc news app or our website bbc.co.uk/victoria

:55:17. > :55:19.and you can also subscribe to all our features on the news app,

:55:20. > :55:23.by going to add topics and searching Victoria Derbyshire.

:55:24. > :55:26.Doctors and nurses are being urged to treat dying patients

:55:27. > :55:28.as individuals rather than making "snap decisions" about their care.

:55:29. > :55:31.The health watchdog NICE says staff in England need to move away

:55:32. > :55:35.from a "tick-box" approach to treatment at the end

:55:36. > :55:41.The guidance is intended to address misuse of the previous system -

:55:42. > :55:44.the Liverpool Care Pathway - which left some patients heavily

:55:45. > :55:53.Denise Charlesworth-Smit's father died while on a end of life pathway

:55:54. > :55:55.and was denied fluids which the family did not know about.

:55:56. > :55:59.Kayleigh Hollobone's mother was put on a care pathway

:56:00. > :56:03.but was taken off it after Kayleigh complained.

:56:04. > :56:20.Thank you all for joining us. Denise, your dad Philip died after

:56:21. > :56:26.he went into hospital in January 2012 with pneumonia. You saw the

:56:27. > :56:31.Liverpool care pathway in action in his dying days. What did you think

:56:32. > :56:37.about it? We did not know that it was the Liverpool care pathway.

:56:38. > :56:42.Nobody explained anything to us. It was that which caused him to be

:56:43. > :56:48.heavily sedated and he had no food or fluids. What were the things that

:56:49. > :56:53.were worrying you? The thing that worried us was we had a phone call

:56:54. > :56:57.to say could we come up to see my dad because there had been an

:56:58. > :57:02.episode overnight. When we got there we asked for a discussion with a

:57:03. > :57:07.doctor and no doctor came to talk to us. We wanted to give our dad a

:57:08. > :57:11.drink because we were being offered a drink of tea and he was not

:57:12. > :57:16.allowed to have one. All he was allowed to do was to suck on a

:57:17. > :57:22.sponge. As far as I was concerned, it seemed barbaric. There was nobody

:57:23. > :57:28.around to help us, to answer our questions, and to find out what was

:57:29. > :57:34.happening. How distressing was that? Very distressing. Because we had

:57:35. > :57:38.come up in a flurry and we did not know what was happening, my mum and

:57:39. > :57:42.my brother had to go home because my mother did not have her medication

:57:43. > :57:48.with her. As a result I decided to stay with my father and within the

:57:49. > :57:52.hour they had left, he passed away right in front of me and it was

:57:53. > :57:56.extremely distressing to think that neither my brother nor my mum were

:57:57. > :58:05.able to say goodbye to my dad. That is something that I hold the NHS

:58:06. > :58:09.responsible for totally. Your mum died in 2012 when she was put on the

:58:10. > :58:15.Liverpool care pathway, but you got her taken of it. I was lucky because

:58:16. > :58:19.I had a good relationship with the nursing staff and everybody on the

:58:20. > :58:25.ward. We had a palliative care nurse visit and she wrote on my mother's

:58:26. > :58:32.note LCP and I noticed my mother was not getting any fluids. You did not

:58:33. > :58:38.know what LCP was? No, I did not. I did not know why she was not

:58:39. > :58:41.receiving fluids. She had radiotherapy and a brain tumour and

:58:42. > :58:45.her brain swelled and she was very tired and needed to recover from

:58:46. > :58:51.that. That is when we got the palliative care nurse visit and that

:58:52. > :58:55.is when the decision was made. It was not based on the judgment of how

:58:56. > :59:03.my mum had been, but based on one visit and it was a decision and I

:59:04. > :59:08.got it removed because I had built up a relationship with the nursing

:59:09. > :59:11.staff. On the basis of that position the judgment was taken that she had

:59:12. > :59:16.days to live and her treatment changed and you felt differently and

:59:17. > :59:21.she lived for a few more months. It was not three more months of being

:59:22. > :59:26.on machines, it was three more months of laughing, eating three

:59:27. > :59:32.meals a day, wanting her nails done, it was three months of my mum back

:59:33. > :59:38.again. Yes, we were in a nursing home, but after the decision was

:59:39. > :59:43.made, we got sent to a hospice where she was told she was too well to be

:59:44. > :59:47.there. From going from being told she was at the end of her life on

:59:48. > :59:52.the pathway, she was told she was too well to be in a hospice and

:59:53. > :59:58.moved into a nursing home and she carried on living for a few more

:59:59. > :00:02.months. When the decision was right to not treat her, that is when we

:00:03. > :00:08.made the decision, but it was not made for us. The Liverpool care

:00:09. > :00:14.pathway was designed to make people's dying days better. There

:00:15. > :00:18.are so many experiences of where things were not right. When you hear

:00:19. > :00:24.stories like this, what do you think?

:00:25. > :00:31.It is shocking every hear these stories. We know each other well and

:00:32. > :00:35.I have heard her story. The complexity of looking after people

:00:36. > :00:42.is what is often missing in health care these days. We are trained

:00:43. > :00:46.often, particularly Juniors, hospital processes, they are

:00:47. > :00:49.processed driven and do not notice the person and the complexities

:00:50. > :00:55.around what is happening. Communication is poor. Individuals

:00:56. > :01:02.coming in and rushing through and seeing someone, seeing a set of

:01:03. > :01:05.signs, numbers on a piece of paper, and jumping to a conclusion is a

:01:06. > :01:11.risk that has happened. The Liverpool Care Pathway was a set of

:01:12. > :01:15.guidelines. It was based on the way people were treated in their dying

:01:16. > :01:24.days in hospices, designed to be best practice. The problem is it

:01:25. > :01:29.does not matter how good it is, you will crash it. If it is not

:01:30. > :01:38.maintained and supporting that education alongside it, the time

:01:39. > :01:46.devoted, then there are problems. The team used to looking after her

:01:47. > :01:49.was not the team it seems made the decision about stopping treatments

:01:50. > :01:54.and starting the pathway. It seems to come down to something simple,

:01:55. > :02:01.communication between medical staff and the family. It is called being

:02:02. > :02:06.human. It is recognising people change, circumstances change.

:02:07. > :02:12.Everybody needs time to understand what is happening. They need to

:02:13. > :02:15.recognise where things are changing rapidly, or when maybe something is

:02:16. > :02:21.happening now but could be different in a day or two. What would have

:02:22. > :02:28.made a difference for your family? Are there simple changes that would

:02:29. > :02:35.have made things better? Yes, like he says, it is being human. Actually

:02:36. > :02:40.having the front to sit down and discuss with a family and explained

:02:41. > :02:45.what was happening to the person who was in the bed. We were denied any

:02:46. > :02:50.communication until after the event. That was the only time we found out,

:02:51. > :02:57.supposedly, what was wrong with my dad, which was wrong, incorrect. I

:02:58. > :03:04.have to say, listening to what Rob was saying about embedding it into

:03:05. > :03:08.the way of life and communication, I understand the communication budget

:03:09. > :03:14.for any NHS training is being cut. I also know that as far as

:03:15. > :03:20.communication is concerned, I am working with hospitals. I thought I

:03:21. > :03:25.might put my experience to good use. I am being snapped up by hospitals

:03:26. > :03:29.and discussing with them about this aspect of communication and still

:03:30. > :03:34.finding out that doctors are not having that communication with the

:03:35. > :03:39.patient or family, and it is actually a case of shying clear of

:03:40. > :03:44.it. They are saying things like they might not see Christmas. What does

:03:45. > :03:49.that mean? Does it mean the person will go blind? What are we talking

:03:50. > :03:56.about? It is communicating with the person as a person and explaining to

:03:57. > :04:01.them in proper words what is going to happen to them. That is where we

:04:02. > :04:07.were denied the opportunity to be with my dad as a family, because I

:04:08. > :04:14.know full well my mum and brother with not have gone home if they knew

:04:15. > :04:18.he had an hour before he died. Are the guidelines on something like

:04:19. > :04:24.this going to be helpful? When it comes down to human judgments and

:04:25. > :04:29.decisions. And different circumstances in cases. There is a

:04:30. > :04:33.danger with guidelines that people will enforce them as a set of rules.

:04:34. > :04:39.The useful thing about the guidance is it is collecting all the evidence

:04:40. > :04:44.together. It is shown clearly from what we know from the science as to

:04:45. > :04:50.what is the right way to approach. The headlines on that is for

:04:51. > :04:56.examples that just giving a person fluids, for the sake of it, is not

:04:57. > :05:01.necessarily a good thing. Equally, if somebody is thirsty or if you are

:05:02. > :05:05.concerned about whether they are not eating or drinking, you need to pay

:05:06. > :05:14.attention. And so her father should never... Someone should not be

:05:15. > :05:20.refused a cup of tea if they want it? Absolutely not. They are

:05:21. > :05:23.important things. It is the recognition that circumstances

:05:24. > :05:30.change and clinical things are complex. It is the drugs themselves

:05:31. > :05:34.that's will not kill people, what kills people is the disease and if

:05:35. > :05:39.you do not pay attention to the support of the person, for example,

:05:40. > :05:44.your mum, and think, it is possible there has been the consequence of

:05:45. > :05:49.treatment, just finished, as to why she is not well at the moment. There

:05:50. > :05:56.is not an active clinical assessment at least every day, if you're not

:05:57. > :06:01.sure what is going on, that is basic clinical skill, paying attention to

:06:02. > :06:04.the person in front of you. Not looking at x-rays, numbers. It is

:06:05. > :06:09.communicating with the family and asking, this is what mum is normally

:06:10. > :06:16.like? What do you think she would want to do now? Other things we need

:06:17. > :06:23.to talk about. Have you had conversations about these things?

:06:24. > :06:26.You did speak up. There were concerns. When you go through

:06:27. > :06:40.something like this it must be quite hard. Most people who go through

:06:41. > :06:43.that, the people who are not medically trained, you could

:06:44. > :06:48.possibly be agreeing to go down that pathway. It is a lot of pressure on

:06:49. > :06:54.a family. Especially with someone you love so much, you are not ready

:06:55. > :06:58.to make the decision, and that is where communication is strong, so

:06:59. > :07:02.they are informed before making a decision. The key thing is the

:07:03. > :07:09.seniority of staff doing the talking. The teams around. So it is

:07:10. > :07:18.not an individual decision or by a junior doctor. Can I just say

:07:19. > :07:24.something? That is not happening. I have to say, witnessing it,

:07:25. > :07:29.shadowing somebody who is in end of life care facilitator, I found out

:07:30. > :07:34.that the senior doctors are not having that conversation with the

:07:35. > :07:39.family and it is the end of life care facilitator that is having that

:07:40. > :07:47.conversation with the next of kin. I have to say, going back to the

:07:48. > :07:51.guidelines, the fact that one recommendation is, research into

:07:52. > :07:55.whether that person is actually dying, why have guidelines if you do

:07:56. > :07:59.not know the person is dying? It makes a farce of it and how long

:08:00. > :08:03.before these guidelines are ridiculed? Thank you for sharing

:08:04. > :08:10.your experiences and getting in touch. Stewart says why deny fluids

:08:11. > :08:17.for a dying person? It seems like torture. Anonymous, my boyfriend was

:08:18. > :08:21.dying in a hospital and I spent my last days with him and the staff

:08:22. > :08:27.were brilliant. We can bring you more on Donald Trump.

:08:28. > :08:31.candidate Donald Trump has lost a Supreme Court fight

:08:32. > :08:33.against an offshore wind farm project near his

:08:34. > :08:36.Scottish Government ministers approved proposals for an 11-turbine

:08:37. > :08:37.scheme off the Aberdeenshire coast in 2013.

:08:38. > :08:40.In the past few moments a spokesperson for the Trump

:08:41. > :08:42.Organisation says the decision shows the Scottish government's "foolish,

:08:43. > :08:49.small minded and parochial mentality".

:08:50. > :08:52.Let's return to the anniversary of the attack on a military

:08:53. > :08:56.More than 150 people died - 132 of them children.

:08:57. > :08:59.A service has been held this morning at the army public school

:09:00. > :09:03.in Peshawar, where a memorial has been unveiled.

:09:04. > :09:07.The massacre was carried out by the Taliban.

:09:08. > :09:10.Let's talk now to Ziauddin Yousafzai - his daughter Malala was shot

:09:11. > :09:13.by the Taliban in Pakistan in 2012 - she's now a Nobel Peace Prize Winner

:09:14. > :09:27.She is a world famous education activist.

:09:28. > :09:34.Let's talk now to Ziauddin Yousafzai.

:09:35. > :09:45.and presumably what happened in Peshawar resonates with your family

:09:46. > :09:54.right now? Yes, of course. We can understand the trauma of the parents

:09:55. > :10:00.and families which they have passed through since last year, because

:10:01. > :10:07.when my daughter was attacked, it was extremely difficult for bus. 132

:10:08. > :10:17.children, with their teachers. -- difficult for us. It was the

:10:18. > :10:22.blackest day in the history of Pakistan, because we cannot give any

:10:23. > :10:29.examples of a human savagery in the recent history. It was really

:10:30. > :10:33.difficult for all the families. That is why this day, the 16th of

:10:34. > :10:40.December, is commemorated in Pakistan. What is the best way to

:10:41. > :10:47.deal with this sort of act? This is a very good and important question.

:10:48. > :11:06.Last night, when we had a commemoration, Malala... Can you

:11:07. > :11:12.hear me? Unfortunately we lost you for a moment, but I have got you

:11:13. > :11:20.back. We will keep trying. Should I speak? Yes, perfect, thank you. Your

:11:21. > :11:27.question is important in the sense that you ask it, how can we deal

:11:28. > :11:37.with this issue? Last night we had a commemoration here. I must tell you,

:11:38. > :11:44.Malala told yes we have a national action plan to fight against

:11:45. > :11:55.terrorism, but there should be another operation. There is an

:11:56. > :12:04.operation, a military operation, and there should be an operation against

:12:05. > :12:12.terrorism. Our priority should be the quality education to eliminate

:12:13. > :12:18.terrorism and coercion of the mindset of the people. That is the

:12:19. > :12:25.only way we can restore peace, harmony and pleura listen to our

:12:26. > :12:36.society. Eusebio pen is mightier than the sword? -- you say?

:12:37. > :12:44.The opposition parties, the government of Pakistan... A national

:12:45. > :12:51.action plan. I mentioned an action plan has been written with the blood

:12:52. > :12:55.of the martyrs of Peshawar. We must be honest to the commitments we have

:12:56. > :13:02.made to the nation. We should, every year, commemorate this day. And see

:13:03. > :13:10.how much we have succeeded on different levels to combat against

:13:11. > :13:15.terrorists and to eliminate extremist ideology in our country.

:13:16. > :13:19.We appreciate your time this morning. We struggled at times to

:13:20. > :13:20.hear you because of a poor connection, but it is good to have

:13:21. > :13:28.your thoughts. Thank you. Doctors and nurses are being urged

:13:29. > :13:30.to treat dying patients as individuals rather than making

:13:31. > :13:32."snap decisions" about their care. The guidelines from health watchdog

:13:33. > :13:35.NICE says staff in England need to move away from a "tick-box"

:13:36. > :13:44.approach to treatment at the end Charities and health care

:13:45. > :13:50.professionals welcome the guidelines. The complexity of

:13:51. > :13:57.looking after people is what is missing often in health care these

:13:58. > :14:01.days. We are trained often, particularly juniors and hospital

:14:02. > :14:04.processes are processed riff on and they do not notice the person and

:14:05. > :14:05.complexities around what is happening.

:14:06. > :14:07.Unemployment fell by 110,000 between August and October official

:14:08. > :14:14.The number of people currently out of work stands at 1.7 million.

:14:15. > :14:18.This compares to a 1.75 million the previous month.

:14:19. > :14:21.At 5.2% UK unemployment is now at it's lowest level

:14:22. > :14:27.A service, including a two minute silence,

:14:28. > :14:29.has been held in Pakistan to mark the first anniversary

:14:30. > :14:31.of the devastating Taliban attack on a school in Peshawar.

:14:32. > :14:37.150 killed people died in the attack including 132 children.

:14:38. > :14:40.Survivors and relatives attended the ceremony where a memorial

:14:41. > :14:47.Scotland's Finance Secretary, John Swinney, has promised

:14:48. > :14:49.to prioritise funding for hospitals, schools and policing when he unveils

:14:50. > :14:52.the Scottish Government's budget later today.

:14:53. > :14:55.For the first time he also has the option to set a separate income

:14:56. > :14:58.tax rate but it's expected he'll keep it in line with the rest

:14:59. > :15:18.Donald Trump has lost a Supreme Court fight against a wind farm near

:15:19. > :15:23.his golf resort. Donald Trump argued the plans would spoil the view from

:15:24. > :15:28.his luxury golf course but supreme court judges ruled against him.

:15:29. > :15:30.MPs will vote today on whether or not to give the green

:15:31. > :15:32.light for fracking to take place under National Parks

:15:33. > :15:37.It's expected that plans to allow the extraction of shale gas in these

:15:38. > :15:39.areas will be approved, so long as the drilling

:15:40. > :15:52.Critics have accused the government of a U-turn.

:15:53. > :15:57.Star Wars fans have been queueing through the night ahead of the

:15:58. > :16:02.latest Star Wars film tonight. Original cast members Harrison Ford

:16:03. > :16:03.and Carrie Fisher are set to be reunited alongside a new generation

:16:04. > :16:24.of actors. There is an awful lot of speculation

:16:25. > :16:28.about what has been going on at Chelsea. In the last 24 hours at the

:16:29. > :16:34.Chelsea owner Roman Abramowitz has led to discussions with the club's

:16:35. > :16:38.hierarchy about just how the champions can turn things around.

:16:39. > :16:43.Naturally, as part of those talks Jose Mourinho's position did come

:16:44. > :16:49.up. They are one point above the relegation zone and his future is in

:16:50. > :16:54.question, despite the public backing given to him by the owner earlier

:16:55. > :17:00.this season. Things have been going from bad to worse. This was not an

:17:01. > :17:03.emergency board meeting. When a decision comes on

:17:04. > :17:08.emergency board meeting. When a future, like the first time, it will

:17:09. > :17:12.come directly from the owner. Roman Abramowitz has taken soundings from

:17:13. > :17:16.inside the dressing room in the past from the likes of John Terry, the

:17:17. > :17:20.senior players. The manager's relationship with them is under

:17:21. > :17:25.strain and Jose Mourinho blamed them for betraying his work on Monday

:17:26. > :17:31.night on that defeat to Leicester, for not following his tactics. It is

:17:32. > :17:35.impossible to put a timeline on his future, but they have a match coming

:17:36. > :17:40.up against Sunderland, one of the few clubs below them in the Premier

:17:41. > :17:47.League. It is being described as a relegation game. Will he be around

:17:48. > :17:51.this weekend? Probably, but there are bullet points to look forward

:17:52. > :17:56.to, like their return to the Champions League in February. But

:17:57. > :18:03.certainly those discussions have taken place and Jose Mourinho's

:18:04. > :18:06.position has been discussed. Lots of you getting in touch about the

:18:07. > :18:12.conversation on end of life treatment and new guidelines. Robin

:18:13. > :18:18.on Twitter says, I am a nurse and have experience wonderful palliative

:18:19. > :18:22.care. The Liverpool pathway did help to cut down on unnecessary

:18:23. > :18:26.interventions. Lady says my dad received the best care by the

:18:27. > :18:30.palliative care nursing team. We were fully informed and we were

:18:31. > :18:35.asked at all times where we happy with that's care. I could not praise

:18:36. > :18:49.the team enough. Keep your comments coming in.

:18:50. > :18:52.British astronaut Tim Peake is spending his first full day

:18:53. > :18:53.on the International Space Station today.

:18:54. > :18:55.He arrived yesterday evening with his two crew mates

:18:56. > :18:58.after a six-hour journey from Earth in the Soyuz rocket,

:18:59. > :19:01.to a warm greeting from the three astronauts who are already

:19:02. > :19:22.Hello, Tim, it is mum. Hello, ma'am. I think you would call today a

:19:23. > :19:24.spectacular day in the office. I think we had a great time in the

:19:25. > :19:34.office, that is for sure. During his six months

:19:35. > :19:36.orbiting the planet, Tim Peake will share his cramped

:19:37. > :19:39.quarters on the space station with five other astronauts,

:19:40. > :19:41.from Russia and the United States. The whole station is only a little

:19:42. > :19:44.bit bigger than a football pitch and Major Peake's bed will be

:19:45. > :19:47.a sleeping bag strapped to the wall. I'm joined now by Captain

:19:48. > :19:49.Michael Davis-Marks, a former Royal Navy submarine

:19:50. > :20:00.commander, who spent up to three You are used to cramped conditions

:20:01. > :20:07.with no natural daylight. What is it like? Good morning. The last time I

:20:08. > :20:13.went to an International Space Station was some time ago, so it has

:20:14. > :20:20.probably changed. Life on a submarine is a unique experience,

:20:21. > :20:24.but not six people, we have got 120 in a modern-day nuclear powered

:20:25. > :20:28.submarine and we can be a way for five months at a time, so there are

:20:29. > :20:33.many similarities as well. The biggest difference is the inability

:20:34. > :20:40.to talk to people back at home. I am guessing that Tim will be allowed a

:20:41. > :20:46.daily phone call home, or a video link home, but in a submarine that

:20:47. > :20:51.is not possible. We don't see them for months on end. What about being

:20:52. > :20:57.in such close quarters with a group of people, some of whom you may not

:20:58. > :21:02.get on with? What is it like? That is a good question and in my humble

:21:03. > :21:08.opinion it comes down to three factors which are professionalism,

:21:09. > :21:11.teamwork and tolerance. On the professional front the training in

:21:12. > :21:15.the Royal Navy and in the submarine service and in the British Armed

:21:16. > :21:21.Forces generally, and Major Tim has had some of that, is second to none,

:21:22. > :21:24.it is world-class. It teaches you about how to get on with other

:21:25. > :21:33.people in the submarine and in close quarters. Property were prospective,

:21:34. > :21:39.life is all about learning to work as a team player and team manager,

:21:40. > :21:45.so working as a team is important. That applies anyway, but it is acute

:21:46. > :21:50.in space stations and submarines. The last bit about tolerance is all

:21:51. > :21:53.about knowing we are all human beings and we all have our foibles

:21:54. > :21:59.and it is being tolerant of other people. Professionalism, teamwork

:22:00. > :22:06.and tolerance are important wherever you may be, be it under the water or

:22:07. > :22:09.in space. Being cooped up might make you go stir crazy, you need a change

:22:10. > :22:14.of scene sometimes, but you cannot get that in the space station or in

:22:15. > :22:20.a submarine. How do you keep your mind focused and not start to feel

:22:21. > :22:26.that you are going stir crazy? That comes down to the professionalism

:22:27. > :22:30.because you have got a job to do. Neither submarines nor space

:22:31. > :22:35.stations carry passengers. You are there because you are doing a job

:22:36. > :22:41.and you are pretty busy. Running a submarine underwater for months on

:22:42. > :22:47.end is a 24-hour a day job, it is seven days a week, 365 days. It does

:22:48. > :22:53.not go to sleep at night, it does not weekends. You are pretty busy

:22:54. > :22:59.all the time and be has a way of focusing the mind and not letting

:23:00. > :23:00.you get distracted by minor issues. Thank you very much. You are

:23:01. > :23:05.welcome. Former Prime Minister Sir John Major

:23:06. > :23:07.has said the UK should stay in the European Union -

:23:08. > :23:10.regardless of how David Cameron's Tomorrow the Prime Minister attends

:23:11. > :23:14.a summit of all the EU's leaders in Brussels

:23:15. > :23:31.where he will continue This is an issue that divides the

:23:32. > :23:37.Conservative Party and no one knows more than that and John Major back

:23:38. > :23:42.when he was the leader and when he had his own problems. All the focus

:23:43. > :23:45.now is on Thursday evening. David Cameron is going to Brussels and

:23:46. > :23:50.there will be a two hour working dinner when he puts the changes he

:23:51. > :23:56.wants to the other leaders. They are not going to any documents to get to

:23:57. > :24:00.the end of a negotiating position, but they will have a free ranging

:24:01. > :24:06.discussion about some of the things he is asking for and the most

:24:07. > :24:09.contentious of those is about migration across Europe. David

:24:10. > :24:15.Cameron is under pressure from his own side to take back control of the

:24:16. > :24:20.UK's borders. John Major said he said people should not necessarily

:24:21. > :24:21.regard Thursday as high noon, there was a bigger, broader picture to

:24:22. > :24:23.look at. If there was anyone

:24:24. > :24:25.in the United Kingdom who really ought to be anti-European

:24:26. > :24:27.and thoroughly frustrated with them I did after all say no to the euro

:24:28. > :24:34.currency in the early 90s, I said no to the single market

:24:35. > :24:38.and I said no to joining Schengen I am scept ale of a great deal

:24:39. > :24:42.of European Union policy, but flirting with leaving

:24:43. > :24:46.at a moment when the whole world is coming together seems

:24:47. > :25:02.to me toe very dangerous This was one of the strongest case

:25:03. > :25:06.is being made by a senior figure, for the campaign to stay in the EU.

:25:07. > :25:11.It feels it has not got going yet because we do not have a date for

:25:12. > :25:16.the referendum. So John Major is saying very interesting things and

:25:17. > :25:21.he raised the prospect of the UK breaking up potentially if we were

:25:22. > :25:25.to leave the EU. Scotland would hold another referendum and bowed to

:25:26. > :25:29.leave the UK. He said we should not think that leaving the EU would be

:25:30. > :25:34.the answer to immigrate numbers coming down. He also said it would

:25:35. > :25:40.not necessarily be the case we would be allowed to trade freely with our

:25:41. > :25:44.former EU partners. An acrimonious break-up between partners never

:25:45. > :25:51.leads to great negotiations. An interesting intervention today by

:25:52. > :25:56.Sir John Major. Much would you be prepared to pay for a ticket to see

:25:57. > :25:58.your favourite superstar? Elton John is the latest to say to his fans not

:25:59. > :26:01.to pay over the odds. Star Wars fans will descend

:26:02. > :26:04.on Leicester Square in London for the premiere of the latest

:26:05. > :26:06.instalment tonight. The Force Awakens had its world

:26:07. > :26:09.premiere in Los Angeles two nights ago, but the plot has been

:26:10. > :26:12.a closely guarded secret. Reviews were only allowed to be

:26:13. > :26:14.published a couple of hours The film is the seventh

:26:15. > :26:17.in the series and is set to open in cinemas

:26:18. > :26:20.here in the UK from Thursday. Lets get a flavour of

:26:21. > :27:19.what the fans will see. One fan in LA was lucky enough to

:27:20. > :27:24.get to see the film and I spoke to her earlier. I think we were numb. I

:27:25. > :27:29.felt like I was in shock. It did not seem like it was really happening

:27:30. > :27:36.and people around me were telling me it was happening. We sat in the

:27:37. > :27:41.Chinese theatre, so we were not with the celebrities, but we were with a

:27:42. > :27:46.group of Star Wars fans. There was a stage presentation and it started,

:27:47. > :27:49.we did not have trailers or anything. It was a roller-coaster

:27:50. > :27:58.ride from the lights going out and then going on. Did it live up to

:27:59. > :28:02.expectations? It did. It surprised me. I went in there expecting to be

:28:03. > :28:08.connected with the cast I grew up with, like wanting to know what

:28:09. > :28:13.happened to Harrison Ford, but within a few minutes all I cared

:28:14. > :28:17.about was what happened to Ridley and John. I am so excited for them

:28:18. > :28:25.because they did wonderfully. From the minute they came on stream, all

:28:26. > :28:29.I cared about was them. You said it was so exciting, you almost find it

:28:30. > :28:36.so difficult to relax. Did you relax? Towards the end I had no

:28:37. > :28:41.sense of time. When it was over I was surprised because it seemed like

:28:42. > :28:48.20 minutes. I turned to my friend and said, is this two hours? She

:28:49. > :28:50.said, I think so. I am coming down and I am getting excited to see it

:28:51. > :28:55.I am coming down and I am getting excited to see it again on Thursday.

:28:56. > :28:57.Let's talk now to two people who are a part

:28:58. > :29:01.Femi Taylor starred in the Return of the Jedi.

:29:02. > :29:03.And Nick Joseph appeared in A New Hope.

:29:04. > :29:13.I am not sure if the cameras can pick up your socks, but you are a

:29:14. > :29:25.big fan. I am. Tell us what point you played in the originals. I was

:29:26. > :29:34.the first dancer who escaped. I danced and then I got killed. And

:29:35. > :29:40.that is you? Yes, that is me. At the time did you know what a phenomenon

:29:41. > :29:43.and it would go on to become? I had an inkling, but we did not know how

:29:44. > :29:48.much of a phenomenon and it was going to be until the special

:29:49. > :29:56.editions came out. But I knew I was fortunate to get that part. And this

:29:57. > :30:03.is a clue as to what your role was in the original? This is the metal I

:30:04. > :30:15.carried in the movie. What was your part? I was a medal bearer and my

:30:16. > :30:25.character's name was quite strange. Try saying it with a few beers. He

:30:26. > :30:28.was a good friend of Hans Solo. They rescued him from the slave ship and

:30:29. > :30:34.from then onwards he was a good friend for evermore.

:30:35. > :30:43.Is it fair to say that quite small parts then has effectively defined

:30:44. > :30:56.your life? Yes, it has. Everywhere I go, in the world, wherever, America,

:30:57. > :31:01.wherever, people know who you are. That is me in the centre. You go off

:31:02. > :31:05.to the conventions and meet the fans? Yes, we have just come back

:31:06. > :31:13.from the biggest in the world, in Manchester. It was fantastic. We had

:31:14. > :31:19.27,000 people turning up. People snapping up the replicas of your

:31:20. > :31:24.medal. You have made it your lifestyle? Absolutely. I sold a

:31:25. > :31:28.whole lot in one day. My wife said you idiot, we should have bought

:31:29. > :31:36.more! It is big business. That was something that was actually quite

:31:37. > :31:40.unusual in the first movie, that the director saw the potential of

:31:41. > :31:44.merchandising? I don't think everybody in the movie really

:31:45. > :31:49.understood how big this was going to be. If we did, I think we would have

:31:50. > :31:59.asked for more money. Maybe taken some souvenirs! I did not make

:32:00. > :32:07.anything! I was asked to go back 14 years later to reprieve is my part.

:32:08. > :32:15.If I had taken the chain or shoes, I would have been stuck -- reprise. A

:32:16. > :32:19.lot of people ask if I took anything and I say no, this is the reason

:32:20. > :32:28.why. The original medal your replica is made of his worth what? 2.5 up to

:32:29. > :32:32.?3 million. Who owns that? George Lucas. He has everything. All the

:32:33. > :32:38.memorabilia is owned by George Lucas. He said he did not make much

:32:39. > :32:47.from directing the movies, but from the merchandise. What he made out of

:32:48. > :32:52.the movie, now, the movie is owned by Disney. What he makes now is on

:32:53. > :32:58.the memorabilia. How did you feel, watching the new trailer? Do you get

:32:59. > :33:04.goose bumps? Yes. It is so exciting. We cannot wait. It seems like it

:33:05. > :33:11.will be true to the original three stories. I feel super excited it is

:33:12. > :33:20.out now. When will you see it? This evening. Probably next week. I have

:33:21. > :33:26.to go to Germany. How do you see it this evening? It starts at 12

:33:27. > :33:32.o'clock. I am losing track. I thought it opened on Thursday. You

:33:33. > :33:40.will be going to the first screening? As of midnight tonight.

:33:41. > :33:45.Have you booked a ticket? No. Do you reckon you will get in? What I am

:33:46. > :33:51.doing is going to the cinema first to sign autographs and I shall go in

:33:52. > :33:55.afterwards. It would be rude not to let you in. Don't tell everybody.

:33:56. > :34:00.Your career has taken a different turn and you are an interior

:34:01. > :34:05.designer. Yet this is an important part of your life? It is. Again

:34:06. > :34:12.because I went back to redo the part. It catapulted the character

:34:13. > :34:18.into iconic status. I go to conventions and meet the fans, which

:34:19. > :34:23.is fantastic. I travel, I get some me time. Because a dancer's life is

:34:24. > :34:28.short I wanted to do something else and went back to interior design

:34:29. > :34:33.school and trained will stop what is it about the original that makes

:34:34. > :34:35.school and trained will stop what is people so passionate? Looking back

:34:36. > :34:39.there is nostalgia and when you revisit something that was a beloved

:34:40. > :34:48.part of your childhood, it does not quite live up to your memories of

:34:49. > :34:51.it, how do you see it? When you do a movie, you never know how it will

:34:52. > :34:59.turn out. It is just another job when you go into it. Like Star Wars,

:35:00. > :35:05.it took off when it first came out. We started again. People saying, I

:35:06. > :35:12.think we better do a convention and you get invited to conventions.

:35:13. > :35:20.People who organise conventions, they go through a thing called

:35:21. > :35:22.sci-fi convention signers, where all the actors from Star Wars and sci-fi

:35:23. > :35:28.can be picked up by the organisers. the actors from Star Wars and sci-fi

:35:29. > :35:36.The guy who runs it, Rick Stanley, is great. He has this sorted out. We

:35:37. > :35:41.go wherever we are asked to go. You never tire of meeting fans? It is

:35:42. > :35:45.great, absolutely great. Enjoy the movie tonight.

:35:46. > :35:47.Sir Elton John has strongly criticised secondary ticket websites

:35:48. > :35:49.for selling seats for his shows at vastly inflated prices.

:35:50. > :35:52.He has joined the growing campaign against the practice -

:35:53. > :35:54.which is backed by some of the world's biggest entertainers.

:35:55. > :35:58.Tickets for Sir Elton's UK tour next year have been on sale at up to five

:35:59. > :36:01.times the face value on some sites, despite not being sold out.

:36:02. > :36:07.The singer has urged people not to pay.

:36:08. > :36:10.I think it's disgraceful and I just wish they wouldn't do it.

:36:11. > :36:15.I think it's extortionate and it's disgraceful.

:36:16. > :36:18.The fact that they were willing to pay that is fantastic but I'd

:36:19. > :36:24.rather they saved their money and not come.

:36:25. > :36:30.Mark Savage can tell us more. He does not want people to buy the

:36:31. > :36:35.tickets but sometimes it is the only way to get them. Not in this case

:36:36. > :36:40.because the tour has not sold out. When tickets go on sale there are

:36:41. > :36:45.professional resellers as they preferred to call themselves who

:36:46. > :36:49.harvest tickets from faces like Ticketmaster and immediately push

:36:50. > :36:55.them through to secondary sites. -- places. What is the best thing?

:36:56. > :37:01.There are a couple of places you can go if the tour sells out and you

:37:02. > :37:06.want to get in you can go to Scarlet Mist, where tickets are sold by fans

:37:07. > :37:13.to other fans with not much of a mark-up where what I have seen this

:37:14. > :37:19.morning is tickets for his show is sold for ?89 being advertised at

:37:20. > :37:25.?500. And they are selling? This is what the secondary site says, that

:37:26. > :37:31.the prices, ?500, ?1000, they do not actually sell. I have discovered if

:37:32. > :37:36.you wait until 48 hours before, often the prices tumbled. If you are

:37:37. > :37:42.prepared to wait, you can get into a show cheaper than the secondary

:37:43. > :37:45.advertising. Like in the old days if you hung around outside the venue

:37:46. > :37:51.you could get in cheap off a man in the street. One person said they

:37:52. > :37:55.would pay over the odds to see their favourite performer, she and her

:37:56. > :37:59.sister are Madonna fans. She says she is seeing her tonight in

:38:00. > :38:05.Birmingham, not saying how much was paid for the ticket. Is anything

:38:06. > :38:10.being done to stop ticket touts exploiting the system? There is a

:38:11. > :38:13.government consultation that ended in November. Mumford and Sons have

:38:14. > :38:18.pressured the government to extend the consultation deadlines and

:38:19. > :38:24.people can write in until the end of the week to say they want a stop to

:38:25. > :38:29.this. Many want a law saying only 10% can be added to the face value

:38:30. > :38:33.if the ticket is resold. I did not see it happening but if there is

:38:34. > :38:38.pressure I am sure they will reconsider it. Elton John, speaking

:38:39. > :38:42.out like this, will it make a difference? Possibly, if you can get

:38:43. > :38:44.a phone call to President Putin, maybe he can have influence with the

:38:45. > :38:52.Department of culture! Many of you getting in touch about

:38:53. > :38:57.the guidelines ensuring that care is tailored to the needs of dying

:38:58. > :39:01.patients. One person said their mother-in-law was treated perfectly.

:39:02. > :39:04.They requested no food and fluid intake. Additionally to sipping

:39:05. > :39:11.water they did not want to extend her time waiting to die. They were

:39:12. > :39:16.in consultation with the family. Barbara said if members of the

:39:17. > :39:22.family were allowed to remain problems would be minimised or

:39:23. > :39:26.removed. The patient's discomforts relieved and nurses left to get on

:39:27. > :39:31.with less demand from the dying person. Jane says, I am a nurse and

:39:32. > :39:36.we respect families and relatives and do our best to keep them

:39:37. > :39:40.informed, we also hope to care for the dying patient with respect and

:39:41. > :39:46.dignity. One bereaved daughter warned some hospitals are still not

:39:47. > :39:51.getting it right. Actually, doctors are not having that communication

:39:52. > :39:56.with the patients or families, and it is a case of shying clear of it.

:39:57. > :40:00.They are saying things like they might not see Christmas. What does

:40:01. > :40:06.that mean? Does it mean they will go blind? What are we talking about?

:40:07. > :40:10.Actually communicating with the person as a person and explaining to

:40:11. > :40:18.them in proper words what is going to happen to them. That is where we

:40:19. > :40:23.were denied. The opportunity to be with my dad as a family. I know full

:40:24. > :40:31.well my mum and brother would never have gone home if they knew he only

:40:32. > :40:36.had hour before he died. Guidelines on something like this, will they

:40:37. > :40:41.ever be helpful when it comes down to human judgments and decisions,

:40:42. > :40:47.and different circumstances? There is always a danger people will

:40:48. > :40:51.enforce guidelines effectively as rules. Absolutely. The useful thing

:40:52. > :40:57.about the guidance is it has collected evidence and it has shown

:40:58. > :41:02.clearly from what we know from the science as to what is the right way

:41:03. > :41:09.to approach things. The headlines on that is for example that just giving

:41:10. > :41:14.a person fluids for the sake of it is not necessarily a good thing, but

:41:15. > :41:18.equally, if someone is thirsty, or if you are concerned about whether

:41:19. > :41:23.they are not eating or drinking, you need to pay attention to that. And

:41:24. > :41:27.so her father should never have been like that, someone should not be

:41:28. > :41:32.refused a cup of tea if they want it? Absolutely not. When you think

:41:33. > :41:41.your loved one is about to die, it must be hard. Most people who go

:41:42. > :41:45.through that, they might not be medically trained, and to have that

:41:46. > :41:50.discussion and make a decision where you could possibly be agreeing to go

:41:51. > :41:55.down that path way, that is a lot of pressure on a family. Especially

:41:56. > :42:00.someone you love so much, you are not ready to make that decision.

:42:01. > :42:05.That is where communication is strong so they are informed before

:42:06. > :42:11.making a decision. The key thing is the seniority of staff doing the

:42:12. > :42:18.talking and teams around. It is not an individual decision. Actually

:42:19. > :42:20.shadowing someone who is an end of life care facilitator, I found out

:42:21. > :42:25.that the senior doctors life care facilitator, I found out

:42:26. > :42:29.having that conversation with the family and it is the end of life

:42:30. > :42:34.care facilitator having the conversation with the family. I have

:42:35. > :42:43.to say going back to the guidelines, the fact that one recommendations is

:42:44. > :42:48.research into whether or not that person is dying, why have a set of

:42:49. > :42:51.guidelines if you do not know the person is dying? It makes a farce of

:42:52. > :42:58.it and how long before these guidelines are ridiculed?

:42:59. > :43:08.A lot of you getting in touch on this. One says my Nan responded

:43:09. > :43:13.better to enter flight path waving chemicals injected into her. Another

:43:14. > :43:17.says their relative to ten days to die. Palliative care is inhumane and

:43:18. > :43:23.I feel guilty for not speaking up. And another, tick box culture should

:43:24. > :43:30.go and the health service run as a public service and not a business.

:43:31. > :43:36.Another, why are people obsessed with prolonging the agony? Simon

:43:37. > :43:41.said his mum died a couple of months ago and spent the last couple of

:43:42. > :43:47.weeks while suffering from cancer, I was bowled over by the quality of

:43:48. > :43:56.care by doctors and nurses and finesse sensitive approach to end of

:43:57. > :43:58.life care. Thank you to use of your comments. If you are seeing Star

:43:59. > :44:00.Wars tonight, enjoy.