05/01/2016

:00:09. > :00:11.Hello, welcome to the programme, we're on BBC 2 and the BBC

:00:12. > :00:21.Coming up, a 32-year-old dad of four who used to sell bouncy castles

:00:22. > :00:24.in London is believed to be the British man who appears

:00:25. > :00:26.in the latest propaganda video by so-called Islamic State.

:00:27. > :00:29.We'll tell you what's known so far about Siddhartha Dhar who spoke

:00:30. > :00:39.When I look to Britain and can speak as an ex-Muslim on issues like

:00:40. > :00:45.smoking, music and a society which is largely based on unity,

:00:46. > :00:46.pornography, it's not something any practising Muslim would enjoy living

:00:47. > :00:47.under. Also today, can drugs really make

:00:48. > :01:01.you smarter, more productive, Compare it to a camera that's in

:01:02. > :01:03.focus and a camera that's not. Right now everything feels sharp and

:01:04. > :01:05.before it was blurry. And later, the moment a blind woman

:01:06. > :01:09.sees for the first time in 16 years Hello, welcome to the programme,

:01:10. > :01:24.we're on BBC 2 and the BBC Throughout the programme we'll bring

:01:25. > :01:29.you the latest breaking news and developing stories

:01:30. > :01:32.and as always we're keen to hear from you on all the stories we're

:01:33. > :01:37.covering this morning. You can watch the programme online

:01:38. > :01:40.wherever you are via the bbc news app or our website

:01:41. > :01:43.bbc.co.uk/Victoria and you can also subscribe to all our features

:01:44. > :01:46.on the news app, by going to add topics and searching

:01:47. > :01:47.Victoria Derbyshire. It seems so simple, a drug that

:01:48. > :01:50.can make you smarter, improve your memory,

:01:51. > :01:54.your concentration or motivation and generally help you perform

:01:55. > :01:56.better at work or when preparing Smart drugs are growing

:01:57. > :02:02.in popularity but leading experts are warning that there are no

:02:03. > :02:05.long-term safety studies The Home Office have told us

:02:06. > :02:12.they don't plan on including them in an upcoming bill banning drugs

:02:13. > :02:15.with "psychoactive effect" - Our reporter Benjamin Zand

:02:16. > :02:38.has been investigating. These are smart drugs. They look to

:02:39. > :02:44.extend our cognitive ability to the reactions we have. A series of drugs

:02:45. > :02:47.that people in homes, offices and universities across the United

:02:48. > :02:52.Kingdom are using to apparently make their brain better. Many are drugs

:02:53. > :02:58.you might have heard of before with conventional uses, things like

:02:59. > :03:04.Ritalin, usually used for ADHD and narcolepsy. Others you might not

:03:05. > :03:12.have, a banned performance enhancer for example. One of the most talked

:03:13. > :03:17.about is a drug used traditionally for narcolepsy, being used as a

:03:18. > :03:24.cognitive enhancer, a drug being used to make your brain work like no

:03:25. > :03:28.other. It's a cognitive enhancer so it shows there were improvements in

:03:29. > :03:32.so-called higher cognitive functionions like planning and

:03:33. > :03:37.decision-making. It's been labelled the world's first safe smart drug

:03:38. > :03:41.with some studies suggesting it's nonaddictive, has few side effects

:03:42. > :03:48.and that it works. But can all this really be true? I am trying to find

:03:49. > :03:52.out. At this point, smart drugs just seem like miracle pills. I've been

:03:53. > :03:55.reading reviews and some are ridiculous, people saying they have

:03:56. > :03:58.written full university disitations in a matter of days, they have

:03:59. > :04:02.managed to do work that would usually take them a week in one day

:04:03. > :04:05.and that their overall concentration levels have sky-rocketed. To be

:04:06. > :04:10.entirely honest, I struggle to believe this, it sounds too good to

:04:11. > :04:15.be true. So what I'm currently doing is ordering some of the drug off the

:04:16. > :04:21.Internet, it's one of the main drugs people take. Modafanil. I'm going to

:04:22. > :04:33.take some of the drug to see if it works. I met up with an old friend

:04:34. > :04:38.to find out more about Modafanil while I waited for my supply to

:04:39. > :04:42.arrive. Jason is an athlete and entrepreneur. It turns out, he's

:04:43. > :05:00.been taking the drug I was about to take for years.

:05:01. > :05:07.What happened? You didn't swallow it? I didn't swallow it. I can feel

:05:08. > :05:12.it working. You actually can? Yes. What does it feel like? When I was

:05:13. > :05:18.talking to you there, I found myself getting quicker and quicker. No? ! I

:05:19. > :05:22.felt like I was talking too quick, trying to get too much in. Describe

:05:23. > :05:27.it? Without sounding weird, it sounded a bit warmer, like I feel a

:05:28. > :05:30.bit warmer, so I feel like my body temperature's increased. You feel

:05:31. > :05:36.sharper. I could probably compare to it a camera that's in focus and a

:05:37. > :05:39.camera that's out of focus. Normally everything is softer, right now

:05:40. > :05:45.everything feels sharp. When you first took it, was it an

:05:46. > :05:51.instant effect? Yes. I found the effect straightaway. My productivity

:05:52. > :05:59.increased massively. I knew that I wanted to keep taking it.

:06:00. > :06:05.OK, after a week of waiting, my parcel has arrived from the

:06:06. > :06:14.undisclosed address in India to my desk in London. I don't usually take

:06:15. > :06:19.drugs like this. I consulted a doctor and was taking a huge risk by

:06:20. > :06:22.taking the pills. I was heading to Cambridge university to try and find

:06:23. > :06:28.out how and if Modafanil actually worked. They'd agreed to also test

:06:29. > :06:32.me to see if it had any effect on my cognitive abilities. Tell me exactly

:06:33. > :06:36.how it works do we know how it works? We know a lot about its

:06:37. > :06:41.actions in the brain and that it affects a lot of different nerve

:06:42. > :06:46.transmitter, but what we don't know is that which one of the effects has

:06:47. > :06:54.to do with the improvements we see in people's cognitions, we know it

:06:55. > :06:58.acts on dopamine and adrenaline, but another transmitter, Glutomade.

:06:59. > :07:02.Professor Barbara's been studying Modafanil for years but says we

:07:03. > :07:07.still don't really know how it works as a cognitive enhancer, but she's

:07:08. > :07:11.certain it does work. Do they actually make you more intelligent?

:07:12. > :07:15.Depends what you mean. They certainly might improve your ability

:07:16. > :07:19.to problem-solve and plan. If you can problem-solve better, are you

:07:20. > :07:25.getting smarter? If we are talking about IQ, working memory is very

:07:26. > :07:30.related to IQ. We know that we can improve working memory through the

:07:31. > :07:33.use of drugs like Modafanil. Professor Barbara says the main

:07:34. > :07:37.issue is we don't know the long-term effects of Modafanil and she wants

:07:38. > :07:44.the Government to carry out studies so see if there are any. Should

:07:45. > :07:47.there be no major issues, she sees a potential use for the drug

:07:48. > :07:52.worldwide. I was taken into a room after taking the drug to do a test.

:07:53. > :07:57.I'm going to do one test without taking the drug and then one with

:07:58. > :08:04.it. And then comparing the performance on each task.

:08:05. > :08:10.OK over lunch I took my first ever hit of Modafanil. And I don't really

:08:11. > :08:14.feel that much different. It's been about an hour now or an

:08:15. > :08:17.hour-and-a-half and I feel pretty much the same, although I do feel

:08:18. > :08:21.slightly more awake but I have just walked in the cold for a bit so

:08:22. > :08:30.maybe that's why. I'll keep you posted.

:08:31. > :08:40.This is basically Mario Kart. Your score on the attention task you

:08:41. > :08:43.performed better than 99% of the population, whereas when you weren't

:08:44. > :08:51.on Modafanil you scored better than 85% of people. 95%, does that make

:08:52. > :08:59.me a genius? Yes. Better than 95% of people my age? Yes, your age. That

:09:00. > :09:04.is unbelievable. And gender, yes, 80-85 before. So it's gone up by

:09:05. > :09:08.10%. The tests must be taken with a pinch of salt. There are other

:09:09. > :09:11.factors that could have contributed to my results and it's a very

:09:12. > :09:17.specific scenario so I still needed to see how it worked in real life.

:09:18. > :09:21.If you are based in the UK, there's only one place you can order

:09:22. > :09:25.Modafanil and that's through secretive websites on the Internet.

:09:26. > :09:29.This causes quite a few issues. Besides the fact that you have to

:09:30. > :09:34.enter your credit card details into a website that has virtually no

:09:35. > :09:41.info, you also have no idea of knowing whether what you are getting

:09:42. > :09:44.is legitimate. It's not always safe to buy them

:09:45. > :09:48.online. You never know what you are going to buy and what product is

:09:49. > :09:52.going to land on your door mat. I bought mine from a website in

:09:53. > :09:55.India that came with tracking information. I called up the

:09:56. > :09:59.pharmaceutical company that made it and they said as long as it had

:10:00. > :10:04.their branding it should be theirs but they said they don't sell items

:10:05. > :10:10.online. There are those that sell it illegally in the UK. Recently, we

:10:11. > :10:14.seized over 20,000 units containing 13 different types of medicine in

:10:15. > :10:20.one operation. That was valued at over ?200,000 and one of the drugs

:10:21. > :10:31.that was seized hadn't even been tested on humans yet. The MHRA are

:10:32. > :10:36.trying to crack down on this. In 2015 during one operation, we seized

:10:37. > :10:41.over 46,000 of these types of drugs in a period of four weeks. One

:10:42. > :10:45.retailer who didn't want to be identified told me they get around

:10:46. > :10:48.the restrictions by labelling the products as "not for human

:10:49. > :10:53.consumption" and selling in bags, as opposed to pills. As it currently

:10:54. > :10:59.stands, this makes life difficult for the MHRA. It seems like you can

:11:00. > :11:03.get around the laws by making it seem as if it's for laboratory use,

:11:04. > :11:08.not packaging them in pills and saying it's not for human

:11:09. > :11:12.consumption. They are clearly being sold to people for human

:11:13. > :11:18.consumption, so is that an issue in your eyes? Yes, it is. Weapon we

:11:19. > :11:23.come across these issues, we have other parts of the agency who make

:11:24. > :11:28.determinations on that -- when we come across these issues. As well as

:11:29. > :11:35.the large number of websites, there is a huge number of forums dedicated

:11:36. > :11:42.to speaking about so-called smart drugs. Nootropics has 64,000

:11:43. > :11:47.members. One issue that keeps popping up is the UK's psychoactive

:11:48. > :11:52.substance Bill that looks set to pass in 2016 that will put a blanket

:11:53. > :11:57.ban on any drug with psychoactive ever February and potentially a host

:11:58. > :12:00.of so-called smart drugs. So, after taking another Modafanil pill, I

:12:01. > :12:10.travel to Nottingham to meet the co-owner of a company that sells on

:12:11. > :12:18.Nootropics so see what he thinks about the Bill. This is my treatment

:12:19. > :12:19.and therapy room where I do rehab, Cairo practition and nutritional

:12:20. > :12:36.counselling and things like that. Is your head going to explode now

:12:37. > :12:41.because you have take an lot? No, that is the beauty of genuine

:12:42. > :12:45.Nootropics, because they are not prescription strength, it's very

:12:46. > :12:49.hard to overdose on them. Am I worried, no, because I don't tend to

:12:50. > :12:55.worry about things. I mean, what is the purpose of worrying? We are

:12:56. > :13:00.reform lating neuro-still, the product, to be more in line with the

:13:01. > :13:06.guidelines if and when the Bill comes into line. The Bill is short

:13:07. > :13:10.sighted and disturbing a little bit. But, you know, the powers-that-be

:13:11. > :13:12.will operate in how they see fit, not necessarily to the best

:13:13. > :13:16.advantage of the man in the street, but for their own agenda. It makes

:13:17. > :13:20.things harder. After the interview, I contacted the Home Office. They

:13:21. > :13:23.told me that, as many smart drugs can be used for medicines, they had

:13:24. > :13:28.likely be exempt and will continue to be regulated by the MHRA.

:13:29. > :13:31.But, as the Bill is so broad, some experts have told me that many

:13:32. > :13:42.so-called smart drugs could be implicated.

:13:43. > :13:49.OK, so earlier, I was quite unsure as to whether the Modafanil was

:13:50. > :13:53.really doing anything and whether it had any effect on me whatsoever but

:13:54. > :13:57.now I'm quite sure it probably is because I've been lying in bed for

:13:58. > :14:03.about an hour and I just can't get to sleep because my brain is just

:14:04. > :14:07.completely switched on. Modafanil is something often

:14:08. > :14:10.associated with students. But, there are some in another less reported

:14:11. > :14:15.community that are taking them as well.

:14:16. > :14:19.The world of text start-ups. -- tech start-ups. Marcus is an app

:14:20. > :14:23.developer and started taking Modafanil to get ahead of the game.

:14:24. > :14:27.It wasn't like I was taking a drug and it was giving me a high and

:14:28. > :14:33.making me happier, but the feeling that I was getting a lot done was

:14:34. > :14:38.very exciting. Tell me what your frame of mind was like? Frame of

:14:39. > :14:44.mind is very, very important. My frame of mind was, I need to create

:14:45. > :14:47.the next start-up and make it work. I just experience add big failure

:14:48. > :14:50.and wanted to make a success instead.

:14:51. > :14:54.So you started taking Modafanil at the same time you stopped working at

:14:55. > :15:00.the other place? Yes, and that is an interesting point. When my start-up

:15:01. > :15:06.kind of bombed, this is interesting to think about, when it bombed, I

:15:07. > :15:10.was feeling very, very low and I'm a very poss-minded person so I

:15:11. > :15:14.instantly looked for something to improve my life and circumstances --

:15:15. > :15:20.positive-minded. My theory is, I took the drug for the first time, I

:15:21. > :15:23.may have subconsciously exaggerated to myself how much it was helping me

:15:24. > :15:29.because I knew it would help me feel better. You are taking this to get

:15:30. > :15:33.better and be more productive and more successful in essence? Yes. Has

:15:34. > :15:38.it shown any sign of doing that yet? In terms of my life in general, no,

:15:39. > :15:48.I suddenly haven't gone from being a lose tore Mr Successful.

:15:49. > :15:57.OK. It is my final day taking these so-called smart drugs. Not only do I

:15:58. > :16:02.look and feel horribly rough because I have hardly slept. I also have to

:16:03. > :16:07.spend a full day editing this film, which needs to be done in two days,

:16:08. > :16:11.which is not a lot of time. Editing is something I find notoriously

:16:12. > :16:15.difficult to stay focused on. I figure if there was one day the

:16:16. > :16:19.pills would help it was this. But it did not quite help as I expected.

:16:20. > :16:22.The only real effect was a lack of hunger. Still no tangible

:16:23. > :16:27.improvement in my concentration levels. It has definitely taken away

:16:28. > :16:32.my appetite. It is 2pm and I still not have eaten. As well as this I

:16:33. > :16:38.got headaches and a strange lump on my arm. I have got like a weird spot

:16:39. > :16:42.on my arm. This happened on the first day on the back of my leg. As

:16:43. > :16:48.the day progressed they seemed to kick in. At the end of it all I met

:16:49. > :16:53.Jason who said he never had side effects like mine. You took the same

:16:54. > :16:59.pills from the same company. You seemed to have an enjoyable

:17:00. > :17:08.experience? Yes. I got a weird spot on my arm and my leg. Have you heard

:17:09. > :17:12.anything like that. --? No. I was told there was a chemical in my

:17:13. > :17:16.blood released by your liver when you're body is try to take something

:17:17. > :17:21.into its system. I body did not like what I was taking. I was

:17:22. > :17:26.disappointed others did not have -- I did not have the experience others

:17:27. > :17:28.others had had. It means I will never be tempted to try them again.

:17:29. > :17:31.And if you want to share that film just go to our programme

:17:32. > :17:36.We'll talk some more about smart drugs with people who use them

:17:37. > :17:44.Still to come: What led a bouncy castle salesman to become

:17:45. > :17:52.We'll have all the details on the Londoner in the latest

:17:53. > :17:55.IS video and will be speaking to one man who knew him.

:17:56. > :18:00.Seeing again for the first time in 16 years, the moment a bionic eye

:18:01. > :18:21.A Muslim convert from east London is the main focus of investigations

:18:22. > :18:24.into the identity of a masked man with a British accent featured

:18:25. > :18:28.in the latest video released by the Islamic State group.

:18:29. > :18:33.Siddhartha Dhar travelled to Syria with his family in 2014,

:18:34. > :18:35.a day after being released on bail, while being investigated

:18:36. > :18:39.The Labour leader, Jeremy Corbyn, is expected to unveil details

:18:40. > :18:41.of a reshuffle of his front bench team today.

:18:42. > :18:45.Late-night talks with key members of the shadow cabinet ended

:18:46. > :18:49.Two of those whose positions are rumoured to be in doubt

:18:50. > :18:51.are the shadow foreign secretary, Hilary Benn, and the shadow defence

:18:52. > :18:58.President Obama has announced a series of gun control measures.

:18:59. > :19:00.They'll be introduced by executive order, meaning they'll by-pass

:19:01. > :19:03.Congress which has so far resisted calls to make it harder

:19:04. > :19:09.The Health Secretary, Jeremy Hunt, has invited junior doctors to carry

:19:10. > :19:11.on talking about pay and conditions, rather

:19:12. > :19:15.The doctors' union the BMA has called its members out on strike

:19:16. > :19:21.Mr Hunt said very good progress had been made in the talks that had been

:19:22. > :19:28.The BMA has said several disagreements remain.

:19:29. > :19:34.Police have reissued their appeal for information about the missing

:19:35. > :19:41.former East Enders actors -- actress Sian Blake as homicide investigators

:19:42. > :19:47.take over the investigation. She went missing from Kent with her two

:19:48. > :19:52.children. Police are also concerned for the welfare of her partner and

:19:53. > :19:57.the children's father, Arthur Simpson Kent. Robert Stig would, who

:19:58. > :20:01.managed the Bee Gees at the height of their fame, has died. He also

:20:02. > :20:05.worked with Eric Clapton and produced the film, Saturday night

:20:06. > :20:09.Fever, as well as Tommy. Now the sport.

:20:10. > :20:17.Good morning. We have got some live sport. The second test in Cape Town.

:20:18. > :20:22.The fourth day has resumed. England desperately need a South African

:20:23. > :20:26.wicket. England scored lots of runs in their first innings. South Africa

:20:27. > :20:29.are eating that. No wickets down after about an hour this morning.

:20:30. > :20:37.Staying with cricket, you may have seen these comments made by Chris

:20:38. > :20:40.Gayle in the -- in the Big Bash Twenty20 Ligue one Australia. It was

:20:41. > :20:46.during a live TV interview yesterday. He started flirting with

:20:47. > :20:52.a female reporter. Astor ad for a drink, told her not to blush. He has

:20:53. > :20:55.been fined about ?5,000 for inappropriate behaviour. He has

:20:56. > :21:01.apologised today saying it was just a joke. A lot of debate has come out

:21:02. > :21:05.of this. Many seeing this as a joke, many not. Chris Rogers, the

:21:06. > :21:11.Australian batsman who spend a lot of time with Chris Gayle, is

:21:12. > :21:14.disappointed in his behaviour and attitude and would try to distance

:21:15. > :21:20.himself from him socially. More on that. Real Madrid has shown a

:21:21. > :21:26.remarkable lack of patients with Rafa Benitez. Only seven months in

:21:27. > :21:30.charge and three matches last, he was sacked yesterday. He has been

:21:31. > :21:37.replaced by Zinedine Zidane. More details at ten.

:21:38. > :21:40.What do we know about the British man who's appeared in the latest

:21:41. > :21:41.propaganda video from so-called Islamic State?

:21:42. > :21:44.An official source has told the BBC that Siddhartha Dhar is the main

:21:45. > :21:47.focus of the attention of security and intelligence officers,

:21:48. > :21:49.as they study the video, in which five men are murdered.

:21:50. > :21:52.Dhar is a 32-year-old former bouncy castle salesman from East London.

:21:53. > :21:54.He was arrested for allegedly encouraging terrorism and released

:21:55. > :22:01.on bail and ordered to hand in his passport.

:22:02. > :22:03.But he disappeared in September 2014, and later published pictures

:22:04. > :22:09.Our reporter, Catrin Nye, spoke to him 18 months ago.

:22:10. > :22:16.At the time he was calling himself Saif Ui Islam.

:22:17. > :22:27.Why would you want to live under a caliphate? When I look to Britain

:22:28. > :22:31.and I can speak as a former non-Muslims, issues like smoking,

:22:32. > :22:36.free mixing, music and the society largely based on unity, pornography,

:22:37. > :22:43.it is not something any practical Muslims enjoy living under. Whether

:22:44. > :22:51.I Cisse or any other state implements the caliphate, -- Isis,

:22:52. > :22:57.any Muslim would flock to that state. What happens to people who do

:22:58. > :23:02.not want to live under your version of Islam? What happens to those

:23:03. > :23:04.people who do not want to obey the law of Britain?

:23:05. > :23:06.The documentary maker, Mojtaba Ali, also interviewed Siddhartha Dhar

:23:07. > :23:17.I interviewed him a month before he went to Syria. He said he supports

:23:18. > :23:22.Isis and what they do. He would like to go live there if he had the

:23:23. > :23:30.opportunity. Just propagating the Isis narrative. He seemed to enjoy

:23:31. > :23:34.the media attention. He did at a few interviews the month before he fled.

:23:35. > :23:41.I believe it was because he wanted to raise his profile before he left.

:23:42. > :23:48.What kind of specific things was he saying to you? He was saying that

:23:49. > :23:52.Isis do not persecute young Muslims. They are fighting people who are

:23:53. > :23:58.attacking them. This is a Western propaganda. It is quite bizarre.

:23:59. > :24:06.Isis are releasing these videos, glorifying in them, and he was

:24:07. > :24:12.saying some absurd things like, this is the West making us look bad. We

:24:13. > :24:17.are trying to implement Islam based on his understanding of it. When you

:24:18. > :24:23.pushed him to condemn the killings that Isis have been carrying out,

:24:24. > :24:27.what did he say? He refused to condemn anything to do with ISAs. He

:24:28. > :24:34.was saying, we are just being attacked. Everybody is being unfair

:24:35. > :24:40.with us. We are going to spread Isis throughout the global world. He was

:24:41. > :24:44.very calm. He had the zeal. That is why I would not be surprised if it

:24:45. > :24:50.was him who took up the position to become the star of Isis. The new

:24:51. > :24:56.Jihadi John, so-called. When you saw the video did you think this is the

:24:57. > :25:01.man I interviewed? I would be surprised if it was not him. Hearing

:25:02. > :25:06.the voice, my cameraman called me and said, that is him. You look at

:25:07. > :25:11.the shape of his eyes. It seems to be him. He is one of those

:25:12. > :25:16.charismatic recruiters that Isis used to spread this message. And he

:25:17. > :25:20.likes the media attention. Some of them do not. I would not be

:25:21. > :25:24.surprised if it was him. As a result of those interviews he did back in

:25:25. > :25:30.2014, including the one with you, he was arrested by police and released

:25:31. > :25:35.on bail, which is when he escaped to Syria. That is the issue. Him to be

:25:36. > :25:40.arrested on terror charges, released on bail and then fleeing the country

:25:41. > :25:44.is either a blunder by the security services or because they wanted him

:25:45. > :25:48.out of the country. We do not know. It would be a concern if they were

:25:49. > :25:53.not aware that this person was going to join Isis. This is what

:25:54. > :25:58.Siddhartha Dhar said in that documentary.

:25:59. > :26:01.There are a lot of lies being pushed out by the Western media. One of the

:26:02. > :26:10.biggest rises that they are persecuting non-Muslims. The forced

:26:11. > :26:15.conversions, for example? The forced conversions I do not agree with. You

:26:16. > :26:19.have to convince people to become Muslims. If they want to become

:26:20. > :26:23.Muslim woman they become Muslims through their free will. There are a

:26:24. > :26:27.lot of lies being pushed out by the Western media?

:26:28. > :26:30.How likely is it that Batman is the marksman in the video recently

:26:31. > :26:38.released by Isis? Frank Gardner is here. What is the thinking? I would

:26:39. > :26:43.be surprised if it was not but it is not 100%. We will not get an

:26:44. > :26:47.official comment, if ever, from the security services because it is an

:26:48. > :26:53.ongoing investigation. I would be amazed if, by now, they have not

:26:54. > :26:58.established to it was. They can use voice technology, they can enlarge

:26:59. > :27:01.what you can see of his eyes. There are ways with computers you can

:27:02. > :27:07.measure the distance and match it up. It is not difficult. It is

:27:08. > :27:12.pretty easy. What would they do with that information? It is up to the

:27:13. > :27:16.Government. That information goes to the national Security Council and

:27:17. > :27:21.senior members of it, probably including the Prime Minister, will

:27:22. > :27:28.decide if this man is a threat to UK Cisse -- security. Arrese just a

:27:29. > :27:33.narcissistic coward? If they decide he is a threat and is encouraging

:27:34. > :27:36.other people to carry out attacks here, it is likely the attorney

:27:37. > :27:42.general would be asked to sign off on putting him on a kill list and he

:27:43. > :27:51.would meet the same fate as Mohammed Emwazi and generate Husein and

:27:52. > :27:56.others. Because they cannot go in there and arrest them. Is it your

:27:57. > :28:03.view that this latest video is in response to Britain taking part in

:28:04. > :28:07.the air strikes on IS in Syria? There are indications. He says, how

:28:08. > :28:18.dare you, Kamran, send in your planes with your little country? --

:28:19. > :28:25.Cameroon. British planes have sent in few planes to Syria. They are

:28:26. > :28:33.hurting from those strikes, definitely. Isis lost 14% of its

:28:34. > :28:36.territory last year. They have lost Ron Maddy and must overhaul of the

:28:37. > :28:43.northern Syrian border Turkey. -- Ramadi. The pipeline of British

:28:44. > :28:48.jihadists going out to join Islamic State has really narrowed. It peaked

:28:49. > :28:54.in 2013. There are still several hundred out of their, probably about

:28:55. > :29:00.400 to 500 out of there, including about 50 children. Obviously there

:29:01. > :29:05.is a little boy in the latest video. Photographs of him appear to be all

:29:06. > :29:10.over the Internet and British newspapers. We have taken a decision

:29:11. > :29:16.not to name him because he is a little boy. What do we know about

:29:17. > :29:22.him now? A man saying he is his grandfather, he has been named in

:29:23. > :29:26.the press. He recognises him. He says it is his grandson. He knows

:29:27. > :29:29.him really well. When asked by the reporter if he had been in touch

:29:30. > :29:34.with him, he said he does not like it out there at all. This is a child

:29:35. > :29:39.of about four or five who has been dressed in fake military fatigues

:29:40. > :29:47.with a bandanna on it with the Islamic State logo, saying, let's

:29:48. > :29:52.kill the unbelievers. It is not the first time that they have used

:29:53. > :29:59.children in videos. There was a far more sickening video a few weeks ago

:30:00. > :30:05.which sold -- showed a chilled and's game, the ruins of a castle in

:30:06. > :30:09.Syria, where a man handed a gun 25 or six children and they went

:30:10. > :30:15.running through the ruins and found a bound prisoner with a shot in the

:30:16. > :30:20.head. These are children. They want them to grow up calling them lion

:30:21. > :30:24.cubs. This is the next generation. It is a generational thing. We are

:30:25. > :30:30.bigger than you. Governments, Grant go, we are here forever. We're going

:30:31. > :30:37.to talk in a moment about what IS might do next in terms of 2016.

:30:38. > :33:18.Let's have a quick look back at what they did in 2015.

:33:19. > :33:21.So what will the self-styled Islamic State's priorities be over

:33:22. > :33:26.Let's talk to Dr Erin Saltman from the Institute

:33:27. > :33:29.for Strategic Dialogue, an organisation that looks

:33:30. > :33:34.And Dr Lina Khatib, a senior research associate at the think tank

:33:35. > :33:45.Welcome to both of you. What do you expect from IS this year? They have

:33:46. > :33:49.been strong reaching out to lots of different parts of the world through

:33:50. > :33:54.in-house centralised videos that they have been propagating, also

:33:55. > :33:57.through decentralised messenger so allowing Jihad is and the women

:33:58. > :34:00.within their constituencies to actually openly be on social media

:34:01. > :34:04.so that they can reach different people in a range of different

:34:05. > :34:08.languages. This will be more important as well as we see perhaps

:34:09. > :34:12.when they are losing territory on the ground the idea of branding

:34:13. > :34:16.themselves so that actually people can attach themselves to that brand

:34:17. > :34:19.from abroad. So when Paris attacks were carried out, things like that,

:34:20. > :34:23.when we see different areas of the world where people can just take on

:34:24. > :34:29.that brand as a way of empowering themselves, that's been crucial to

:34:30. > :34:33.the strategy. So even though they might be losing Tikrit, Ramadi and

:34:34. > :34:44.Mosul... They haven't lost Mosul, sorry. Apologies. Ramadi in Syria

:34:45. > :34:48.and Sinjar. Those kind of freelance Jihadis can use the umbrella name,

:34:49. > :34:53.if you like of IS wherever they are? Yes, and we saw this happen with

:34:54. > :34:57.Al-Qaeda post-9/11, the fact that they can create afilliate structures

:34:58. > :35:01.to take on the idea of empowerment. It gives an illusion of strength

:35:02. > :35:04.that you don't actually have on the ground or mill tarristically if you

:35:05. > :35:11.are being damaged by on the Ground Forces or by air strikes, this is a

:35:12. > :35:14.way of maintaining strength, a-symmetrical warfare approaches

:35:15. > :35:17.whereby distributing this idea online you are seeming to maintain

:35:18. > :35:22.strength and continuing recruitment pathways.

:35:23. > :35:27.OK, so in terms of other territories where they might expand, what would

:35:28. > :35:31.you expect? I think the group has reached the limit of its

:35:32. > :35:35.geographical expajs pangs. Already, it's lost territory in Iraq, as we

:35:36. > :35:41.have seen. It's recently lost Ramadi. The next big battle will be

:35:42. > :35:45.Mosul in the coming year. This is the stronghold for IS in Iraq. But I

:35:46. > :35:52.think they'll continue to hold territory in Syria. That is because

:35:53. > :35:55.the Syrian regime seems to be indirectly and sometimes directly

:35:56. > :35:58.facilitating this through sometimes withdrawing Syrian troops from

:35:59. > :36:05.certain areas that the regime does not consider to be essential.

:36:06. > :36:09.Handing these areas to IS in a way because the regime thinks it's

:36:10. > :36:15.better to have IS control of these territories, rather than the Syrian

:36:16. > :36:18.opposition. Also, I expect that IS will continue to hold its territory

:36:19. > :36:23.in Syria because the Syrian conflict is ongoing and, as long as there is

:36:24. > :36:27.no resolution to the conflict, IS is benefitting. Also the fact that

:36:28. > :36:30.relations have broken down between Saudi Arabia and Iran, the more

:36:31. > :36:35.disagreement there is between countries like that, the more it

:36:36. > :36:38.helps IS? Absolutely. IS is really threatened by a political process in

:36:39. > :36:42.Syria that will get rid of the regime and bring in a transitional

:36:43. > :36:45.government. Then you could unify the Syrian Army, have a state recognised

:36:46. > :36:51.by the international community like you do in Iraq now, and then you can

:36:52. > :36:56.have real international intervention to root out IS. As long as the

:36:57. > :37:00.conflict continues, IS is benefitting, and you cannot have a

:37:01. > :37:04.resolution to the conflict without the external stakeholders being on

:37:05. > :37:07.board. Iran and Saudi Arabia are major stakeholders, so when they

:37:08. > :37:14.disagree, the path towards a resolution in Syria is blocked.

:37:15. > :37:17.Geographically, we are seeing fringe movements that are recruiting

:37:18. > :37:21.Westerners in through Libya, so actually on top of male foreign

:37:22. > :37:25.terrorist fighters which we'd see as militancy, we have actually see

:37:26. > :37:29.Western females that have, because border routes going from the West

:37:30. > :37:33.into Syria and Iraq, have been maintain add little bit more, we

:37:34. > :37:37.have seen Western females go straight to Libya and start

:37:38. > :37:40.maintaining camps there. So we will see some different fringe movements

:37:41. > :37:48.as territory within other areas are closed down. Just backing up what Dr

:37:49. > :37:50.Lina was saying there, talking to Whitehall, it seems the entire

:37:51. > :37:56.British Government long-term strategy for dealing with IS is

:37:57. > :38:00.predicated on finding an acceptable future government in Damascus which

:38:01. > :38:05.at the moment doesn't seem like happen. With the Saudi Arabia spat,

:38:06. > :38:10.it's going to be harder to find. The idea is that six, 12 months or 18

:38:11. > :38:14.months down the line, there'll be some future Government, a coalition

:38:15. > :38:19.Government that's acceptable to all parties in Syria and that government

:38:20. > :38:23.will invite in the international community, including British and

:38:24. > :38:26.American forces to deploy on the ground with government permission an

:38:27. > :38:32.encouragement and join together with this mythical force of 70,000 rebels

:38:33. > :38:36.to defeat Isis. That's the idea but I think there's an awful lot of thes

:38:37. > :38:40.in there and so far, there is no sign of President Assad going. The

:38:41. > :38:44.Iranians certainly don't want him to go, the Russians don't particularly

:38:45. > :38:47.want him to go, and in a way, it's understandable because, if Assad

:38:48. > :38:51.left in a hurry, what would happen? You would have a complete collapse

:38:52. > :38:56.of the state and the next thing you would have the black flag of Isis

:38:57. > :39:02.flying above the Palace in Damascus. What about more attacks in Europe? I

:39:03. > :39:08.think it's likely. When I was doing field work on IS, I found out from

:39:09. > :39:12.IS sources that the new strategy for them, and this was as far back as

:39:13. > :39:17.last summer, was to try to distract the West into focussing on domestic

:39:18. > :39:21.security so that they would pay less attention to external security and

:39:22. > :39:24.to politics, so the more countries are distracted by security, the less

:39:25. > :39:28.attention they pay to politics and these attacks in Europe are meant to

:39:29. > :39:32.do exactly that which means unfortunately, highly likely that

:39:33. > :39:38.we'll see attacks similar to Paris. Do you agree? The calls to attacks

:39:39. > :39:41.are vigilante, a lot are not even dictated from centralised

:39:42. > :39:45.headquarters of IS. We are seeing a call to arms, we have seen this

:39:46. > :39:50.previously with other Jihadist organisations, and this sort of

:39:51. > :39:54.a-symmetrical warfare tactic as was mentioned. It makes the general

:39:55. > :39:58.public question whether or not we should be going in and helping in

:39:59. > :40:01.the region, so it's a way of forcing the general public to question their

:40:02. > :40:06.own government's motives. That's exactly what they are trying to do.

:40:07. > :40:09.Thank you both very much and thank you Frank.

:40:10. > :40:11.Coming up, we speak to the twin brother of David Rathband -

:40:12. > :40:14.the police officer shot and blinded by gunman Raoul Moat -

:40:15. > :40:18.who's taking police to court on his brother's behalf

:40:19. > :40:35.The Labour leader, Jeremy Corbyn, is expected to unveil details

:40:36. > :40:38.of a reshuffle of his front bench team today.

:40:39. > :40:40.Late-night talks with key members of the shadow cabinet ended

:40:41. > :40:45.Two of those whose positions are rumoured to be in doubt

:40:46. > :40:47.are the shadow foreign secretary, Hilary Benn, and the shadow defence

:40:48. > :40:57.We can't have a men-only party. Women in this country expect to see

:40:58. > :41:02.men and women working together on equal terms. That's what the Labour

:41:03. > :41:04.Party believes in, and we can't have an all-male leadership again and

:41:05. > :41:09.therefore we'll have to change the rules. You would like to see the

:41:10. > :41:14.rules changed? To stop there being an all-male leadership. In terms of

:41:15. > :41:18.your advice or hope for the women in the Shadow Cabinet, we shouldn't

:41:19. > :41:22.overlook the fact that we have 50/50 in the Shadow Cabinet, what do you

:41:23. > :41:25.want to see them do? The truth is that women's rights are never going

:41:26. > :41:28.to be taken forward by men in the party, whether they are on the left,

:41:29. > :41:33.the central or on the right. The truth is, it's women in the party,

:41:34. > :41:37.Labour women that will take forward women's rights and, even though we

:41:38. > :41:41.haven't got any women in the top leadership, that makes it even more

:41:42. > :41:46.important for them to put themselves forward. What I think is more

:41:47. > :41:54.worrying about the culture in the Labour Party is very left-wing

:41:55. > :42:00.feminists they are pulling up -- feminists, they are putting up with

:42:01. > :42:08.a lot more than any other man would say because Jeremy Corbyn is saying

:42:09. > :42:13.it. Would those who were given a job by Tony Blair have been saying this.

:42:14. > :42:16.It's sort of like some in the Labour Party are accepting low-level

:42:17. > :42:26.nonviolent misogyny because it's Jeremy doing it.

:42:27. > :42:30.Liam Byrne was Chief Secretary to the Treasury in the last

:42:31. > :42:34.LabourGovernment and left a note saying "there's no money left"

:42:35. > :42:38.famously, I'm sure you are sick of hearing that, but first of all, does

:42:39. > :42:44.Jeremy Corbyn have a problem with women? He needs to get a better

:42:45. > :42:46.balance. Labour is blessed with some outstanding female Labour

:42:47. > :42:49.politicians and if you are the leader of the Labour Party, you are

:42:50. > :42:52.a bit like a football manager and it's your job to put the best team

:42:53. > :42:56.on the pitch and right now I think most in the party want to see more

:42:57. > :43:00.women playing in stronger positions. So he does have a problem with

:43:01. > :43:03.women? He's got work to do to make sure Labour's fielding the best

:43:04. > :43:07.possible team because there's only one test for Jeremy Corbyn this year

:43:08. > :43:12.and that is about winning elections. We have some big elections in May.

:43:13. > :43:16.It's crucial to win back City Hall and Scotland and we need to hold on

:43:17. > :43:18.to Wales and make progress in Town Halls across the country. The Labour

:43:19. > :43:24.Party wants to see that Jeremy Corbyn is a kind of an Arsene

:43:25. > :43:26.Wenger-like manager and not a Jose Mourinho-like manager, because in

:43:27. > :43:30.our business, it's all about winning elections, it's the results that

:43:31. > :43:33.matter at the end of the day. Arsenal haven't won anything for

:43:34. > :43:39.ages actually, but OK, I'm taking the point.

:43:40. > :43:44.The time it's taking to sort this reshuffle out, the naval-gazing and

:43:45. > :43:48.in-fighting, as it's described, is really damaging to Labour?

:43:49. > :43:52.Maddening. It must be the longest reshuffle in history. And Labour

:43:53. > :43:57.supporters think, shouldn't you be fighting the Government? Totally. At

:43:58. > :44:01.the moment the Conservative Government is getting away scott

:44:02. > :44:03.free on all sorts of things. We have a junior doctors strike looming.

:44:04. > :44:09.Over in the Middle East, David Cameron's got a war to win, actually

:44:10. > :44:12.there's many that don't think his fight against extremism going

:44:13. > :44:15.particularly well. He's got the European referendum where no-one is

:44:16. > :44:18.terribly clear about what deal he's actually going to get out of the

:44:19. > :44:22.European colleagues and it's not clear what the pathway for the

:44:23. > :44:25.economy looks like this year either. Interest rates looming on the

:44:26. > :44:28.horizon, the economy slowing down in China, so there are big challenges

:44:29. > :44:32.the Government's got to get sorted. It's not clear they are going about

:44:33. > :44:36.it in the right way and our job should be to expose where they are

:44:37. > :44:42.going wrong and propose better alternatives, not, as you say,

:44:43. > :44:46.indulge in the longest reshuffle/naval-gazing exercise in

:44:47. > :44:48.political history. Some of the issues you mentioned, immigration,

:44:49. > :44:54.health, the economy, most important to voters. Does Labour have a policy

:44:55. > :44:58.that you could tell our audience right now about? We have a policy

:44:59. > :45:03.review, there are reviews under way, but the process by which that policy

:45:04. > :45:08.is being reviewed isn't terrifically clear. That is why we come back to

:45:09. > :45:11.the point that rather than spend months and months and months

:45:12. > :45:15.figuring out what is the beforeconfiguration of the team, get

:45:16. > :45:19.the reshuffle done and get back to the business of, you know, coming up

:45:20. > :45:23.with better alternatives to the Government and get the campaign in

:45:24. > :45:27.gear to win the elections in May. Is it accurate that Hilary Benn will

:45:28. > :45:32.stay? I've no idea but I personally hope so. Hilary has shown he's one

:45:33. > :45:35.of the great figures in the House of Commons. He's one of the great

:45:36. > :45:39.figures in the Labour Party and one of the best players and he deserves

:45:40. > :45:42.to be in the key position he's in right now.

:45:43. > :45:48.Thank you very much. Still to come, we'll have all the

:45:49. > :45:52.latest news and in sport, Chris Gayle is fined ?5,000 for asking a

:45:53. > :45:58.reporter out on a date during a live TV interview. Now the weather with

:45:59. > :46:08.Carol. Happy New Year. There is a lot going on with the

:46:09. > :46:13.weather. In eastern Europe it has been exceptionally cold. Look at all

:46:14. > :46:23.of that snow in Croatia. You can see all of this ice. The ocean is often

:46:24. > :46:34.referred to as a heat source. It shows how cold it is. A picture from

:46:35. > :46:40.Poland. This is the water. Look how it has frozen. You can see Turkey.

:46:41. > :46:44.Some deep snow. It is not unusual to have really cold conditions in

:46:45. > :46:49.eastern Europe. These are exceptional. We have got cold air

:46:50. > :46:53.dominating in the north. A bigger area of high pressure in eastern

:46:54. > :47:00.Europe. Another in north-western parts of the Atlantic. You can see

:47:01. > :47:05.the blue. The darkest blue in the East. Our temperatures have gone

:47:06. > :47:11.down. You have probably put the heating back on again. Our

:47:12. > :47:17.temperatures are nothing like we have seen. The average overnight

:47:18. > :47:25.temperature in Moscow was minus nine. These conditions are similar

:47:26. > :47:28.to what he would experience in the Antarctic. If you were out in -26

:47:29. > :47:35.you would be bonkers without appropriate protection. You could

:47:36. > :47:40.lose a finger in this kind of heat without the right preparations. The

:47:41. > :47:44.big high pressure across eastern Europe has changed the orientation

:47:45. > :47:49.of the jet stream, which is posted further south. All of the warm

:47:50. > :47:52.tropical moist air that we had last week and we had in December as well,

:47:53. > :48:07.has now gone across the Mediterranean. We will see further

:48:08. > :48:12.snow. Lots going on. But here? We have not got those kind of

:48:13. > :48:17.temperatures, thank goodness. Here we have issues with flooding. For

:48:18. > :48:22.most of us today it will be quiet. What we are looking at today is a

:48:23. > :48:27.day of showers, some of which will be heavy and sundry. Some

:48:28. > :48:32.brightness. Some sunshine. The Met Office still has in force and amber

:48:33. > :48:38.be prepared warning for heavy rain. The areas affected Perth and

:48:39. > :48:45.Kinross, Stirling and Angus. The rain falling on body stature rated

:48:46. > :48:54.ground. -- already falling on saturated ground. Snow in the

:48:55. > :49:01.Grampians. Heavy rain across north-east England in particular.

:49:02. > :49:05.For the rest of us, showers. Some of those will merge and some will be

:49:06. > :49:11.thundery. In the afternoon rain in eastern Scotland. Brighter in the

:49:12. > :49:17.West. Some showers. North-east England seeing the rain. The rain

:49:18. > :49:20.carrying into parts of Yorkshire, Lincolnshire and East Anglia. South

:49:21. > :49:26.of that, through the Midlands and the Isle of Wight, some showers.

:49:27. > :49:30.Some sunny spells. Across south-west England we have a mixture of bright

:49:31. > :49:37.spells, sunshine and showers, as we have across Wales. If you are stuck

:49:38. > :49:42.under the showers, it will be quite chilly. For Northern Ireland, a

:49:43. > :49:45.mixture of bright spells, sunshine and showers. Low pressure dominates

:49:46. > :49:50.the weather. Everything rotates around it. We continue with the

:49:51. > :49:56.onshore wind today and tonight. It will feel cold. The showers in the

:49:57. > :50:01.West tends to be more about the coast. Central southern and

:50:02. > :50:06.south-eastern England will have dense fog tonight. If you're

:50:07. > :50:11.travelling tomorrow morning, worth checking the forecast. You might

:50:12. > :50:20.find some disruption to travel. You can go the BBC travel pages or your

:50:21. > :50:25.local radio station. You can see her through the morning the fog will be

:50:26. > :50:30.slow to lift. Eventually some of it will become low cloud. A dry day.

:50:31. > :50:38.Some showers. We lose the heavy rain from Scotland. Still snow from the

:50:39. > :50:42.Grampians. You can see out towards the West we have got our next band

:50:43. > :50:47.of wet and windy weather. That is good to continue to push steadily

:50:48. > :50:49.northwards and eastwards. It will deposit more snow at lower levels in

:50:50. > :50:53.the far north of Scotland. I'm Victoria Derbyshire,

:50:54. > :50:58.good morning. Coming up, a 32-year-old father

:50:59. > :51:01.of four who used to sell bouncy castles in London, is believed to be

:51:02. > :51:03.the British man who appears in the latest propaganda video

:51:04. > :51:07.by the terror group Islamic State. Also today, can certain kinds

:51:08. > :51:21.of drugs really make you smarter, I would probably compared to a

:51:22. > :51:24.camera that is in focus and a camera that is out of focus. Right now

:51:25. > :51:26.everything feels very sharp. And we speak to the twin

:51:27. > :51:28.brother of David Rathband - the police officer shot and blinded

:51:29. > :51:31.by gunman Raoul Moat - who's taking police to court

:51:32. > :51:33.on his brother's behalf A Muslim convert from east London

:51:34. > :51:47.is the main suspect as security agencies work to confirm

:51:48. > :51:50.the identity of a masked extremist in a video released

:51:51. > :51:53.by the Islamic State terror group. Siddhartha Dhar travelled to Syria

:51:54. > :51:57.with his family in 2014. The Labour leader, Jeremy Corbyn,

:51:58. > :52:00.is expected to finalise the reshuffle to his front bench

:52:01. > :52:14.by the time the shadow cabinet It is thought the changes will not

:52:15. > :52:20.be as substantial as some had predicted. Hilary Benn may stay on

:52:21. > :52:24.as shadow foreign secretary. President Obama's laying

:52:25. > :52:26.out his plan to push through tougher gun control without

:52:27. > :52:28.going through Congress. He'll introduce measures

:52:29. > :52:30.on background checks and firearms sales by what's called

:52:31. > :52:42.an executive order. Although we have to be very clear

:52:43. > :52:46.that this will not sell -- sold every violent crime in this country,

:52:47. > :52:52.it will not prevent every mass shooting, it will not keep every gun

:52:53. > :52:59.out of the hands of a criminal, it will potentially save lives in this

:53:00. > :53:00.country. And spare families the pain and the extraordinary loss they have

:53:01. > :53:01.suffered. The Health Secretary, Jeremy Hunt,

:53:02. > :53:04.has invited junior doctors to carry on talking about pay

:53:05. > :53:05.and conditions instead The doctors' union, the BMA,

:53:06. > :53:10.has called industrial action Mr Hunt said very good progress

:53:11. > :53:14.had been made in talks, but the BMA says

:53:15. > :53:17.disagreements remain. Police have reissued their appeal

:53:18. > :53:21.for information about missing former EastEnders actress Sian Blake

:53:22. > :53:23.as homicide detectives take Police are also concerned

:53:24. > :53:32.for the welfare of her partner and the children's father,

:53:33. > :53:44.Arthur Simpson-Kent. Let's talk to Richard Lister. What

:53:45. > :53:50.do we know? Sian Blake became famous for playing Frankie in East Enders

:53:51. > :53:54.in the late 1990s. More than 50 episodes. She has not been seen

:53:55. > :54:02.since the 13th of December, when she went on a family visit to East

:54:03. > :54:05.London with her two sons, Zachary, eighth, and Amos, four. Police are

:54:06. > :54:11.also looking for her partner, Arthur Simpson Kent. They have not seen him

:54:12. > :54:15.since three days after that disappearance, on December 16, when

:54:16. > :54:20.they went to the family. They are looking for the whole family. They

:54:21. > :54:24.have no information about where they have been. On Sunday they found the

:54:25. > :54:29.car belonging to Ms Blake in East London. They do not know how it got

:54:30. > :54:32.there. They are appealing for information. They have also

:54:33. > :54:38.confirmed that they have now signed the homicide major command, murder

:54:39. > :54:41.detectives, to lead this investigation, which clearly

:54:42. > :54:45.underlines the depth of their concern. They say they are very

:54:46. > :54:49.concerned about the family. They are keeping an open mind. They are

:54:50. > :54:54.particularly concerned about Ms Blake, who they say suffers from a

:54:55. > :54:58.life-threatening disease, it is believed to be motor neuron disease.

:54:59. > :55:03.They do not know if she is receiving treatment or medication. They have

:55:04. > :55:06.particular concerns about her. Clearly three weeks on, they are

:55:07. > :55:07.very concerned about the whole family and are appealing for

:55:08. > :55:15.information. Thank you, Richard. Back to Jeremy

:55:16. > :55:20.Corbyn's reshuffle. Michael Duguid MP, who was the shadow culture

:55:21. > :55:24.secretary, has just tweeted, just been sacked by Jeremy Corbyn. I

:55:25. > :55:33.wished him a happily that -- happy New Year. -- Michael Doer. --

:55:34. > :55:39.Michael Duque. Let's talk to John Pienaar. You have got some breaking

:55:40. > :55:45.news about the EU referendum? That is right. The other big story at

:55:46. > :55:49.Westminster away from the fight club that is the Labour Party is

:55:50. > :55:54.Britain's renegotiation of its membership terms in Europe. David

:55:55. > :55:57.Cameron will confirm later that government ministers, Cabinet

:55:58. > :56:02.ministers and other ministers, will be free to campaign both for and

:56:03. > :56:06.against continued British membership of the European Union when a deal is

:56:07. > :56:10.reached. That goes along with the assurances he has been giving to

:56:11. > :56:14.senior colleagues for a while. He is now about to go public with all of

:56:15. > :56:17.that. It is rarely about forestalling potential trouble

:56:18. > :56:21.ahead. There is trouble ahead in Europe whatever happens for the

:56:22. > :56:27.Conservative Party. This was a rift waiting to happen. They could've

:56:28. > :56:31.been resignations if ministers were not given the freedom to campaign.

:56:32. > :56:36.David Cameron is trying to forestall that at least. There are bigger

:56:37. > :56:41.apples on the table as well. If this referendum goes the way of Britain

:56:42. > :56:44.leaving the European Union, they are talking about whether David Cameron

:56:45. > :56:51.himself can survive as Prime Minister. So no collective

:56:52. > :56:54.responsibility? Only until the deal is reached. Until then, ministers

:56:55. > :57:00.are required to stick together in the normal way by the normal rules.

:57:01. > :57:06.When the deal is reached, there are such diverging points of view in the

:57:07. > :57:10.Cabinet, it would have been futile, frankly, for the Prime Minister to

:57:11. > :57:13.keep that line or a raise it in the any away. He has given them the

:57:14. > :57:24.freedom they were looking for. There was no other choice. John, can I ask

:57:25. > :57:30.you why you think the shadow culture secretary has been sacked by Jeremy

:57:31. > :57:33.Corbyn? He knew he was for the chop. He has known that for some time. We

:57:34. > :57:40.are getting ready for the blow to fall. He has made no secret of his

:57:41. > :57:46.differences with Jeremy Corbyn. We have had him attacking some of those

:57:47. > :57:51.who support Jeremy Corbyn. While we expect the likes of higher up the

:57:52. > :57:59.tree, of Hilary Benn to carry on in that post of Shadow Foreign

:58:00. > :58:03.Secretary, and Maria Eagle, Michael Dugher is the lower hanging fruit

:58:04. > :58:09.and he has been duly plug. I have been looking at his tweet. Nice to

:58:10. > :58:17.know the spirit of fraternity is not entirely dead in the Labour Party.

:58:18. > :58:22.Thank you, John. Now the sport. Hello again. The second test has

:58:23. > :58:27.resumed in Cape Town. England trying not to waste Ben Stokes's heroics at

:58:28. > :58:30.the weekend. But South Africa are eating into their first innings

:58:31. > :58:37.total. England took just one wicket all day yesterday. South African

:58:38. > :58:41.captain Hashim Amla resumed on 157. He is closing in on a double

:58:42. > :58:49.century. Faf Du Plessis is going along very well. Approaching a

:58:50. > :58:54.century. No wickets so far. South Africa 414-3.

:58:55. > :58:58.West Indies batsman Chris Gayle has been fined around ?5,000 for making

:58:59. > :59:01.inappropriate comments to a female cricket presenter in a live TV

:59:02. > :59:06.interview during a match in Australia. He is playing for

:59:07. > :59:12.Melbourne Renegades in the big bass. He asked Mel MacLachlan for a date.

:59:13. > :59:18.He said to see her eyes for the first time was nice. He told her not

:59:19. > :59:22.to blush. Returning from the match in Hobart, he spoke to the media and

:59:23. > :59:27.said it was a simple joke but he has apologised.

:59:28. > :59:35.It wasn't meant to be disrespectful or offensive to Mel. If she felt

:59:36. > :59:40.that way, I'm really sorry for that. There was not any harm meant in that

:59:41. > :59:46.particular way like that. It was a simple joke. The game was going on.

:59:47. > :59:52.Entertainment, things get out of proportion. There was no harm done.

:59:53. > :59:56.I will leave it at that. I am sorry for that.

:59:57. > :00:00.We have to move on. I was going about my business and doing my job.

:00:01. > :00:05.Definitely a good thing that people are talking. We want equality. I

:00:06. > :00:11.have always felt in my career and nothing but respect. He did issue an

:00:12. > :00:14.apology and I accept that. You do not expect to get that kind of

:00:15. > :00:18.answer. It is a little disappointing. Rafa

:00:19. > :00:23.Benitez is looking for work again only seven months after landing his

:00:24. > :00:31.dream job. This work -- is Real Madrid side only lost three times

:00:32. > :00:38.but Benitez has been sacked and replaced by the reserve team coach,

:00:39. > :00:41.Zinedine Zidane. He was one of the original star players. He must try

:00:42. > :00:46.to get the best out of the current crop of stars.

:00:47. > :00:50.I will be back at half past ten. A British Hindu man from East London

:00:51. > :00:53.who converted to Islam, is the chief suspect

:00:54. > :00:55.in the investigation to identify a masked man with an English accent

:00:56. > :00:58.who appears in the latest video 32-year-old Siddhartha Dhar

:00:59. > :01:03.travelled to Syria with his wife and four children in 2014,

:01:04. > :01:06.a day after being released on bail for terrorism offences,

:01:07. > :01:37.while being investigated by Scotland What have you been told? His sister

:01:38. > :01:44.paints a picture of a man being influenced And he gets radicalised

:01:45. > :01:48.by a group after his father died. He becomes a strict pop possibility of

:01:49. > :01:52.what then becomes Islamic state. He, as we have been hearing, had been a

:01:53. > :01:55.guest on the BBC, on other networks, talking about how much he thought

:01:56. > :02:08.the Islamic state was something that he admired.

:02:09. > :02:14.2014, he is arrested, escapes, finds his way to Paris, then over to the

:02:15. > :02:20.Islamic state where he spends about a year as this propaganda person

:02:21. > :02:24.putting up pictures of himself and children, talking about how the

:02:25. > :02:28.Islamic state was this cosmopolitan heaven. I've got to tell you,

:02:29. > :02:33.Victoria, he's been regarded as a little bit of a joke, a loud mouth,

:02:34. > :02:39.very naive, but very keen to be in the Spotlight. We had a guest saying

:02:40. > :02:44.the same thing a few minutes ago. His sister said she was so shocked

:02:45. > :02:49.that she saw this, if this is indeed him because she said she hadn't

:02:50. > :02:53.heard from him for about a year. We have been talking over the past six

:02:54. > :03:01.months or so and she said she feared he had died. She said she was

:03:02. > :03:07.shocked when she saw this video. Obviously I have mixed emotions at

:03:08. > :03:12.the moment. I think initially my first feeling in regards to the

:03:13. > :03:24.latest video which was I believe released yesterday was shock and

:03:25. > :03:28.horror. Just because of the audio and yes, I would probably say shock

:03:29. > :03:32.and horror would be the first feeling. I think the thing she

:03:33. > :03:40.really wanted to make clear was because this man had a family. Her

:03:41. > :03:44.point was that she has nieces and nephews that are there. The big

:03:45. > :03:48.difference between this guy and Mohammed Emwazi was that, although

:03:49. > :03:53.he had children, his were here. She spoke to me about this, she was

:03:54. > :03:57.worried and said should there be a drone attack, that her young nieces

:03:58. > :04:06.and nephews could be hurt in such an attacking. They never made the

:04:07. > :04:10.choice to go out there. It's important for the government and my

:04:11. > :04:13.brother and other people to look at the lives they are affecting. I

:04:14. > :04:20.think we should give them an option too because it's not fair on them

:04:21. > :04:23.either. So when you think about the possible repercussions and the fact

:04:24. > :04:31.that he has a family that could be affected, how does that make you

:04:32. > :04:36.feel? A mixture of feelings, sad, powerless, disheartened. I wish

:04:37. > :04:42.there was something in place to perhaps, I don't know, enable the

:04:43. > :04:48.children to have a better life. If he was here now, what would you say?

:04:49. > :04:53.What are you doing and do you even care to know how I feel about this

:04:54. > :04:57.and, you know, God, you're supposed to be my older brother here and I've

:04:58. > :05:01.got so much love and respect for you but what are you doing? What would

:05:02. > :05:05.your message be for the Government as they prepare possibly a reaction

:05:06. > :05:11.to what they have seen? I would like for them to consider sort of the

:05:12. > :05:16.families that the children who're also involved, I would like for them

:05:17. > :05:20.to consider that most - I can't speak for everyone - but people like

:05:21. > :05:25.my brother are British still, not that that should have any sort of

:05:26. > :05:32.prominence into who should be killed or not, but they're still British

:05:33. > :05:36.nationals. I think it would be very sort of wrong of the Government to

:05:37. > :05:40.issue further air strikes on this. I think if it is possible for

:05:41. > :05:45.alternatives to be considered, I would like for them to be considered

:05:46. > :05:49.and if there's anything that I or anyone else can do to help prevent

:05:50. > :05:54.further atrocities, we need to be well informed. I also think that

:05:55. > :05:58.families that are left behind sort of, it's really heartbreaking to

:05:59. > :06:04.watch this as it is to accept. I just can't imagine him wanting to do

:06:05. > :06:06.this. He's the most amicable, friendly, light-hearted person that

:06:07. > :06:10.I'll remember and I'll always remember that being my brother. You

:06:11. > :06:16.have given me a lot of how you are thinking, but you have not told me

:06:17. > :06:26.how you're feeling? I feel helpless. I don't know what I can do and I

:06:27. > :06:34.feel devastated and powerless. That sums up how I feel. There was a

:06:35. > :06:38.sense that she's sad and in denial too about whether this could be her

:06:39. > :06:42.brother which, we should say, we still don't know 100%, we have had a

:06:43. > :06:47.suggestion that it's the government's main suspect, but we

:06:48. > :06:52.haven't had confirmation. Breaking news to bring you: This about HSBC

:06:53. > :06:57.customers. Millions of customers having problems with online banking

:06:58. > :07:02.for the second day running. The online service failed after HSBC

:07:03. > :07:06.said it was back up and running. Customers are being directed, and

:07:07. > :07:10.you will know this if you are a customer, being directed to the app

:07:11. > :07:14.for smartphones but this is a lot slower than normal. They don't know

:07:15. > :07:18.yet what the fault is but they are working on it. This bit of breaking

:07:19. > :07:22.news about the weather and the rainfall in December, this perhaps

:07:23. > :07:28.won't surprise you. December 2015 was the wettest month in the UK

:07:29. > :07:32.since records began back in 1910, those are provisional figures from

:07:33. > :07:36.the Met Office. The wettest month in Britain since records began back in

:07:37. > :07:47.1910. Let us nip back to Westminster. And our Political

:07:48. > :07:50.Editor Norman Smith is there. Mr Dugher sacked. What do you know

:07:51. > :07:56.about this? This is the first sacking by Jeremy Corbyn. At long

:07:57. > :08:00.last, there is movement. Michael Dugher was the Shadow Culture

:08:01. > :08:04.Secretary, he is out. He's been one of the most critical of the Shadow

:08:05. > :08:08.Cabinet about Mr Corbyn both in public and in private. In public

:08:09. > :08:12.just a couple of days ago he was warning about the whole idea of a

:08:13. > :08:19.cull of Mr Corbyn's critics saying the Shadow Cabinet would be reduced

:08:20. > :08:23.to a polit bureau. He came up with the original description of the

:08:24. > :08:27.so-called revenge reshuffle. Mr Corbyn told him a short time ago, I

:08:28. > :08:30.don't like what you have been writing about me and Mr Dugher's

:08:31. > :08:35.response was, I felt I needed to stick up for colleagues. He wished

:08:36. > :08:39.him a happy New Year, but that is it, he is gone. The interesting

:08:40. > :08:44.thing is, will anyone else go? At the moment, all the signs are this

:08:45. > :08:47.could yet be the damp squib reshuffle because the indications

:08:48. > :08:51.are Hilary Benn, the Shadow Foreign Secretary will keep his job, he's

:08:52. > :08:55.not going to be booted out even though he clashed with Mr Corbyn

:08:56. > :08:59.over Syria. Likewise, Maria eagle who disagrees with him over Trident

:09:00. > :09:07.will remain in the Shadow Cabinet but no longer in the defence port

:09:08. > :09:12.polio. And even prominent Blairites like Lord Falconer look set to keep

:09:13. > :09:16.their job. So after all this hype about the big shake-up, the radical

:09:17. > :09:21.restructuring, the indications are actually it could be a pretty

:09:22. > :09:25.modest, pretty restrained, pretty minor reshuffle.

:09:26. > :09:28.Thank you very much. Norman will be back should there be

:09:29. > :09:31.more promotions or demotions, if we can put it like that!

:09:32. > :09:35.The family of David Rathband - the police officer shot and blinded

:09:36. > :09:37.by gunman Raoul Moat - are suing Northumbria Police

:09:38. > :09:42.They claim the force were negligent in not warning officers that Moat

:09:43. > :09:44.had threatened to kill a police officer just minutes before

:09:45. > :09:47.he attacked David Rathband, who was sitting in his patrol car

:09:48. > :09:57.Here's a reminder of the events of early July 2010.

:09:58. > :10:08.One night in the summer of 2010, two people were shot in the quiet town

:10:09. > :10:13.of Wrothbury. S Samantha was injured and her partner was killed. Good

:10:14. > :10:17.evening, armed police in Northumbria are searching for a man suspected of

:10:18. > :10:25.double shooting... Police sooned looked for a middle aged man

:10:26. > :10:28.released from Durham Prison. Moat was stock Bart's ex-boyfriend and

:10:29. > :10:34.held a grudge against the police. Innocent people have been hurt. This

:10:35. > :10:38.must stop now. After the first shooting, Moat went on the run.

:10:39. > :10:44.Locals were told to stay indoors. Nothing prepares you for see a

:10:45. > :10:49.picture postcard town like this one patrolled by heavily armed police

:10:50. > :10:54.marksmen. The team have promised to post police officers outside every

:10:55. > :10:57.school. In the small hours of July 4th, Moat phoned the police to tell

:10:58. > :11:01.them he was on the lookout for officers. Minutes after that call,

:11:02. > :11:06.he approached a parked police car and shot into the front windscreen.

:11:07. > :11:18.The man sitting inside, David Wrathband was taken to hospital, in

:11:19. > :11:24.a critical condition -- Rathband. Moat called the police again.

:11:25. > :11:30.After seven days on the run, Moat was cornered in a field to the north

:11:31. > :11:34.of the village lying down on the grass, he held a gun against his own

:11:35. > :11:38.head. After six hours of negotiations, he pulled the trigger.

:11:39. > :11:44.He was later pronounced dead at Newcastle General Hospital.

:11:45. > :11:48.The police officer who was shot, David Rathband was blinded in both

:11:49. > :11:53.eyes. Unable to cope, he took his own life in 2012. His brother and

:11:54. > :11:57.sister are now continuing the legal case he started and taking

:11:58. > :12:00.Northumbria Police to the High Court saying they were negligent for not

:12:01. > :12:03.quickly warning officers of the threat to their own lives.

:12:04. > :12:07.David Rathband told me in an interview in October 2010,

:12:08. > :12:13.three months after the atttack, about its devastating impact on him.

:12:14. > :12:21.The hardest thing is knowing that it's only because I'm determined

:12:22. > :12:29.that I go out the house, you know, to actually pick up a white stick

:12:30. > :12:42.and walk out of a house with no vision at all... It's extremely

:12:43. > :12:52.hard. But erm... But I do it. And I do it with 100%

:12:53. > :12:56.commitment because I want to achieve some level of normality and I want

:12:57. > :13:05.to get back to being what I was before I was shot. Me out walking

:13:06. > :13:09.with a cane, to do that is just the level of concentration that's

:13:10. > :13:14.required, my thought process is why I'm doing it in relation to things

:13:15. > :13:17.happening to me while I'm out and about and I don't foresee a time

:13:18. > :13:22.where I'll be able to do that on my own which is a big loss to me.

:13:23. > :13:27.When you are out and about, do you feel pretty vulnerable? You know,

:13:28. > :13:31.when I joined the police, I used to struggle with people's fear of crime

:13:32. > :13:35.and I think a lot of that was because I used to try to do my best

:13:36. > :13:39.to do something to remove the issue, whether it was arresting people or

:13:40. > :13:44.what not, but it's gone full circle for me now. Every time that I've

:13:45. > :13:46.been out with a mobility trainer or my wife, I feel vulnerable. It's not

:13:47. > :13:49.a very nice place to be. We can speak exclusively now

:13:50. > :13:52.to David Rathband's twin brother, Darren Rathband, in his first TV

:13:53. > :13:56.interview, on why he and his sister are still pursuing the legal action

:13:57. > :14:06.that David started before he died Darren, thank you very much for

:14:07. > :14:15.talking to us. Why is it important to you that you continue this legal

:14:16. > :14:19.action? Hello and thanks for giving us the opportunity to speak to you.

:14:20. > :14:25.I suppose the main reason is David started it. David was quite adamant

:14:26. > :14:32.that he was let down by his Police Service and having been told by his

:14:33. > :14:35.Chief Constable and obviously I was present that that happened, that

:14:36. > :14:41.they could have done more and that he should sue them, he's commenced

:14:42. > :14:46.the legal proceedings, sought advice and the advice was that there was a

:14:47. > :14:49.claim there or certainly the legal team thought that there was a claim

:14:50. > :14:54.there and that he had been let down and put into a position of danger

:14:55. > :15:01.that could have been avoided. Effectively, what you are saying, is

:15:02. > :15:05.that the gunman had actually phoned 999 to say he was hunting for police

:15:06. > :15:11.officers and that the Northumbria force was negligent in not passing

:15:12. > :15:14.that warning on to all those working who were on patrol that night, like

:15:15. > :15:18.your brother? I think that's obviously one of the issues that the

:15:19. > :15:24.legal team have identified and obviously that led to the ultimate

:15:25. > :15:28.incident where David was shot and left fighting for his life at the

:15:29. > :15:36.side of the road. The strange thing is, David was single crewed that

:15:37. > :15:40.evening which ultimately saved his partner but was against their own

:15:41. > :15:45.policy. Northumbria police aren't the only Police Service in the UK

:15:46. > :15:48.that have a single crew policy. They breached their own policy, as well

:15:49. > :15:52.as other Police Services do, across the UK.

:15:53. > :15:59.But had he been alongside a colleague in that car, he might

:16:00. > :16:05.still have been snot? Yes, look, I'm fully aware that it may have been

:16:06. > :16:12.somebody else but the issue is, they may not have been there and I think

:16:13. > :16:16.if we go back to the warning, if that warning would have been given

:16:17. > :16:20.out by their control room that was in chaos at the time, then David may

:16:21. > :16:23.not have been shot, probably wouldn't have been shot and no other

:16:24. > :16:29.officers would have been put at risk. And it's strange actually

:16:30. > :16:36.Victoria because, prior to David being shot, I think it was stated

:16:37. > :16:39.that Moat and that vehicle he was driving in was actually following

:16:40. > :16:44.another patrol car so it could have been more than one person that was

:16:45. > :16:49.shot that was serving for Northumbria Police.

:16:50. > :16:56.What do you want from the force? I want Northumbria police to

:16:57. > :17:01.acknowledge that they let David down. It is too late for David but

:17:02. > :17:06.it is not too late for other officers. It is not unique to

:17:07. > :17:11.Northumbria police. It is across the whole country. If you are injured on

:17:12. > :17:15.duty, and having served as a police officer in the UK, you have to fight

:17:16. > :17:21.for everything. David had to fight to get counselling after being

:17:22. > :17:26.blasted in the face by a maniac. He had to fight for psychological

:17:27. > :17:29.treatment. He was told he could only have minimum sessions. That is the

:17:30. > :17:35.sort of thing that officers across the country have to go through on a

:17:36. > :17:40.day-to-day basis. They give everything and they get nothing back

:17:41. > :17:47.in return when they are injured. I know that your brother was hoping

:17:48. > :17:50.for a financial pay-out to help pay for his medical care and to support

:17:51. > :17:58.his children. Is that something you want as well? The first thing David

:17:59. > :18:05.was hoping for was that his left eye was repairable. He was hoping more

:18:06. > :18:09.than anything, he was not interested in the money, he was interested in

:18:10. > :18:13.trying to get some sort of normality, like what was said in the

:18:14. > :18:21.piece you played before. David just wanted some sort of vision. Losing

:18:22. > :18:31.his eyesight, he knew that he had to fight to be supported after the

:18:32. > :18:38.police service or going forward as a blind 44-year-old, or 42-year-old

:18:39. > :18:47.male. Money would not have given him what he wanted back. His family now,

:18:48. > :18:54.I am left to fight my brother's battle for his children. They

:18:55. > :18:59.benefit from any litigation. They are the sole beneficiaries of

:19:00. > :19:04.David's estate. Nobody gets any money apart from the kids. I am

:19:05. > :19:08.determined to see it through the end and hopefully the judgment will come

:19:09. > :19:16.down in our favour and vindicate what David said from the day he was

:19:17. > :19:18.shot. Thank you for talking to us. The twin brother of PC David

:19:19. > :19:21.Rathband. That case begins next week. Darren in Adelaide in

:19:22. > :19:23.Australia. We asked Northumbria Police

:19:24. > :19:25.for a statement to respond They told us: "It would be

:19:26. > :19:37.inappropriate for us to make any We'll take a look at Barack Obama's

:19:38. > :19:40.plans to widen background checks on buyers of firearms,

:19:41. > :19:42.in a series of measures And later, the moment a blind woman

:19:43. > :20:03.sees for the first time in 16 years Government ministers will be free to

:20:04. > :20:07.campaign for either side in the EU referendum. That will only come

:20:08. > :20:12.after the Prime Minister has reached a deal on reforming the UK's

:20:13. > :20:14.relationship with the European Union.

:20:15. > :20:19.A referendum has been promised next year. There is trouble ahead on

:20:20. > :20:24.Europe whatever happens for the Conservative Party. This was a rift

:20:25. > :20:29.waiting to happen. There could have been cabinet and other resignations

:20:30. > :20:32.if ministers had not been given this freedom to campaign. David Cameron

:20:33. > :20:36.is trying to forestall this at least. There are bigger apples on

:20:37. > :20:40.the table as well. If this referendum goes the way of Britain

:20:41. > :20:45.leaving the European Union, they are talking about whether David Cameron

:20:46. > :20:48.can survive as leader. Michael Dugher, until this morning

:20:49. > :20:54.Shadow culture secretary, has been sacked as part of the Labour

:20:55. > :20:58.reshuffle. Apparently he was told the Labour Party leader did not like

:20:59. > :21:02.the things he was writing. Liam Byrne told us Jeremy Corbyn should

:21:03. > :21:06.appoint more women. Labour is blessed with some

:21:07. > :21:10.outstanding female politicians. If you are the leader of the Labour

:21:11. > :21:14.Party, you are a bit like a football manager. It is your job to put the

:21:15. > :21:16.best team on the pitch. Right now most of us want to see more women

:21:17. > :21:21.playing in stronger positions. A Muslim convert from east London

:21:22. > :21:24.is the main suspect as security agencies work to confirm

:21:25. > :21:26.the identity of a masked extremist in a video released

:21:27. > :21:28.by the Islamic State terror group. Siddhartha Dhar travelled to Syria

:21:29. > :21:38.with his family in 2014. Millions of HSBC customers are

:21:39. > :21:43.having problems with online banking for a second day. The bank has not

:21:44. > :21:47.worked out what the fault is but insists it is not an attack from

:21:48. > :21:50.outside. The Met Office says December was the

:21:51. > :21:56.wettest month in Britain since records began in 1910. Swathes of

:21:57. > :22:06.the country have seen floods. The average temperature is the highest

:22:07. > :22:16.at 7.9 Celsius since 1984. Now the sport. Still no wickets for

:22:17. > :22:25.England in the second test in Cape Town. Any chance of victory seems to

:22:26. > :22:28.be slipping away, with South Africa on 420 8003. Captain Hashim Amla has

:22:29. > :22:32.brought up his double century before lunch.

:22:33. > :22:35.West Indies batsman Chris Gayle has been fined around ?5,000 for making

:22:36. > :22:38.inappropriate comments to a female cricket presenter in a live TV

:22:39. > :22:39.interview during a match in Australia.

:22:40. > :22:43.He is playing for Melbourne Renegades in the Big Bash.

:22:44. > :22:50.Naomi Broady has claimed the best win of her career. She beat second

:22:51. > :22:54.seed and former world number one and Ivanovic in straight sets at the

:22:55. > :22:58.Auckland classic. And Zinedine Zidane says he feels more emotional

:22:59. > :23:04.now than when he joined the club as a player. He has taken over from

:23:05. > :23:05.Rafa Benitez as Real Madrid manager. The Spaniard was sacked after only

:23:06. > :23:07.seven months in charge. It seems so simple -

:23:08. > :23:10.a drug that can make you smarter, improve your memory,

:23:11. > :23:12.your concentration or motivation, and generally help you perform

:23:13. > :23:29.better at work or when preparing Could it be that simple? Susan says

:23:30. > :23:37.they will not enhance your intelligence. Helen says she has had

:23:38. > :23:43.some on prescription. For heard a side were awful. She said whatever

:23:44. > :23:49.came into airhead. She also had insomnia. She finds it really

:23:50. > :23:56.worrying that they can be obtained by some naive people. Leading

:23:57. > :23:58.experts tell us there are no long-term safety studies into the

:23:59. > :24:00.damaged so-called smart drugs may do.

:24:01. > :24:03.The Home Office have told us they don't plan on including them

:24:04. > :24:05.in an upcoming bill banning drugs with "psychoactive effect"

:24:06. > :24:14.Benjamin Zand has been investigating.

:24:15. > :24:20.After a week of waiting my parcel has arrived from the undisclosed

:24:21. > :24:24.location in India to my desk in London. I am slightly nervous for a

:24:25. > :24:29.number of reasons. Mainly because I do not usually take prescription

:24:30. > :24:35.drugs. I held off taking the drugs until the following day. I also

:24:36. > :24:38.consulted a doctor. I was taking a huge risk. I was heading to

:24:39. > :24:44.Cambridge University to try and find out how and if modafinil actually

:24:45. > :24:50.worked. They had agreed to test me to see if it had any effect on my

:24:51. > :24:57.cognitive abilities. Can you tell me how it works? We know about its

:24:58. > :25:01.actions in the brain and we know it affects neurotransmitters but we do

:25:02. > :25:04.not know which one of these effects is to do with the improvements we

:25:05. > :25:10.have seen in people's cognition. We know it acts on dopamine and low

:25:11. > :25:14.adrenaline. We think all of these are important for cognitive

:25:15. > :25:19.functions. The professor has been studying modafinil for years. She

:25:20. > :25:25.says we still do not really know how it works as a cognitive enhancer.

:25:26. > :25:30.But she says it does work. Depends what you mean by, do they make you

:25:31. > :25:35.more smart? They might improve your ability to plan and problem solve.

:25:36. > :25:39.Does that mean you are getting smarter? After the interview I was

:25:40. > :25:44.taken into a room to do the test. The idea is I am going to do a test

:25:45. > :25:45.without taking modafinil and one taking modafinil and comparing the

:25:46. > :25:56.performance. Over lunch I took my first ever hit

:25:57. > :26:01.modafinil. I don't really feel that much different. It has been about an

:26:02. > :26:05.hour and a half. I feel pretty much the same. I do feel slightly more

:26:06. > :26:07.awake. I have just walked in the cold for a while so maybe that is

:26:08. > :26:22.why. I will keep you posted. You performed better than 95% of the

:26:23. > :26:26.population. When you were not on modafinil you scored better than

:26:27. > :26:36.85%. Does that make me a genius? Yes! Three hours flew by in a matter

:26:37. > :26:40.of seconds. And I feel so much more awake, so much more focused and

:26:41. > :26:44.quite amazed. These tests must be taken with a pinch of salt. There

:26:45. > :26:49.are other factors that could have contributed to my results. It is is

:26:50. > :26:53.busy vixen. At this point I needed to see how it worked in real life.

:26:54. > :26:56.It was not going to be plain sailing.

:26:57. > :27:02.To watch the full film, headed to our programme page. Let's talk to

:27:03. > :27:11.Marcus Ball, who has been taking smart drugs for six months, and the

:27:12. > :27:15.professor you saw in the film. Markers, once a month for six months

:27:16. > :27:20.you have been taking modafinil, why? I do not want to take it too often.

:27:21. > :27:27.The long-term studies are almost nonexistent. The first time I tried

:27:28. > :27:32.it the effects for me were so strong and it felt so effective and helped

:27:33. > :27:37.me so much, it kind of made me feel that anything that good cannot be

:27:38. > :27:40.good for you in the long term. What were you like before you took it and

:27:41. > :27:44.when you started taking it what difference did you see? I have

:27:45. > :27:48.always been focused and hard-working. I have always

:27:49. > :27:52.considered myself to be very focused, as I said. When I took the

:27:53. > :27:56.drug for the first time it gave me better perspective. Just to be clear

:27:57. > :28:02.I am not better perspective. Just to be clear

:28:03. > :28:05.for me personally it helped me. I realised how lazy I was previously.

:28:06. > :28:10.I would never have considered myself to be lazy. The way I would describe

:28:11. > :28:15.the sensation is when you are doing work that is quite stressful, you

:28:16. > :28:21.have several different emotions. Self-doubt, the desire to be

:28:22. > :28:25.distracted, procrastination etc. When I first took it I did not feel

:28:26. > :28:33.those sensations. I felt this is my work, I have to get it done. And yes

:28:34. > :28:36.I did. And it was fantastic. It felt fantastic, yes. Board was the

:28:37. > :28:46.quality of the work all right? I hope so. I think so, personally. Is

:28:47. > :28:51.the effect similar to drinking ten cups of Coffey in a day? You do have

:28:52. > :29:02.to take a lot of caffeine as Coffey did get a similar effect. That is

:29:03. > :29:06.usually 100 mg or 200 milligrams. Usually when you take that much

:29:07. > :29:12.caffeine, a lot of people will notice they get tremors or

:29:13. > :29:17.palpitations. The other side effects usually come on with the higher

:29:18. > :29:20.doses of caffeine. That is one reason we did some studies. I love

:29:21. > :29:27.that sleep deprived surgeons to see if it would improve their surgery.

:29:28. > :29:32.You do not want any tremor in a surgeon. There might be better

:29:33. > :29:38.alerting agents which do not have those side-effects. What was the

:29:39. > :29:41.outcome of that? We found the surgeons under modafinil were less

:29:42. > :29:47.impulsive and better at problem solving. It did help them. They did

:29:48. > :29:52.not experience side-effects. The issue is long-term? The issue is

:29:53. > :29:56.long-term because we have no long-term safety studies and we need

:29:57. > :30:03.those. Any chance of that happening soon? Is quite difficult because the

:30:04. > :30:10.FDA and Fee MA are usually looking at treatments for disorders or

:30:11. > :30:13.diseases. They do not look at the regulation of drugs for healthy

:30:14. > :30:18.people. Now that we have this expanding lifestyle use of these

:30:19. > :30:25.cognitive enhancing smart drugs it is important these studies are done.

:30:26. > :30:30.Any negative side-effects? None at all. I went off it. Very thirsty.

:30:31. > :30:38.Having to drink a lot of water. That is basically it. Dehydration, is

:30:39. > :30:42.that something you have come across? With any of these drugs, especially

:30:43. > :30:48.if you're working a lot, you have to remember to take fluids. One thing

:30:49. > :30:53.Marcus has brought out it is not just the cognitive enhancement, it

:30:54. > :30:57.is the task related motivation, which we have seen. For these tasks

:30:58. > :30:59.were you have to get down and do them, the drugs help people. They

:31:00. > :31:13.find the task more pleasurable. You said you were a focussed

:31:14. > :31:19.individual? It magnifies it. If I had boring tasks to accomplish, like

:31:20. > :31:23.e-mails over and over again, when I was on Modafanil, it was so easy, I

:31:24. > :31:27.could breeze through it. Have you read them back the next day? Yes,

:31:28. > :31:30.everything seemed fine, I haven't had any awful news since then. You

:31:31. > :31:34.said you are not going to take it long-term because there are no

:31:35. > :31:37.long-term safety issues and you have decided that anything that is that

:31:38. > :31:41.good for you in your view maybe cannot be good for you? Maybe,

:31:42. > :31:46.there's not that much evidence. When will you stop? I don't know. The

:31:47. > :31:49.biggest issue is sourcing it. Buying it on the Internet, how can you

:31:50. > :31:54.trust that, where does it come from, who is making it? I think the

:31:55. > :31:57.Government should team up with a pharmaceutical company and create

:31:58. > :32:01.some kind of safe supply and tie that in with research so they can

:32:02. > :32:07.sup my it to people in the UK and test the effects. You are nodding in

:32:08. > :32:10.agreement. I agree. I've written in my publications that the Government

:32:11. > :32:14.should get together with the pharmaceutical industry because

:32:15. > :32:19.people are buying the drugs over the Internet, which is an unsafe way to

:32:20. > :32:27.get prescription only medication. To restrict harms harms it will be

:32:28. > :32:32.better. We heard in the film that Benjamin produced, he had a 10%

:32:33. > :32:36.improvement. The Academy of Medical Sciences showed in their report that

:32:37. > :32:40.even a small 10% improvement in a memory score could lead to a higher

:32:41. > :32:44.A-level grade or degree class, so there may be times when we want to

:32:45. > :32:51.use the drugs. The military is using them. The Canadians use them for

:32:52. > :33:01.astronauts, so they are in use and in America you can get Modafanil due

:33:02. > :33:02.to shift work problems because they found it reduces accidents in the

:33:03. > :33:04.work place. President Barack Obama is expected

:33:05. > :33:07.to announce plans for tougher restrictions on gun ownership

:33:08. > :33:10.in the United States All gun sellers will have to be

:33:11. > :33:16.registered as dealers and must carry Officials say privacy laws will be

:33:17. > :33:21.amended to remove legal barriers on checking the mental health

:33:22. > :33:24.records of potential owners. Mr Obama said the measures

:33:25. > :33:32.have the potential to save lives. Although we have to be very clear

:33:33. > :33:37.that this is not going to solve every violent crime in this country,

:33:38. > :33:40.it's not going to prevent every mass shooting, it's not going to keep the

:33:41. > :33:48.gun out of every hands of a criminal. It will potentially save

:33:49. > :33:50.lives in this country and spare families the pain and the

:33:51. > :33:51.extraordinary loss that they suffer. Let's talk now to Jeff Mason -

:33:52. > :34:04.he's the Reuters White House Thank you very much for joining us.

:34:05. > :34:08.I know it's early there. Tell us what difference it will make to

:34:09. > :34:12.those buying and selling guns, what will the sellers have to do with

:34:13. > :34:17.customers? It will effect more people. The attorney of the United

:34:18. > :34:22.States explained to us that this could effect people who maybe sell

:34:23. > :34:27.one or two guns at a flea market, also people who'd be selling guns

:34:28. > :34:31.over the Internet, at gun shows and in stores. They'll be required to be

:34:32. > :34:34.licensed and that will trigger a requirement that gun buyers go

:34:35. > :34:39.through background checks. It will effect a lot more people and that is

:34:40. > :34:43.the loophole in current US law that the White House was aiming to close

:34:44. > :34:48.with the new regulations. So if you wanted to sell me a gun, you have to

:34:49. > :34:51.get yourself a licence. What kind of background checks do you do on me if

:34:52. > :34:56.I wanted to buy a gun, what would you need to ask me? That's a good

:34:57. > :35:00.question. I don't think it's that the gun dealer himself would have to

:35:01. > :35:03.conduct the background check. There are background checks that would be

:35:04. > :35:08.triggered through the Government, through the FBI, to look into

:35:09. > :35:13.whether or not you are on a list or on some kind of a warning that would

:35:14. > :35:16.suggest that you would not be capable or should not be owning a

:35:17. > :35:21.gun. OK. How is President Obama going to get this through if he's

:35:22. > :35:26.going to by pass congress? Well, that's a good question and that's

:35:27. > :35:30.kind of the point. He's using his executive authority to install this

:35:31. > :35:35.new regulation that. Means he's not creating a law that needs to be

:35:36. > :35:38.passed by congress and that is the rub with Republicans who oppose what

:35:39. > :35:43.he's doing, they say he's going around them instead of going through

:35:44. > :35:56.them. The reason he's doing that is, he tried in 2013 after the school

:35:57. > :36:02.shooting, he tried to pass new measures and failed. He did some

:36:03. > :36:05.executive action and now, a couple of years later, he's making one last

:36:06. > :36:09.attempt to use his executive authority to make this happen. He

:36:10. > :36:12.made a point of saving in The Oval office yesterday that this was

:36:13. > :36:16.consistent with the second amendment of the US Constitution with which

:36:17. > :36:20.guarantees Americans the right to bear arms. But it will almost

:36:21. > :36:23.certainly cause some people to think, hey, this isn't legally sound

:36:24. > :36:29.and could lead to some challenges in court.

:36:30. > :36:32.Thank you very much Jeff Mason. Thank you for waiting up for us.

:36:33. > :36:36.A woman who's gradually been losing her sight for years has been

:36:37. > :36:39.describing the joys of being able to see again after being fitted

:36:40. > :36:45.Forty nine year old Rhian Lewis, from Cardiff, lost all her sight

:36:46. > :36:49.in her right eye and most of the sight in her left eye 16

:36:50. > :36:52.years ago, but as part of a trial at John Radcliffe hospital in Oxford

:36:53. > :36:55.she was given a retinal implant, which could go on to benefit

:36:56. > :36:59.thousands of people suffering from sight loss.

:37:00. > :37:01.This is Rhian explaining her condition and the moment

:37:02. > :37:06.when the implant is switched on for the first time.

:37:07. > :37:12.It's a bit like if someone is putting a dimmer switch off ever so

:37:13. > :37:17.gradually and it's going lower and lower and lower and the light is

:37:18. > :37:21.going less and less. It's been maybe eight years since I've had any idea

:37:22. > :37:31.what my children look like and I certainly don't know how I've aged.

:37:32. > :37:46.It's a pulse and then a flash. Should I go down further...

:37:47. > :38:07.Six and 12. Flee. -- three. I think three is longer. Oh, it is. Oh, my

:38:08. > :38:13.God. Well done. I got it right. Well done. Honest to God, it felt like

:38:14. > :38:28.Christmas Day. Let's talk to Alexina, one of the

:38:29. > :38:31.nurse leaders of the trial at Oxford's John Radcliffe Hospital.

:38:32. > :38:40.Thank you very much for talking to us, it is amazing isn't it? ! It is.

:38:41. > :38:51.Thank you, Victoria. Yes, this is the second phase of a very exciting

:38:52. > :38:56.programme of trials for us. We on rated on six patients over the last

:38:57. > :39:00.six years -- operated on six patients. We have operated on three

:39:01. > :39:04.more and will have three more lined up. For the second phase of the

:39:05. > :39:09.study, the results so far are very promising.

:39:10. > :39:14.So for short hand, we are calling it a bionic eye, I don't know if that

:39:15. > :39:18.pleases or displeases you, but it's effectively a tiny electronic chip

:39:19. > :39:25.at the back of Rhian's retina. Tell us how it worked? Well, the retina

:39:26. > :39:32.at the back of the eye has cells which pick up the light and transmit

:39:33. > :39:47.images to the brain to be translated. With the retina pig

:39:48. > :39:56.meant, the photo cremes progressively lose their activity

:39:57. > :40:01.and so the retinal implement is replacing those photo receptors. The

:40:02. > :40:07.optic nerve has to be in good working order and we carry out a lot

:40:08. > :40:17.of tests before we select our participants to make sure that

:40:18. > :40:24.that's in good working order. The images are transferred through the

:40:25. > :40:30.chip, through the optic nerve to the visual centre in the brain to

:40:31. > :40:35.translate as images. I understand. So it's replacing the function of

:40:36. > :40:44.the photo receptors. That's right. How tiny is it Very tiny, 3mm x 3mm.

:40:45. > :40:51.OK. In terms of the operation, how long does it take, how complicated

:40:52. > :40:59.is it? The operation is very complex indeed, involving a team of

:41:00. > :41:02.surgeons, opthalmologists and ear, nose and throat surgeons. The

:41:03. > :41:10.operation itself takes approximately eight hours. Sometimes a little

:41:11. > :41:14.less, sometimes a little bit more, depending on anything that presents

:41:15. > :41:19.itself during the surgery process. And after the operation, does it

:41:20. > :41:30.take time for somebody like Rhian to sort of learn to use it, if I can

:41:31. > :41:35.put it like that? Yes. Let's compare it perhaps with relearning a skill.

:41:36. > :41:42.These individuals will have had vision in the early part of their

:41:43. > :41:48.life. We prefer to select individuals who have had vision up

:41:49. > :41:58.to approximately the age of 12 years of age so they have a good visual

:41:59. > :42:03.memory and when we stimulate the retina again and reactivate this

:42:04. > :42:10.process, the patients essentially have to relearn to see so it's quite

:42:11. > :42:16.a long process and it involves quite a lot of training similar to the

:42:17. > :42:24.training that you will have seen Rhian taking part in in the filming.

:42:25. > :42:31.Yes. In terms of other people then who've been losing their sight, is

:42:32. > :42:37.it as simple as saying this chip can be implanted into all sorts of

:42:38. > :42:49.people with partial vision? No. We have to select our patients very

:42:50. > :42:52.carefully. We have to concentrate on patients with retinitis pigmentosa

:42:53. > :42:55.at the moment because they have a fully functioning optic nerve still.

:42:56. > :43:06.We have to do a lot of testing before we select our patients and

:43:07. > :43:08.that's one of the main criteria. So very careful patient selection,

:43:09. > :43:16.especially with the individuals. We have to make sure that

:43:17. > :43:23.psychologically they are able to take part. If you can imagine taking

:43:24. > :43:31.part in such complex surgery, they are committing themselveses to a

:43:32. > :43:38.long programme of a clinical trial. If for any reason we find after the

:43:39. > :43:42.surgery and switching the retinal implant on, it's not fully

:43:43. > :43:46.functioning, that's a big disappointment for somebody so we do

:43:47. > :43:53.have to prepare them very carefully for dis disappointments in case the

:43:54. > :43:56.implant doesn't work. OK, thank you very much.

:43:57. > :43:59.Thank you for your company today, and for all your messages

:44:00. > :44:00.which really do help to inform our conversations.

:44:01. > :44:02.Joanna is presenting the programme tomorrow,