15/03/2016

:00:14. > :00:24.Every piece of evidence at this point in time shows that it is not

:00:25. > :00:27.funded. The National Audit Office, a few days ago, issued a warning

:00:28. > :00:31.effectively saying, you need to look at this level of funding. Government

:00:32. > :00:35.has chosen to ignore the only credible research that is out there

:00:36. > :00:37.which shows that there is, roughly speaking, about an 80% shortfall.

:00:38. > :01:04.War in Syria through the eyes of children.

:01:05. > :01:07.From that film just after 9:30am this morning.

:01:08. > :01:10.Truckers tell this programme why they're going to court

:01:11. > :01:13.to try to overturn fines handed out if a migrant sneaks onto their lorry

:01:14. > :01:27.Hello, welcome to the programme, we're on BBC Two and the BBC

:01:28. > :01:31.Throughout the morning we'll bring you the latest breaking news

:01:32. > :01:33.and developing stories, and, as always, keen to hear

:01:34. > :01:38.from you on everything we're talking about.

:01:39. > :01:45.Have a look at this picture of a German Shepherd, voted best in breed

:01:46. > :01:51.at Crufts. It has been widely criticised for its, quote, deformed

:01:52. > :01:55.back. You can see its back is sloping, it is not necessarily meant

:01:56. > :01:59.to be. Quite a few people, dog owners, dog breeders, said that is

:02:00. > :02:02.the result of poor breeding. We will bring you the story later but we are

:02:03. > :02:04.keen to hear your views, is it a sign of poor breeding. Get in touch

:02:05. > :02:06.in the usual ways. If you text, you will be charged

:02:07. > :02:10.at the standard network rate. And of course you can watch

:02:11. > :02:12.the programme online wherever you are via the BBC News app

:02:13. > :02:15.or our website, bbc.co.uk/victoria. First today, this programme has

:02:16. > :02:18.discovered the cost of sending one and two-year-olds to nursery

:02:19. > :02:20.in England may have to increase substantially when free childcare

:02:21. > :02:29.for older children doubles. Early years providers say the amount

:02:30. > :02:32.they are being offered to pay for the new scheme will not

:02:33. > :02:35.cover their costs, and there is a real danger fees may have

:02:36. > :02:38.to rise elsewhere to make Our reporter Jim Reed

:02:39. > :02:49.is here to talk us through it. Good morning, Jim.

:02:50. > :02:52.Good morning. This is about the childcare bill which is currently

:02:53. > :02:56.going through Parliament. It is important to say it affects England

:02:57. > :02:59.only, we will go through the changes in Northern Ireland, Wales and

:03:00. > :03:03.Scotland in a second, but the England the main headline grabbing

:03:04. > :03:07.change is, as it currently stands, if you have a three or

:03:08. > :03:12.four-year-old, you get 15 hours a week free childcare normally at

:03:13. > :03:16.nursery. From September 20 17th it doubles to 30 hours a week in term

:03:17. > :03:19.time, that is the theory. Many people worried about how it will

:03:20. > :03:24.work in practice. What is the problem?

:03:25. > :03:26.The UK has some of the most expensive childcare not just in

:03:27. > :03:31.Europe but across the world so parents will want to know how this

:03:32. > :03:36.will work, how will an extra 15 hours be divided up? If we look at a

:03:37. > :03:40.calendar of a basic week, at the moment you get 15 hours a week free,

:03:41. > :03:48.which works out at about 1.5 days for a full-time child care. This

:03:49. > :03:52.white area is what you have to pay for if you want any extra. Childcare

:03:53. > :03:56.providers said the amount they get from the Government for these 15

:03:57. > :04:02.hours simply isn't enough, they are not making it pay, they are making a

:04:03. > :04:06.loss. They said they get ?3.83 per hour per child from the Government

:04:07. > :04:10.and it costs ?5.51 to provide that care. What happens? Look at this

:04:11. > :04:15.white area, if you take extra childcare than the cost of paying

:04:16. > :04:19.for this goes up over the odds to pay for the difference and plug the

:04:20. > :04:22.gap. It is called cross subsidisation and that is how it

:04:23. > :04:25.works across much of England. And that has been going on for

:04:26. > :04:30.years? It has, but this is the problem, if

:04:31. > :04:34.you double the amount of free childcare from 15 to 30 hours per

:04:35. > :04:39.week, the opportunity to cross subsidise in that way is cut back.

:04:40. > :04:46.How do you make it add up? The Government is the ring an extra ?1

:04:47. > :04:50.billion per year from 2019-2020, but the nursery said that is not enough

:04:51. > :04:54.and educational charities say they love the idea of increasing free

:04:55. > :04:55.childcare in principle, but it is the side-effect that they worried

:04:56. > :04:56.about. but it's going to be challenging

:04:57. > :05:00.to deliver it. The big risks are increased prices

:05:01. > :05:06.for parents outside the free offer for babies

:05:07. > :05:10.and for extra hours, and some nurseries are inevitably

:05:11. > :05:26.going out of business. So what is likely to happen? There

:05:27. > :05:29.are three main options that nurseries have got.

:05:30. > :05:33.The first is simply to not offer these extra 15 hours. There was a

:05:34. > :05:38.survey last month showing that half of nurseries say, we will not be

:05:39. > :05:41.able to do this, so they just won't go read. The other option is to

:05:42. > :05:47.increase prices outside term time, so those free hours are only 438

:05:48. > :05:50.weeks of the year in term time, you could increase prices outside of

:05:51. > :05:54.that but it will probably not be enough to plug the gap. The most

:05:55. > :05:58.likely outcome here is to raise prices are not for three and

:05:59. > :06:02.four-year-olds but for one and two-year-olds, early years when they

:06:03. > :06:05.are starting nursery, and they say there is a real risk that can

:06:06. > :06:09.happen. We spoke to nurseries about this, they said they are angry, that

:06:10. > :06:13.the plan needs to be Casserly looked at before it is put into action. --

:06:14. > :06:15.looked at carefully. You have to make sure

:06:16. > :06:18.that the funding is adequate. And every piece of evidence,

:06:19. > :06:20.at this point in time, The National Audit Office,

:06:21. > :06:23.just a few days ago, issued a warning saying you need

:06:24. > :06:27.to look at this level of funding. The Government has chosen to ignore

:06:28. > :06:30.the only credible research that shows there is, roughly speaking,

:06:31. > :06:32.about an 18% shortfall. We have no real assessment

:06:33. > :06:35.of what the impact of this will be. It tends to be a policy

:06:36. > :06:37.that was introduced and then we are made

:06:38. > :06:45.to work it out afterwards. So what does the Government say?

:06:46. > :06:48.They are changing some of the criteria, the original idea was to

:06:49. > :06:52.bring this into everybody, now they say both parents in the family have

:06:53. > :06:56.to be working at least 16 hours a week to qualify when this comes on

:06:57. > :07:01.in September 2000 17. We asked the Minister to appear on the programme,

:07:02. > :07:03.he wasn't available today. The Department for Education sent a

:07:04. > :07:08.statement: This does not match what we are singing on the ground, many

:07:09. > :07:20.providers want to work with us to trial our 30 hour free offer. They

:07:21. > :07:25.went on to say, we will be investing ?6 million a year Intel scared by

:07:26. > :07:27.the end of this Parliament so we can offer hard-working families the

:07:28. > :07:29.affordable child care they need. What about Wales, Scotland and

:07:30. > :07:31.Northern Ireland? This is just England but there are similar plans

:07:32. > :07:33.being talked about in both Scotland and Wales. We don't have

:07:34. > :07:35.being talked about in both Scotland details of the funding but the

:07:36. > :07:38.people we have spoken to say they are likely to face the same issues

:07:39. > :07:41.and challenges. In Northern Ireland they are further behind, no plans to

:07:42. > :07:45.introduce this 30 hours per week but politicians, especially from the

:07:46. > :07:49.SDLP, have been talking about it, so although this is starting out as an

:07:50. > :07:55.England only policy the whole of the UK could be affected eventually.

:07:56. > :07:56.We know this is a big issue for our audience. Let's talk further about

:07:57. > :07:58.this. Purnima Tanuku is from

:07:59. > :08:00.National Day Nurseries Association which is the umbrella

:08:01. > :08:02.organisation for both private Jenny Chapman is Labour's

:08:03. > :08:21.shadow Early Years and What are your members going to do?

:08:22. > :08:27.At the moment providers are getting ?3.83 per hour and are making a loss

:08:28. > :08:31.of about ?34,000 based on 36 funded children. This problem has existed

:08:32. > :08:36.for a number of years, and I think the chronic underfunding of the

:08:37. > :08:40.Early Years and Childcare policy is something the Government needs to

:08:41. > :08:44.seriously look at. But do you think people are going to put up the

:08:45. > :08:49.prices for one and two-year-olds to try to plug this shortfall, the 18%

:08:50. > :08:52.shortfall, when the doubling of free childcare for three and

:08:53. > :08:56.four-year-olds comes in next year? I think that is the only way because

:08:57. > :09:00.at the moment they are offering 15 hours of free childcare for three

:09:01. > :09:06.and four-year-olds and they have to increase the prices for other

:09:07. > :09:11.children on extra hours, but with 30 hours that will become the norm and

:09:12. > :09:15.parents are not going to purchase any extra hours, the only option

:09:16. > :09:19.providers have got left is to increase the fee for younger

:09:20. > :09:23.children. So when big childcare Minister gave us that statement

:09:24. > :09:26.saying, actually, what you are saying today does not match what

:09:27. > :09:30.they are seeing on the ground at all, they are finding nurseries are

:09:31. > :09:35.up for delivering these funded places for three and four-year-olds?

:09:36. > :09:39.A small percentage of nurseries have put forward an interest in terms of

:09:40. > :09:45.being part of the pilot, but we are talking about 20,000 day nurseries

:09:46. > :09:50.across the UK and the majority of childcare in England is delivered by

:09:51. > :09:53.private day nurseries, so the Government is going to be the

:09:54. > :09:56.biggest customer and they are going to be funded through local

:09:57. > :10:00.authorities, but equally the Private day nurseries are also going to be

:10:01. > :10:07.the biggest partner in terms of delivering this. Without working

:10:08. > :10:13.together and addressing these needs, this policy will be in threat of

:10:14. > :10:17.achieving the best outcome for children and families. Let me bring

:10:18. > :10:21.in the shadow childcare Minister, you heard that this problem has been

:10:22. > :10:24.going on for years, the last Labour Government introduced the 15 hours

:10:25. > :10:30.free childcare, that is one the problem started? You did not funded

:10:31. > :10:36.properly either? We worked with the sector to bring in 15 hours... It

:10:37. > :10:38.did not pay enough. We did pay enough, we worked closely with the

:10:39. > :10:42.sector to bring that in and everybody could get it, that was the

:10:43. > :10:46.point, so take up was good and we saw massive expansion of nursery

:10:47. > :10:51.provision at that time. What is happening now, you get a problem

:10:52. > :10:54.with the bailable, so as well as the cost going up for one and

:10:55. > :11:02.two-year-olds, what we think we are going to see is an availability

:11:03. > :11:06.crisis. We know that there are nursery places in many areas that

:11:07. > :11:10.are not sufficient to meet demand, and in some places now we have got

:11:11. > :11:14.councils saying, we cannot be sure we have got enough places to fill

:11:15. > :11:19.the 15 hour requirement, so there is a crisis emerging if we are not

:11:20. > :11:24.careful. Do you not accept that the last Labour Government did not fund

:11:25. > :11:30.the 15 hours properly? The last Labour Government finished in

:11:31. > :11:34.2010... I know that, I am aware of when you were voted out! But I am

:11:35. > :11:39.saying that is when it started and it has continued. The difference is

:11:40. > :11:42.we worked properly with the sector and local authorities, we assisted

:11:43. > :11:47.with providing the funding for training for the sector as well, so

:11:48. > :11:51.you saw a growth in provision over that time. Since then you have got a

:11:52. > :11:56.contraction of provision and there are more children, so it is not

:11:57. > :12:00.surprising that what you see is this emerging crisis, and I really feel

:12:01. > :12:04.for parents because what they were told a year ago by the Prime

:12:05. > :12:08.Minister was that they would get 30 hours free childcare and lots of

:12:09. > :12:14.parents thought, fantastic, this is what we need. What we are finding

:12:15. > :12:16.now is either it won't be there or they will get stoned in other ways,

:12:17. > :12:20.either by paying additional money for the one or two-year-olds, paying

:12:21. > :12:26.for meals, paying extra money during hours that they will be paying for,

:12:27. > :12:30.so they are giving with one hand and taking away an awful lot more with

:12:31. > :12:36.the other. The Government says up to 600,000 families will be eligible,

:12:37. > :12:39.it will be worth around ?5,000 per year to each family, parents will be

:12:40. > :12:42.delighted with that. They will if they can get it, and we want to

:12:43. > :12:46.encourage the Government here, we want them to do more, but the

:12:47. > :12:49.trouble is what they are doing isn't what they said they would do. But

:12:50. > :13:12.you are right, if you have got one child and

:13:13. > :13:15.they are three years old and you are both working the right number of

:13:16. > :13:18.hours and earning the right amount of money, and you can get a place at

:13:19. > :13:20.your local nursery, it is a benefit, absolutely, and for those parents

:13:21. > :13:23.and families it is a good thing, which is why what we are doing is

:13:24. > :13:26.wanted the Government to go further and do more at the same time as

:13:27. > :13:28.pointing out the deficiencies. We are not saying it is a bad thing to

:13:29. > :13:31.provide more childcare for those families that are eligible. Ahead of

:13:32. > :13:33.the last general election Labour guaranteed 25 hours of free

:13:34. > :13:35.childcare every week for working parents of three and four-year-olds.

:13:36. > :13:38.Was the plan funded properly? The reason it was a few hours was

:13:39. > :13:41.because we had done the working at that point to say, this is how we

:13:42. > :13:44.want to do it. What happened at the election was there was a sort of

:13:45. > :13:46.auction in the end, we said 25 hours, the Government thought, this

:13:47. > :13:52.is a huge political issue, which it is, and they outbid us. But what

:13:53. > :13:56.they outbid us with, I think, is a lot flakier than the proposals that

:13:57. > :14:00.we were making. But what is good about this is that childcare is now

:14:01. > :14:04.at the centre of political debate, and it didn't used to be that way,

:14:05. > :14:08.it was a fringe women's issue, and now it is an issue that everyone is

:14:09. > :14:11.talking about, all the main political parties have got something

:14:12. > :14:16.to say, they all want to pull in the same direction, and that is a good

:14:17. > :14:21.thing for the country. It is certainly an issue for voters, not

:14:22. > :14:24.least those who are saying, why should taxpayers pay for all the

:14:25. > :14:30.working parents to fund their children at nursery? I hear this,

:14:31. > :14:34.but I think you have to look at the whole economy, and it is expensive

:14:35. > :14:40.to the nation as a whole to have parents trained to do jobs, going

:14:41. > :14:43.through university, giving all of those things, and then they leave

:14:44. > :14:50.the workplace not because they want to but because either they cannot

:14:51. > :14:55.afford the cost of childcare or they cannot get a taste... Don't have

:14:56. > :14:58.children is what those taxpayers would say. We want people to have

:14:59. > :15:03.children because we want the future of the country to be secure, we pay

:15:04. > :15:07.for children from the age of four years anyway in education, this is

:15:08. > :15:10.extra support in early years which supports employers, keeps people in

:15:11. > :15:16.the workplace, we know that parents working is good for the kids, there

:15:17. > :15:21.are lots of longer term objectives that the country wants, supported by

:15:22. > :15:26.people working, people paying taxes, being good citizens, and this is

:15:27. > :15:31.about the state doing its part to support people in leading those

:15:32. > :15:36.lives that we want them to lead. Kenema Toluca, the pilot starts this

:15:37. > :15:42.September, the plan is supposed to roll out white September 20 17. Do

:15:43. > :15:46.you feel, in the time frame that is left, that the Government is going

:15:47. > :15:50.to listen to you and find some more money from taxpayers somehow? They

:15:51. > :15:57.will have to listen because, as Jenny highlighted, the childcare is

:15:58. > :16:00.at the centre of the policy for all parties and all governments in all

:16:01. > :16:05.three nations, but I think what they need to make sure is that the

:16:06. > :16:08.funding reaches the providers because at the moment it is through

:16:09. > :16:13.local authorities, there is an amount... Are you saying that local

:16:14. > :16:19.councils are hanging onto some of the cash? Some local authorities top

:16:20. > :16:23.slice as much as 30% of the funding so the real issue here is not only

:16:24. > :16:27.what the Government is investing in childcare but how much of that

:16:28. > :16:31.investment is being passed on to providers. That is where the

:16:32. > :16:37.challenges, because the survey we carried out, on average, they get

:16:38. > :16:40.?3.83 but, in fact, the Government figures on the additional money the

:16:41. > :16:47.Chancellor has announced, they are saying they will be paid ?4.88 on

:16:48. > :16:51.average per hour. There is no guarantee, because, take your pick,

:16:52. > :16:56.different local authorities pay as little as ?2.85, as high as ?4.50.

:16:57. > :17:01.This is where we are asking the Government to look at the funding,

:17:02. > :17:05.look at the consistency, before the pilot starts, because we have not

:17:06. > :17:07.even seen the announcement about the consultation yet. Thank you both

:17:08. > :17:10.very much for coming on the programme.

:17:11. > :17:13.Still to come: Leicester extend their lead at the top

:17:14. > :17:14.of the Premier League after beating Newcastle.

:17:15. > :17:17.We'll be looking at their amazing season and asking if their success

:17:18. > :17:31.The Syrian war has created a generation of children

:17:32. > :17:33.with physical and psychological scars who've had no

:17:34. > :17:36.We'll hear from some of them about their lives.

:17:37. > :17:39.Russia has started withdrawing its forces from Syria,

:17:40. > :17:41.just hours after President Putin's surprise announcement

:17:42. > :17:43.that the country had largely achieved it's military objectives.

:17:44. > :17:45.Western officials have cautiously welcomed the move,

:17:46. > :17:56.saying it could pressure Syria's government to engage in talks.

:17:57. > :17:58.The British Government will give it's backing to two major rail

:17:59. > :18:01.projects in the UK, after a report concludes the north of England needs

:18:02. > :18:11."immediate and significant investment" in transport.

:18:12. > :18:14.More than 50 firefighters are tackling a "serious blaze"

:18:15. > :18:15.at the historic Wythenshawe Hall in Manchester.

:18:16. > :18:18.The blaze started in the early hours of the morning and emergency

:18:19. > :18:25.services say ten fire engines are at the scene.

:18:26. > :18:28.Families of children affected by Meningitis B will tell MPs why

:18:29. > :18:31.they want the vaccination programme in the UK to be extended.

:18:32. > :18:34.Currently, the vaccine is only routinely given to infants in the UK

:18:35. > :18:37.but over 800,000 people have signed a petition calling for the NHS

:18:38. > :18:42.immunisation programme to be widened.

:18:43. > :18:44.Norwegian mass murderer Anders Breivik has given a Nazi

:18:45. > :18:47.salute at the start of a court hearing which will decide

:18:48. > :18:49.whether his detention in jail amounts to inhuman treatment.

:18:50. > :18:52.It was the first time the right-wing extremist has appeared in public

:18:53. > :19:05.since his trial in 2012 for the killing of 69 people.

:19:06. > :19:07.Here's some sport now with Jessica, and Leicester City's charge

:19:08. > :19:12.towards the Premier League title continues.

:19:13. > :19:20.They are getting there. Another step closer? This is becoming a fairy

:19:21. > :19:25.tale victor youia. We have a fan in the office. We would get into Hester

:19:26. > :19:32.Ricks if he suggested that Leicester could win the Premier League, as if!

:19:33. > :19:37.We would chuckle. It is not quite so funny. We are witnessing something

:19:38. > :19:40.special. Leicester City, who were battling relegations last season are

:19:41. > :19:45.top of the Premier League. There is eight games left and they have a

:19:46. > :19:49.five point lead. Pretty good odds you would say. This story has

:19:50. > :19:56.captivated audiences, the world over. Fans are loving this, at the

:19:57. > :19:59.King Power stadium where Leicester beat Newcastle 1-0 there were South

:20:00. > :20:04.American journalist, even the Japanese were there, this really is

:20:05. > :20:07.captivating fan, Leicester City legend and BBC presenter Gary

:20:08. > :20:12.Lineker said if they go on to achieve the impossible, and win the

:20:13. > :20:16.Premier League, they reach sporting immortality and he is probably not

:20:17. > :20:21.wrong. It will be really exciting in the last few weeks of the season.

:20:22. > :20:25.Else we are with are talking tennis and Johanna Konta is through to the

:20:26. > :20:29.Fourth Round at Indian Wells. She seems to be carrying on the form

:20:30. > :20:33.that saw her reach the semifinals of the Australian Open earlier in the

:20:34. > :20:37.month. So brilliant victory for her. Andy Murray, the world number two in

:20:38. > :20:41.his first am TP tournament since becoming a father lost in the third

:20:42. > :20:45.round. Far from his best. He admitted he was having problems with

:20:46. > :20:47.his serve. But we will look at that and of course Leicester City just

:20:48. > :20:50.after 10.00. In five years the war in Syria has

:20:51. > :20:53.claimed the lives of quarter of a million people, with millions

:20:54. > :20:56.more fleeing their home in a desperate attempt

:20:57. > :20:57.to find safety. To try and put that death

:20:58. > :20:59.toll into perspective, if you imagine those five years

:21:00. > :21:02.as just five minutes it would mean the deaths of 1,000 people

:21:03. > :21:04.every single second. That death toll includes

:21:05. > :21:06.thousands of children, and even for those that have

:21:07. > :21:09.survived, the outlook remains bleak. War has created a generation

:21:10. > :21:11.of children with physical Syria's education system has been

:21:12. > :21:27.shattered by the war, with one in four schools having been

:21:28. > :21:29.damaged or destroyed, used as a shelter, or converted

:21:30. > :21:32.into a military building. On the fifth anniversary

:21:33. > :21:34.of the Syrian war, these children explained how the war

:21:35. > :21:36.has affected them. Some can only remember war and many

:21:37. > :21:38.have lost loved ones. This is the Syrian war told

:21:39. > :21:54.through the eyes of kids. Of course Leicester City just after

:21:55. > :22:03.10.00. It is very scary, and first time I

:22:04. > :25:28.listened. Syrian children explaining how

:25:29. > :25:31.the war has affected them on the fifth anniversary

:25:32. > :25:33.of the outbreak of the conflict. Meanwhile, Moscow is beginning

:25:34. > :25:35.the process of withdrawing Russian planes have been bombing

:25:36. > :25:38.opponents of President Assad since September last year,

:25:39. > :25:40.allowing Syrian forces to recapture But in an unexpected announcement

:25:41. > :25:52.yesterday the Russian President announced his military had largely

:25:53. > :25:54.completed its objectives We can talk now to Russia expert

:25:55. > :26:12.Martin McCauley via webcam - This seems to have taken most people

:26:13. > :26:16.by surprise, why has Vladimir Putin withdrawing his troops? It is mostly

:26:17. > :26:22.political rather than strategic to be honest and the move was perfectly

:26:23. > :26:27.tactically accounted for the surprise, the Americans didn't know

:26:28. > :26:32.about it, few hours ago, before that, announcement, Mr Lavrov the

:26:33. > :26:37.Foreign Minister spoke to state secretary Kerry and never mentioned

:26:38. > :26:41.it. Mr Putin seems to have forgotten he was fighting terrorism in the

:26:42. > :26:46.Islamic state when he says the objectives of the campaign were

:26:47. > :26:52.largely you know, achieved. But the main, main thing that the, main

:26:53. > :26:57.objective of this particular move for many observers is Russia is

:26:58. > :27:02.using this moment of, because the bombing affected the situation on

:27:03. > :27:06.the ground, and benefitted the Syrian regime, so the Russians want

:27:07. > :27:12.to withdraw part of at least part of the operation, part of the troops

:27:13. > :27:18.now while they are on a high. On other hand they might use this for

:27:19. > :27:23.further moves, as they call in the Russian Secret Service, the chess

:27:24. > :27:26.term in Russian, that means that multiple moves to make sure the

:27:27. > :27:29.opponent is confused, doesn't know what you are going to do next. That

:27:30. > :27:38.is what they are doing, nobody knows what they will do next, they might

:27:39. > :27:43.say that you know, Geneva talks start today, have failed, they will

:27:44. > :27:46.go back, but here they are peaceful people, we have crate created peace

:27:47. > :27:51.on the ground, new conditions that will help to achieve some kind of

:27:52. > :27:55.peace, so we can go now. Remind our audience, for those who want to

:27:56. > :28:00.learn more, what exactly what is going on in Geneva, with what

:28:01. > :28:05.objective? Well, the talks, they call them proximity talks, that

:28:06. > :28:08.means that driven rent group, people from Damascus, the Government, from

:28:09. > :28:13.different opposition groups, the free Syrian army, the general

:28:14. > :28:16.opposition, they sit in different rooms, talk to interlocutors and

:28:17. > :28:22.maybe will sit together and start talking about the actual condition,

:28:23. > :28:25.what to do and to start creating a stable peace in the country, move

:28:26. > :28:30.towards elections, how the Government will be formed, who will

:28:31. > :28:33.be in power, how it will be restructured and shared between

:28:34. > :28:38.different groups, the matter... That is a future of Syria, with no war

:28:39. > :28:43.and no President running the country. No, no, well Mr Assad says

:28:44. > :28:46.he has to be part of the future, he has to stay and he insists on that

:28:47. > :28:53.and I think Russians are supporting him on that. OK. Let us bring in

:28:54. > :28:58.Martin McAuley, a Russian specialist at the University of London. What,

:28:59. > :29:03.why do you think President Putin has withdrawn troops and forces? First

:29:04. > :29:09.of all, the suggestion would be that the Russian military has got as far

:29:10. > :29:13.as it can, it doesn't see any point in further continuing the war

:29:14. > :29:17.because Assad wanted to continue the war, the Russians based on careful

:29:18. > :29:21.military analysis believe that this is as far as they want to go,

:29:22. > :29:25.without suffering heavy loss, because at present, they have

:29:26. > :29:31.suffered very few losses and it hasn't been a very expensive

:29:32. > :29:33.campaign. One t suffering heavy loss, because at present, they have

:29:34. > :29:35.suffered very few losses and it hasn't been a very expensive

:29:36. > :29:38.campaign very expensivecampaign. One estimate is 2.5 million $a campaign.

:29:39. > :29:41.They decided they have told Assad, and try and find a peace settlement.

:29:42. > :29:45.There is no military solution, there is no point you, President Assad

:29:46. > :29:48.saying you are going to fight until the whole of Syria is still under

:29:49. > :29:53.your control. That is is not an option.

:29:54. > :29:57.So you think that withdrawal puts pressure on President Putin is

:29:58. > :30:02.putting pressure on his friend and ally, President Assad, to get round

:30:03. > :30:08.that negotiating table, to negotiation what? To negotiate a

:30:09. > :30:12.settlement in the long-term. The Russians have ever in said that

:30:13. > :30:19.President Assad will remain forever. They are not backing him. They are

:30:20. > :30:23.backing the democratic elected President, and Government of Syria,

:30:24. > :30:28.and that means if Assad at one point may go. Therefore they say,

:30:29. > :30:31.and that means if Assad at one point Lavrov said this, they are not

:30:32. > :30:38.backing a person, they are backing the person who is in the, who is the

:30:39. > :30:41.President, and that can change, and therefore, President Assad may be an

:30:42. > :30:45.interim solution, it doesn't seem much sense in removing him now as

:30:46. > :30:49.many of the opposition would say and as John Kerry keeps on saying,

:30:50. > :30:54.because then you would have a vacuum, so you keep President Assad,

:30:55. > :30:57.and you negotiate with him and his Government, an interim settlement

:30:58. > :31:01.and a new President, and a new Government will be elected. That is

:31:02. > :31:07.a slow process, but the Russians have begun that process, and they

:31:08. > :31:10.are the driving force, because without Russian military support,

:31:11. > :31:11.Assad can go nowhere. So what will President Assad be thinking right

:31:12. > :31:20.now then? He will be thinking, I thought the

:31:21. > :31:25.Russians would support me monetarily and we could keep on with the war,

:31:26. > :31:29.because the first part of the war is over, which is fighting the rebel

:31:30. > :31:36.groups, and now we pass to the difficult part, which is Islamic

:31:37. > :31:41.State, the jihadis, the difficult ones, and the Russians, at present,

:31:42. > :31:46.don't seem prepared to take them on. They don't see it in their interest

:31:47. > :31:51.at present, so they are saying to Assad, OK, you can keep the

:31:52. > :31:56.territory you have at present, because you are aided by Hezbollah

:31:57. > :32:02.and the Iranians. Of course, this could backfire because the

:32:03. > :32:10.opposition across Islamic State and Al-Nusra Front could recapture some

:32:11. > :32:16.of the territory which would force the Russians to come back in, so it

:32:17. > :32:21.will be seen as a gamble which was a losing gamble. So Putin is taking

:32:22. > :32:24.risks here, he is a risk-taking president, but he is saying to

:32:25. > :32:29.Assad, go to Geneva, work out some kind of settlement, which will be a

:32:30. > :32:34.slow process because you have got to separate the groups which are as big

:32:35. > :32:38.Syrian groups fighting against you because some of them have come from

:32:39. > :32:41.the other side, you could do a deal with them, and separate them from

:32:42. > :32:49.the foreign jihadi group which are mainly Islamic State and those

:32:50. > :32:52.people, and deal with those later, but at present you have got to reach

:32:53. > :33:00.some kind of compromise with the editing Syrian groups and start the

:33:01. > :33:04.process, which could be a long process, other diplomatic solution,

:33:05. > :33:10.because a diplomatic solution is the only one in the long term. There

:33:11. > :33:13.have been various ideas about a confederation, partition, so on, all

:33:14. > :33:22.these things on the table for the future. But the first stage is to

:33:23. > :33:25.start that process. Thank you very much, Russian specialist from the

:33:26. > :33:30.University of London and news editor at BBC Russia. Still to come:

:33:31. > :33:34.Some claim this dog - winner in its class

:33:35. > :33:37.The owner says it has a clean bill of health.

:33:38. > :33:50.Many of you getting in touch about this. Alan has tweeted: I worked on

:33:51. > :33:54.the production of a dog breeding paper and felt uncomfortable with

:33:55. > :33:58.how breeding standards are achieved. Rob says, Crufts needs to take the

:33:59. > :34:03.licenses off the judges as the dog looked in disk on the and nowhere

:34:04. > :34:07.like a champion should be. Ian said: Four years, breeders have been

:34:08. > :34:12.breeding dogs to satisfy the whims of the Kennel Club and the judges.

:34:13. > :34:16.And we'll says, in my opinion the German Shepherd's sloping back is

:34:17. > :34:21.part of the breeding standards demanded by the kennel Club, it does

:34:22. > :34:27.not look good, I hated seeing the owner Paul out the dog's back legs

:34:28. > :34:28.to make the back the dog slope even further.

:34:29. > :34:31.More on that after 10am. Those of you who follow

:34:32. > :34:34.the Premier League will be aware that English football

:34:35. > :34:36.is in the midst of a phenomenon. Leicester City won again last night,

:34:37. > :34:39.which means they continue to sit at the top of the league

:34:40. > :34:47.with a healthy five point cushion. Quite a feat considering they were

:34:48. > :34:50.5000-1 with the bookmakers to win the league at

:34:51. > :34:52.the start of the season. Only five different teams have

:34:53. > :34:55.put their name on the Premier League trophy since the league

:34:56. > :34:57.began in 1992. In a game where money talks,

:34:58. > :35:00.success has all too often gone to those with the biggest

:35:01. > :35:01.purse strings. But this season the script has been

:35:02. > :35:05.rewritten, because there's a footballing fairytale unfolding

:35:06. > :35:08.in the East Midlands, complete with its very

:35:09. > :35:10.own Roy of the Rovers. At the start of this

:35:11. > :35:12.Premier League season, Leicester City were just happy to be

:35:13. > :35:15.there, licking their wounds after coming through

:35:16. > :35:16.a relegation battle. Their target, like most

:35:17. > :35:18.clubs of their size, The board had got rid of manager

:35:19. > :35:23.Nigel Pearson and replaced him What followed was a run of results

:35:24. > :35:30.that stunned English football. Going unbeaten in their first six

:35:31. > :35:34.games could be put down to a lucky start, but when Leicester found

:35:35. > :35:37.themselves top of the league at Christmas, having only lost one

:35:38. > :35:39.game, that's when people really The thought of Gary Lineker

:35:40. > :35:47.in his underwear was clearly enough to motivate the Leicester dressing

:35:48. > :35:49.room, because they've continued Striker Jamie Vardy

:35:50. > :35:53.became the only man He and Riyad Mahrez have scored

:35:54. > :35:58.more goals between them Five years ago, Vardy was playing

:35:59. > :36:06.non-league football, and Mahrez was in the

:36:07. > :36:08.French fourth division. The question of how Leicester have

:36:09. > :36:11.managed to do what they have done has left opposing players, managers,

:36:12. > :36:13.pundits and journalists But if Leicester can win

:36:14. > :36:18.the Premier League, it could be the blueprint for clubs to follow

:36:19. > :36:26.for years to come. Joining me now is Gary Johnson,

:36:27. > :36:35.a lifelong Leicester City fan He is going to start keeping a video

:36:36. > :36:42.diary for us for the run-in. How are you? I'm OK, you? I'm very well,

:36:43. > :36:46.tell us about your season to this point? It has been an absolutely

:36:47. > :36:50.amazing season, complete turnaround from last year. We were in the

:36:51. > :36:55.biggest relegation scrap that I think any team has been in in recent

:36:56. > :37:03.years, and to think that not even 12 months down the line we are eight

:37:04. > :37:06.games away from possibly winning the bark is Premier League, it is an

:37:07. > :37:10.unbelievable feeling and something that I never thought I would witness

:37:11. > :37:14.as a Leicester City fan gasbag read the Berkeley 's Premier League. Who

:37:15. > :37:18.happily still got to play, and are you worried about any of the

:37:19. > :37:22.opponents? Probably the biggest opponent, which might sound weird

:37:23. > :37:26.because we still have Manchester United, Chelsea, both of those away,

:37:27. > :37:31.we actually have West Ham coming up, which is, from a supporter's point

:37:32. > :37:35.of view, and from people I have been speaking to, the game that people

:37:36. > :37:41.are worried about the most. They have had a fantastic season, we are

:37:42. > :37:45.hoping other things may continue on their mind, they have got cup runs

:37:46. > :37:49.and so on, and we hope they will slip up a little bit, but we think

:37:50. > :37:54.that will be our toughest game to come this season. Is that at your

:37:55. > :38:00.place or there's? That is that the king Fowler, so we have that on our

:38:01. > :38:03.side. We have a fantastic support at home games -- the King Power

:38:04. > :38:07.Stadium. I think regardless of what position we are in, we could be one

:38:08. > :38:12.hyphens erode down, the crowd are still so good at getting behind

:38:13. > :38:15.them, and Claudio Ranieri last night was getting everyone in the crowd

:38:16. > :38:20.going, come on, we have got ten minutes to go, we need to do this

:38:21. > :38:23.together. Thereafter number of different theories as to why you

:38:24. > :38:29.have been so successful this season. What is yours? I think it is one

:38:30. > :38:33.man, Claudio Ranieri. He has come into the club and built on what was

:38:34. > :38:38.already quite strong to start with, I'm not going to take that away from

:38:39. > :38:43.Nigel Pearson or anyone else, but Claudio Ranieri has come in, he has

:38:44. > :38:47.got the attitude of the team, and he is working his socks off. With his

:38:48. > :38:52.backroom staff, his players, and I really think the home supporters

:38:53. > :39:04.have just got behind this team. Is that your bedroom?! It is, yes! How

:39:05. > :39:08.old are you?! 23, believe it or not! You have got Dr Who posters, what

:39:09. > :39:17.are you playing at?! No-one else liked it when I was younger, but now

:39:18. > :39:22.it has come back! We all have to be eight Whovian! It is just the fact

:39:23. > :39:28.that you still have the posters on your wall at 23! I am not knocking

:39:29. > :39:33.it, just intrigued! Don't show me up first thing in the morning! I'm not,

:39:34. > :39:39.you are showing yourself up, it is your bedroom! It was a late night

:39:40. > :39:44.last night at the King Power, we were doing a lot of celebrating!

:39:45. > :39:51.With a new manager, usually there is a bounce, do you feel sorry for

:39:52. > :39:56.Newcastle or not at all? I said last night, the day they got rid of Alan

:39:57. > :40:00.Pardew, all of the protests against that manager at the time, ever since

:40:01. > :40:07.then they have gone downhill. Have they bought it on themselves?

:40:08. > :40:11.Leicester normally help out new managers, that was my worry last

:40:12. > :40:15.night, but we didn't and that is all I care about! I am really, really

:40:16. > :40:19.looking forward to your video diary over the next few weeks, it will be

:40:20. > :40:21.fantastic. Thank you so much and we will no doubt speak again. Yes, see

:40:22. > :40:31.you soon! A group of parents whose children

:40:32. > :40:34.contracted the deadly meningitis B infection are appearing before MPs

:40:35. > :40:36.today to try and persuade the politicians that the vaccine

:40:37. > :40:39.should be provided for all children At the moment, babies in the UK

:40:40. > :40:43.are offered the potentially life-saving vaccine as part

:40:44. > :40:44.of a national But hundreds of thousands of people

:40:45. > :40:49.have signed a petition for the jab to be offered to all children under

:40:50. > :40:54.the age of 11 after a mother shared pictures of her daughter,

:40:55. > :40:56.two-year-old Faye Burdett, dying in hospital

:40:57. > :40:58.from the condition. Meninigitis B is a bacterial

:40:59. > :41:07.infection that most often affects There are about 1200 cases

:41:08. > :41:13.each year in the UK. With early diagnosis and antibiotic

:41:14. > :41:15.treatment, most make So far the Government has rejected

:41:16. > :41:20.calls for the vaccine One of those appearing before MPs

:41:21. > :41:27.today is Claire Timmins. Her son, Mason, was seven

:41:28. > :41:40.when he contracted meningitis B. Mason was an absolute ball of

:41:41. > :41:45.energy. Anyone that ever met him, you knew about it, you never forgot

:41:46. > :41:53.him. He was such a lively, joyful character, such a zest for life,

:41:54. > :41:56.willing to have a go and do absolutely anything, no fear

:41:57. > :42:01.whatsoever. He was into motocross, he had his own motocross bike and he

:42:02. > :42:08.loved doing that, but he loved doing things with his hands, he could

:42:09. > :42:12.strip his own motorbike, do the engine, he has abseiled in the

:42:13. > :42:20.middle of the Mediterranean Sea, I will have a go at that! The weekend

:42:21. > :42:23.before he passed away, my husband went on a driving experience day at

:42:24. > :42:27.Rockingham and he said, I want to have a go at that, so we paid for

:42:28. > :42:31.him to go round with one of the rally drivers, and came back

:42:32. > :42:38.laughing his head off and the rally driver said, all he kept saying was,

:42:39. > :42:42.faster, faster! Just loved thrill experiences. On the Saturday, he had

:42:43. > :42:46.been to see Father Christmas, been to a Christmas fete, he was fine.

:42:47. > :42:51.Sunday he was fine, went to bed Sunday evening, didn't want to go to

:42:52. > :42:54.bed, was hiding in the bath, eventually went to bed, woke up

:42:55. > :43:00.Monday morning at around 6:30am being sick, there was a bug going

:43:01. > :43:07.around school so I presumed it was a normal sickness bug. Came down, he

:43:08. > :43:13.lay on the settee, he was sick again at about 9am, spent the rest of the

:43:14. > :43:18.day on the sofa. Late afternoon he asked if he could watch a film, put

:43:19. > :43:26.the film on and he fell asleep, so I left him. About 4pm he woke up with

:43:27. > :43:29.the temperature, so I gave him some paracetamol, about half an hour late

:43:30. > :43:33.day is to manager had not gone up but had not gone down so I called my

:43:34. > :43:36.husband, said I would take into the doctors because something wasn't

:43:37. > :43:40.right and by husband said, I'm round the corner, wait for me. In the few

:43:41. > :43:46.minutes it took for my husband to come here, he started to go pale,

:43:47. > :43:51.got a bit confused in his wording, so we took him to the doctors in the

:43:52. > :43:55.car, five minutes around the corner. He started falling to sleep, got in

:43:56. > :43:59.the doctors and he was the same, very sleepy, nodding off, waking up,

:44:00. > :44:05.the doctor recognised straightaway it was meningitis, got him onto the

:44:06. > :44:13.bed and gave him the antibiotic injection but he fell asleep in the

:44:14. > :44:17.doctors and never be gained consciousness. It was like a

:44:18. > :44:20.whirlwind, you were standing on the outside and watching something

:44:21. > :44:24.happening, it did not feel real at all. We don't want to panic parents

:44:25. > :44:28.because children get sickness bug is all the time, but we want people to

:44:29. > :44:35.be mortgage on it. You know your own children, if you are in any doubt

:44:36. > :44:40.seek medical advice straightaway. Anybody can get meningitis B, not

:44:41. > :44:45.just babies. As Ed Mason, he was seven, adults can get it, and I

:44:46. > :44:52.think it is important that children are vaccinated against it. I know it

:44:53. > :44:56.is not 100%, but 80% is better than nothing and I think it should be

:44:57. > :45:00.offered to our children. We offer the flu vaccination as a routine

:45:01. > :45:06.thing, yet meningitis B kills and we are not prepared to offer it to our

:45:07. > :45:14.children. Even if we are not successful in Parliament, which we

:45:15. > :45:18.hope we are, raising awareness could hopefully save a life in itself, if

:45:19. > :45:21.we save one life we have made a difference.

:45:22. > :45:25.Claire Timmins, one of the parents who will be talking to MPs today to

:45:26. > :45:27.try to persuade them to extend the meningitis B vaccination programme.

:45:28. > :45:41.Time for the latest weather. Yesterday was a glorious day across

:45:42. > :45:43.the country, lots of sunshine everywhere but today some

:45:44. > :45:47.differences, Eastern areas will be cloudy, western areas will be best.

:45:48. > :45:53.This was the picture across the Highlands yesterday, blue sky and

:45:54. > :45:57.glorious sunshine. Across the East, a different story, low cloud, mist

:45:58. > :46:00.rolling in the North Sea like this picture in North Lincolnshire, the

:46:01. > :46:05.odd spot of light rain and drizzle mixed in with that cloud as well.

:46:06. > :46:08.That is how it will be through the day will stop south-west England

:46:09. > :46:14.poking out in the sunshine, should remain quite warm. More in the way

:46:15. > :46:17.of cloud for Central and eastern Wales, maybe western Wales

:46:18. > :46:20.of cloud for Central and eastern the best of the sunshine. For the

:46:21. > :46:24.Midlands, South East England, East Anglia, it will be cloudy, feeling

:46:25. > :46:29.cool, particularly in the south-east, and some low cloud and

:46:30. > :46:33.spots of drizzle. West of the Pennines, Northern Ireland, Scotland

:46:34. > :46:36.seeing the best of the sunshine, we could make 18 Celsius across the

:46:37. > :46:40.Western highlands with some shelter from the breeze. This evening and

:46:41. > :46:45.overnight, it stays cloudy for many, that will be thick enough to produce

:46:46. > :46:49.the odd spot of light rain or drizzle throughout the night.

:46:50. > :46:56.Further west it will be clearer, one or two frost patches, but

:46:57. > :47:00.temperatures should not ball much below for five under the cloud.

:47:01. > :47:02.Hello it's Tuesday, it's 10 o'clock, I'm Victoria Derbyshire,

:47:03. > :47:05.if you've just joined us - coming up before 11.

:47:06. > :47:08.This morning - why the cost of putting your one and two year

:47:09. > :47:13.olds into nursery could be about to soar.

:47:14. > :47:22.They are offering 15 hours and they have to increase the prices for

:47:23. > :47:26.other children, but with 30 hours that will become the norm, and

:47:27. > :47:30.parents aren't going to actually purchase any extra hours, the only

:47:31. > :47:31.option providers have left with, is increase the fee for younger

:47:32. > :47:45.children. And look at this picture

:47:46. > :47:47.of a German Shepherd voted It's been widely criticised

:47:48. > :47:50.for its "deformed back", with many saying it's

:47:51. > :48:00.the result of poor breeding. And truckers tell this programme why

:48:01. > :48:03.they're going to court to try to over-turn fines handed out

:48:04. > :48:06.when migrants sneak onto their lorry Russian fighter planes have started

:48:07. > :48:20.withdrawing from Syria, just hours after President Putin's

:48:21. > :48:22.surprise announcement that the country had largely

:48:23. > :48:24.achieved it's military objectives. Western officials have

:48:25. > :48:26.cautiously welcomed the move, saying it could pressure Syria's

:48:27. > :48:28.government to engage in peace The Government is expected to back

:48:29. > :48:42.plans to speed up work on building two major rail projects,

:48:43. > :48:44.including a new high speed line An infrastructure report has

:48:45. > :48:48.concluded that the north of England needs "immediate and significant"

:48:49. > :48:56.transport investment. Families of children affected

:48:57. > :48:58.by Meningitis B will tell MPs why they want the vaccination programme

:48:59. > :49:01.in the UK to be extended to children Currently, the vaccine is only

:49:02. > :49:19.routinely given to infants. The Pope has announced that Mother

:49:20. > :49:21.Teresa will be made a Roman Catholic saint in September.

:49:22. > :49:26.She died in 1997, Norwegian mass murderer

:49:27. > :49:35.Anders Breivik has given a Nazi salute at the start of a court

:49:36. > :49:37.hearing on the conditions He's suing the government,

:49:38. > :49:40.claiming that being kept in isolation breaches

:49:41. > :49:51.his human rights. Big news in morning. About Leicester

:49:52. > :49:58.City. You have spoken to a few fans and it is starting to look as if

:49:59. > :50:00.Leicester can pull off one of the most remarkable title victories,

:50:01. > :50:04.they are five points clear of Spurs with eight matches left to play.

:50:05. > :50:08.They beat Newcastle 1-0 last night. In truth it wasn't their most

:50:09. > :50:16.sparkling performance but look at this goal. A moment of magic.

:50:17. > :50:20.Absolutely spectacular overhead kick. Look at the manager there.

:50:21. > :50:25.Claudio Ranieri, he is usually so composed. Trying to rally the fans

:50:26. > :50:29.behind the side. Newcastle's defeat leaves them second from bottom but

:50:30. > :50:33.Leicester's title charge is relentless. Can ran is sticking to

:50:34. > :50:40.their footballing cliche, just one match at a time. They want to fight

:50:41. > :50:47.every match, I don't want to risk I want to fight. Our concentration is

:50:48. > :50:52.about Crystal Palace, another difficult match, another good

:50:53. > :50:57.players, that is, I want the battle, and we will go to battle there.

:50:58. > :51:01.So after that win last night it seems as though Leicester City fans

:51:02. > :51:07.are starting to believe and the media too, the sports pages this

:51:08. > :51:17.morning are full of praise for them. Leicester head over heels says The

:51:18. > :51:25.Times and in the Sun. And from Shin the bag. Look at the glee on his

:51:26. > :51:29.face. High five for Foxes in The Express and in the independent they

:51:30. > :51:32.have gone with flying foxes. They are flying at the moment. It will be

:51:33. > :51:38.an exciting end to the Premier League season.

:51:39. > :51:43.In tennis in his first singles tournament since becoming a father

:51:44. > :51:48.Andy Murray crashed out at Indian Wells losing in three sets to the

:51:49. > :51:53.Argentinian. He admitted after the game he struggled with his serve.

:51:54. > :52:00.Completely different story for Johanna Konta, she is threw to the

:52:01. > :52:04.last 16. She is continuing in the brilliant form that saw her reach

:52:05. > :52:13.the Australian Open semifinals earlier this year. Up next the Cech

:52:14. > :52:19.player. The chef starts today. Four day --

:52:20. > :52:25.Cheltenham Festival starts today. Crowds are expected to total almost

:52:26. > :52:30.275,000 people. Willie Mullins had a record eight winners last year, and

:52:31. > :52:35.has four red hot favourites running today, including Anni Power in the

:52:36. > :52:39.feature race the Champion Hurdle. It is great to have an event like

:52:40. > :52:44.Cheltenham for National Hunt race, it puts National Hunt racing up

:52:45. > :52:49.there for this week, the whole year, between press, radio, newspaper, all

:52:50. > :52:56.other social media, it gets top billing. It is very very important.

:52:57. > :52:58.And than is all the sport for today. Headlines at 10.30.

:52:59. > :53:01.Hello, thank you for joining us this morning, welcome to the programme

:53:02. > :53:04.if you've just joined us, we're on BBC 2 and the BBC

:53:05. > :53:08.You can get in touch in the usual ways -

:53:09. > :53:12.If you text, you will be charged at the standard network rate.

:53:13. > :53:14.Wherever you are, you can watch our programme online

:53:15. > :53:16.via the BBC News app or our website bbc.co.uk/victoria.

:53:17. > :53:20.David Cameron is the due to speak about the EU referendum. We will

:53:21. > :53:23.bring some live and we will continue to bring youer no of your reaction

:53:24. > :53:27.to this, the dog that won Best In Show at Crufts, but many say it is

:53:28. > :53:33.not a good example of German shepherd breeding. Let me read some

:53:34. > :53:36.comments from you. So many, interested le of German shepherd

:53:37. > :53:38.breeding. Let me read some comments from you. So many, interested in

:53:39. > :53:40.this particular subject. "The complete distortion of the shape of

:53:41. > :53:47.the dog from working breed to a pitiful sight that can barely walk

:53:48. > :53:54.is heartbreaking, yet, the suffering the dogs endure is cruel." For too

:53:55. > :53:59.long the Kennel Club has allowed poor breeding practise, that allow

:54:00. > :54:03.things such as the sloping back of the German shepherd. They allow

:54:04. > :54:09.droopy eyelids which cause eye problems and further growth which

:54:10. > :54:11.makes it hard for dogs to see." He sloping back of the German shepherd.

:54:12. > :54:13.They allow droopy eyelids which cause eye problems and further

:54:14. > :54:16.growth which makes it hard for dogs to see." This from Sue "The Kennel

:54:17. > :54:18.Club breed standard does not demand a sloping back, quite the contrary,

:54:19. > :54:21.it specifies a straight, strong back, but breeders and judges are

:54:22. > :54:28.ignoring this, if judges continue to put up dogs that do not conform to

:54:29. > :54:32.the standard, the problem will not go away. As these are the same

:54:33. > :54:36.people that are breeding and exhibiting, it is a deep-rooted

:54:37. > :54:39.problem. The same goes for other breeds." Keep your comments coming

:54:40. > :54:52.in. Get in touch in the usual ways. Charities have told this programme

:54:53. > :54:55.that the cost of sending one and two-year-olds to nursery may

:54:56. > :54:57.have to increase substantially when free childcare

:54:58. > :54:59.for older children doubles. Our reporter Jim Reed

:55:00. > :55:09.can tell us more. This is all to do with

:55:10. > :55:12.the childcare bill which is What we're abut to say

:55:13. > :55:17.is about England only - talk about Wales, Scotland

:55:18. > :55:24.and Northern Ireland in a minute. The main headline grabbing change is

:55:25. > :55:29.this one. If you have a three or four-year-old at the moment, you

:55:30. > :55:32.countly get 15 hours a week of free childcare, normally at nursery but

:55:33. > :55:37.from September, 2017, that is going to double to 30 hours a week. At

:55:38. > :55:40.least that is the theory. A lot people are worried about how it

:55:41. > :55:44.might work in practise. What is the problem? At the moment, the UK has

:55:45. > :55:47.some of the most expensive child care, we know this not just in

:55:48. > :55:52.Europe but across the world. Many parents will want to know what the

:55:53. > :55:56.details are of this. Let us take an average week. This area if blue, is

:55:57. > :56:01.the childcare you currently get for free. It works out about a

:56:02. > :56:05.day-and-a-half. If you want more this area in white, you have to pay.

:56:06. > :56:09.Many nurseries say this area in blue at the moment is not properly funded

:56:10. > :56:18.by the Government, they don't get enough money here to cover their

:56:19. > :56:23.cost, they say they get round ?3.80 per hour per child.

:56:24. > :56:28.There is a big shortfall. Look at this area in white. If you have more

:56:29. > :56:33.than 15 hour, you pay over the odds to make up this difference, to plug

:56:34. > :56:37.this hole. That is what is going on at the moment. It is called cross

:56:38. > :56:43.subsidy say, it happens across the UK as things stand. That is being

:56:44. > :56:48.going on for a number of years. This isn't new, but look what happens

:56:49. > :56:51.when you increase free childcare to 30 hour, the opportunity here to

:56:52. > :56:55.cross subsidise is cut back, so what do you do? The Government has

:56:56. > :57:00.already offered more money here to plug the gap. It I is saying an to

:57:01. > :57:02.cross subsidise is cut back, so what do you do? The Government has

:57:03. > :57:05.already offered more money here to plug the gap. It I is saying an

:57:06. > :57:08.extra billion pounds a year. It sound a lot but nurseries say it

:57:09. > :57:10.isn't enough and they will make a significant loss here. What is going

:57:11. > :57:14.to happen then? They say there is three main option, the first is

:57:15. > :57:18.simply, for nurseries not to offer these extra hours, to ignore the

:57:19. > :57:21.Government. Round half of nurseries in a survey last month said that is

:57:22. > :57:28.the case and they won't be doing this. The other op sunnion is to

:57:29. > :57:32.increase prices outside term time. So they could increase the prices

:57:33. > :57:34.outside of that 38 weeks of the year, probably not going to be

:57:35. > :57:39.enough so the people we have spoken to and you have heard this in the

:57:40. > :57:42.first hour, said they will have to raise prices substantially for one

:57:43. > :57:45.and two-year-olds to be able to afford the free Chile care for the

:57:46. > :57:49.older children at three or four. What do the Government say about

:57:50. > :57:52.that? They have been tweaking some of the criteria, when this was

:57:53. > :57:56.announced it was everyone that was going to qualify. Now they are

:57:57. > :57:59.saying it will be families where both people in that family or one

:58:00. > :58:02.person if it is a single family work at least 16 hours a week. There is

:58:03. > :58:06.some change there. We asked the minister to appear on the programme

:58:07. > :58:10.and explain more, they said no-one was available, but there was a short

:58:11. > :58:12.statement from the mme and explain more, they said no-one was

:58:13. > :58:15.available, but there was a short statement from the Department for

:58:16. > :58:17.Education, they said "This does not match what we are seeing on the

:58:18. > :58:20.ground. Many providers want to work with us, to trial this new 30 hour

:58:21. > :58:23.free offer." What we are seeing on the ground. Many providers want to

:58:24. > :58:26.work with us, to trial this new 30 hour free offer." They went on to

:58:27. > :58:28.say "We will be investing ?6 billion a year in childcare, but the end of

:58:29. > :58:32.this Parliament, so we can offer hard-working families the affordable

:58:33. > :58:34.childcare they need." What about Wales, Scotland and Northern

:58:35. > :58:38.Ireland? This is very much England only. However in Wales and Scotland,

:58:39. > :58:42.there are plans to bring in a similar system, the people we have

:58:43. > :58:45.spoken to say they will face the same challenges there, we don't have

:58:46. > :58:50.the details about funding, in Northern Ireland, no solid plans to

:58:51. > :58:53.increase funding but politicians have been talking about copying the

:58:54. > :58:56.English system, so even though it is England to begin with this could be

:58:57. > :59:02.an issue that affected the whole of the United Kingdom.

:59:03. > :59:04.Mike Abbott is Group General Manager of Co-operative Childcare,

:59:05. > :59:06.which has about 49 nurseries across the country

:59:07. > :59:09.Amy Christopher says she cant afford childcare for her seven-month-old

:59:10. > :59:12.Tracey Danquah has a two-year-old daughter and is due

:59:13. > :59:15.She's wondering what kind of childcare she'll

:59:16. > :59:28.Hello all of you. Thank you for coming on the programme. Lovely to

:59:29. > :59:32.see you all. Mike first, you are on 44 owe run 444 nursery, what are

:59:33. > :59:38.they planning to do when this doubling of provision is meant to

:59:39. > :59:42.come in in September 2017 We fully support increasing funding going

:59:43. > :59:46.into childcare, it is wonderful, it has been shown the best outcomes

:59:47. > :59:52.come from those who are good... You run 44 nursery, of course I speak as

:59:53. > :59:56.a father, I sent them to nursery because I have seen the studies that

:59:57. > :00:01.show it is the best outcome. There is so many unknown that, the

:00:02. > :00:03.challenge we face, the pilots will be absolutely critical, to

:00:04. > :00:08.understanding how this can work, because there is is a shortfall in

:00:09. > :00:11.funding. We make up across the whole sector, and when the opportunities

:00:12. > :00:14.change, we are going to need to be more creative and understand how we

:00:15. > :00:18.can use flex bill. It is about how much of the money gets to the

:00:19. > :00:22.childcare provider, the government put a lot in at the outset, and it

:00:23. > :00:26.is how much trickle downs the the providers. At the moment They they

:00:27. > :00:32.give to the local councils and they distribute it. Exactly. There is

:00:33. > :00:35.huge ineptitude and inequality in how much reaches individual

:00:36. > :00:38.nurseries. When you say you will have to be creative, you mean you

:00:39. > :00:42.probably need to put the prices up for younger children. That is one

:00:43. > :00:49.option, what we will try to do is to try to share some of the costs round

:00:50. > :00:52.the country and not o only yobses is dice in a nursery but between

:00:53. > :00:57.nurseries where you have different make up and so on. I think we have

:00:58. > :01:01.to be... Richer areas. You cup charge more, that is the reality

:01:02. > :01:05.where parents can afford and as a Co-op we want to carry on operating

:01:06. > :01:08.nurseries in areas that don't always make as much money, that is

:01:09. > :01:12.important to us, because that is one of our founding principles. Why

:01:13. > :01:15.don't you say to the Government you are not giving us enough money? We

:01:16. > :01:19.do. We are not going to offer the 30 hours? That is something that is

:01:20. > :01:23.going on in discussion at the moment. The other thing that we can

:01:24. > :01:27.do, and your correspondent showed the fact if you are doing 30 hours a

:01:28. > :01:33.week there is not much left of the week. That is across 38 weeks of the

:01:34. > :01:38.other year, the other thing you can stretch that funding across 52 weeks

:01:39. > :01:41.and that decreases to 22 hours a week and there can be more

:01:42. > :01:43.opportunities to up sell, to parents who want to have full-time

:01:44. > :01:51.childcare. It will be interesting how the pilot works out.

:01:52. > :02:01.Tracey, introduce us to your little girl. This is any order. She's being

:02:02. > :02:08.very patient. You obviously have a baby on the way, congratulations.

:02:09. > :02:12.But she will be three soon, is that right? So you will benefit,

:02:13. > :02:15.potentially, from the doubling of the provision to 30 hours a week,

:02:16. > :02:19.yet you will have an infant who you may want to put into nursery, or

:02:20. > :02:23.where according to Mike and others we have spoken to, the fees for your

:02:24. > :02:27.infant could soar to pay for the free childcare for your

:02:28. > :02:32.three-year-old? Just based on the timings that were outlined, she

:02:33. > :02:36.probably misses out because September 2017 she will go to

:02:37. > :02:40.full-time education so will not be eligible for the three hours, but

:02:41. > :02:46.that potentially could have been the and now thinking about another one

:02:47. > :02:50.on the way and what it means for childcare costs rising, I'm blessed

:02:51. > :02:55.because my mum helps out a lot with my childcare arrangements, which has

:02:56. > :02:58.meant I was able to continue full-time, she goes to nursery one

:02:59. > :03:06.day a week and the rest of the time she is with my mum. Your mum is a

:03:07. > :03:12.saint! She really is! Amy and Daniel, what about your situation?

:03:13. > :03:16.With regards me going back to work it would financially be the case I

:03:17. > :03:22.pay out more than I burning so it wouldn't benefit me. Even with what

:03:23. > :03:29.is being offered? Even with what is being offered. Even if he was

:03:30. > :03:35.getting the free nursery, 30 hours, it would be beneficial for him

:03:36. > :03:40.because he would be socialising with children, but that is not going to

:03:41. > :03:46.be... With regards to how the percentages have gone up, it has won

:03:47. > :03:52.up by 4.3% since last year so the rate will be more than what it was

:03:53. > :03:57.before, so for me to put him into, say, 25 hours a week, I would be

:03:58. > :04:01.looking at ?191 per week, which would cancel out what I'm earning at

:04:02. > :04:09.that time, it would cost more for me to put him into childcare than for

:04:10. > :04:14.me to go to work. So what happens, will you wait until he goes to

:04:15. > :04:20.school? I will have to, or see if family can how out if I go back to

:04:21. > :04:23.work part-time. But there are lots of taxpayers who say, you should

:04:24. > :04:26.stay home and look after your children, and if you cannot afford

:04:27. > :04:35.childcare then stay at home or don't have the child. Well... There is

:04:36. > :04:39.that, but... Other taxpayers are asking, why should I pay to

:04:40. > :04:44.subsidise your children going to nursery? One of the things that may

:04:45. > :04:47.come as a result of this initiative, if nursery providers are saying they

:04:48. > :04:52.will be forced to push up prices, there is only so much you can push

:04:53. > :04:56.up prices. People's disposable incomes will not be able to cover

:04:57. > :05:00.the increase and you will find other service providers will benefit,

:05:01. > :05:05.Private childcare minders, other childcare arrangements, nurseries

:05:06. > :05:09.are not the only option. But it is something that will impact, because

:05:10. > :05:13.if it comes down to opportunity costs, do I work full time then pay

:05:14. > :05:18.everything out on childcare? I may as well stay at home and raise my

:05:19. > :05:22.children myself and be a mum and when they are in full-time education

:05:23. > :05:26.go back to work, but then you get people opting out of the Labour

:05:27. > :05:29.market which in practice the broader economy as well. Daniel has just

:05:30. > :05:35.realised there is a little girl here and it is amusing him! With the

:05:36. > :05:40.extra demand, as nurseries get more fall, we can recover more of the

:05:41. > :05:44.costs, so there is potential for seriously keeping down some of those

:05:45. > :05:52.increases that we fear. Although you have got the minimum wage being

:05:53. > :05:56.raised in April, ?7.20, next month, George Osborne calling it the living

:05:57. > :06:01.wage. It is not quite, say others, the living wage, but it is going up

:06:02. > :06:08.to ?7.20 per hour so your staff costs will go up. And in nurseries

:06:09. > :06:11.generally the costs for staff are over 60% of the income, so it is a

:06:12. > :06:16.huge factor. And as they should be because you need the best staff. And

:06:17. > :06:19.the right ratios to give the best quality of care, but it is a

:06:20. > :06:23.significant cost, and you have to get the funding formula right. This

:06:24. > :06:29.little girl does not look impressed by the little boy over here, where

:06:30. > :06:33.she is really into it! Thank you so much for coming on the programme,

:06:34. > :06:35.and good luck with the next one! Thank you very much, thank you, Amy,

:06:36. > :06:45.nice to meet you. The Romanian haulage company which

:06:46. > :06:48.is going to court in this country tomorrow to appeal finds it received

:06:49. > :06:52.after migrants were found in the back of its lorries in Calais.

:06:53. > :06:55."Deformed", "horrific", "a disgrace", "appalling" -

:06:56. > :06:58.just some of the descriptions used about this German shepherd dog

:06:59. > :07:01.which has just won Best In Breed at Crufts.

:07:02. > :07:07.The RSPCA says it's unacceptable that the three-year-old bitch,

:07:08. > :07:11.Cruaghaire Catori, was able to win, given it appeared she had

:07:12. > :07:21.an abnormally sloped back and her gait looked painful.

:07:22. > :07:28.The dog 's owner told us that she had been given a clean bill of

:07:29. > :07:30.health by two vets and has described the negative publicity as the worst

:07:31. > :07:32.nightmare of her show life. We can talk now to the RSCPA's chief

:07:33. > :07:35.veterinary officer James Yates, and Shirley Hutchinson

:07:36. > :07:48.is the chairman of German Shepherd Thank you both for talking to us.

:07:49. > :07:54.First ball, James, what do you say about this particular blog? Well, it

:07:55. > :07:59.is not just about this particular door, our concerns are that this is

:08:00. > :08:07.part of a much wider problem. But the specifics for this dog, I think,

:08:08. > :08:15.are obvious to anyone looking at the clip. The back is really sloped,

:08:16. > :08:19.people, I'm sure, know that German Shepherd Dog League get problems

:08:20. > :08:23.with their hips and their backs, especially in later life. But also

:08:24. > :08:27.this German Shepherd Dog League if you watch her as she goes round, she

:08:28. > :08:34.looks, I think the commentator called it unsettled, but one would

:08:35. > :08:39.just take from looking at it she looks stressed, she does not look

:08:40. > :08:43.like she is entering it, so two big concerns. But the owner says the doc

:08:44. > :08:47.has been given a clean bill of health, and the owner is distraught

:08:48. > :08:53.about what people are saying about her German shad? It shows two

:08:54. > :08:57.things, one is my understanding of the bets checks, I'm not one of the

:08:58. > :09:02.vet to do them, they are not looking at the combination of the blog, so

:09:03. > :09:06.much as any secondary signs, so they are not going to pick up things like

:09:07. > :09:14.that, but obviously I would leave it to those bets to comment on that.

:09:15. > :09:18.Let's bring Jim Shirley Hutchinson of the German Shepherd Dog League of

:09:19. > :09:25.Great Britain. What do you think of this particular blog? I saw the dog

:09:26. > :09:29.in her class at Crufts, I watched to go round, she was relaxed and moved

:09:30. > :09:33.well in her ring. We all then saw the video footage of her in the main

:09:34. > :09:38.ring and everyone would agree the dog was very, very stressed, Berry

:09:39. > :09:43.overwhelmed by the environment. It is not a natural environment for any

:09:44. > :09:52.dog, and she reacted badly to it. This allowed for... Being videoed

:09:53. > :09:58.looking extremely tense, very hunched up and unhappy, and the

:09:59. > :10:04.whole of the German shepherd world is very upset that the dog reacted

:10:05. > :10:11.in that way and has opened up this melee of claims of being deformed

:10:12. > :10:16.and crippled, which is simply not true about this dog at all. Of

:10:17. > :10:20.course you would expect, we asked the dog's owner to talk to us live

:10:21. > :10:26.this morning but she said she is too upset to do that but said this:

:10:27. > :10:35.I was blissfully unaware of all the negativity around one

:10:36. > :10:38.of the best show days of my life until earlier on Monday.

:10:39. > :10:40.I am both deeply shocked and terribly upset

:10:41. > :10:42.by all the horrendous comments directed towards my beautiful Tori.

:10:43. > :10:44.Words cannot express the heart wrenching experience that

:10:45. > :10:49.This is so unreal I want to believe it is untrue and to wake up.

:10:50. > :10:51.The comments made on television about my lovely German shepherd

:10:52. > :10:53.were unbelievable, especially when one considers the brevity

:10:54. > :10:57.How can you judge a dog on such a brief observation?

:10:58. > :10:59.There is a clear lack of tolerance and knowledge

:11:00. > :11:08.She went on to say, the dog's owner, at Crufts 2016, the vet examined my

:11:09. > :11:16.bitch before she was presented with her Best In Breed certificate and

:11:17. > :11:20.deemed her to have no visible condition which adversely affects

:11:21. > :11:22.the health and welfare. It is the second Kennel Club check she has

:11:23. > :11:28.passed in the last six months. The Kennel Club told us that concern

:11:29. > :11:33.on the health of German Shepherd Dog League is reflected in the fact that

:11:34. > :11:36.the breed is classed as class three under their scheme, and they added

:11:37. > :11:40.many category three breeds have seen vast health improvements but they

:11:41. > :11:43.know that some breeds have further to go and they will look at what

:11:44. > :11:47.support they give to particular breeds to ensure continued

:11:48. > :11:50.improvement, and will be reviewing judges who appeared to disregard the

:11:51. > :11:54.health instructions they are different, since they play a

:11:55. > :11:58.significant part in the process. Two interesting statements. James

:11:59. > :12:02.Yates, fellow vet at Crufts were saying this dog is absolutely fine

:12:03. > :12:07.but the Kennel Club saying there are improvements to be made in certain

:12:08. > :12:12.breeds including German shepherd? I think this comes down to what the

:12:13. > :12:17.vets are checking for, they not doing a full check on everything

:12:18. > :12:21.that a pet owner who wanted to buy a puppy would expect them to check.

:12:22. > :12:26.The other thing that is very clear from the quotation is that often

:12:27. > :12:31.breeders and people watching Crufts are people who love dogs and that is

:12:32. > :12:36.partly what is so sad about it all, but I think there is a bit of a

:12:37. > :12:39.moral blindspot sometimes when you are breeding, some of these issues,

:12:40. > :12:49.especially if you are in the breed and see all of these dogs other

:12:50. > :12:51.similar shape, it is hard to identify how people from outside,

:12:52. > :12:54.who are used to a normal healthy dog chain, what they are saying. I think

:12:55. > :12:59.that does make it difficult to get changes amongst breeders and judges.

:13:00. > :13:06.Could I just explain perhaps a little bit what happens when we have

:13:07. > :13:10.the vet health check? I myself have had several blogs that have

:13:11. > :13:16.undertaken the vet health checks, the vet goes over the dog very

:13:17. > :13:23.thoroughly, checking their physical condition. The dogs are also moved

:13:24. > :13:28.extensively, on many occasions I've been asked to move my dog not just

:13:29. > :13:32.backwards and forwards and round and round but also twisting and turning,

:13:33. > :13:37.lots of things like that, to make sure that the dog is physically fit

:13:38. > :13:42.and not showing any signs of lameness or problems that would

:13:43. > :13:52.cause that. I think it is very important to remember that since the

:13:53. > :13:55.vet checks were introduced, I think in around 2013, no German shepherd

:13:56. > :14:01.has ever failed a vet health check and it is a vital thing to remember.

:14:02. > :14:05.The breed watch... Sorry to interrupt, when you said no German

:14:06. > :14:12.shepherd has ever failed health checks, James Yates, as an RSPCA

:14:13. > :14:16.vet, you smiled. Why? I think on all these tests, again, it is hard to

:14:17. > :14:22.work out. There are two reasons why no German shepherd might have

:14:23. > :14:25.failed. Either because all German shepherds have perfect health, which

:14:26. > :14:32.seems unlikely for any population of dogs will stop all it suggests that

:14:33. > :14:37.the tests are not set up to pick up everything that one might be

:14:38. > :14:41.concerned about. Let me bring in two people who have been watching, Jan

:14:42. > :14:46.in Devon has owned German Shepherd Dog League 30 years and Mark in

:14:47. > :14:56.Wigan has been a dog trainer for 40 years. Thank you for getting in

:14:57. > :15:00.touch, Jan, what do you think. That dog is not right. I have had long

:15:01. > :15:06.and short head German shepherds all my life, a German shepherd dog's

:15:07. > :15:10.back should be straight so when it holds up its tail, as they wanted to

:15:11. > :15:18.do in Crufts, it is a natural straight line. I would never buy a

:15:19. > :15:21.dog like that, I would be complaining and I would be getting

:15:22. > :15:26.the breed looked at if it was selling me a dog like that. Jan,

:15:27. > :15:31.could you turn your TV down so that we do not have the background noise?

:15:32. > :15:36.Mark, can you hear me OK? Dog trainer for 40 years, what do you

:15:37. > :15:40.think? It is a widespread problem, not just about focusing on this dog

:15:41. > :15:45.that one at Crufts, to be honest. I'm coming across lots of different

:15:46. > :15:52.breeds, has done for years. It has been a widespread problem. It is a

:15:53. > :15:55.basic fact that once you get away from breeding a particular type of

:15:56. > :15:59.dog for function which is one thing, so it can perform the task it was

:16:00. > :16:04.bred to do, once you start to go into the show arena the

:16:05. > :16:08.characteristics get exaggerated, hence the sloping back, etc, in this

:16:09. > :16:15.particular blog, and it becomes not fit for function. Vets might tell

:16:16. > :16:20.you it is a healthy dog and it has not been pulled up for its health,

:16:21. > :16:25.but a friend of mine, for instance, picked up a German shepherd from a

:16:26. > :16:31.breeder and one of its hips was virtually nonexistent in its hip

:16:32. > :16:35.joint. The Kennel Club judge refused even the inference that it was a

:16:36. > :16:39.problem. It has been widespread for a long, long time, the Kennel Club

:16:40. > :16:45.habit in their powers to sort this out and have done nothing, they have

:16:46. > :16:49.paid lip service to it over the last two years since some of the

:16:50. > :16:53.horrendous problems came out, but it will not go away as long as judges

:16:54. > :16:58.keep putting up for prizes dogs like this, and people will breed to that

:16:59. > :17:03.standard because they get extra money for dogs from praise winning

:17:04. > :17:07.stud lines, etc. Do you have any sympathy for the owner who has told

:17:08. > :17:13.us she is distraught? She loves her animal. I have every sympathy for

:17:14. > :17:16.her, but you don't need to be an expert to look and see that that dog

:17:17. > :17:23.does not move as freely as it should. But people get caught up in

:17:24. > :17:27.the trend of the particular time. If you look at photographs of German

:17:28. > :17:29.shepherds from 40 years ago, they bear very little resemblance to the

:17:30. > :17:37.dog of today. Shirley I know you wanted to come

:17:38. > :17:40.back in. I think it is very important, I think there is an

:17:41. > :17:46.important point made, that the Kennel Club is not doing enough, it

:17:47. > :17:50.is about time that we had minimum health requirements, in order to

:17:51. > :17:53.show not just a vet health check for best of breed but minimum health

:17:54. > :17:58.requirements in order for the dog to show. For the Kennel Club to stop

:17:59. > :18:03.registering puppies that from parents that have either got no

:18:04. > :18:09.health tests at all, or have got poor health test results. This is

:18:10. > :18:12.something that the GSD league has been discussing with the Kennel Club

:18:13. > :18:18.and asked very much and promoting very much that they do something

:18:19. > :18:22.along those line, and actually move towards going away from people, who

:18:23. > :18:27.are just breeding, for having money. OK. Thank you all very much. Thank

:18:28. > :18:44.you for coming on the programme. David Cameron backbench giving a

:18:45. > :18:50.speech on the European referendum. He wants you to vote to stay? . Plus

:18:51. > :18:54.match fixing in tennis, again, an Italian prosecutor says more than

:18:55. > :18:58.two dozen top players should be investigated because their name

:18:59. > :18:59.appears in evidence seized from gamblers allegedly trying to fix

:19:00. > :19:09.games. We will bring you that story. Russian fighter planes have started

:19:10. > :19:11.withdrawing from Syria, just hours after President Putin's

:19:12. > :19:13.surprise announcement that the country had largely

:19:14. > :19:15.achieved its military objectives. Western officials have

:19:16. > :19:16.cautiously welcomed the move, saying it could pressure Syria's

:19:17. > :19:19.government to engage in peace The Government is expected to back

:19:20. > :19:30.plans to speed up work on building two major rail projects,

:19:31. > :19:33.including a new high speed line An infrastructure report has

:19:34. > :19:36.concluded that the north of England needs "immediate and significant"

:19:37. > :19:40.transport investment. Families of children affected

:19:41. > :19:43.by meningitis B will tell MPs why they want the vaccination programme

:19:44. > :19:46.in the UK to be extended to children Currently, the vaccine is only

:19:47. > :20:06.routinely given to infants. German police say they believe a

:20:07. > :20:08.device caused a car to explode in Berlin many morning.

:20:09. > :20:10.Pope Francis has announced that Mother Teresa of Calcutta,

:20:11. > :20:13.the nun who dedicated her life to helping the poor,

:20:14. > :20:15.will be made a Roman Catholic Saint in September.

:20:16. > :20:20.The Nobel peace laureate died in 1997 at the age of 87.

:20:21. > :20:22.Norwegian mass murderer Anders Breivik has given a Nazi

:20:23. > :20:25.salute at the start of a court hearing on the conditions

:20:26. > :20:28.He's suing the government, claiming that being kept

:20:29. > :20:37.in isolation breaches his human rights.

:20:38. > :20:43.Now some sport. Good morning, Leicester City's relentless and

:20:44. > :20:47.remarkable charge towards the Premier League title continues, they

:20:48. > :20:53.are five points clear of their nearest rivals with eight matches

:20:54. > :21:00.left to play after a 1-0 win over Newcastle last night. Fantastic goal

:21:01. > :21:04.that was by the way. Andy Murray has suffered a shock defeat to dell bone

:21:05. > :21:10.necessary in the third round of the Indian wells tournament. It was his

:21:11. > :21:17.first ATP singles competition since becoming a father. Better news for

:21:18. > :21:21.Johanna Konta who is through the last 16 and will play Pliskova

:21:22. > :21:25.tonight. And Willie Mullin has four red hot favourites running on the

:21:26. > :21:30.opening day of the Cheltenham Festival. Any Power goes in the

:21:31. > :21:34.feature race. More throughout the day on the BBC News channel.

:21:35. > :21:36.More throughout the day on the BBC News channel.

:21:37. > :21:39."We're not the ones to be blamed", the words of a manager of a Romanian

:21:40. > :21:42.haulage company who is going to the Court of Appeal tomorrow

:21:43. > :21:45.to challenge fines after migrants were found in the back

:21:46. > :21:54.So far his company has paid out more than ?3,000.

:21:55. > :21:56.Marius Cuzmin says he is following Home Office guidelines on security

:21:57. > :21:59.and is doing all he can to stop migrants boarding his vehicles.

:22:00. > :22:01.It's the first such case for a decade.

:22:02. > :22:04.Firms, including British ones, were fined more than ?6 million last

:22:05. > :22:17.If the case succeeds, it could have huge implications

:22:18. > :22:19.for the haulage industry, with more companies getting back

:22:20. > :22:22.Marius Cuzmin, whose company is bringing the case,

:22:23. > :22:25.is here, together with Jim Rushton, a lorry driver from Telford,

:22:26. > :22:28.who faces a ?10,000 fine after five Afghans were found in the back

:22:29. > :22:31.And Ahmad al-Rashid, a migrant from Aleppo in Syria

:22:32. > :22:36.Heltenham Festival. Any Power goes in the feature race. More throughout

:22:37. > :22:39.the day on the BBC News channel. Thank you for coming on the

:22:40. > :22:42.programme. Let us begin with you Marius, tell us why you are taking

:22:43. > :22:46.this to the Court of Appeal, what is your argument? Good morning. We feel

:22:47. > :22:54.like everything that is going on, and it ends up on our shoulder,

:22:55. > :23:02.blame, it is not the right thing, we are doing everything we can, every

:23:03. > :23:09.day crossing into UK, we have incidents that we managed to see

:23:10. > :23:18.before, to realise that there is actual migrant inside the trailer.

:23:19. > :23:27.We reported, we have them, let's say removed from, from our vehicles, by

:23:28. > :23:35.the French police, at those times there is no fine issued, but a lot

:23:36. > :23:39.of the cargo is being damaged. Just to pause for a second, so the

:23:40. > :23:45.audience knows we are showing footage now on television here in

:23:46. > :23:50.Britain, to our audience that you have filmed of refugees and illegal

:23:51. > :23:56.migrants in the back of some of your lorry, sorry, do continue. So it is

:23:57. > :24:02.not only the fine which is, let us say the fact that is taking us to

:24:03. > :24:10.this level, to the Court of Appeal, it is also all the trouble that we

:24:11. > :24:16.go to, with our customers, with the cargo which has been damaged so many

:24:17. > :24:22.times, like I said before, we are following everything which has been

:24:23. > :24:26.recommended by the UK border force on their website, however, there are

:24:27. > :24:36.times when the trucks are sealed, we don't have access to the cargo, and

:24:37. > :24:40.we, although we go through the scanning device, which is mounted at

:24:41. > :24:46.the entrance, at the tunnel entrance, that would be the first

:24:47. > :24:54.checkpoint, then we go to the second checkpoint which is either an

:24:55. > :25:03.inspection by the dogs that belong to the French border control, we had

:25:04. > :25:06.this particular incident, when, the UK border force checkpoint, they

:25:07. > :25:13.found three immigrants inside and we were penalised for it. So sorry, you

:25:14. > :25:17.have been through two kind of, two security checks and still the

:25:18. > :25:21.illegal migrants inside haven't been picked up with the scanners and the

:25:22. > :25:29.rest of it? Yes, that I were not detected. Wow. OK. Let... It is

:25:30. > :25:37.always that we go through all three checkpoints. Let me bring in Ahmad

:25:38. > :25:41.who is sitting alongside me, 26 years of age, a refugee from Aleppo

:25:42. > :25:47.in Syria, and you managed to get to the UK, in the back of a lorry,

:25:48. > :25:50.having spent some time in Calais waiting for this opportunity because

:25:51. > :25:56.a smuggler helped you do that, what did he do? Mainly the smuggler, they

:25:57. > :26:00.got a set of tools, we work with them into different park, and they

:26:01. > :26:06.use this tool to smuggle people, put people on the back of these lorries

:26:07. > :26:10.or trucks. So the tools open the back of the lorries, Yes, they open

:26:11. > :26:14.them, they are superintelligent, they open them and that relock them

:26:15. > :26:19.again, so no-one is suspicious there is someone in the back of the lorry.

:26:20. > :26:24.Advice did the smuggler give to you and fell row ref Lee -- refugees as

:26:25. > :26:29.you got in the back The first thing, these are smuggler, they are human

:26:30. > :26:33.trafficker, they, they tell you don't move while you are there, just

:26:34. > :26:38.be motionless, so no-one will detect you.

:26:39. > :26:43.What was it like in the back of the lorry. Horrendous, absolutely

:26:44. > :26:47.horrendous, if people were given the opportunity to travel, you know,

:26:48. > :26:52.with dignity, they wouldn't risk their lives, and to be the back a

:26:53. > :26:56.lorry of a refrigeration truck. How many days were you in the truck

:26:57. > :26:59.before it reached its destination. I spent three days in the back of

:27:00. > :27:04.lorry. Before that three days sitting there, waiting for it to

:27:05. > :27:09.move. Absolutely -- absolutely, it was in the port three days,

:27:10. > :27:13.motionless, but I had food and water with me which the smuggler provided.

:27:14. > :27:17.He said don't move, be motionless because if you move, the, the motion

:27:18. > :27:24.sensors will detect you and they will be arrested. So how do you

:27:25. > :27:30.respond when, when knowing that what you did was illegal? I mean, I first

:27:31. > :27:34.of all, I really really feel so sorry for the lorry driver, for the

:27:35. > :27:39.trucker drivers, because this is not their mistake, to be fined. So they,

:27:40. > :27:44.there he is, he mentioned he crossed two security checks, so, it has

:27:45. > :27:49.nothing do with the driver, to be blamed. The first place, I mean, we

:27:50. > :27:52.should focus on the main Ron why these people are taking this illegal

:27:53. > :27:56.way, if these people were given a chance, with to travel with dignity,

:27:57. > :28:01.again, I am saying the word dignity, because these are people, you know,

:28:02. > :28:05.travelling, risking their lives, everything, so if there was a system

:28:06. > :28:10.in place, allowing people to travel on a ticket, no-one would risk his

:28:11. > :28:16.life or her life in the back of a lorry. Marius, you have heard Ahmad,

:28:17. > :28:23.you talked to each other, he feels a great deal of sympathy, what about

:28:24. > :28:34.you to him? Well, I think we kind of share the same idea. Basically, it

:28:35. > :28:42.is not us that created this magnet, for migrants that our trying to

:28:43. > :28:53.reach UK, we are trying to make, let's say a job, to earn a living,

:28:54. > :28:58.and we are part of ongoing fight between border force, and waves of

:28:59. > :29:05.migrants, that try to reach the other side of the English Channel.

:29:06. > :29:12.But it is not our battle. We are caught in the cross fire, and the

:29:13. > :29:22.results are hurting us, very very bad, both on the financial aspect,

:29:23. > :29:30.and nevertheless, our image, the customers, that will let's say

:29:31. > :29:35.cancel further orders, if something has been destroyed, damaged, or

:29:36. > :29:45.delayed by such incident, by migrant incidents. The cost of insurance

:29:46. > :29:53.goes up, with every claim that is being let's say up for payment, and

:29:54. > :30:00.there is nothing we can do. By no means drivers are let's say allowed

:30:01. > :30:08.to get out of the vehicle, to come in contact with the migrants, and

:30:09. > :30:13.try to remove them from the vehicles, always when there is

:30:14. > :30:19.somebody inside. The drivers were sent directly to the first French

:30:20. > :30:25.border control, we had to wait sometimes even two or three hours,

:30:26. > :30:31.until a police crew arrived, the migrants were asked to go down from

:30:32. > :30:38.the truck, and they were just sent away to where ever they wanted to

:30:39. > :30:43.go. So nothing happened over there. Let me bring Ahmad back in, when the

:30:44. > :30:48.truck you were in the back of arrived in Britain, did the driver

:30:49. > :30:53.spot you then, what happened? No, that time the driver wasn't plenty,

:30:54. > :30:57.so, the smuggler gave us a kind of play, he said you slash the back of

:30:58. > :31:08.the lorry and you get out of that truck. Right. Where had you arrived?

:31:09. > :31:13.Kind of place near, Grimsby, Hull. Hull. Grimsby. Near. Can I ask you

:31:14. > :31:18.about another story which is directly relevant to you and your

:31:19. > :31:23.family back home in Syria, which is about Russian troops, withdrawing

:31:24. > :31:26.from Syria, they have been in the country, Vladimir Putin and ally of

:31:27. > :31:30.President Assad, your President, he has been. Going various parts of

:31:31. > :31:34.Syria in order to help President Assad, what do you think of this

:31:35. > :31:41.withdrawal? First of all, we need to know that Russia came to Syria, to

:31:42. > :31:45.help, and now they are withdrawing because they achieve their

:31:46. > :31:50.potential. They bolstered Assad's position. In the future the Russian,

:31:51. > :31:55.I mean co-ordinating they are Assad's best ally, so next in the

:31:56. > :31:59.Geneva talks, anything Assad will be in a better position to have a bet

:32:00. > :32:01.dealer. Right. Do you want to go back to your country or do you want

:32:02. > :32:11.your family to come here? Absolutely, no one wants to leave

:32:12. > :32:14.his own country, no one wants to leave their country and become a

:32:15. > :32:18.refugee or a migrant and cause trouble to the lorry drivers and

:32:19. > :32:24.everyone. So I hope the war will come to an end to. Me and thousands,

:32:25. > :32:30.tens of thousands, millions now, over 5 million people are hoping, 5

:32:31. > :32:34.million people in refuge are hoping the war will come to an end soon so

:32:35. > :32:39.they can go back to their land and home country. What do you want to

:32:40. > :32:43.do? I really hope to go back in the near future, now I have the

:32:44. > :32:46.opportunity to continue my masters in post-conflict studies so I can go

:32:47. > :32:53.back and be a part of rebuilding the country. Let me ask you a final

:32:54. > :32:57.question, why did you travel such a distance to come to Britain? Why

:32:58. > :33:02.Britain, why not somewhere else on your journey? The two main reasons

:33:03. > :33:06.for me, I can't say for other people, the first main reason is the

:33:07. > :33:10.language. I speak some English, it would save me at least two, three

:33:11. > :33:20.years learning German, Swedish, other languages. The most important

:33:21. > :33:25.reason is the Family Reunion process in the UK is faster compared to

:33:26. > :33:33.other European EU countries. Thank you very much for coming on the

:33:34. > :33:38.programme. Refugee from Aleppo came to Britain in the back of a lorry.

:33:39. > :33:41.And also ever prevented from the Romanian truck company who will be

:33:42. > :33:45.going to the Court of Appeal tomorrow to try to appeal those

:33:46. > :33:48.fines. A Home Office spokesperson told of

:33:49. > :33:51.the Government has invested tens of millions of pounds to reinforce

:33:52. > :33:57.security at the border in northern France. They said, the civil penalty

:33:58. > :34:00.regime is a wider part of our response to tackle illegal

:34:01. > :34:02.immigration and exists to ensure that all drivers are taking

:34:03. > :34:07.reasonable measures to stop migrants from boarding their lorries. We are

:34:08. > :34:13.currently consulting on proposals to modernise the regime to reflect both

:34:14. > :34:14.developments in technology and available to hauliers and operators

:34:15. > :34:25.and the tactics used by migrants. Still to come: The new

:34:26. > :34:27.species of the T-Rex which could hold the key to how

:34:28. > :34:30.these creatures grew so huge. Tennis fans reacted with shock

:34:31. > :34:33.when it was alleged their sport had turned a blind eye to evidence that

:34:34. > :34:36.top players have been throwing matches in return for huge sums

:34:37. > :34:39.of cash paid to them by gamblers. Now a further investigation

:34:40. > :34:41.by the BBC and Buzzfeed adds to the pressure on the

:34:42. > :34:43.tennis authorities. An Italian prosecutor,

:34:44. > :34:44.who's already pursuing cases against two players,

:34:45. > :34:47.has said that he believes many Our investigative reporter

:34:48. > :35:01.Simon Cox can tell us more. What happy found out this time?

:35:02. > :35:05.As you mentioned, we have been talking to the Italian prosecutor,

:35:06. > :35:09.he has spent two years on this inquiry into tennis match fixing, he

:35:10. > :35:14.has tens of thousands of documents, phone taps, Internet chat logs. We

:35:15. > :35:17.have managed to get hold of hundreds of those confidential documents,

:35:18. > :35:25.including these chapped logs which start in 2007 between an accountant

:35:26. > :35:27.from Bologna and a tennis player who is a former top 50 Italian player.

:35:28. > :36:53.Here is some of what they said... It is interesting looking at those,

:36:54. > :36:56.they start in 2007, they carry on for four years, those chats between

:36:57. > :36:59.the gambler and this particular player, but there are lots of other

:37:00. > :37:03.chat logs as well, conversations with gamblers and players.

:37:04. > :37:09.Did tennis know about Daniele Bracciali?

:37:10. > :37:12.They did, interestingly. In our previous story, when I sat here

:37:13. > :37:17.talking about it in January, there had been a report prepared for

:37:18. > :37:22.tennis in 2008, a year-long inquiry looking at suspicious matches and

:37:23. > :37:28.there had been repeated warning sent to tennis by bookmakers about

:37:29. > :37:34.Daniele Bracciali and the other player, that the Italians have

:37:35. > :37:39.accused of conspiracy to fix matches. The recommendation in 2008

:37:40. > :37:45.-- in 2008 that these players needed to be looked at, tennis decided they

:37:46. > :37:50.did not need to be looked at, but if they had, these chat logs that the

:37:51. > :37:53.prosecutor has now found years later and is using as evidence to

:37:54. > :37:56.prosecute these players. Is it just these two players in this

:37:57. > :38:00.evidence? No, there are over two dozen top

:38:01. > :38:05.level players mentioned in the evidence, lots of them non-Italian.

:38:06. > :38:08.We talked to the prosecutor, Roberto Di Matteo, and he said he could not

:38:09. > :38:13.look at the other players, you looked at the Italians but the

:38:14. > :38:17.others are out of his jurisdiction, the matches were not taking place in

:38:18. > :38:21.Italy, some of them Wimbledon, some at the French Open that he says are

:38:22. > :38:25.suspicious that he would like to see looked at, but he was clear about

:38:26. > :39:08.what he would like to see happen to these players.

:39:09. > :39:16.What does tennis say? We asked, are they looking at the

:39:17. > :39:20.players mentioned in the evidence? Bidded not give us a response to

:39:21. > :39:24.that. They said they have set about independent review after our story

:39:25. > :39:28.in January, which is looking at match-fixing. Any new evidence they

:39:29. > :39:31.would look at. What is interesting, though, when we spoke to the

:39:32. > :39:36.prosecutor he said be tennis integrity unit had been to see him a

:39:37. > :39:39.few months ago but were only interested in Italian players, they

:39:40. > :39:44.didn't seem to be interested in the international ones, so going forward

:39:45. > :39:47.what we are furious to see is whether the independent review will

:39:48. > :39:50.look at the evidence he has got. If people want to hear more, how can

:39:51. > :39:53.they? They can listen to night on Radio 4

:39:54. > :39:58.at 8pm. Thank you.

:39:59. > :40:00.A newly-discovered species of tyrannosaur, the group

:40:01. > :40:02.of meat-eating dinosaurs which includes T-Rex,

:40:03. > :40:05.could hold the key to how these creatures grew so huge.

:40:06. > :40:08.Scientists from the University of Edinburgh, along with US

:40:09. > :40:10.and Russian colleagues, discovered the fossilised remains

:40:11. > :40:19.A study of the 90 million-year-old creature suggested its ears

:40:20. > :40:27.and brain were crucial to its dominance.

:40:28. > :40:29.With me now is Dr Manabu Sakamoto, a palaeontologist from

:40:30. > :40:42.Good morning. What do you think of this theory that what is crucial to

:40:43. > :40:51.its height is the development of the brain? I think it is interesting, it

:40:52. > :40:55.is something we see repeatedly in other groups of animals, where

:40:56. > :41:01.certain features, key features, have evolved before another feature, like

:41:02. > :41:08.four instance flight in birds as well, the feathers are actually in

:41:09. > :41:13.fossilised dinosaur is before they are in birds, then that adaptation

:41:14. > :41:20.allowed later on for birds to become flyers. You have these features

:41:21. > :41:26.appearing earlier in evolution, and then that enabled, for some reason,

:41:27. > :41:35.the acquisition of other traits, like in the case of the tyrannosaur

:41:36. > :41:38.a large body size. So is what they are finding at the University of

:41:39. > :41:42.Edinburgh really exciting for people like yourself, a palaeontologist?

:41:43. > :41:48.Absolutely, really exciting, yes, because the background for this that

:41:49. > :41:53.would excite us is that we knew for a long time that things like T-Rex,

:41:54. > :41:57.the very big giants of the late Cretaceous period, going to really

:41:58. > :42:01.close up to the 66 million year extinction time, the last of the

:42:02. > :42:07.dinosaurs, and one of the biggest dinosaurs around, the biggest

:42:08. > :42:12.carnivorous dinosaurs around, sorry, we have known them for a very long

:42:13. > :42:18.time but only recently we have found evidence of their smaller ancestors,

:42:19. > :42:23.all species that are closely related but much smaller. But they are very,

:42:24. > :42:30.very old in time, there was a very big gap between the small ancestors

:42:31. > :42:33.and the giants of the late audacious, so this specimen actually

:42:34. > :42:39.fills that gap putting nicely in terms of the time, the geological

:42:40. > :42:43.time. So there was a gap in the fossil record and this is not the

:42:44. > :42:49.final piece in the jigsaw but another piece? Yes, a classic

:42:50. > :42:54.missing link case, we are filling in all the gaps. Not all of them, but

:42:55. > :42:59.slowly filling in a lot of gaps, more recent discoveries from China

:43:00. > :43:03.are doing that, too, and surprisingly, maybe surprisingly to

:43:04. > :43:09.some people, but Europe has some very early tyrannosaur is as well.

:43:10. > :43:14.The one that has been found is a close cousin of T-Rex but much, much

:43:15. > :43:20.smaller, the size of what? They are saying about the size of a horse.

:43:21. > :43:30.And what does the school reveal? They found the brain case have

:43:31. > :43:33.certain features, especially be ear canals, the inner ear, shoving

:43:34. > :43:37.features that are consistent, similar to what you would find in

:43:38. > :43:45.the giants of the late Cretaceous. What that means is they have an

:43:46. > :43:50.elongated tube that enabled them to hear very low frequencies. I have to

:43:51. > :43:56.pause you there, but thank you so much. The music is coming on! Thank

:43:57. > :44:00.you for watching today, back tomorrow at 9:15am. Have a good day.

:44:01. > :44:05.On Easter week 1916, a band of Irish rebels seized control of Dublin.

:44:06. > :44:08.For six days they held out against the might of the British Empire.

:44:09. > :44:14.Three of the rebels who held Dublin city that week were my uncles

:44:15. > :44:17.I'm going to re-trace my uncles' steps.