22/08/2017

:00:00. > :00:08.Hello it's Tuesday, it's 9 o'clock, I'm Joanna Gosling,

:00:09. > :00:24.Donald Trump has changed his mind about withdrawing US troops in

:00:25. > :00:27.Afghanistan. He said he will send in more troops and that the US will

:00:28. > :00:53.fight to win. He said he will send in more troops

:00:54. > :00:56.and that the US will We'll be speaking to a Republican

:00:57. > :01:00.strategist and a former US assistant secretary of defence in the next

:01:01. > :01:03.hour about what the change signifies In the UK anyone found in possession

:01:04. > :01:07.of cannabis can be sentenced And yet despite this the marijuana

:01:08. > :01:10.industry is still booming. We've been to two European

:01:11. > :01:27.countries with very different Bake Off is back! Almost. The baking

:01:28. > :01:31.favourite returns to our screens next week with new faces and on a

:01:32. > :01:35.new channel, of course. So will it rise to the occasion? We have had a

:01:36. > :01:41.sneak peek. Hello, welcome to the programme,

:01:42. > :01:44.we're live until 11 this morning. Also if you think the bake off pun

:01:45. > :01:48.was bad, don't worry we have much better in store,

:01:49. > :01:52.as we will be talking to the winner of the award for the best joke

:01:53. > :01:55.at the Edinburgh Fringe this year. Do get in touch on all the stories

:01:56. > :01:59.we're talking about this morning - use the hashtag Victoria live

:02:00. > :02:21.and If you text, you will be charged President Trump said he'd changed

:02:22. > :02:23.his mind about withdrawing troops from Afghanistan last night in a

:02:24. > :02:27.major speech. The man who always said he didn't

:02:28. > :02:32.want to intervene abroad came to announce the intervention

:02:33. > :02:34.in Afghanistan is He said it was for

:02:35. > :02:45.the right reasons. We are a partner and a friend but

:02:46. > :02:50.will not dictate to the Afghan people how to live or govern their

:02:51. > :02:53.own complex society. We are not nation-building again. We are

:02:54. > :03:00.killing terrorists. He announced the lifting

:03:01. > :03:03.of a cap on the number of US troops in Afghanistan,

:03:04. > :03:06.and that there would be no time My original instinct was to pull

:03:07. > :03:09.out, and historically, But all my life, I've heard that

:03:10. > :03:14.decisions are much different when you sit behind the desk

:03:15. > :03:19.in the Oval Office. A very different Donald Trump

:03:20. > :03:22.to the one who said this kind of thing right

:03:23. > :03:34.through the Obama years. And that is the basis

:03:35. > :03:38.on which he campaigned as a presidential candidate,

:03:39. > :03:42.that he wouldn't spend American He says he now realises that pulling

:03:43. > :04:00.out American troops from Afghanistan Our primary mission after 9/11 was

:04:01. > :04:05.to kill terrorists and I think he's going back to that original purpose

:04:06. > :04:10.that the reason we came into Afghanistan was because of what

:04:11. > :04:13.happened on 9/11 and the fact that Afghanistan was being used as

:04:14. > :04:20.sanctuary and safe haven for terrorists. The toughest words of

:04:21. > :04:24.his speech were directed at Pakistan, Afghanistan's neighbour.

:04:25. > :04:28.We have been paying Pakistan billions and billions of dollars. At

:04:29. > :04:33.the same time, they're housing the very terrorists that we are

:04:34. > :04:39.fighting. But that will have to change and that will change

:04:40. > :04:42.immediately. How the President expects Pakistan to comply and more

:04:43. > :04:47.broadly how he believes the US will, in his words, fight to win in

:04:48. > :04:52.Afghanistan, wasn't made entirely clear. The only thing that is

:04:53. > :04:56.certain is that there's still no end in sight for America's longest war.

:04:57. > :05:06.Aleem Maqbool, BBC News in Washington.

:05:07. > :05:13.Our correspondent gave us the latest from Kabul.

:05:14. > :05:17.The response will be given to President Trump's announcement. I've

:05:18. > :05:20.been speaking to the former head of the after began Army and he told me

:05:21. > :05:23.he very much welcomed what Donald Trump had to say, the after began

:05:24. > :05:29.Foreign Minister's also taken to Twitter to say he welcomes it. As

:05:30. > :05:34.you say, security has been steadily deteriorating in Afghanistan. Last

:05:35. > :05:40.year it saw nearly 3,500 civilians die as a result of the violence. So

:05:41. > :05:46.there had been concern here that if America were to make a complete

:05:47. > :05:50.withdrawal from the country, then that could boost the Taliban;

:05:51. > :05:55.instead President Trump seems to be quite clear he doesn't want to see

:05:56. > :06:00.the Taliban take over Afghanistan. At the same time, he says he

:06:01. > :06:02.believes eventually some form of political settlement with the

:06:03. > :06:07.Taliban will be necessary in order to bring about peace and that's

:06:08. > :06:13.actually pretty much the position of the Afghan Government here. So

:06:14. > :06:17.overall, things are being very much welcomed in Afghanistan. We'll talk

:06:18. > :06:19.more about that shortly. Let us know your thoughts and the usual ways of

:06:20. > :06:21.getting in touch. Matthew is in the BBC

:06:22. > :06:23.Newsroom with a summary At least two people have died

:06:24. > :06:29.and more than 30 injured after an earthquake on the Italian

:06:30. > :06:32.island of Ischia. Residents and tourists

:06:33. > :06:35.ran into the streets as buildings collapsed; the quake

:06:36. > :06:38.hit just before nine The earthquake struck just as local

:06:39. > :06:49.families and tourists on the holiday People were evacuated

:06:50. > :06:57.from buildings, including One woman was killed

:06:58. > :07:04.when rubble fell from a church. At least 20 other

:07:05. > :07:07.people were injured. Ischia is an hour's ferry ride

:07:08. > :07:11.from Naples and lies about seven miles from the epicentre

:07:12. > :07:16.of the earthquake. The island's northern town

:07:17. > :07:21.of Casamicciola was the worst hit. In the village, firemen located

:07:22. > :07:29.a baby trap beneath the rubble. In the village, firemen located

:07:30. > :07:32.a baby trapped beneath the rubble. After a delicate operation,

:07:33. > :07:34.a welcome sound. Some firemen were already on the

:07:35. > :07:40.island to deal with wildfires. Italy's beautiful islands

:07:41. > :07:46.are a draw for visitors, but unfortunately in an area prone

:07:47. > :07:50.to seismic activity, After this latest earthquake,

:07:51. > :08:21.one resident said it looked Police in Catalonia last night said

:08:22. > :08:25.they shot dead the suspected driver of a van that ploughed into

:08:26. > :08:30.pedestrians in Barcelona last Thursday. Younes Abuyaaqoub was

:08:31. > :08:35.found hiding in a vineyard 30 miles west of the city.

:08:36. > :08:43.Scrap your car get some cash back on a new less polluting vehicle.

:08:44. > :08:45.The carmaker, Ford is the latest company to offer

:08:46. > :08:49.The scrappage scheme offers drivers 2000 pounds off a new Ford -

:08:50. > :08:53.if they trade in a petrol or diesel car or van that's over 7 years old.

:08:54. > :08:56.The scheme will run until the end of the year.

:08:57. > :08:57.The UK is to call for "close co-operation"

:08:58. > :08:59.with the European Union to resolve cross-border legal

:09:00. > :09:02.We will get more details of the government's

:09:03. > :09:05.negotiating strategy later - this time the focus will be on how

:09:06. > :09:07.things like divorces and commercial disputes that span multiple

:09:08. > :09:13.Currently it is EU regulations that specify how

:09:14. > :09:20.An investigation has begun after a 17-year-old girl

:09:21. > :09:22.was sexually assaulted - twice - by two different

:09:23. > :09:26.She was travelling home from a music festival.

:09:27. > :09:29.British Transport Police say the assaults happened

:09:30. > :09:33.on a Great Western Railway service - between Newquay and Plymouth -

:09:34. > :09:36.on Saturday the 12th of August - some time between 8.45 and 9pm.

:09:37. > :09:41.The victim was returning from the Boardmasters music festival.

:09:42. > :10:02.A Danish inventor has been charged with killing a journalist in his

:10:03. > :10:07.submarine home. A headless torso was found in Copenhagen. He initially

:10:08. > :10:10.said he left the Swedish journalist alive on an island during a voyage,

:10:11. > :10:13.then he said she died in an accident. The authorities are yet to

:10:14. > :10:14.formally identify the body. India's supreme court has ruled

:10:15. > :10:18.that the controversial Islamic practice of instant

:10:19. > :10:21.divorce is unconstitutional. The practice enables a man

:10:22. > :10:24.to divorce a woman by saying the word 'talaq' or 'divorce'

:10:25. > :10:26.to her three times. The landmark decision

:10:27. > :10:40.is being hailed as a victory Royal Mail has picked out ten of the

:10:41. > :10:47.nation's favourite toys from the past 100 years for a set of stamps.

:10:48. > :10:53.Stickle bricks, Meccano, the Space hopper, action men and Cindy are

:10:54. > :10:54.among them. It's chosen the toys for their Enduring appeal.

:10:55. > :10:59.Astonishing images from the Great American Eclipse.

:11:00. > :11:02.Millions watched as the moon passed in front of the Sun casting

:11:03. > :11:04.a shadow more than 60 miles wide across Earth.

:11:05. > :11:06.Our science correspondent Pallab Ghosh joined the sky

:11:07. > :11:26.They came in their tens of thousands, like pilgrims,

:11:27. > :11:30.They came to witness one of nature's great spectacles.

:11:31. > :11:32.It is a quarter past ten in the morning but it

:11:33. > :11:36.We are just a few seconds away from the total eclipse,

:11:37. > :11:38.and the moon has almost completely covered the sun.

:11:39. > :11:40.It looks like a smiley face in the sky.

:11:41. > :11:49.And then the moon blocks the sun's bright disc.

:11:50. > :11:53.Its atmosphere, normally washed away by the solar light,

:11:54. > :11:56.now appears as a halo around the moon.

:11:57. > :12:02.It seems like a shimmering black pearl, hanging in the sky.

:12:03. > :12:05.This was definitely something you have to see in person.

:12:06. > :12:11.It's something that you can't describe.

:12:12. > :12:16.The eclipse crossed the entire US - ten states, a distance of 2,500

:12:17. > :12:23.From coast to coast, it seemed everybody was interested.

:12:24. > :12:27.For two incredible minutes, the tiny town became

:12:28. > :12:32.the centre of the universe, as those here became the first

:12:33. > :12:35.in America to witness one of the great wonders of the solar

:12:36. > :13:03.That was one way to watch it. Passengers on a cruise watched it

:13:04. > :13:07.another way with Bonnie Tyler performing her apt song.

:13:08. > :13:15.# Total eclipse of the heart... There you go. Bonnie Tyler

:13:16. > :13:19.performing that power ballad from the '80s, passengers were on board

:13:20. > :13:23.that cruise ship especially to watch the eclipse. Joanna, I'm sorry to

:13:24. > :13:27.have put that song in your head for the rest of the programme. More at

:13:28. > :13:40.9. 30. It's not going to leave. Thank you very much! In a moment

:13:41. > :13:45.we'll speak to a strategist about President Trump changing his mind on

:13:46. > :13:52.Afghanistan. Do get in touch. Right now let us catch up with the sport

:13:53. > :13:57.with hue and the footballer Aluko has spoken for the first time about

:13:58. > :14:01.the bullying and discrimination she says she was subjected to by the

:14:02. > :14:07.England coach Mark Simpson? That is right. One of the most capped

:14:08. > :14:10.players was dropped by England days after she made the allegations

:14:11. > :14:14.against Mark Sampson, having been asked by the Football Association to

:14:15. > :14:17.be part of a review and has claimed she suffered victimisation as a

:14:18. > :14:21.result of her reporting the discrimination. She also says two

:14:22. > :14:24.investigations into her grievances were flawed because key witnesses

:14:25. > :14:29.were not spoken to and key evidence not looked at. She also told our

:14:30. > :14:36.Sports Editor Dan Roan about an incident back in 2014.

:14:37. > :14:40.He asked me, which family members is it, who is coming to watch the game

:14:41. > :14:49.for you. I said, I have family coming in from Nigeria, family

:14:50. > :14:55.coming in. And he said, "make sure they don't come over with ebola".

:14:56. > :15:01.When that was said, did you challenge him at the time and say

:15:02. > :15:07.that's unacceptable? No. I laughed. I laughed because, I mean, I was in

:15:08. > :15:13.shock, I didn't know... I didn't know what to say. The FA have

:15:14. > :15:18.strongly denied the most recent claims, insisting the timing of her

:15:19. > :15:23.being dropped was coincidental and say all of the evidence remains

:15:24. > :15:27.anonymous. A three month independent investigation last year didn't

:15:28. > :15:34.uphold any of the only plaints and cleared Sampson of the claims. Aluko

:15:35. > :15:37.reached a settlement with the FA receiving around ?80,000. On to

:15:38. > :15:43.Wayne Rooney, another milestone in his career?

:15:44. > :15:49.Yes, 200 goals for Wayne Rooney in the Premier League. It came against

:15:50. > :15:55.Manchester City. He said it would have been a nice moment for the red

:15:56. > :16:02.half of the city. This goal came for Everton. His second of the season.

:16:03. > :16:06.Both teams ended the game with ten men on a dramatic night. Raheem

:16:07. > :16:09.Sterling got the equaliser for Manchester City with eight minutes

:16:10. > :16:15.remaining. For Rooney it was a night to remember, though he is still 60

:16:16. > :16:20.behind the only other player to reach 200, Alan Shearer.

:16:21. > :16:26.Congratulations Wainman reaching 200 Premier League goals. A great

:16:27. > :16:30.achievement. Where have you been? The 200 club has been a lonely club

:16:31. > :16:33.over the last few years. Well done. I'm sure you have in you. This is

:16:34. > :16:48.how they compare. Wayne Rooney is the leading

:16:49. > :16:55.goal-scorer for his country and 53. And finally, Victoria Azarenka has

:16:56. > :16:59.been forced to pull out of the US Open? She won't be there. It is a

:17:00. > :17:03.tournament she has reached the final of twice. Because of an ongoing

:17:04. > :17:09.family situation that she is working through, she has withdrawn. She

:17:10. > :17:13.reached the fourth round at Wimbledon but has not played since.

:17:14. > :17:17.She recently spoke about the issue and said she would only be able to

:17:18. > :17:21.play at the US Open later this month in New York if she left her home --

:17:22. > :17:28.son at home in California, something she wasn't prepared to do. She

:17:29. > :17:32.separated from her child's father last month. At the moment she is

:17:33. > :17:33.unable to play any tennis. Thank you.

:17:34. > :17:36.President Trump says he's changed his mind about pulling US

:17:37. > :17:38.forces out of Afghanistan since becoming president.

:17:39. > :17:40.In his first televised address to the nation,

:17:41. > :17:43.the president said he didn't want to repeat the mistakes made

:17:44. > :17:46.in Iraq, by leaving a vacuum for militants to fill.

:17:47. > :17:48.Mr Trump said instead he'd be sending more troops -

:17:49. > :17:52.though he didn't give an exact figure, and he refused to put a time

:17:53. > :18:00.He said it was in America's interests to "fight to win".

:18:01. > :18:05.Terrorists who slaughter innocent people will find no glory

:18:06. > :18:11.They are nothing but thugs, and criminals, and predators, and,

:18:12. > :18:21.Working alongside our allies, we will break their will,

:18:22. > :18:25.dry up their recruitment, keep them from crossing our borders,

:18:26. > :18:29.and yes, we will defeat them, and we will defeat them handily.

:18:30. > :18:34.In Afghanistan and Pakistan, America's interests are clear.

:18:35. > :18:38.We must stop the resurgence of safe havens that enable terrorists

:18:39. > :18:41.to threaten America, and we must prevent nuclear weapons

:18:42. > :18:45.and materials from coming into the hands of terrorists

:18:46. > :18:47.and being used against us, or anywhere in the world

:18:48. > :19:02.What a difference from a few years ago, when Donald Trump was singing

:19:03. > :19:07.Afghanistan is a total and complete disaster.

:19:08. > :19:16.Money should be spent on our country.

:19:17. > :19:22.We should rebuild our country. Let's get with it. Get out of Afghanistan.

:19:23. > :19:27.My original instinct was to pull out, and historically,

:19:28. > :19:34.But all my life I've heard that decisions are much different

:19:35. > :19:38.when you sit behind the desk in the Oval

:19:39. > :19:44.Office as President of the United States.

:19:45. > :19:47.The present war in Afghanistan started in 2001, in the aftermath

:19:48. > :19:54.of the September 11 attacks on the World Trade Centre in New York.

:19:55. > :19:57.At its height there were Armed Forces from around 40

:19:58. > :19:59.countries fighting Islamist groups Al-Qaeda and the Taliban.

:20:00. > :20:02.President Obama withdrew most American troops

:20:03. > :20:09.Only just over 8000 US troops remain, supported

:20:10. > :20:12.by 5000 troops from Nato, working to train the Afghan

:20:13. > :20:16.security services and to run counter-terrorism operations.

:20:17. > :20:19.Since then, the Taliban has been taking back land

:20:20. > :20:22.that it lost in the war, and fighters from Islamic State

:20:23. > :20:26.are increasingly carrying out attacks in the country.

:20:27. > :20:29.Lets talk to Scottie Nell Hughes, a journalist and supporter

:20:30. > :20:33.And Larry Korb, a military expert from the Centre

:20:34. > :20:37.for American Progress, and former Assistant Secretary

:20:38. > :20:52.Welcome to both of you. That has been quite a rethink, hasn't it? It

:20:53. > :20:59.has been described as a flip-flop, a U-turn, what do you think? I think

:21:00. > :21:03.the president showed the frustration of the war continuing in

:21:04. > :21:07.Afghanistan. I have been a part of the Trump campaign long enough to

:21:08. > :21:14.remember back in March 2016 he did say, I think you have to stay in

:21:15. > :21:16.Afghanistan for a while. It is next to Pakistan which has nuclear

:21:17. > :21:21.weapons, and we have to protect them. He also said he will listen to

:21:22. > :21:23.his generals. And what a refreshing statement that is from a

:21:24. > :21:32.commander-in-chief that he will listen to those on the ground.

:21:33. > :21:36.President Trump Omeley admitted a change in strategy. He wants to put

:21:37. > :21:40.America first. But also, he doesn't want to create a troubled situation

:21:41. > :21:45.like what we saw President Obama doing is quick withdrawal of troops

:21:46. > :21:51.from Iraq, therefore creating the terrorist issues we're having many

:21:52. > :21:56.other countries. Larry, refreshing and humble from President Trump. How

:21:57. > :22:00.do you see it? I'm glad he changed his mind from his campaign

:22:01. > :22:05.statements. I wish he could do that on the a lot of other areas. I'm

:22:06. > :22:11.also glad he is listening to the experts rather than some of the

:22:12. > :22:15.other people who seem to have been part of his national security

:22:16. > :22:20.apparatus. But he really didn't tell us anything we didn't know. We have

:22:21. > :22:29.been trying to kill the terrorists since 9/11. He also, in my view,

:22:30. > :22:34.used the wrong analogy. We had the war in Afghanistan won in 2002

:22:35. > :22:37.Omeley diverted our attention and resources to go into Iraq, where

:22:38. > :22:51.there was no al-Qaeda. Al-Qaeda came in. The deadline we said in Iraq was

:22:52. > :22:56.the idea of Iraqis, not our idea. The question now is how long do the

:22:57. > :23:03.Afghans want us what will be the rules. He is going to delegate more

:23:04. > :23:06.authority to military commanders. Having served in the military in

:23:07. > :23:11.Vietnam. I know what the military wants. I don't think he should only

:23:12. > :23:21.have the military making those decisions. Because to struggle

:23:22. > :23:25.against Isis and al-Qaeda has to be one psychologically and ideological

:23:26. > :23:31.it. And if you start bombing and killing innocent civilians, that

:23:32. > :23:37.will create more terrorists. For everyone you kill, you create six

:23:38. > :23:42.more. I want to talk to a bit more about the politics of it. Steve

:23:43. > :23:49.Bannon, who has only just left as chief strategist in the White House

:23:50. > :23:52.and gone back to the Breitbart News network, which meant people were

:23:53. > :23:56.looking at Breitbart to see how they would react after this first policy

:23:57. > :24:03.speech since his departure. One of the headlines is, Trump's America

:24:04. > :24:07.first base with flip-flop in Afghanistan speech. It confirms the

:24:08. > :24:10.fears that without a nationalist voice in the West Wing, the

:24:11. > :24:19.president will revert to the same old fair. How will his core base

:24:20. > :24:22.react to this? That is a very good question. It is something I think a

:24:23. > :24:29.lot of Americans will wake up to do today. In America, never depend on

:24:30. > :24:37.one movement based on one headline on one new site. If Americans start

:24:38. > :24:42.to look at the President's plan, there will be not seeking any

:24:43. > :24:49.additional resources to support this new South Asian strategy. We will

:24:50. > :24:53.stay on the same timetable. We will base it on actions on the ground.

:24:54. > :24:58.Americans will look at those mothers, fathers, wives and husbands

:24:59. > :25:02.who have lost people, who've lost loved ones in Afghanistan, and it's

:25:03. > :25:07.very hard look them in the eye and say, if we pull out our troops, your

:25:08. > :25:11.son and daughter died in vain. If that country continues to be a

:25:12. > :25:18.hotbed for terrorism, they could attack us in the United States. In

:25:19. > :25:26.terms of the cost, it currently costs $25 billion to sustain the

:25:27. > :25:30.president position a year. By sending in an extra 4000 troops, it

:25:31. > :25:36.estimates the cost financially. But also potentially in terms of

:25:37. > :25:39.American lives lost. Absolutely. But the president and the majority of

:25:40. > :25:46.Americans would rather fight that war over there before we do have

:25:47. > :25:49.another 9/11 here. He has said previously he would do just the

:25:50. > :25:54.opposite and that was part of what Americans voted for him for a?

:25:55. > :26:00.Absolutely. But I don't think you will see the reaction. It takes one

:26:01. > :26:03.terror attack on the ground here for people to realise we need to fight

:26:04. > :26:10.the evil over there rather than here at home. If people go through his

:26:11. > :26:16.plan in detail, and that is why you are seeing such overwhelming

:26:17. > :26:21.support. Come on, we are getting praise from my colleagues. Both

:26:22. > :26:25.sides in the United States are working together to find solutions.

:26:26. > :26:32.Unlike what we have seen in the last eight years. Both sides have the

:26:33. > :26:35.impetus from the experts to create a solution that works for everyone and

:26:36. > :26:41.not just one side based on one ideology. Larry, when we talk about

:26:42. > :26:45.the numbers, they are still tiny compared to what they were at their

:26:46. > :26:52.height. What difference will be is extra troops make and what has

:26:53. > :26:56.changed, actually, in terms of the reality on the ground? I think it's

:26:57. > :27:01.only going to make a marginal difference. The real issue NASCAR --

:27:02. > :27:05.Afghanistan as it was in Iraq, are you going to have a government that

:27:06. > :27:09.gets the support of the people? The current government, just like the

:27:10. > :27:13.Hamid Karzai government, is ripe with corruption. Because of that

:27:14. > :27:18.they're losing support from people who are not terrorists. They are

:27:19. > :27:24.people who, for example, support a particular ideology or a particular

:27:25. > :27:31.way of life, like the Taliban. We have talked about and Trump mention

:27:32. > :27:35.that last night, about coming to some sort of negotiations with the

:27:36. > :27:42.Taliban. If they are so bad, how do you think you can negotiate? You

:27:43. > :27:48.have got them all over the world. The way to deal with them is not to

:27:49. > :27:52.go in to do nation-building, just go in and attack them. You don't need

:27:53. > :27:58.to leave troops permanently there, any more than you have in the Yemen.

:27:59. > :28:02.We are attacking al-Qaeda in the and in so or in Syria, where we are

:28:03. > :28:08.allowing the Free Syrian Army to do the fighting and we are aiding them.

:28:09. > :28:13.A final thought from you, Scotty, when he talked about how it was his

:28:14. > :28:17.instinct to pull-out but then that decisions were much different when

:28:18. > :28:22.you sit behind the desk of the oval office... Do you think this will be

:28:23. > :28:25.the start potentially more U-turns? There has been a huge change,

:28:26. > :28:34.obviously, in the people behind the scenes. No, I do not. This is

:28:35. > :28:37.national security. This is because he has listened to intelligence

:28:38. > :28:41.briefings. The United States does not seek a military presence in

:28:42. > :28:46.Afghanistan. They do want to withdraw. They want to do it

:28:47. > :28:51.responsibly. They want to do economic development, like he has

:28:52. > :28:56.here. His policy has been focused on economic development in order to

:28:57. > :29:00.help these crisis issues. He will adopt the same policy over there and

:29:01. > :29:02.get his troops out as quickly as possible. We will not do it

:29:03. > :29:15.responsibly like in the past. Thank you both. Do let us now your

:29:16. > :29:21.thoughts as well. Now do something to be different, the Great British

:29:22. > :29:24.Bake Off. It moved to Channel 4. New channel, new faces.

:29:25. > :29:27.Mary, Mel and Sue have gone, replaced by Prue Leith alongside

:29:28. > :29:29.Paul Hollywood and comedians Sandi Toksvig and Noel Fielding

:29:30. > :29:35.TV critics and the press had a sneak preview of the new-style Channel 4

:29:36. > :29:36.Bake Off yesterday. Let's take a look.

:29:37. > :29:39.Paul and Pru must now decide who will be our first star baker

:29:40. > :29:45.The standard has been ridiculously high.

:29:46. > :29:47.This is one of the strongest challenges

:29:48. > :30:02.Nobody wants to be the first person to leave.

:30:03. > :30:19.His flavours are spectacular but is baking falls short.

:30:20. > :30:50.Our Entertainment Correspondent, Lizo Mzimba, got a sneak peak

:30:51. > :31:00.I really enjoyed it. It's a special show to the British public, they

:31:01. > :31:05.feel it doesn't belong particularly to the BBC or Channel 4, it belongs

:31:06. > :31:12.to the nation. It's quickly become part of the national fabric, so

:31:13. > :31:20.Tinker with that at your peril. Three presenters. Short of cloning

:31:21. > :31:24.Mary Berry, the new presenter is just like her. Very quickly into the

:31:25. > :31:29.show it felt very, very comfortable, with all the familiar themes, the

:31:30. > :31:36.tent, the music, and of course the thing that drives it through from

:31:37. > :31:42.people watching this. Some do spectacularly well, some close to

:31:43. > :31:45.disaster and being judged along. I felt comfortable and didn't think,

:31:46. > :31:49.it's not the same, I miss all these people. It's interesting because you

:31:50. > :31:53.wonder whether there would have been a real appeal in changing it a lot

:31:54. > :31:57.or whether it's better to keep it the same. We'll only know when it

:31:58. > :32:02.airs but the big difference people have talked about is that there'll

:32:03. > :32:06.be ad breaks. I was lucky enough in one way to see it without ad breaks

:32:07. > :32:10.but it was clear when they were coming. This is a difficult one for

:32:11. > :32:13.Channel 4. A lot will not like the fact ad breaks are in there and that

:32:14. > :32:17.it breaks the flow of the programme in the way they remember watching it

:32:18. > :32:21.when on the BBC. I suppose perhaps there might be younger viewers who

:32:22. > :32:25.might see the ad breaks as good opportunities for popping on to

:32:26. > :32:27.social media, probably on social media throughout the programme

:32:28. > :32:31.anyway but popping on and taking it as a chance for five minutes to

:32:32. > :32:34.discuss and see what other people are saying. Of course that is

:32:35. > :32:38.inevitably going to be a big difference. A lot of people

:32:39. > :32:41.instinctively don't like ad breaks if they are given the option not to

:32:42. > :32:47.have them. Thank you very much it's on Tuesday. Yes. Lovely.

:32:48. > :32:51.Politicians from across the political spectrum have said

:32:52. > :32:57.We look at the very different approaches in Portugal and Sweden

:32:58. > :33:09.Gum disease sufferers are more likely to suffer from dementia, that

:33:10. > :33:10.is a finding that we'll discuss later.

:33:11. > :33:17.Here's Matthew in the BBC Newsroom with a summary of today's news.

:33:18. > :33:23.It's Trump says the US is going to fight to win in Afghanistan. He's

:33:24. > :33:28.unveiled a new strategy in the war against the Taliban in a major

:33:29. > :33:31.speech last night and said he'd changed his mind about Waite drawing

:33:32. > :33:36.troops from the country. He called on NATO allies to do more as he

:33:37. > :33:38.lifted the cap on the number of US troops in Afghanistan and said there

:33:39. > :33:39.was no At least two people have died

:33:40. > :33:44.and more than 30 injured after an earthquake on the Italian

:33:45. > :33:47.island of Ischia. Residents and tourists

:33:48. > :33:50.ran into the streets as buildings collapsed; the quake

:33:51. > :34:02.hit just before nine Footage has been released of a baby

:34:03. > :34:08.being successfully rescued from the rubble.

:34:09. > :34:11.Police in Catalonia last night said they shot dead the suspected driver

:34:12. > :34:15.of a van that ploughed into pedestrians in

:34:16. > :34:22.Younes Abuyaaqoub was found hiding in a vineyard 30

:34:23. > :34:27.Scrap your car - get some cash back on a new less polluting vehicle.

:34:28. > :34:30.The carmaker, Ford is the latest company to offer

:34:31. > :34:35.The scrappage scheme offers drivers 2000 pounds off a new Ford -

:34:36. > :34:40.if they trade in a petrol or diesel car or van that's over 7 years old.

:34:41. > :34:51.The scheme will run until the end of the year.

:34:52. > :35:04.England footballer Eni Aloku speaks to the BBC about the "bullying

:35:05. > :35:06.and discrimination" she says she was subjected to

:35:07. > :35:10.Including her claims about a "racist comment" about her family.

:35:11. > :35:12.Sampson vehemently denies the claims and has been

:35:13. > :35:15.This is the 200th Premier League goal of Wayne Rooney's career.

:35:16. > :35:18.It helped Everton get a point at Manchester City.

:35:19. > :35:21.He's only the second player to reach the landmark but is still 60

:35:22. > :35:24.England will have wing Lydia Thompson fit for their Rugby

:35:25. > :35:26.World Cup semi final against France tonight.

:35:27. > :35:30.Coach Simon Middleton is promising no more rotation.

:35:31. > :35:38.He's going to pick his strongest side fo rthe match in Belfast.

:35:39. > :35:44.Victoria Azarenka has withdrawn from the US Open because of what she

:35:45. > :35:47.describes an an ongoing family situation that she's working

:35:48. > :35:52.through. She says she can't travel to New York and leave her son at

:35:53. > :36:02.home in California. Those are the headlines. More after ten.

:36:03. > :36:05.The Liberal Democrats new leader, Vince Cable, has told Radio 1

:36:06. > :36:07.Newsbeat that he continues to support the legalisation

:36:08. > :36:10.His comments come as a series of politicians from across

:36:11. > :36:13.the political spectrum say it's time for laws relating to

:36:14. > :36:17.Newsbeat's politics editor Jim Connolly has travelled to two

:36:18. > :36:20.European countries to see how their drugs policies compare -

:36:21. > :36:26.and how they might inform the debate here in the UK.

:36:27. > :36:29.Cannabis, weed, skunk, Call it what you will.

:36:30. > :36:32.For many people, it's a common sight at music festivals,

:36:33. > :36:36.house parties and frankly, your local town centre.

:36:37. > :36:40.It's the most commonly used illegal drug in Britain and last in England

:36:41. > :36:44.and Wales alone, over 2 million people admitted taking it,

:36:45. > :36:47.even though being caught using it could land you in prison.

:36:48. > :36:50.But all over the world attitudes to cannabis are changing.

:36:51. > :36:53.These countries have decriminalised the drug,

:36:54. > :36:58.with a small amount of weed, you're not going to jail.

:36:59. > :37:01.Some have gone further and legalised it and if you want to see things

:37:02. > :37:04.changing at the pace, look at North America.

:37:05. > :37:06.In the US, 21 states have decriminalised small amounts

:37:07. > :37:08.of cannabis for personal consumption and eight have gone further,

:37:09. > :37:13.But the place that many are watching is Canada,

:37:14. > :37:17.with the country set to legalise the drug next year.

:37:18. > :37:21.So with all this happening around the world, some

:37:22. > :37:33.in the UK are asking, cannabis, time for a change?

:37:34. > :37:42.He's the chair of the Brighton Cannabis Club and thinks the answer

:37:43. > :37:46.So basically, we're offering a venue that will offer a fully

:37:47. > :37:48.medicated meal to Brighton Cannabis Club members.

:37:49. > :37:50.When you say fully medicated, that means there's load

:37:51. > :37:54.Yes, it's cannabis infused so it will get you high as a consumer.

:37:55. > :37:57.So this meal is all about taking lots of cannabis, basically?

:37:58. > :38:01.Lots of people today, it's a rainy, drizzly day at the seaside,

:38:02. > :38:03.most people just go to the pub at lunchtime.

:38:04. > :38:05.Why not just have a pint like everyone else?

:38:06. > :38:10.For us, we see cannabis as a less harmful alternative to basically

:38:11. > :38:11.smoking tobacco or drinking alcohol, but that

:38:12. > :38:24.What it is is it's a restaurant in Brighton that will allow you 24

:38:25. > :38:27.hours in advance to book in a fully medicated menu if you are

:38:28. > :38:32.Unfortunately, that's just due legality and that's why it's only

:38:33. > :38:36.So in the kitchen here, a couple of chefs have been

:38:37. > :38:38.hard at work all morning, knocking up some food.

:38:39. > :38:41.Just taking a look over there now, it looks pretty

:38:42. > :38:46.And to be honest, it's not the kind of food you expect in a cafe

:38:47. > :38:48.you might get in Amsterdam or somewhere like that.

:38:49. > :38:50.It's not brownies and space cake and anything like this,

:38:51. > :38:54.I've been chatting to the chef whose behind it and he's worked in some

:38:55. > :38:59.And before you get the wrong end of the stick, this is not

:39:00. > :39:01.what they're going to be putting in all of the food.

:39:02. > :39:04.This green stuff here is actually genuinely a dressing for it.

:39:05. > :39:07.The food is going to be infused with an oil that goes

:39:08. > :39:09.through it and that's where the cannabis will be.

:39:10. > :39:13.It will be comfit chicken Goujon is with black garlic

:39:14. > :39:15.and for the main course we'll be having grilled sea

:39:16. > :39:18.bream with purple Afghan and pea arancini.

:39:19. > :39:20.I mean, where in there is the cannabis?

:39:21. > :39:22.Where are we finding cannabis in that one?

:39:23. > :39:25.So, you'll find it find it in the pea arancini.

:39:26. > :39:27.Purple Afghan will be the strain with the pea arancini.

:39:28. > :39:38.Because we're sat here and it's quite a civilised

:39:39. > :39:45.It's quite relaxed atmosphere, but the government would say that

:39:46. > :39:48.what you're doing is illegal and it's illegal because of the harm

:39:49. > :39:52.it can do to you and your friends and wider society.

:39:53. > :39:55.Why do you think you should be doing this?

:39:56. > :39:58.We believe that that information is updated.

:39:59. > :40:02.Their reports and research is outdated.

:40:03. > :40:04.If you take a look at Spain, Portugal, Canada, America, they'll

:40:05. > :40:06.all coming through with progressive forward-thinking policies

:40:07. > :40:09.for finding more of a positive impact and utilising the cannabis

:40:10. > :40:12.culture for the positives it can do for the local community,

:40:13. > :40:15.for the industry, for medical patients, recreational users that

:40:16. > :40:18.just want to have a social experience, but not be

:40:19. > :40:23.It's pretty obvious that you represent Brighton cannabis,

:40:24. > :40:28.So far we have over 400 club members.

:40:29. > :40:32.We have been around for about three or four years now.

:40:33. > :40:35.We have over 40,000 Instagram followers and 6000 Facebook likes

:40:36. > :40:38.and we basically keep growing and we've had one of our outdoor

:40:39. > :40:41.events, green pride, which is grown year and year.

:40:42. > :40:44.Our first year we only had 100 people turn up to it.

:40:45. > :40:47.Our second year 1000, our third year 1500 and about eight

:40:48. > :40:49.different stalls and this year we hit over 3000 people attending

:40:50. > :40:52.and about 25 different schools setting up for the day

:40:53. > :40:57.Leaving Rob and his friends behind in Brighton, I can't help wonder how

:40:58. > :41:05.Surely what they were doing couldn't have happened in the country

:41:06. > :41:12.Somewhere like Sweden, which despite having a reputation

:41:13. > :41:15.for being a liberal country, as some of the strictest drug laws

:41:16. > :41:22.Anneka Stranzl is the minister in charge of drug policy.

:41:23. > :41:24.In Sweden we have very broad political support in both

:41:25. > :41:27.the government and Parliament for our drug-free society.

:41:28. > :41:31.At the heart of Swedish drug policy is this idea that

:41:32. > :41:38.Can you explain why you hold that policies are close?

:41:39. > :41:42.We see a among young people and also a lot studies show that an expensive

:41:43. > :41:48.use of cannabis or regular use of cannabis at early age

:41:49. > :41:54.also affects especially young people's brains.

:41:55. > :41:58.So that's what it is an important part in our drug policy and the way

:41:59. > :42:03.that we work to prevent the start of the gateway that cannabis

:42:04. > :42:10.is for many young people into heavier drugs.

:42:11. > :42:13.Later that evening, I found two friends in a bar who have very

:42:14. > :42:16.different views on cannabis, so I jumped in for a chat.

:42:17. > :42:24.I think it should be as prohibited as with our goal.

:42:25. > :42:28.I don't see the difference between it.

:42:29. > :42:30.Because your off-licences government regulator, aren't they?

:42:31. > :42:33.And that's how you'd like to treat weed.

:42:34. > :42:38.You can have a beer or a glass of wine or anything weird

:42:39. > :42:41.food or wine or beer, but when it comes to

:42:42. > :42:47.And you think they should just be banned and that's the easiest

:42:48. > :42:53.But is that really like the solution to that?

:42:54. > :42:54.It's a generation question, actually.

:42:55. > :42:58.I think a lot of the younger ones, they smoke more.

:42:59. > :43:05.But you wouldn't do it in front of her because you

:43:06. > :43:12.Staying in Europe, but going from one extreme to the other,

:43:13. > :43:17.Here, all drugs are do criminalise, meaning you're not going to be

:43:18. > :43:21.However, you may get sent to a hearing of what's called

:43:22. > :43:26.a dissuasion commission to assess your drug problem.

:43:27. > :43:28.I think it must be this one, so this is definitely

:43:29. > :43:34.Well, they've let us in, so that's a good sign.

:43:35. > :43:37.It's certainly not what you'd expect at a court back in Britain,

:43:38. > :43:39.but maybe we've got the wrong end of the stick.

:43:40. > :43:44.Maybe this isn't a traditional court.

:43:45. > :43:50.It's definitely not the entrance to a court you'd be

:43:51. > :43:57.Users who are caught with small amounts of drugs are referred

:43:58. > :43:59.here and dealt with as medical patients and not criminals.

:44:00. > :44:14.These are the rooms where we have the preliminary interviews

:44:15. > :44:20.This is the room where we are having the hearing now.

:44:21. > :44:24.Ricardo has been given an appointment after being caught

:44:25. > :44:35.He's agreed to let us film his hearing if we don't show his face.

:44:36. > :44:39.Yes, he was caught with a small amount of hashish,

:44:40. > :44:42.Because it's a non-addict, recreational user,

:44:43. > :44:47.we suspend the procedure for three months.

:44:48. > :44:51.And if he's not caught a second time, in that period,

:44:52. > :45:01.After the hearing, I'm keen to have a chat

:45:02. > :45:10.Do you think this process of chatting to a psychologist,

:45:11. > :45:16.a doctor, coming in here, has made it big about your drug.

:45:17. > :45:24.From now on I will stop, I don't need it.

:45:25. > :45:27.The system in Portugal, I think this is the best

:45:28. > :45:29.because it's not for one mistake that a person has to

:45:30. > :45:36.We focused a lot on the law relating to cannabis,

:45:37. > :45:47.When cannabis plants are being bred and grown,

:45:48. > :45:49.they have a substance that goes on to form three other

:45:50. > :45:53.Two are really important when it comes to how the user

:45:54. > :45:57.THC, that's what gets people high, but at increased levels,

:45:58. > :45:59.it's also the thing blamed for mental health issues.

:46:00. > :46:04.It acts as an anti-psychotic and counteracts some

:46:05. > :46:12.Depending on the genetics of the plants, it can

:46:13. > :46:15.either have a high THC, low CBD strain, or CBD can

:46:16. > :46:17.be the main compound, or you can have something

:46:18. > :46:20.There are three main types of cannabis product

:46:21. > :46:24.and the amount of THC in each of them varies massively.

:46:25. > :46:27.Hash, where CBD is generally higher and THC tends to be low.

:46:28. > :46:31.Herbal cannabis, where THC levels are low and CBD is usually low

:46:32. > :46:39.And then there's high potency cannabis, often called skunk,

:46:40. > :46:42.which has high levels of THC and almost no CBD.

:46:43. > :46:46.It's also the most common type of cannabis being sold,

:46:47. > :46:52.making up around 80 to 90% of the market in the UK and some

:46:53. > :46:55.argue that it's this lack of CBD and high THC in skunk that leads

:46:56. > :46:57.to mental health problems, especially in those

:46:58. > :47:01.We wanted to put what we'd found in Sweden and Portugal

:47:02. > :47:03.to the government here, but it wouldn't speak to us.

:47:04. > :47:06.In an e-mail it said it has no plans to legalise cannabis,

:47:07. > :47:08.saying this clear scientific and medical evidence that

:47:09. > :47:10.it's a harmful drug, which can damage people's mental

:47:11. > :47:20.The government wouldn't speak to us in person there,

:47:21. > :47:24.but we are going to speak to someone who will, he's very passionate

:47:25. > :47:28.He's got a very personal reason for being interested in this subject.

:47:29. > :47:31.That looks like a suitably grand house for a lord.

:47:32. > :47:37.He's invited me along to talk about his 21-year-old son who had

:47:38. > :47:41.We noticed that there was something that was becoming strange

:47:42. > :47:51.Anyway, he was diagnosed with drug-induced psychosis.

:47:52. > :47:59.One day in January he said to his mother that he was,

:48:00. > :48:01.that the voices were getting so strong in his head

:48:02. > :48:08.Anyway, two days later he went out in the evening and...

:48:09. > :48:19.Afterwards, I spoke to the doctors, somebody just said in an offhand way

:48:20. > :48:24.that this is yet another, kind of, casualty of skunk.

:48:25. > :48:28.I said, well, isn't that just, sort of, cannabis must have changed,

:48:29. > :48:34.and he said that this was not really cannabis that you might have known,

:48:35. > :48:36.with the greatest respect, sir, when you might have been

:48:37. > :48:42.He said this is completely different stuff.

:48:43. > :48:47.I was actually shocked to discover how strong this

:48:48. > :48:59.And as such it's believed that the way to tackle skunk

:49:00. > :49:05.is to legalise the old-fashioned cannabis so it has the right

:49:06. > :49:13.And it has only a, sort of, level of potency.

:49:14. > :49:16.Lots of people listening to this will find it strange that a drug

:49:17. > :49:21.that you say killed your son, you are now campaigning to legalise.

:49:22. > :49:23.I think that skunk is, it has been labelled

:49:24. > :49:35.Some people will argue that, frankly, your son may have had

:49:36. > :49:38.underlying mental health issues, that's what led to him killing

:49:39. > :49:45.Well, indeed, yes, that has been put to me.

:49:46. > :49:48.I received a whole lot of letters from people who read

:49:49. > :49:58."So sad to read about the loss of your son, Rupert.

:49:59. > :50:00.So many parallels with the death of my son.

:50:01. > :50:04.He also had a history of mental illness.

:50:05. > :50:07.The most part caused by smoking cannabis and skunk."

:50:08. > :50:09.He's had correspondence with the Prime Minister and thinks

:50:10. > :50:15.we will see a change in attitude within the next five years.

:50:16. > :50:17.Since meeting Lord Monson I spoke to the Prime Minister.

:50:18. > :50:21.Unfortunately we weren't allowed to film the conversation.

:50:22. > :50:24.But she told us she stands by her government's new drugs

:50:25. > :50:30.strategy, which, she says, is all about helping people recover.

:50:31. > :50:32.Walking around here and it's not hard to find signs

:50:33. > :50:39.Everywhere you go in this area of east London,

:50:40. > :50:42.to be honest most of the places in the UK, you can see it.

:50:43. > :50:45.And even on a weekday morning you could smell it in the air.

:50:46. > :50:49.We had the same experience in Portugal.

:50:50. > :50:52.Which, on the face of it, has got much more relaxed drug policies.

:50:53. > :50:55.But I keep thinking back to Ricardo who we saw at dissuasion core.

:50:56. > :50:58.He was caught with a few joints going into a music festival and had

:50:59. > :51:00.to go to a half-hour appointment with a psychiatrist,

:51:01. > :51:03.he had to go through that, kind of, court case experience.

:51:04. > :51:05.And I keep thinking, what would have happened to him

:51:06. > :51:10.had he been caught with the same amount of drugs at a festival here?

:51:11. > :51:15.So, it does beg the question, when it comes to, say, weed,

:51:16. > :51:21.do we already have one of the more tolerant approaches in Europe?

:51:22. > :51:25.And at nine o'clock tonight, there will be a special programme

:51:26. > :51:29.by Radio 1's Newsbeat debating the future of Britain's laws

:51:30. > :51:32.Presented by Tina Daheley, it will be shown live

:51:33. > :51:43.on the BBC News Channel as well as on BBC Radio 1.

:51:44. > :51:46.We will be talking more about that later.

:51:47. > :51:48.Coming up, we'll hear the funniest joke at the Edinburgh Fringe

:51:49. > :52:02.If you keep your teeth clean you are less likely to develop Alzheimer's.

:52:03. > :52:06.That is the finding of research in Taiwan which suggests that people

:52:07. > :52:12.with long-term gum disease are 70% more likely to develop dementia.

:52:13. > :52:16.Although the study could not prove that gum disease directly caused

:52:17. > :52:24.Alzheimer's, researchers think proper tooth-brushing should be

:52:25. > :52:28.advised to ward off dementia. We are joined by Doctor Nigel Carter from

:52:29. > :52:36.the oral health foundation and Doctor Norton. This sounds like a

:52:37. > :52:41.pretty dramatic statistic, that having gum disease could increase

:52:42. > :52:46.your risk of getting all slammers? It is an interesting new study that

:52:47. > :52:54.adds to a small but growing number of studies showing the link between

:52:55. > :52:58.chronic gum disease and Alzheimer's. The people in this study had to have

:52:59. > :53:05.periodontitis for more than ten years. It shows the growing link

:53:06. > :53:08.between gum disease, as I say, and inflammation. Inflammation in other

:53:09. > :53:14.parts of the body which we think could be causing problems in the

:53:15. > :53:18.brain. Why might you be there is a link between gum disease and damage

:53:19. > :53:23.to the brain? We don't yet know there is a direct causal link. This

:53:24. > :53:29.research doesn't show that. We can hypothesise. There are some reasons

:53:30. > :53:36.we think this could be happening. Periodontitis is caused by this

:53:37. > :53:40.inflammation in the gums. We think the chemicals produced by the body

:53:41. > :53:43.in response to that infection, they could be finding their way through

:53:44. > :53:48.the circulatory system into the brain. We think potentially some of

:53:49. > :53:51.the bacteria that causes periodontitis in the gums and in the

:53:52. > :53:54.mouth could be finding their way through to the brain. They could be

:53:55. > :53:59.two reasons why there is an increased risk of Alzheimer's

:54:00. > :54:05.disease and other conditions, caused by gum disease. Doctor Carter,

:54:06. > :54:15.should there be a specific warning around gum disease that extends

:54:16. > :54:22.beyond the obvious impact, the other conditions that may be exacerbated

:54:23. > :54:29.by it? Absolutely. We are seeing an increasing body of evidence. This is

:54:30. > :54:34.one of a number of studies around Alzheimer's. But we have also got

:54:35. > :54:43.strong links with diabetes, with coronary heart disease even with

:54:44. > :54:49.adverse pregnancy outcomes. It is looking after your teeth well. It is

:54:50. > :54:54.no longer just about looking after your teeth and making sure you keep

:54:55. > :54:59.your teeth. It is also about having better general health and stopping

:55:00. > :55:08.some of these other conditions. Do we neglect our teeth? Our teeth seen

:55:09. > :55:13.by people as being a key part of their overall health? It is quite

:55:14. > :55:18.interesting. When the oral health foundation was formed 45 years ago,

:55:19. > :55:22.more than one in three of the population had no teeth at all. We

:55:23. > :55:30.have come a long way in a very short time. People would be early middle

:55:31. > :55:35.age would be horrified if you said they would only have their teeth for

:55:36. > :55:41.another five years. But as a result of that, we haven't necessarily kept

:55:42. > :55:45.the best oral care routines. We know, for example, that the

:55:46. > :55:51.recommendation from dentists is to clean your teeth twice a day, last

:55:52. > :55:55.thing at night and one other occasion for at least two minutes.

:55:56. > :55:59.The majority of people clean for about 45 seconds. We're not doing a

:56:00. > :56:05.good enough job. When it comes to traditionally flossing, cleaning in

:56:06. > :56:12.between the teeth, which is where those gum disease and periodontal

:56:13. > :56:19.disease decays start, we really are very poor. Five to 10% of us do that

:56:20. > :56:23.on a regular basis. That is something we should add into a

:56:24. > :56:29.routine. Matthew, the headline statistics being 70% more likely to

:56:30. > :56:34.develop Alzheimer's if you have gum disease is a stark one. But when you

:56:35. > :56:40.look at the figures, just one in 100 people with gum disease did go on to

:56:41. > :56:42.develop dementia in this study. Nonetheless, in which focused you

:56:43. > :56:49.think there should be around oral health gum disease when it comes to

:56:50. > :56:53.talking about preventing Alzheimer's? And also, trying to

:56:54. > :57:00.make sure it doesn't get worse? It is also linked with cases of

:57:01. > :57:06.dementia worsening. Indeed. You make a good point about the exacerbation

:57:07. > :57:11.of conditions of dementia. -- symptoms. Often it is difficult to

:57:12. > :57:18.communicate and identify the problem that may be causing the problem. In

:57:19. > :57:22.terms of where we go, we need to do more research, we need to really

:57:23. > :57:27.understand the causal links between the mechanisms of action that are

:57:28. > :57:33.relating gum disease to dementia. But I think it is clear, and it is

:57:34. > :57:36.clear from your expert on this morning, that good oral hygiene is a

:57:37. > :57:41.very important concept and something we should all be adhering to. And I

:57:42. > :57:44.think it is safe to say that it will do no harm and probably do some

:57:45. > :57:47.benefit in terms of potentially reducing your risk of dementia.

:57:48. > :57:52.There are a number of other things we can do. What is good for the

:57:53. > :57:56.heart is good for the brain. We know that all of the healthy lifestyle

:57:57. > :58:02.choices we should be making around good cardiovascular health can also

:58:03. > :58:04.be very beneficial for brain health. We can add oral hygiene to that as

:58:05. > :58:06.well. Thank you very much. A joke about the new pound coin has

:58:07. > :58:10.been named the funniest The joke, from his show

:58:11. > :58:13.Ken Cheng: Chinese Comedian, won 33% of a public vote on a short

:58:14. > :58:16.list of gags picked We're joined from our Edinburgh

:58:17. > :58:43.studio by Ken Cheng now. How do people normally react to

:58:44. > :58:47.that? They usually grown. It gets a lot overgrowns. It has won you the

:58:48. > :58:52.title at the Edinburgh fringe. What did you think when you got that? Did

:58:53. > :58:55.you expect it would be of the calibre to win such an impressive

:58:56. > :58:59.title? No. I was very shocked. I didn't

:59:00. > :59:10.even know it was being considered that much. Did you put yourself up

:59:11. > :59:17.for it? Did you have to campaign? No. I think someone saw my show and

:59:18. > :59:23.put it through. Journalists put together the list. How did you come

:59:24. > :59:28.up with the joke? I think it came to me. I don't think there was any

:59:29. > :59:35.process. Am I right in thinking that you came up with it some time ago?

:59:36. > :59:39.Yes, I came up with it when it was first announced there would be a new

:59:40. > :59:44.pound coin. It is nice I can bring it back nowadays in circulation.

:59:45. > :59:50.That was in 2014. How many times have you told that joke? I didn't

:59:51. > :00:02.actually tell it on back then. I only introduced it in this show.

:00:03. > :00:10.I expect you'll tell it more times than this? Yes. And have you got any

:00:11. > :00:15.other jokes you would like to tell us? Yes, a knock, knock joke, do you

:00:16. > :00:24.want to hear it? Yes. Knock, knock. Who is there? Auntie. Auntie who? I

:00:25. > :00:28.should point out that at this stage my auntie's name is Auntie Hoo. Any

:00:29. > :00:32.others? I was in a shop thinking about stealing a magazine but in the

:00:33. > :00:36.end I couldn't take the Heat. Excellent. Well you have got a good

:00:37. > :00:38.career ahead of you, I'm sure. Congratulations on taking the title.

:00:39. > :00:53.Thank you. Thank you for joining us. Great to

:00:54. > :00:57.talk to you. Thank you. Now the weather with Simon King.

:00:58. > :01:03.Lots of cloud around this morning. It's been a murky start for many.

:01:04. > :01:10.But very mild and muggy out there. This is the scene in Devon. Some of

:01:11. > :01:15.us have had some sunshine. With that, some fabulous cloud actually

:01:16. > :01:20.high up in the atmosphere. Look at that in Cornwall, fascinating cloud

:01:21. > :01:30.that. Looks like waves on the ocean in the atmosphere. This is the warm

:01:31. > :01:34.sector in-between two weather fronts giving the muggy conditions and the

:01:35. > :01:46.tropical air -- given the muggy conditions.

:01:47. > :01:51.Scotland and Northern Ireland, lots of cloud in those areas. Heavy rain

:01:52. > :01:54.into Northern Ireland. One or two showers dotted around across North

:01:55. > :01:58.Wales into northern England but really for most of England and

:01:59. > :02:03.Wales, the clouds will thin and break and there'll be warm sunny

:02:04. > :02:10.spells, in fact feeling very warm in places. Temperatures could reach 26

:02:11. > :02:13.or 27. This evening, this heavy rain and showers will continue to move

:02:14. > :02:18.further north and east into Scotland. Then gradually the warm

:02:19. > :02:23.and humid air will slowly push towards the east by this cold front.

:02:24. > :02:27.Behind it, fresher air coming in from the Atlantic. So during

:02:28. > :02:32.Wednesday, things turning a little more fresh towards the west and with

:02:33. > :02:36.that, some heavy rain and showers in Scotland, northern parts of England.

:02:37. > :02:44.Those will tend to drift away and there'll be sunny spells in the west

:02:45. > :02:50.with showers coming in. Towards the east, still quite warm with highs of

:02:51. > :02:53.about 24 or even 25. Going through witnesses night into Thursday, that

:02:54. > :02:59.cold front continues to push away and then we've opened up the door to

:03:00. > :03:03.more Atlantic weather systems coming into Thursday. We'll see more

:03:04. > :03:06.unsettled weather through Thursday, heavy showers across Scotland and

:03:07. > :03:10.Northern Ireland. One or two across parts of northern England. For many

:03:11. > :03:15.parts, Thursday is going to be a dry day with sunny spells. By Friday, I

:03:16. > :03:19.think again it's northern parts that will probably see more showers

:03:20. > :03:23.further south and drier and brighter. Going into the Bank

:03:24. > :03:26.Holiday weekend, there are some uncertainties in the forecast. If

:03:27. > :03:28.you have anything plans, the message is to stay tuned to the forecast.

:03:29. > :03:31.Bye. Hello it's Tuesday, it's 10 o'clock,

:03:32. > :03:34.I'm Joanna Gosling. In a change of heart,

:03:35. > :03:37.President Trump says he will send more troops to Afghanistan to help

:03:38. > :03:39.fight the Taliban. He warned that a hasty US withdrawal

:03:40. > :03:53.would leave a vacuum He doesn't want to create a horrible

:03:54. > :03:56.situation like we saw President Obama do in his wick withdrawal of

:03:57. > :04:05.troops from Iraq therefore creating the terrorist issues that we are

:04:06. > :04:09.having in many countries today. The struggle against terrorist groups is

:04:10. > :04:13.not just going to be one of militarily, it's going to be

:04:14. > :04:15.psychological and ideaology issues. In the next few minutes,

:04:16. > :04:17.those involved with military and charity operations

:04:18. > :04:19.in Afghanistan will be talking about what sort of impact

:04:20. > :04:22.the President's plans might have Here, possession of cannabis can get

:04:23. > :04:26.you five years in prison but despite this two million people

:04:27. > :04:29.still took it last year. We've been to two European

:04:30. > :04:33.countries with very different The system in Portugal is the best

:04:34. > :04:42.because it's not for one mistake And we'll be speaking to people

:04:43. > :04:49.on both sides of the legalisation debate later about whether UK drug

:04:50. > :05:01.laws go too far, or not far enough. The NHS fat-busting scheme that will

:05:02. > :05:04.see ten towns offering people discounts on their family shop and

:05:05. > :05:07.cinema tickets so long as they exercise. We'll speak to one of the

:05:08. > :05:12.healthy town directors. Good morning, here's

:05:13. > :05:14.Matthew in the BBC Newsroom President Trump says the US

:05:15. > :05:21.will "fight to win" in Afghanistan. He's unveiled a new strategy

:05:22. > :05:24.in the war against the Taliban. In a major speech last night he said

:05:25. > :05:28.that he had changed his mind about withdrawing troops

:05:29. > :05:30.from the country. He also said NATO allies must do

:05:31. > :05:33.more, he lifted the cap on the number of US troops

:05:34. > :05:50.in Afghanistan and said there was no Our troops will fight to win. We

:05:51. > :05:57.will fight to win. From now on, victory will have a clear definition

:05:58. > :06:01.- attacking our enemies, obliterating Isis, crushing

:06:02. > :06:05.Al-Qaeda, preventing the Taliban from taking over Afghanistan and

:06:06. > :06:07.stopping mass terror attacks against America before they emerge.

:06:08. > :06:10.At least two people have died; 25 others have been injured

:06:11. > :06:13.after an earthquake on the Italian island of Ischia; it's just off

:06:14. > :06:19.TV pictures show a church and other buildings have collapsed.

:06:20. > :06:23.The fire brigade has released footage of a baby

:06:24. > :06:29.Four men accused of being part of a terror cell which killed 15

:06:30. > :06:32.people in Spain last week are due to appear in court

:06:33. > :06:37.They arrived at a jail just outside the city last night.

:06:38. > :06:40.Earlier police in Catalonia said they'd shot dead the suspected

:06:41. > :06:43.driver of a van which ploughed into pedestrians in

:06:44. > :06:49.Younes Abouyaaqoub was found hiding in a vineyard 30

:06:50. > :06:55.Scrap your car; get some cash back on a new less polluting vehicle.

:06:56. > :06:59.The carmaker, Ford is the latest company to offer

:07:00. > :07:05.The scrappage scheme offers drivers ?2000 off a new Ford; if they trade

:07:06. > :07:10.in a petrol or diesel car or van that's over 7 years old.

:07:11. > :07:25.The scheme will run until the end of the year.

:07:26. > :07:30.An investigation has begun after British Transport Police say an

:07:31. > :07:33.assault happened on a Great Western Railway service between Newquay and

:07:34. > :07:39.Plymouth on Saturday 12st August when a girl was assaulted between 8.

:07:40. > :07:42.45 and 9 in the evening when she was sexually assaulted twice by two

:07:43. > :07:45.different people. She was on her way home from a festival. Police would

:07:46. > :07:57.like to talk to anybody who saw anything. A Danish inventor has been

:07:58. > :08:07.charged with killing a journalist in his submarine. He orangelily told

:08:08. > :08:12.police he left the journalist alone on an island, then he said she went

:08:13. > :08:15.missing. Millions of people turned out to see

:08:16. > :08:18.the first total solar eclipse to sweep coast to coast

:08:19. > :08:20.across America in 99 years. The moon passed in front of the Sun

:08:21. > :08:24.casting a deep shadow It began on the west coast

:08:25. > :08:29.above Oregon; it took about 90 minutes to cross 13 states,

:08:30. > :08:32.ending in South Carolina. That's a summary of the latest BBC

:08:33. > :08:42.News, more at 10.30. Do get in touch with us

:08:43. > :08:44.throughout the morning, use the hashtag Victoria live

:08:45. > :09:03.and If you text, you will be charged Now let us join Hugh for a sports

:09:04. > :09:06.update. Hi there. Wayne Rooney has become only the

:09:07. > :09:09.second player to score 200 Premier League goals, it came at ever

:09:10. > :09:16.tonne's 1-1 draw at Manchester City last night and against the same

:09:17. > :09:19.opponents as his 50th and 150th, claiming afterwards the red sides of

:09:20. > :09:24.Manchester would have enjoyed it. City were down to ten men after Carl

:09:25. > :09:28.Walker was sent off before Raheem stirling equalised for the home

:09:29. > :09:33.side. I'm not surprised about his performance, I know the player, I

:09:34. > :09:37.know how he wants to come back to Everton and he showed the quality on

:09:38. > :09:41.the ball and the productivity of the player that he showed tonight,

:09:42. > :09:51.again, and we are really happy that he's back. He is still 60 behind the

:09:52. > :09:54.record-holder, Alan Shearer. Congratulations, Wayne, on reaching

:09:55. > :09:58.200 Premier League goals, a great achievement. Where have you been,

:09:59. > :10:02.man, the 200 club's been a lonely place over the last few years. Well

:10:03. > :10:13.done, I'm sure you have a few more left in you! Aloko says she was

:10:14. > :10:19.subjected to bullying by her coach Mark Sampson, after he made

:10:20. > :10:25.prejudicial and bullying remarks. He's been cleared by an FA

:10:26. > :10:30.investigation. He asked who is coming to watch the game for you. I

:10:31. > :10:36.said, I have family coming in from Nigeria, I have family flying in.

:10:37. > :10:41.And he said "make sure they don't come over with ebola".

:10:42. > :10:45.When that was said, did you challenge him at the time? Did you

:10:46. > :10:53.say that is unacceptable? No. I laughed. I laughed because, I mean,

:10:54. > :11:00.I was in shock, I didn't know... I didn't know, you know, I didn't know

:11:01. > :11:05.what to say. The FA says the ebola allegations were not investigated

:11:06. > :11:11.because Aluko did not include them in her formal complaint. She

:11:12. > :11:17.received an ?80,000 settlement. The review concluded she'd not been

:11:18. > :11:20.singled out. England's women are preprayering for

:11:21. > :11:25.the Rugby World Cup semi-final against France this evening. Lydia

:11:26. > :11:30.Thompson will start on the wing after recovering from a knee injury.

:11:31. > :11:36.The squad has been rotated heavily up to now but he's now named the

:11:37. > :11:42.strongest side for what has been the toughest or what will be the

:11:43. > :11:45.toughest test so far. This is about putting the best 23 out that you

:11:46. > :11:49.feel are right for the job and if you feel it's the right 23 for the

:11:50. > :11:53.next one, then you will put them out again, if you don't we'll make

:11:54. > :11:56.changes, simple as that. We don't even need to think about the next

:11:57. > :12:03.game until we get this one out of the way. This is huge. Chris

:12:04. > :12:10.Froome's taken the leader's red jersey. He finished third to take

:12:11. > :12:22.the second overall lead. Britain is aiming to become -- Victoria

:12:23. > :12:26.Azarenka's pulled out of her tournament. She returned in June

:12:27. > :12:30.after the birth of her son and reached the fourth round of

:12:31. > :12:34.Wimbledon but hasn't played since. She says she can't travel away to

:12:35. > :12:39.leave her son at home in California. She separated from her baby's father

:12:40. > :12:43.last month. Headlines at just after 10. 30. That's all for now.

:12:44. > :12:46.President Donald Trump has announced plans for US Troops in Afghanistan.

:12:47. > :12:49.The present war in Afghanistan started in 2001 in the aftermath

:12:50. > :12:52.of the September the 11th attacks on the World Trade

:12:53. > :12:59.At its height there were armed forces from around 40 countries

:13:00. > :13:02.fighting Islamist groups Al-Qaeda and the Taliban.

:13:03. > :13:05.President Obama withdrew most American troops

:13:06. > :13:09.Only just over 8000 US troops remain, supported

:13:10. > :13:11.by 5000 troops from NATO, working to train the Afghan

:13:12. > :13:19.security services and to run counter-terrorism operations.

:13:20. > :13:29.Terrorists are nothing but thugs and criminals and predators and that's

:13:30. > :13:34.right, losers. Working alongside our allies, we'll break their will, dry

:13:35. > :13:39.out their equipment, keep them from crossing our borders and yes, we

:13:40. > :13:45.will defeat them and we will defeat them handily. In Afghanistan and

:13:46. > :13:50.Pakistan, America's interests are clear - we must stop the resurgence

:13:51. > :13:55.of safe havens that enable terrorists to threaten America and

:13:56. > :14:00.we must prevent nuclear weapons and materials from coming into the hands

:14:01. > :14:06.of terrorists and being used against us or anywhere in the world for that

:14:07. > :14:16.matter. We are not nation-building again. We are killing terrorists.

:14:17. > :14:24.What a difference from a few years ago. Afghanistan is a total and

:14:25. > :14:29.complete disaster. What are we doing? Money should be spent in our

:14:30. > :14:34.country. We should rebuild our country. Let's get with it.

:14:35. > :14:39.Get out of Afghanistan. My original instinct was to pull out. And

:14:40. > :14:45.historically, I like the following my instincts. But all my life I have

:14:46. > :14:52.heard that decisions are much different when you sit behind the

:14:53. > :14:54.desk in the Oval Office. In other words, when you are a president of

:14:55. > :14:54.the United States. Let's talk to Colonel Richard Kemp,

:14:55. > :14:58.the former head of British forces in Afghanistan,

:14:59. > :15:03.Jawed Nader, who is from Afghanistan and runs the British

:15:04. > :15:05.and Irish Agencies Afghanistan Group and Dr Sarah Fane, who runs

:15:06. > :15:08.the charity Afghan Connection which has done lots of work

:15:09. > :15:12.promoting sport and education in the country and Will Griffin,

:15:13. > :15:14.who served as a paratrooper in Afghanistan and Iraq

:15:15. > :15:26.for the US Army. And Carling Cross, whose son was

:15:27. > :15:33.killed in Afghanistan in 2003. Welcome all of you. Carleen, one of

:15:34. > :15:39.the three main reasons that Donald Trump David Ferrer sending more

:15:40. > :15:47.troops in was to honour US soldiers who have died. What is your view? I

:15:48. > :15:53.would just encourage our military leaders to choose these campaigns

:15:54. > :15:59.very wisely. And to make sure they are worth the sacrifice of our most

:16:00. > :16:04.precious resource. Our young men and women in arms. How do you feel about

:16:05. > :16:10.the thought of more American soldiers going in? It is such a

:16:11. > :16:16.complicated issue because I understand that he can't Just Paul

:16:17. > :16:22.out of Afghanistan. And it's not just Afghanistan, it's that entire

:16:23. > :16:27.region that is very important. But it also makes me nervous as well. I

:16:28. > :16:32.understand the heartache and the sadness of losing a child. And I

:16:33. > :16:41.just would encourage them to really be wise about an escalation. And if

:16:42. > :16:46.we are going to escalate the number of soldiers, we have to back that up

:16:47. > :16:50.with programmes when they come home to help them reintegrate back into

:16:51. > :16:58.society. I think our commitment should span not only going into a

:16:59. > :17:04.country, but also supporting our military when their home. Will

:17:05. > :17:11.Griffin what are your thoughts on that? You served in the US Army as a

:17:12. > :17:15.paratrooper until 2010. Yeah, first of all if there are any people in

:17:16. > :17:19.Afghanistan watching this, I apologise for me occupying your

:17:20. > :17:26.country and for what my country is doing to yours. And I want this to

:17:27. > :17:30.end. This is madness. 16 years. I don't know how we can't make the

:17:31. > :17:35.connection that the military being in the country is actually fuelling

:17:36. > :17:40.the terrorism. It is fuelling the conflict. We need to really address

:17:41. > :17:44.this issue. I really want the US military to pull out as soon as

:17:45. > :17:50.possible. If we need any Matchroom metric of how we have been losing

:17:51. > :17:55.this war, in 2001 when the US went in there was one terrorist group.

:17:56. > :18:01.Now there are 20. More veterans have committed suicide since 2001. More

:18:02. > :18:05.civilians have died in this war. I don't know how else we can gauge

:18:06. > :18:11.this metric. We need to admit defeat and actually really strive for a

:18:12. > :18:18.true peace by trying to get the local villagers and provinces to

:18:19. > :18:23.talk, and not drunk striking civilians on the ground. Colonel

:18:24. > :18:29.Richard Kemp, how do you respond to the claim that the military are

:18:30. > :18:33.making the conflict worse? Well, we could pull out, and that was one of

:18:34. > :18:38.President Trump's options, to completely withdraw US forces from

:18:39. > :18:41.Afghanistan, which would have left the country to the mercy of the

:18:42. > :18:48.Taliban that would quickly engulf it and it would become as it was

:18:49. > :18:53.before, from which attacks could be carried out against other places in

:18:54. > :18:58.the world. Resonant trompe's decision to reinvigorate the

:18:59. > :19:05.operation in Afghanistan is the right one. -- President Trump.

:19:06. > :19:09.Pakistan has been fighting on the wrong side for 15 years in

:19:10. > :19:12.Afghanistan. They have been supporting the Taliban. They have

:19:13. > :19:17.been supporting other extremist groups. And we have been paying them

:19:18. > :19:20.to do so. That has to end. The second thing he said which is

:19:21. > :19:23.important is that he is going to focus not on nation-building but I'm

:19:24. > :19:31.killing terrorists. We were distracted too many years by some

:19:32. > :19:34.incredible idea of trying to turn Afghanistan into a Western European

:19:35. > :19:41.country, rather than focusing on killing the enemy. In addition to

:19:42. > :19:45.that, a key area is to help to build and develop the Afghan National

:19:46. > :19:49.Security forces. So eventually they can take on the struggle. It will

:19:50. > :19:55.not end overnight. It will be a long-term war. In terms of

:19:56. > :20:01.reinvigorating a military operation to bring security and to stop it

:20:02. > :20:06.being a haven for terrorists, 8000 troops currently there, potentially

:20:07. > :20:10.up to 4000 extra from the US. That compares with 150,000 troops at the

:20:11. > :20:16.height of the Allied forces being there. Realistically, what can those

:20:17. > :20:22.small numbers achieve that will be any different to what has been

:20:23. > :20:26.happening? I think President Trump has not placed a figure on the

:20:27. > :20:30.number of troops he is prepared to send, nor rightly has he set a time

:20:31. > :20:35.frame. That is one of the failings of President Obama's strategy, to

:20:36. > :20:42.capture the number of troops and set a time frame. President Trump

:20:43. > :20:48.doesn't appear to be falling into that trap at this stage. I think the

:20:49. > :20:51.general in charge of Afghanistan, the president has indicated he

:20:52. > :20:55.believes he has enough war fighting troops to deal with what he needs to

:20:56. > :21:00.deal with out there. What he is after is more forces to help advise

:21:01. > :21:06.and train the Afghan National Security forces to work alongside

:21:07. > :21:11.them, Dell direct air strikes etc. And if they are targeted properly,

:21:12. > :21:15.and if the mission is to destroy the enemy rather than build of the

:21:16. > :21:19.country, I think there are a relatively small number of troops

:21:20. > :21:24.who have a chance of succeeding rather than those holding onto

:21:25. > :21:29.ground and trying to develop and build up grounds and villages. That

:21:30. > :21:37.was a mistake and strategy. Sorry to interrupt. I want to bring in our

:21:38. > :21:42.guest in the studio. The balance being talked about is military fight

:21:43. > :21:47.versus building up the country. You both work with charities in

:21:48. > :21:50.Afghanistan. How do you see it? First of all, since 2001 there have

:21:51. > :21:54.been enormous amounts of progress made and people should know that. We

:21:55. > :21:59.often see the bad headlines about Afghanistan. There are now 6 million

:22:00. > :22:01.more people in school. There is infrastructure, there are

:22:02. > :22:06.communications and there is a free press. If we simply add to the

:22:07. > :22:11.military, which I'm not saying it's a bad idea, it will not create a new

:22:12. > :22:15.society. We need to support what is in place. We have fantastic young

:22:16. > :22:18.people in Afghanistan who want a positive future. We need to help

:22:19. > :22:23.them with education, jobs and economic support. Alongside the

:22:24. > :22:29.military support, that will give horse a real chance of a more

:22:30. > :22:37.successful Afghanistan. Nobody would deny nation-building is a good

:22:38. > :22:42.thing. Whether Trump is looking at it from the military perspective of

:22:43. > :22:46.trying to target terrorism, the number of terrorist groups in the

:22:47. > :22:49.country has increased, what is that nation-building done to win hearts

:22:50. > :22:56.and minds and make the world a safer place? I think nation-building has

:22:57. > :23:04.been successful. There has been development and humanitarian work. A

:23:05. > :23:06.lot of Afghans will have great sides of relief that the United States and

:23:07. > :23:14.the International committee does not abandon Afghanistan. The

:23:15. > :23:20.international military presence stops civil war in Afghanistan. Do

:23:21. > :23:23.you think if the troops withdrew, there would have been a different

:23:24. > :23:28.outcome? It would have been catastrophic. What is absent from

:23:29. > :23:32.the military strategy is what happens after military strategy has

:23:33. > :23:40.accomplished its goals. What happens after Afghanistan has got rid of

:23:41. > :23:42.Taliban and other extremist groups. For that, development problems on

:23:43. > :23:50.education and health and infrastructure is really important.

:23:51. > :23:53.Back to you, Richard Kemp, as you pointed out, President Trump has not

:23:54. > :24:00.put specific figures. The Pentagon has the go-ahead to send an extra

:24:01. > :24:06.4000 troops. Potentially more could go in the end. There is also no

:24:07. > :24:11.final timeline. As a military person, what would you say the

:24:12. > :24:21.answers to those undefined areas should be? I think the president is

:24:22. > :24:27.quite right in not specifying military figures. And also, in not

:24:28. > :24:31.giving a timeline and did not setting out a strategy in detail.

:24:32. > :24:37.This was something President Obama did. It gives the enemy information

:24:38. > :24:41.that we don't want them to have. It enables them to say, they are going

:24:42. > :24:44.to pull out in five years, if we can work to that time frame, or we can

:24:45. > :24:49.strike then. That is what they can do with that information. It is

:24:50. > :24:53.right not to give those figures. I do think the key really is Pakistan.

:24:54. > :24:59.Pakistan has given a safe haven for Taliban, Al-Qaeda, Islamic State,

:25:00. > :25:03.striking into Afghanistan. They have not only given them the safe haven,

:25:04. > :25:10.they have provided material support, including helicopter lifts and that

:25:11. > :25:15.sort of thing. That has to stop. The diplomats and politicians must make

:25:16. > :25:19.a very concerted effort in turning Pakistan around. That will not be

:25:20. > :25:25.easy. Pakistan has a specific interest themselves in their view of

:25:26. > :25:27.maintaining instability in Afghanistan, and controlling

:25:28. > :25:31.organisations like the Taliban, which they have been doing. That is

:25:32. > :25:35.probably the greatest challenge we could have. If we don't achieve

:25:36. > :25:40.that, internationally, I don't see how we can possibly defeat the

:25:41. > :25:45.Taliban in Afghanistan. No matter how many forces we put in. Sarah,

:25:46. > :25:49.you said you were not opposed to the military side things. What do you

:25:50. > :25:54.think would be the best strategy going forward to improve the lives

:25:55. > :25:57.of Afghans and make the world safer? We have to invest in our young

:25:58. > :26:03.people. They are determined, they are resilient. They want to be the

:26:04. > :26:05.future of Afghanistan. They want to dictate their future. Any strategy

:26:06. > :26:13.must include development and support for those young people. And what is

:26:14. > :26:18.to stop them being vulnerable to militants who sort of offer the

:26:19. > :26:22.assistance that has been offered previously, where the militants have

:26:23. > :26:26.stepped in and offered communities these are -- support they have

:26:27. > :26:31.needed? That is exactly my point. I have seen areas in Afghanistan that

:26:32. > :26:37.are so poverty stricken, they have no water, no schools, no hope. If we

:26:38. > :26:39.don't support those communities, that is what will happen.

:26:40. > :26:45.That is why development is so important. Really good to speak to

:26:46. > :26:47.you all. Thank you for your views. Coming up, the NHS fat Foster -- fat

:26:48. > :26:52.busting scheme that Weed, skunk, cannabis

:26:53. > :27:04.call it what you will. It's the most commonly used illegal

:27:05. > :27:06.drug in Britain even though being caught with it could land

:27:07. > :27:08.you in prison. The Liberal Democrats new leader,

:27:09. > :27:11.Vince Cable says he continues to support the legalisation

:27:12. > :27:15.of the drug. His comments come as a series

:27:16. > :27:17.of politicians from across the political spectrum tell us it's

:27:18. > :27:20.time for laws relating Newsbeat's Politics Editor,

:27:21. > :27:34.Jim Connolly is with me. it is talked about so much and yet

:27:35. > :27:36.nothing changes. You have been looking at how it works in other

:27:37. > :27:42.countries. What have you been looking at? We have looked at how it

:27:43. > :27:45.works in two other extreme countries. We have looked that the

:27:46. > :27:49.political reality in the UK. There is a growing campaign around the

:27:50. > :27:53.world to see lots of countries moving decriminalisation. We have

:27:54. > :27:57.gone to the new Liberal Democrat leader and asked him specifically,

:27:58. > :28:03.are you going to stick with your policy, which was to legalise the

:28:04. > :28:06.drug? Insiders in the party, everybody working within the Liberal

:28:07. > :28:10.Democrats, says to us, this was not a popular policy on the doorstep

:28:11. > :28:14.when we were campaigning, but the reality is, we stick by this because

:28:15. > :28:18.we think it is a better way regulating the market. The political

:28:19. > :28:21.reality is the government have no intention whatsoever of changing the

:28:22. > :28:30.law on cannabis. They say it remains a class B drug. It is harmful to

:28:31. > :28:33.users. You have looked at elsewhere. What is the evidence of what is

:28:34. > :28:39.happening in other countries? What you have got in other countries is

:28:40. > :28:42.you have got countries... Let's look at North America. You have got eight

:28:43. > :28:48.states legalising the drug. You have got more than half of states

:28:49. > :28:51.decriminalising for medical use. What you have got there is a

:28:52. > :28:56.movement towards a more liberalised approach in Western country. Next

:28:57. > :29:00.year you will have Canada going in a similar direction. And they are

:29:01. > :29:04.going to legalise across the whole country. Uruguay have done the same.

:29:05. > :29:09.Decriminalisation movement across Europe. In the UK we have seen a

:29:10. > :29:13.rise in so-called cannabis social clubs. Six years ago, there were

:29:14. > :29:18.none in this country. Now there are more than 100. They are based on a

:29:19. > :29:20.Spanish model where users get together and by getting together

:29:21. > :29:26.they feel safer from prosecution. They are also campaigning, dealing

:29:27. > :29:34.within each other, to each other. It is a regulated market. We have been

:29:35. > :29:37.out with Rob from Brighton cannabis. You represent Brighton cannabis. It

:29:38. > :29:43.is all over your T-shirt. How popular is the club? So far we have

:29:44. > :29:49.more than 400 club members. We have been around for three or four years.

:29:50. > :29:53.We have 6000 Facebook likes. We basically keep growing. At one other

:29:54. > :29:59.outdoor events, we have grown year-on-year. The first year we had

:30:00. > :30:06.one other people. By the third year, 1500. This year we hit over 3000

:30:07. > :30:13.people. 25 stalls selling up for the day.

:30:14. > :30:18.You've also been looking at what is out there on the streets. Skunk -

:30:19. > :30:25.you said about the different terms that have been used. Is it skunk

:30:26. > :30:28.that is being used? Yes, skunk is a controversial term because actually

:30:29. > :30:33.it refers to specific strains of cannabis. What we use the term

:30:34. > :30:38.skunk, the media particularly, the tabloids especially is this killer

:30:39. > :30:41.deadly skunk. What they're referring to there is hypotency cannabis. What

:30:42. > :30:45.you have got to look at is what is in cannabis. It's got two main

:30:46. > :30:50.substances that affect the user when they take it. THC, that is what

:30:51. > :30:54.makes people frankly high, but it's also the thing linked to mental

:30:55. > :31:03.health problems when it's in high quantities in the drug. The other

:31:04. > :31:10.thing there is in cannabis is CBD which acts as an antipsychotic and

:31:11. > :31:19.the they ary is that it balances out the issues that the THC bring to it.

:31:20. > :31:24.80% of cannabis bought amongst dealers on the street, it's the

:31:25. > :31:28.hypotency called skunk and is linked to mental health problems with

:31:29. > :31:34.people in susceptibility, or at least that is the claims. Lord

:31:35. > :31:39.Munson, we spoke to him, his son killed himself, he had mental health

:31:40. > :31:43.problems after smoking lots of this hypotency stuff. He says it's the

:31:44. > :31:46.skunk that is the problem and he wants it banned. Lots of people

:31:47. > :31:49.listening to this will find it strange that a drug you say killed

:31:50. > :31:56.your son, you are now campaigning to legalise? I think that skunk has

:31:57. > :32:06.been labelled as cannabis but it's not really, it's a Frankenstein

:32:07. > :32:15.variant. That is Lord Munson who lost his son.

:32:16. > :32:17.Let's get a bit of a wider perspective on this.

:32:18. > :32:19.We're joined from our Bristol newsroom by David Raynes.

:32:20. > :32:22.He is opposed to be the decriminalization of cannabis -

:32:23. > :32:24.he's from the National Drug Prevention Alliance.

:32:25. > :32:26.And joining us via videophone from Malaga in Spain

:32:27. > :32:28.is Ian Hamilton, a lecturer in mental health at York University,

:32:29. > :32:30.who has done research into the mental health risks

:32:31. > :32:40.Let us pick up on the point that cannabis has hypotency when it's

:32:41. > :32:45.sold on the streets. Are people aware that it's such hypotency and,

:32:46. > :32:49.what are the links to mental health issues? I think the problem is for

:32:50. > :32:52.many people who won't be aware of the potency of the cannabis they are

:32:53. > :32:58.using until they actually are exposed to it. That is a real

:32:59. > :33:03.problem. I agree that regulation would in some ways help to resolve

:33:04. > :33:05.that because, in the same way we do with alcohol and tobacco, there

:33:06. > :33:13.would be a clearer idea of the quality and strength of the product

:33:14. > :33:19.that people were using. So when you say regulation, that would be part

:33:20. > :33:24.of legalisation? Yes, that is right. There's many forms that can take.

:33:25. > :33:29.It's not a kind of straightforward an-off switch with regulation. There

:33:30. > :33:34.are different systems and different ways that can be done, it doesn't

:33:35. > :33:37.have to be a complete free-for-all, there are different options we could

:33:38. > :33:41.look at. What do you think about the prospects of legalisation, David

:33:42. > :33:46.Raines? It's not going to happen in the UK. It's absolutely clear it's

:33:47. > :33:51.not going to happen. About 19 months ago, we had a Parliamentary

:33:52. > :33:55.discussion debate only about 14 MPs turned up, of them at least four to

:33:56. > :34:03.my knowledge were against it. Complete lack of interest after a

:34:04. > :34:08.public campaign. Sorry, but can minds be closed when you look at

:34:09. > :34:12.what is going on in other countries, specifically Jim's report looked at

:34:13. > :34:19.the model in Portugal and Sweden, the model in Sweden is a sort of

:34:20. > :34:24.punitive absolute strongly policed ban, whereas in Portugal it's about

:34:25. > :34:27.decriminalising and we saw in Jim's report earlier someone in Portugal

:34:28. > :34:32.caught at a festival with a snail amount of cannabis was taken through

:34:33. > :34:37.a court-style process and give an psychiatric appointment for half an

:34:38. > :34:44.hour. You look then at the number of drugs related deaths in Portugal

:34:45. > :34:49.compared to Sweden and there's a huge difference, a million people in

:34:50. > :34:56.Portugal dying as a result of taking drugs versus nearly 80 in Sweden.

:34:57. > :34:59.Yes. So why doesn't that get looked at, why are you sure politicians

:35:00. > :35:05.will dismiss that and stick with the status quo? You have mixed up

:35:06. > :35:09.various things, not many people die from taking cannabis, although a few

:35:10. > :35:13.do, and that is underreported. The UK is probably a half way house

:35:14. > :35:17.between Portugal and Sweden. I've been to Portugal three times and

:35:18. > :35:21.discussed their drugs laws with their Parliamentarians. Portugal is

:35:22. > :35:25.sort of decriminalises for possession up to ten days' supply.

:35:26. > :35:29.In the UK, the argument that people go to prison for taking cannabis

:35:30. > :35:34.personal use of it is nonsense. In fact most people don't get

:35:35. > :35:38.prosecuted so we are much nearer to Portugal than the programme is

:35:39. > :35:43.giving the impression. And there's an awful lot of nonsense talked

:35:44. > :35:50.about skunk. I don't use the term skunk, I use the term high THC

:35:51. > :35:54.cannabis. What you said about THC and CBD is correct. We have to look

:35:55. > :35:57.at where the high strength cannabis came from. It came in from the

:35:58. > :36:03.States because they had poor herbal cannabis. It was developed in the

:36:04. > :36:06.Netherlands and it took over the market there and here. It didn't

:36:07. > :36:14.take oaf the market because pushers pushed it, it took over the market

:36:15. > :36:16.because of consumer demand. So any legalisation of low-strength

:36:17. > :36:21.cannabis would create a larger market and we have the laws because

:36:22. > :36:26.they're there to contain drugs use. Actually, we are quite successful.

:36:27. > :36:31.If you look at tobacco for instance, tobacco use is down from 48% of the

:36:32. > :36:35.population in 1948 to about 16% of the population now and we have done

:36:36. > :36:43.that through a combination of laws and social pressure. Cannabis is

:36:44. > :36:47.about 6-7% of the population using it and most grow out of it. You

:36:48. > :36:51.started off with the Lib Dem policy which is absolutely balmy and does

:36:52. > :36:55.Vince Cable, a wise old man of my age, does he really believe in it? I

:36:56. > :37:00.don't think he does. I think he's been trapped by his nutters in the

:37:01. > :37:04.fringe of his party. But why do you think it's... What do you think of

:37:05. > :37:08.the issues around it, the sort of discrepancy between what the Lib

:37:09. > :37:12.Dems say on mental health and what they talk about with drugs? There is

:37:13. > :37:16.a big problem isn't there. Norman Lamb and Nick Clegg have both spoken

:37:17. > :37:20.about mental Health Services for young people. Cannabis causes mental

:37:21. > :37:23.health problems and aggravates them in young people who have them

:37:24. > :37:27.because their brains aren't mature until they're in their early 20s.

:37:28. > :37:31.OK, I want to get the thoughts of Ian on that then because when people

:37:32. > :37:37.talk about legalising cannabis use, it's not for young people is it, I

:37:38. > :37:46.mean, what is the evidence for damage in terms of mental health for

:37:47. > :37:52.young people? Ian, can you hear us, still? Yes, sorry, it was breaking

:37:53. > :37:56.up a little. Just picking up on the point about the Liberal Democrats

:37:57. > :38:03.talking about legalising cannabis but also the focus within the party

:38:04. > :38:10.on mental health and the point I'm making that is it contradictory?

:38:11. > :38:15.Well, no, I don't think it is. I think regulation offers the

:38:16. > :38:21.opportunity to protect particularly young people who for a small number,

:38:22. > :38:27.some will be sensitive to the effects of particularly hypotency

:38:28. > :38:31.cannabis. Officers... Sorry, but as things stand now with messages going

:38:32. > :38:34.out about legalisation with the fact that there is primarily hypotency

:38:35. > :38:39.cannabis on the streets, does it send a message to young people that

:38:40. > :38:43.actually it's OK to smoke it and for the dangers to young people toe be

:38:44. > :38:47.overlooked? Well, I think part of the problem is, we don't have enough

:38:48. > :38:51.information in the UK about a number of things to do with cannabis,

:38:52. > :38:56.including the young people's views. We have very little in the way of

:38:57. > :39:03.information about how potent cannabis is. That's not true. It is,

:39:04. > :39:09.David, we have... That's not right. No, I can't allow that to go... It's

:39:10. > :39:14.based on proxy measures, things like Home Office seizures and the

:39:15. > :39:18.narrative is built up so that we have these strains of cannabis, we

:39:19. > :39:24.may well do. We are almost out of time. Let me very quickly, in three

:39:25. > :39:32.seconds just to respond, David? The claim from Ian is absolute nonsense.

:39:33. > :39:38.We know what they contain and we have known that since 1973. I used

:39:39. > :39:42.to go to the lab and I tested it for years and years and years and Ian's

:39:43. > :39:46.part of that School of People who wants to legalise. We are right out

:39:47. > :39:52.of time. Thank you very much for a lively debate, thank you.

:39:53. > :40:01.Still to come, as four men appear in court accused of being part of the

:40:02. > :40:03.terror cell in Barcelona last week, we speak to counterterrorist

:40:04. > :40:15.officers about whether we are going to have to live with terror and the

:40:16. > :40:20.town that is offering rewards to families that exercise.

:40:21. > :40:23.Instant divorce amongst Muslims , where men can terminate

:40:24. > :40:26.their marriage simply by uttering the word "talaq" three times ,

:40:27. > :40:30.In what's being seen as a major victory for women's rights

:40:31. > :40:32.activists, the country's Supreme Court has declared

:40:33. > :40:35.It is presently outlawed in Pakistan and Bangladesh.

:40:36. > :40:38.Our correspondent, Shalu Yadav, is in Delhi.

:40:39. > :40:46.Tell us more about it? It's a landmark judgment here, being hailed

:40:47. > :40:50.as historic. Not just by Muslim women but by women across India. The

:40:51. > :40:54.Prime Minister himself tweeted half an hour ago welcoming the judgment

:40:55. > :40:58.and congratulating the Muslim women who went ahead and challenged this

:40:59. > :41:01.practice in court. He said this will go way ahead in empowering the women

:41:02. > :41:06.of this country, so quite a landmark judgment. The women's rights groups

:41:07. > :41:10.have welcomed it with open arms and this was a judgment which was much

:41:11. > :41:16.anticipated for the last one year in India. There was a lot of debate

:41:17. > :41:22.around it because of the controversial nature of it where a

:41:23. > :41:26.Muslim man could just simply get divorced from his wife simply by

:41:27. > :41:32.saying three words which translated as towards in Hindi. Where is it

:41:33. > :41:38.still legal? I didn't get that question? How many countries have

:41:39. > :41:42.banned it? Well, I can't give you the count, but then this was one of

:41:43. > :41:47.the arguments which was put in the court today that even the Islamic

:41:48. > :41:51.neighbouring countries of India for instance, Pakistan and Bangladesh

:41:52. > :41:56.have banned it a long time ago. So why not India, go ahead and do

:41:57. > :41:58.something like this which is a landmark decision on the Supreme

:41:59. > :42:02.Court's part. However, the court's said that now it's up to the

:42:03. > :42:06.Government to decide whether they want to bring in a law to address

:42:07. > :42:13.this issue. It's a very sensitive issue here. The Muslim bodies have

:42:14. > :42:18.tried to protect this practice of triple Talek and say it's a

:42:19. > :42:21.religious matter and the court and the government shouldn't be allowed

:42:22. > :42:32.to interfere in this. Thank you very much.

:42:33. > :42:44.The four men held in connection with the attack last week in Barcelona

:42:45. > :42:47.are due to go to court today. Younes Abuyaaqoub was found hiding in a

:42:48. > :42:53.vineyard 30 miles west of the city yesterday. Officers believed the

:42:54. > :42:56.suspected ring leader may have blown himself up accidentally shortly

:42:57. > :43:00.before the Barcelona attack. It was the latest in a series of terrorist

:43:01. > :43:04.atrocities in Europe, using vehicles to kill, including the killing of 87

:43:05. > :43:08.people in Nice and 12 in Berlin. Does the increase in this type of

:43:09. > :43:12.attack mean people are getting too used to terrorism? Do we need to

:43:13. > :43:16.resign ourselves to a level of violence that will just exist for

:43:17. > :43:19.the foreseeable future? We can speak to Dr Evan Lawrence,

:43:20. > :43:25.Counter-Terrorism expert at the University of Central Lancashire, Dr

:43:26. > :43:28.Sarah Perry, clinical psychologist at Manchester Metropolitan

:43:29. > :43:30.University and Jim Gamble in Northern Ireland former

:43:31. > :43:44.Counter-Terrorism officer. Thank you all very much for joining us. Are we

:43:45. > :43:47.having to adjust to what is effectively a new normal, not

:43:48. > :43:52.commonplace but there? Realistically when we start talking about

:43:53. > :43:57.Counter-Terrorism and security, you can never have 100% security. So I

:43:58. > :44:01.think that this is something that we've seen become more prevalent in

:44:02. > :44:07.the last 15 years or so. But realistically when you look back

:44:08. > :44:12.historically as well, you know, the 60s and 70s, even into the 80s, we

:44:13. > :44:17.have large amounts of terrorism, it wasn't the same type though. So I

:44:18. > :44:24.think that, you know, there seems to be this false idea within society

:44:25. > :44:26.that terrorism is really quite new and very scary, but realistically

:44:27. > :44:33.it's been around for a long time and I think it's something that is being

:44:34. > :44:37.covered better by the media and so supreme more information about it.

:44:38. > :44:41.But I don't know that it's something that's new all together. How do you

:44:42. > :44:47.see it, Jim, with your experience of what happened in Northern Ireland?

:44:48. > :44:54.I certainly don't think it is new and I don't think there are good

:44:55. > :45:00.terrorists or bad terrorists. There are have been people about using

:45:01. > :45:04.violence further ends forever. If we move to a position where there is an

:45:05. > :45:08.acceptable level of violence, I think we fall into a trap. We have

:45:09. > :45:14.had that cycle in Northern Ireland for decades. I was in Nice a couple

:45:15. > :45:17.of weeks ago sitting in a cover with my wife having a meal when four

:45:18. > :45:22.different armed patrols, Army patrols, went past. The thing that

:45:23. > :45:27.shocked me is that some people didn't even raise an eyebrow. And I

:45:28. > :45:31.think when we go beyond being shocked about that, then we are in

:45:32. > :45:35.danger of getting into a problem where we think this happens and it

:45:36. > :45:39.happens in some places at some times. Putting the Army on the

:45:40. > :45:44.street is an easy thing to do. Getting them back off it, in my

:45:45. > :45:51.experience in Ireland, is very different. Sarah, what would you say

:45:52. > :45:55.is the impact on national psychologies? When things started to

:45:56. > :46:06.unfold it is shocking but we have to adapt? We do. Other instances where

:46:07. > :46:12.there have been ongoing threats, they tend to show that communities

:46:13. > :46:21.are incredibly resilient. That common sense of purpose, possibly

:46:22. > :46:25.outrage, a struggle against a common threat, it seems to be very

:46:26. > :46:29.supportive. And as your other guests mention, this isn't new. It is a

:46:30. > :46:35.different approach to terrorism. If we look back through history, we

:46:36. > :46:37.tend to see the same parens, communities come together, support

:46:38. > :46:46.each other, and that helps on an individual level. Jim, what we have

:46:47. > :46:50.here mainly is on one side. There is not the tit-for-tat that takes

:46:51. > :46:57.things to a different dynamic. How does that make things different? In

:46:58. > :47:00.some ways it is similar and in some ways it is very different. You

:47:01. > :47:06.haven't got opposing factions fighting each other on the streets

:47:07. > :47:11.of European cities. In Northern Ireland we had loyalist terrorism

:47:12. > :47:14.and republican terrorism. While both of them accepted collateral damage

:47:15. > :47:21.and indeed attacked civilians, there are nuances around what we have now.

:47:22. > :47:25.One of the disturbing themes I see is that in this particular instance,

:47:26. > :47:30.where they are attacking in London, knees or Barcelona, you have got

:47:31. > :47:34.young people, many of whom will have significant mental health issues,

:47:35. > :47:40.there have been radicalised either online or off-line and influenced by

:47:41. > :47:43.others, and there is sole purpose is to strike fear through protest. The

:47:44. > :47:47.attacks are a protest in these communities. Whilst the other

:47:48. > :47:52.speaker talked about the resilience of communities, one of the things I

:47:53. > :47:57.would say is the difficulty here and where we will lose, is if we allow

:47:58. > :48:02.this form of Isis terrorism to become synonymous with a community.

:48:03. > :48:06.What they do is they hide behind communities but they don't actually

:48:07. > :48:10.come from within communities. That is one of the problems in Northern

:48:11. > :48:16.Ireland. I think we cannot allow the media or a Mac anybody else to drive

:48:17. > :48:21.us towards looking through the lens of a particular religion or

:48:22. > :48:24.community, when these terrorists are individuals, some of them with very

:48:25. > :48:30.compact mental health backgrounds, others imported from elsewhere. But

:48:31. > :48:34.they simply manifest their hatred in attacks on innocent members of the

:48:35. > :48:39.public. We have to keep that community cohesion. We have to stand

:48:40. > :48:43.together, all races, all colours, all creeds, against this. Don't

:48:44. > :48:48.allow yourselves to be divided. Don't allow yourselves to be

:48:49. > :48:57.perceived as partisan ad any stage. In terms of practical advice, run,

:48:58. > :49:01.high tell, is that the best advice? Absolutely. The police do a really

:49:02. > :49:12.good job and our security services are quite adept at dealing with

:49:13. > :49:15.attacks and the response to attacks. Practically. Members of the public

:49:16. > :49:21.don't really need to worry so much about attacks or being caught up in

:49:22. > :49:26.attacks. The likelihood is quite low when you look at the statistics. But

:49:27. > :49:30.what you do need to start doing is really demanding from your

:49:31. > :49:32.politicians and your governments, that we start dealing with why

:49:33. > :49:40.people are radicalising in the first place. We are to a point now where,

:49:41. > :49:47.realistically... Sorry to interrupt. Isn't that exactly what has been

:49:48. > :49:52.happening for a long time? Well, no. I think we expect, especially

:49:53. > :50:01.certainly within the UK, we expect the police and the security services

:50:02. > :50:05.to do everything for us. They are stopping and talking to people and

:50:06. > :50:12.really working with communities. But that is not really their job. Their

:50:13. > :50:20.job is to be a reactive force to crime. They have been thrown into,

:50:21. > :50:26.in the last 15 or 20 years, this whole kind of larger concept of

:50:27. > :50:30.counterterrorism. It is an important aspect, but I think that we have

:50:31. > :50:37.two, as a society, start working with the police and the other part

:50:38. > :50:40.of that puzzle is figuring out why people radicalise and stopping them

:50:41. > :50:45.before they get to the awareness of the police. That is really the only

:50:46. > :50:49.way we are ever going to be able to address terrorism in the long-term.

:50:50. > :50:57.The police are only ever going to be reactionary. Sarah, the point of any

:50:58. > :51:01.terror is to spread fear, to get people to change their behaviour.

:51:02. > :51:11.What is the evidence of how much people do that, and how quickly

:51:12. > :51:14.people do bounce back? The individual ability to bounce back is

:51:15. > :51:19.bothered by that sense of belonging and identifying with community. But

:51:20. > :51:28.the flip side of that is that people can perhaps over identify with

:51:29. > :51:32.communities. The sense of a shared enemy may become too broad, which is

:51:33. > :51:38.what we are seeing in the US at the moment, where whole groups of people

:51:39. > :51:42.are being identified as potentially threatening, which is definitely not

:51:43. > :51:45.helpful. We need to maintain the language of unity, hopefulness,

:51:46. > :51:53.togetherness, and try to maintain the focus of inclusion and that

:51:54. > :51:59.everybody is able to support one another, so that we don't brads and

:52:00. > :52:04.up in that position of certain groups identified as threatening.

:52:05. > :52:05.Thank you all very much. Enqueue. -- thank you.

:52:06. > :52:08.Families could get discounts on their supermarket shop, and free

:52:09. > :52:10.cinema tickets, for hitting exercise targets under a new NHS scheme.

:52:11. > :52:13.The proposal, which is aimed at cutting pressure on the health

:52:14. > :52:17.service, will see app users rewarded for walking.

:52:18. > :52:19.The programme will be trialled in Halton Lea, Cheshire,

:52:20. > :52:22.at one of 10 housing developments which make up the NHS

:52:23. > :52:42.Kevin McGough is the director of the Ebbsfleet garden city healthy new

:52:43. > :52:52.town. Kevin, what is the healthy town trying to do? Good morning. The

:52:53. > :52:56.garden city... The project is being pioneered by the NHS in England. It

:52:57. > :53:01.is a drastic initiative that is trying to stay -- take a step back.

:53:02. > :53:05.If we are going to build a whole new town, let's do it better than we

:53:06. > :53:09.have done historically. Can we get better health outcomes and get

:53:10. > :53:14.people much more involved in designing health services if we

:53:15. > :53:17.start from scratch? What are some specific examples of what the

:53:18. > :53:22.incentives are for people to improve their healthy lifestyle? Each of the

:53:23. > :53:29.ten Healthy New Towns have different initiatives. At Ebbsfleet, we have

:53:30. > :53:36.got three strands. Put people in control of their own health. A whole

:53:37. > :53:40.new built environment. We will build seven new parks. And we want people

:53:41. > :53:45.to get involved and help design them. We have got new and existing

:53:46. > :53:49.communities. We have initiatives to try to get them involved in

:53:50. > :53:55.designing the town and becoming more active. One example for us is a

:53:56. > :54:02.programme where we give 100 people who've already signed up, new and

:54:03. > :54:07.existing residents, to support each other to get more active and to use

:54:08. > :54:10.the GPS ladders we will be monitoring where they go in the next

:54:11. > :54:15.year. I'm trying to work out what the incentive is. There are parks in

:54:16. > :54:19.towns already. People can buy gadgets for their wrists to lose

:54:20. > :54:26.weight. Are you offering things like the sort of headline items that have

:54:27. > :54:31.been mentioned, the cut-price sports gear, free cinema tickets, discounts

:54:32. > :54:37.etc? If people stay within our initiative for a year, they will

:54:38. > :54:41.keep their device. They will also help design the parks they will live

:54:42. > :54:48.on. They tell us what kind of parts they want. We will design the parks

:54:49. > :54:54.for them. They will tell us how to design the city in a way. Stephen,

:54:55. > :55:00.what do you think about it? The initiative is really timely. Modern

:55:01. > :55:03.life has been successful in stripping effort out of everything.

:55:04. > :55:10.Our leisure time, the way we get to and from schools, work etc. I've not

:55:11. > :55:17.even had to come to your studio today. I am doing it from my office.

:55:18. > :55:19.That is really bad for our health. Physical inactivity, according to

:55:20. > :55:26.the World Health Organisation, is the fourth largest cause of

:55:27. > :55:30.premature mortality, globally. I'm sorry to interrupt because we are

:55:31. > :55:33.short on time. I just want to understand exactly what is going to

:55:34. > :55:40.make people behave differently? These are things we know. We do know

:55:41. > :55:44.them but our towns and cities previously have been designed in a

:55:45. > :55:47.completely different way. This is starting from scratch, the idea of

:55:48. > :55:49.designing activity back into lives where we have stripped it out. That

:55:50. > :55:49.is really important. Jackie Freedman is in

:55:50. > :56:00.charge of the Fiz Walking What are you doing to get people fit

:56:01. > :56:06.and healthy? We have to work with the existing community and the

:56:07. > :56:09.housing situation they are in. We go into the community and try to get

:56:10. > :56:13.those people active by looking at what is stopping them. The barriers

:56:14. > :56:20.to walking and cycling that they experience. What are the barriers

:56:21. > :56:23.you come across? For example, cycling, if you're living in social

:56:24. > :56:29.housing, where do you put your bikes? If you can afford your bikes.

:56:30. > :56:34.Most people cannot even afford bikes. If you go as a family, that

:56:35. > :56:40.might be several bikes, plus the paraphernalia. They have to be able

:56:41. > :56:43.to afford those bikes. We have been supplying recycled bikes. We have to

:56:44. > :56:47.make sure they are safe. On top of that they don't want to go near

:56:48. > :56:54.traffic. They need cycle routes that are safe, that are pleasant and that

:56:55. > :56:57.are nearby. And we don't know where those cycle routes are. They do

:56:58. > :57:04.exist and they love to get out with the kids on the bikes but it is a

:57:05. > :57:07.big challenge to get them out, a challenge to get them to... Also,

:57:08. > :57:15.there are a lot of leisure routes where we live. There just isn't the

:57:16. > :57:20.infrastructure. For walking, people are very nervous about going out

:57:21. > :57:24.without support. They like to go in a group, particularly if they are

:57:25. > :57:28.with kids. There are a lot of lone parents. It is good to have them to

:57:29. > :57:32.get out as a group. That is what we try to do. We try to meet them in

:57:33. > :57:35.their communities and enable them to learn about what public transport

:57:36. > :57:42.options are available to get them to most places. How much impact, Kevin,

:57:43. > :57:48.do you think the environment has on people's desire and incentive to

:57:49. > :57:56.actually get out to do the best for themselves? I think it is critical.

:57:57. > :57:59.If they haven't got cycle routes, places to walk, they will not do it.

:58:00. > :58:06.It is important people move into the new town, that we encourage positive

:58:07. > :58:12.behaviours from the beginning. And that people actually feel safe. We

:58:13. > :58:15.are actually finding that our new residents are working well with

:58:16. > :58:25.existing residents. They tell them about the routes. Thank you. Thank

:58:26. > :58:26.you for your company. BBC newsroom live is next.

:58:27. > :58:28.Bye-bye.