08/09/2017

:00:07. > :00:09.It's Friday, it's nine o'clock, I'm Chloe Tilley.

:00:10. > :00:22.State of emergency is declared in the British Virgin Islands as

:00:23. > :00:25.hurricane and it continues to devastate region. Pictures show the

:00:26. > :00:29.island flattened. All of us have been affected by Irma

:00:30. > :00:32.and some more than others. Apart from the structural damage

:00:33. > :00:35.there've sadly been reports 14 people have died in the region

:00:36. > :00:45.with another British territory, Turks and Caicos Islands,

:00:46. > :00:47.the latest to be hit. The tiny island of Barbuda is almost

:00:48. > :00:50.entirely destroyed. A lot of the people there cannot

:00:51. > :00:55.stay in that condition. A lot of houses, a lot

:00:56. > :01:00.of structures, a lot of commercial places,

:01:01. > :01:12.cell towers, everything We will have all of the details,

:01:13. > :01:12.including the latest on the rescue effort.

:01:13. > :01:13.Also this morning: From England cricketer

:01:14. > :01:16.Former England cricketer Chris Lewis tells us

:01:17. > :01:34.Welcome to the programme, we're live until 11 this morning.

:01:35. > :01:37.We're also talking to two women who only learnt to read properly

:01:38. > :01:42.If you've struggled with literacy as an adult then

:01:43. > :01:49.Do get in touch on all the stories we're talking about this morning -

:01:50. > :01:52.use the hashtag #victorialive and if you text, you will be charged

:01:53. > :01:56.Our top story today, Hurricane Irma - one

:01:57. > :01:59.of the strongest storms ever recorded in the Atlantic -

:02:00. > :02:02.is continuing its path of destruction through the Caribbean.

:02:03. > :02:05.At least 14 people have died and hundreds of buildings have been

:02:06. > :02:10.Deaths have been reported in the US and British Virgin Islands,

:02:11. > :02:17.Barbuda and St Martin were the first to feel the full force of the winds

:02:18. > :02:21.and storm surge followed by Puerto Rico.

:02:22. > :02:24.Haiti and the Turks and Caicos islands are the latest places

:02:25. > :02:38.This is what it's like to look out of your hotel room

:02:39. > :02:41.in the Turks and Caicos, knowing that one of the strongest

:02:42. > :02:43.storms in recent memory is heading your way.

:02:44. > :02:45.Starting to hear the noise of the wind as well,

:02:46. > :02:53.But we're not even close to the worst bit yet.

:02:54. > :02:58.On the British Virgin Islands there have been

:02:59. > :03:01.With communications severely disrupted, the governor issued this

:03:02. > :03:06.audio message declaring a state of emergency.

:03:07. > :03:10.All of us have been affected by Irma, and some more than others.

:03:11. > :03:13.Apart from the structural damage, there have sadly been reports

:03:14. > :03:24.My thoughts and prayers are with each and every one of you.

:03:25. > :03:27.At least one person is believed to have died on the British

:03:28. > :03:29.territory of Anguilla, where residents sheltered

:03:30. > :03:33.in the strongest part of their homes for safety.

:03:34. > :03:35.We were in the bath with a mattress above us.

:03:36. > :03:40.That's how we sort of managed to keep safe and dry.

:03:41. > :03:44.I think a lot of people were in a similar situation.

:03:45. > :03:48.We've seen houses with cars that have been just picked up

:03:49. > :03:55.Barbuda was one of the first islands to be hit by Irma.

:03:56. > :03:58.It is now less than 48 hours away from the impact

:03:59. > :04:04.Jose has sustained wind speeds of 120 mph and it looks likely

:04:05. > :04:07.to gain in strength over the next day or two.

:04:08. > :04:21.The UK Government has been facing criticism that it didn't respond

:04:22. > :04:24.quickly enough to help people in overseas territories. Let's go live

:04:25. > :04:30.to the Foreign Office and Andy Moore. Let's talk about that

:04:31. > :04:36.criticism, first of all. Tell us more about it? Well, the criticism

:04:37. > :04:40.has come from those on the islands, representatives of the islands in

:04:41. > :04:45.the UK. Someone like Baroness Amos, who used to coordinate relief effort

:04:46. > :04:50.for the UN. She said Britain had acted too late. We have heard from

:04:51. > :04:53.the Prime Minister, ?32 million has been allocated for disaster relief

:04:54. > :04:56.and there are a lot of military assets in the regional on the way

:04:57. > :05:01.there. First, you have the Royal Fleet auxiliary ship. That is

:05:02. > :05:05.offering help to the residents of Anguilla, the British territory.

:05:06. > :05:08.That ship as helicopters, it has earth moving equipment, it has

:05:09. > :05:11.emergency rations on board. Then there is a task group, the first

:05:12. > :05:20.elements of which are leaving this morning from Brize Norton. These

:05:21. > :05:24.giant C17 aircraft, carrying personnel and rations, some of them

:05:25. > :05:28.carrying helicopters, which are very important in the relief effort. Then

:05:29. > :05:35.you have HMS Ocean, the flagship of the Royal Navy. Again, it is an

:05:36. > :05:39.aircraft carrier, on its way from the Mediterranean to the Caribbean.

:05:40. > :05:41.But it will take up to two weeks to get there. Let's head over to the

:05:42. > :05:43.BBC newsroom. Annita McVeigh is in the BBC

:05:44. > :05:45.Newsroom with a summary At least five people have died

:05:46. > :05:51.after an earthquake with a magnitude The earthquake struck

:05:52. > :05:54.off the Pacific Coast A tsunami warning has been issued

:05:55. > :05:58.for Mexico and six other Local authorities say it's

:05:59. > :06:03.the strongest quake to hit the country since the devastating

:06:04. > :06:06.1985 tremor that brought down buildings and killed

:06:07. > :06:09.thousands of people. Journalist Franc Contreras

:06:10. > :06:11.is in Mexico City and described I could hear my dog

:06:12. > :06:18.barking, animals barking. Dogs barking all over

:06:19. > :06:28.the neighbourhood, I should say. Suddenly, you could start to feel

:06:29. > :06:31.the building move quite heavily. You could hear loud

:06:32. > :06:33.cracks in the concrete. It sounded like a giant

:06:34. > :06:35.wooden branch being just People were streaming out

:06:36. > :06:39.of the hallways here, on the floor that I live on I saw

:06:40. > :06:42.a man in his pyjamas, carrying his little

:06:43. > :06:44.daughter in her pyjamas. The mother was carrying

:06:45. > :06:47.the little dog. Everybody walking out,

:06:48. > :06:50.single file, into the streets. Trying to avoid high power lines,

:06:51. > :06:53.electricity lines that could fall on you, in the case of an earthquake

:06:54. > :06:59.of this sort. Young offenders from ethnic minority

:07:00. > :07:02.backgrounds will become "the next generation" of adult criminals

:07:03. > :07:04.unless the justice system is reformed, according to a review

:07:05. > :07:12.led by the MP David Lammy. The inquiry makes a series

:07:13. > :07:14.of recommendations - these include allowing some

:07:15. > :07:16.prosecutions to be deferred, or even dropped, if suspects get

:07:17. > :07:19.treatment for issues such as drug Noel Williams was 11 when he first

:07:20. > :07:26.got involved in gangs. By the age of 13 he was imprisoned

:07:27. > :07:31.for robberies and drug dealing. I'm in and out of the system,

:07:32. > :07:33.been there three times. A lot of bullying goes

:07:34. > :07:36.on and as we say lack of prison staff so they don't pick up

:07:37. > :07:39.on certain things, people are self-harming,

:07:40. > :07:42.if they don't cut their arms He's now turned his life around

:07:43. > :07:48.but he believes race and ethnicity plays a part in how you're treated

:07:49. > :07:50.and punished within It's unjust, of course it's unjust,

:07:51. > :08:00.and if you look at the sentences we get, they're longer,

:08:01. > :08:02.sentences are harsher and people are coming out not rehabilitated,

:08:03. > :08:05.sometimes they come out and reoffend at an accelerated rate

:08:06. > :08:10.to their counterparts too. The Lammy Review makes a number

:08:11. > :08:13.of key recommendations, such as removing identifying

:08:14. > :08:16.information about ethnicity when cases are passed from police

:08:17. > :08:18.to prosecutors so racial bias doesn't influence

:08:19. > :08:23.charging decisions. I'm very worried about our

:08:24. > :08:25.prison system, I think where there's clearly overt

:08:26. > :08:31.discrimination going on and some of the treatment

:08:32. > :08:40.is just unacceptable. It's one of the largest reviews

:08:41. > :08:43.of its kind and highlights that radical reform is urgently needed

:08:44. > :08:45.to bring fairness to The government is accusing Labour

:08:46. > :08:51.of a "cynical" attempt to block The bill paves the way for leaving

:08:52. > :08:55.the European Union in March 2019. Labour and other opposition parties

:08:56. > :08:59.have promised to vote against it next week insisting it gives

:09:00. > :09:01.sweeping powers to ministers The Brexit secretary David Davis

:09:02. > :09:08.claimed Britons "will not forgive" Labour if they try to "delay

:09:09. > :09:11.or destroy" the process Pilots at package tour airline

:09:12. > :09:21.Thomas Cook are staging a 12-hour The walkout, which started

:09:22. > :09:25.at 3am, is by members of the British Airline

:09:26. > :09:26.Pilots' Association. It is thought to be the first

:09:27. > :09:29.strike by pilots in the UK Union members voted by nine-to-one

:09:30. > :09:38.to take industrial action An appeal by the company

:09:39. > :09:42.to overturn the ballot result The Nobel prize winner

:09:43. > :09:48.Malala Yousafzai has called on the leader of Myanamar,

:09:49. > :09:50.Aung San Suu Kyi, to help the country's Rohingya Muslim

:09:51. > :09:52.minority. Thousands of Rohingya have fled

:09:53. > :09:55.because of violence. Malala called for an international

:09:56. > :09:58.response to the violence in Myanmar. She spoke to the BBC

:09:59. > :10:00.as she prepares to start England's first new grammar school

:10:01. > :10:11.in five decades has opened. The academically-selective school

:10:12. > :10:13.in Sevenoaks is being set up as an annexe to The Weald

:10:14. > :10:16.of Kent Grammar in Tonbridge - meaning it escaped a legal

:10:17. > :10:19.ban on the opening of Critics say it's

:10:20. > :10:21.by-passing the law. A 13-year-old girl who died

:10:22. > :10:24.from a brain aneurysm has helped eight different people through organ

:10:25. > :10:35.donation - a record number. Jemima Layzell, from

:10:36. > :10:37.Somerset, died in 2012. Her parents said she was clever,

:10:38. > :10:39.compassionate and creative - and would have been "very proud

:10:40. > :10:41.of her legacy". NHS Blood and Transplant

:10:42. > :10:43.said no other donor had That's a summary of the latest BBC

:10:44. > :10:58.News - more at 9.30. Let's get some sport now. Let's talk

:10:59. > :11:01.about the US open. Lots of people getting excited that Venus Williams

:11:02. > :11:06.might reach her first final since 2002, but it wasn't meant to be?

:11:07. > :11:14.There's nothing better than watching an underdog triumph. Venus Williams

:11:15. > :11:21.was beaten by a player that was on their sofa, with a large cast on her

:11:22. > :11:24.left foot in January, watching the Australian open on television. I'm

:11:25. > :11:28.talking about and seeded American Sloane Stephens. She more than

:11:29. > :11:34.bounced back from her injury. She defeated the ninth seed.

:11:35. > :11:37.She'll face Madison Keys who crushed Coco Vandeweghe in straight sets.

:11:38. > :11:39.The pair will both be making their grand slam final

:11:40. > :11:42.debuts on Saturday - the last time that happened was 15

:11:43. > :11:44.years ago when Serena Williams beat her sister Venus.

:11:45. > :12:00.It feels absolutely amazing. You know, these are the moments growing

:12:01. > :12:04.up that you dream about. To be sitting here as US open finalist, it

:12:05. > :12:11.feels amazing. She is a close friend of mine, so to be able to play her

:12:12. > :12:13.in both of our first finals is a really special moment, especially

:12:14. > :12:18.with everything we have gone through this year. Always nice to see

:12:19. > :12:23.genuine joy from a sports person. Let's talk about cricket. A dramatic

:12:24. > :12:27.first day in the deciding first test? Yes, it was going so well as

:12:28. > :12:32.Ben Stokes reached a new career high, taking six wickets, helping

:12:33. > :12:37.bowl the West Indies out for just 123. But then England struggled in

:12:38. > :12:43.reply. Poor batting from England. It put them into trouble, really. Joe

:12:44. > :12:46.Root's side closed and 46-4. Afterwards, Ben Stokes came out

:12:47. > :12:48.quite positive and said England will be able to handle it. That's all for

:12:49. > :12:59.now. I will have more in 30 minutes. Hurricane scientists say they have

:13:00. > :13:03.never seen anything like this on modern record, as Hurricane Irma

:13:04. > :13:07.hurtles through the Caribbean with two weather systems in its wake, a

:13:08. > :13:12.meteorologist described it as unparalleled. This is what looks

:13:13. > :13:20.like the satellite. Hurricane has already caused devastation, with

:13:21. > :13:26.Jose and patio close behind. It has taken lives and destroyed properties

:13:27. > :13:28.from Barbados, poor to regard the British Virgin Islands. Flooding,

:13:29. > :13:33.power cuts in the northern parts of the Dominican Republic and in Haiti.

:13:34. > :13:37.Tens of thousands are in need of shelter after the high winds laid

:13:38. > :13:42.waste to buildings. The Turks and Caicos are the latest to feel the

:13:43. > :13:47.force. The wind speed has dropped, but it is still reaching 165 mph as

:13:48. > :13:53.it heads towards the southern tip of the United States. Its path now goes

:13:54. > :14:00.over the Turks and Caicos. You can see it clipping Cuba's northern

:14:01. > :14:02.coast before hitting the Bahamas and ploughing into the Florida

:14:03. > :14:08.peninsula. Preparations are being made in the islands that are yet to

:14:09. > :14:11.feel the force of it. In Cuba, thousands of tourists have been

:14:12. > :14:15.moved to safety from exposed coastal resorts. In the Bahamas, people are

:14:16. > :14:20.boarding up, stocking up on packing up. In Miami, preparations as well.

:14:21. > :14:24.There is a state of emergency in Florida. Hurricane Irma is set to

:14:25. > :14:27.hit overnight on Sunday. These people are preparing to bunker down

:14:28. > :14:32.while thousands of others have been clogging the roads and airports as

:14:33. > :14:37.they flee. Let's go back to the British Virgin Islands and hear more

:14:38. > :14:38.now from the governor. That public announcement that he made after the

:14:39. > :14:41.hurricane hit. People of the British

:14:42. > :15:31.Virgin Islands, this Simon Cross, who moved to the

:15:32. > :15:33.British Virgin Islands two years ago, told us what happened in the

:15:34. > :15:35.force of the storm. In our house, the major

:15:36. > :15:37.warning was when a skylight was blown off

:15:38. > :15:38.the We could hear the wind is blasting

:15:39. > :15:42.through the upstairs of the house, and at that point,

:15:43. > :15:45.we thought maybe the roof was going to go,

:15:46. > :15:46.so that was our main indicator to get

:15:47. > :15:49.the hell downstairs into the basement, the most secure

:15:50. > :15:52.part of the building. We had shutters that had been

:15:53. > :15:57.secured, and I had been pulling around and had a lot

:15:58. > :16:02.of confidence that they would protect the building,

:16:03. > :16:04.and the next thing you know, they are ripped

:16:05. > :16:06.off the French doors that were protecting us

:16:07. > :16:08.in the Ten minutes later,

:16:09. > :16:13.the other one went off the other French doors,

:16:14. > :16:17.so we were completely exposed. Missiles from trees

:16:18. > :16:19.or debris or whatever can easily just penetrate through there,

:16:20. > :16:21.but fortunately, nothing happened. When the eye came, it gave

:16:22. > :16:30.us almost a half-time to re-evaluate, see

:16:31. > :16:34.what we could do in the meantime to get ready

:16:35. > :16:36.for the Myself and the father of the family

:16:37. > :16:44.quickly rushed upstairs and did our best to nail

:16:45. > :16:47.timber over the skylight wind from getting

:16:48. > :16:50.underneath the roof. We just about managed to do that

:16:51. > :16:53.before the second wave came, at which point we rushed

:16:54. > :16:57.downstairs to the basement. And the wind was scary

:16:58. > :17:06.and ferocious enough that we all ended up huddling in the adjoining

:17:07. > :17:11.bathroom, which managed to still have a small window protected

:17:12. > :17:14.by metal shutters, and that was the Fortunately, these mahogany

:17:15. > :17:21.French doors managed to hold, but the wind was like nothing

:17:22. > :17:38.I've ever known in my life. Let me bring you this news, which is

:17:39. > :17:46.just reaching us from our defence correspondent, Jonathan Beale. The

:17:47. > :17:49.Royal Navy ship RFA mounts Bay is on the way to help in relief efforts

:17:50. > :17:54.following Hurricane Irma. The ship has already stopped off in Anguilla

:17:55. > :18:03.and is carrying 50 Royal Marines and army engineers. That is reaching us,

:18:04. > :18:08.that is a Royal Navy ship is on its way to help with relief.

:18:09. > :18:16.The tiny island of Barbuda has been hit badly, with up to 95% of

:18:17. > :18:18.buildings destroyed. Karl Josef spoke to us earlier and told us what

:18:19. > :18:20.he saw. We did an overview of Barbuda,

:18:21. > :18:22.and by and large, a lot You saw large patches of water

:18:23. > :18:35.as you went, as we took that view going to the

:18:36. > :18:37.helipad in Barbuda. Also, what struck me before we even

:18:38. > :18:40.touched down was the fact There were no leaves

:18:41. > :18:46.on the trees whatsoever. The hurricane had completely

:18:47. > :18:48.ravaged not only the houses and structures but the trees

:18:49. > :18:50.on the island, so the vegetation All you saw was bark and stems,

:18:51. > :19:00.and everything just brown, so that wasn't a good sign,

:19:01. > :19:04.even before you touched down in Once we got there, we were met

:19:05. > :19:11.at the helipad with folks trying to get

:19:12. > :19:17.off the island itself. A lot of people were trying to seek

:19:18. > :19:20.refuge, of course, in A lot of people were trying to get

:19:21. > :19:28.off of the island by any means necessary, because

:19:29. > :19:32.a lot of the houses, like I said before,

:19:33. > :19:33.were That is a word that the prime

:19:34. > :19:44.minister of Antigua and Barbuda used just yesterday,

:19:45. > :19:46.when he first touched down into He basically said that a lot

:19:47. > :19:53.of the people cannot stay in Is there any food, any shelter,

:19:54. > :19:58.left for the people in When I went there today,

:19:59. > :20:10.as I journeyed down that main street towards the wharf,

:20:11. > :20:15.maybe in about 2007, I can't remember which year,

:20:16. > :20:18.the government had built a strong complex for fisheries,

:20:19. > :20:20.where they were supposed That is one of the main things

:20:21. > :20:27.that Barbuda does - it So they built a very

:20:28. > :20:37.strong complex to house the lobster, the fish to be exported

:20:38. > :20:43.throughout the Caribbean and the rest of the world,

:20:44. > :20:46.so a lot of people tried to make their way down

:20:47. > :20:47.to Today, when I went down there,

:20:48. > :20:53.that is where a lot of the distribution of food, water,

:20:54. > :20:56.clothes, that was being done down So, if folks wanted to get stuff

:20:57. > :21:04.for their children and for their families, they would have

:21:05. > :21:07.made their way there. Most of the people were

:21:08. > :21:10.gathered there today. That is where the main

:21:11. > :21:15.sort of shelter was. I'm glad you said where the shelter

:21:16. > :21:20.is, because after the hurricane would have passed and done damage

:21:21. > :21:26.to Barbuda, if they got, like, simple drizzle or simple rain,

:21:27. > :21:28.they would Of course, we know that

:21:29. > :21:36.Hurricane Jose could be That is just today

:21:37. > :21:46.the cabinet made a decision. I think at first it was voluntary,

:21:47. > :21:58.and I think they used more stronger language today,

:21:59. > :22:02.that they don't just want it to be a They are compelling folks

:22:03. > :22:04.without having to say compelling people to

:22:05. > :22:06.evacuate to Antigua. Provisions are being made to house

:22:07. > :22:09.folks from Barbuda in Antigua, because irrespective of

:22:10. > :22:13.what sort of weather pattern comes on Saturday, when Jose

:22:14. > :22:17.is expected to come, Most folks won't be

:22:18. > :22:37.able to sustain it. Ride-mac we will have much more on

:22:38. > :22:45.hurricane Irma later in the programme. -- we will have much more

:22:46. > :22:50.on Irma later in the programme. "If you're black, you're treated

:22:51. > :22:53.more harshly by the criminal justice system than if you're white" -

:22:54. > :22:56.an admission from Theresa May soon So will the final report

:22:57. > :22:59.from a major review commissioned by Downing Street and carried out

:23:00. > :23:02.by the Labour MP David But when it came to drug offences,

:23:03. > :23:40.ethnic minorities are around 240% more likely to be sent to prison

:23:41. > :23:50.compared to white offenders. Ethnic minority male prisoners

:23:51. > :23:53.are more likely to be placed Here's the report's author,

:23:54. > :24:24.MP David Lammy, speaking a little We have now created a situation

:24:25. > :24:33.in our country were 41% of our youth prison system,

:24:34. > :24:38.that's young people as young as ten and as old as 18, is from a black

:24:39. > :24:43.or minority ethnic background. I mean, that's more than double

:24:44. > :24:46.the amount of black and ethnic minority young people

:24:47. > :24:50.in our country. That is a significant issue and it

:24:51. > :24:53.suggests that our adult prison population will grow as well

:24:54. > :25:12.if we don't try to do The Secretary of State for Justice

:25:13. > :25:16.says the ministry of justice wants to eradicate all injustices within

:25:17. > :25:20.society. What struck me about the report too was the reality is that

:25:21. > :25:25.very large numbers of British people from

:25:26. > :25:26.our black and ethnic minority communities lack confidence in the

:25:27. > :25:29.criminal justice system. No minister, no Government of any

:25:30. > :25:31.political colour can be happy David Lammy's recommendations

:25:32. > :25:36.offer a possible route for doing some of that,

:25:37. > :25:56.and we'll be responding in detail Let Speaker Jeremy Corbyn could --

:25:57. > :26:02.to Jeremy Crook. And Helen Beresford is director of engagement for social

:26:03. > :26:10.justice charity. Jeremy Corbyn first of all, is there discrimination in

:26:11. > :26:18.the justice system, is there a perception of it all a reality?

:26:19. > :26:21.There are many black and Muslim men in prisons who face discrimination.

:26:22. > :26:28.We can look at the inspection reports every year, which show clear

:26:29. > :26:32.bias in prisons and complaints about how black and Asian prisoners are

:26:33. > :26:35.treated. There is no doubt that there is overworked and unconscious

:26:36. > :26:39.issues in prisons for black and Asian prisoners, so I welcome the

:26:40. > :26:48.report because it has put a real spotlight on this issue and the need

:26:49. > :26:53.for prisons to reflect our prisons, which are diverse, to better assess

:26:54. > :26:58.prisoners when they come to prison at first, and to make sure that the

:26:59. > :27:03.best possible practical solutions are put in place to make sure

:27:04. > :27:09.prisoners can be rehabilitated, given support and not suffer bias

:27:10. > :27:13.and discrimination in prison that they have often experienced outside.

:27:14. > :27:17.I'm sure a lot of people watching will be thinking, how are people who

:27:18. > :27:20.are black or Asian treated differently in prison? In terms of

:27:21. > :27:26.how a prisoner is given opportunity to go and get learning, to have

:27:27. > :27:32.opportunity to work in prison, they feel that it is often based on

:27:33. > :27:36.privilege and the bias of particular officers giving priority to white

:27:37. > :27:43.prisoners rather than black and Asian. Muslim prisoners often wonder

:27:44. > :27:48.whether their faith is understood by officers who are not from that

:27:49. > :27:50.background and who can often disrespect that faith and their

:27:51. > :27:54.individuality and therefore not give a full and proper service to those

:27:55. > :27:59.individuals. The stereotyping black and Muslim men and women in our

:28:00. > :28:02.society also permeates prisons as well, so we shouldn't be surprised

:28:03. > :28:06.by that, but it is about making sure that officers are given the right

:28:07. > :28:10.training and support to make sure they can meet the needs of

:28:11. > :28:13.individuals fully so we don't have men coming out of prison and

:28:14. > :28:17.reoffending at high rates because they are black or Muslim, but also

:28:18. > :28:20.while they are in prison, that they can get the support they need and

:28:21. > :28:24.can be treated with respect and dignity. Let's talk about before

:28:25. > :28:29.they get to prison, because one of the issues raised in the report,

:28:30. > :28:33.Helen, is about this deficit of trust, David Lammy suggesting that

:28:34. > :28:37.more black defendants would plead guilty and therefore get a discount

:28:38. > :28:41.on their sentence if they had confidence that the magistrate would

:28:42. > :28:45.give them a reasonable and fair sentence. Like Jeremy, we really

:28:46. > :28:48.support the launch of this report. It is really important to look

:28:49. > :28:54.across the whole justice system and beyond, as you say, before people

:28:55. > :28:59.enter the justice system, and afterwards as well, including the

:29:00. > :29:04.criminal record issue. David Lammy rightly highlights this issue of a

:29:05. > :29:09.trust deficit. We know from our work with disadvantaged people and adults

:29:10. > :29:14.across the country that there can be this mistrust around engaging with

:29:15. > :29:18.statutory services. In particular, we find this is with the police, but

:29:19. > :29:22.actually, the impact of that mistrust with the police is across

:29:23. > :29:25.all of the justice system and all statutory services as well. Once you

:29:26. > :29:30.have had a negative experience of something like that, you are less

:29:31. > :29:34.likely to engage positively in future. How do you change that? Is

:29:35. > :29:39.it as simple as saying, let's get more black and ethnic minority

:29:40. > :29:42.officers in the police, judges, magistrates, or is that too

:29:43. > :29:47.simplistic? That is fundamentally important. We do need more police

:29:48. > :29:50.officers, prison officers, magistrates and judges, so I think

:29:51. > :29:55.David Lammy is right to say that should be addressed, and there is a

:29:56. > :30:01.target to reach that in time for 2025 in the case of judges. We have

:30:02. > :30:04.only 6% of police officers in the country from black and Asian

:30:05. > :30:08.backgrounds, so we need to do better. Clearly, we have to improve

:30:09. > :30:11.stop and search. That is the real issue that diminishes trust in the

:30:12. > :30:16.police. Not just for young people but for older people. If we can get

:30:17. > :30:21.a grip on that and reduce that, make sure it is targeted and looks at

:30:22. > :30:25.criminals rather than the whole community, that would be a step

:30:26. > :30:29.forward. It is not about numbers only, it is about leadership, prison

:30:30. > :30:31.governors, the Secretary of State, the chief of their probation and

:30:32. > :30:34.prison service saying, this is something we must make progress on

:30:35. > :30:39.and do it now, because it has been an issue for a long period of time.

:30:40. > :30:43.We had been working on it for format years through the Young Review and

:30:44. > :30:45.we have seen little improvement in the outcomes for black and Muslim

:30:46. > :30:52.men, for example. I want to pick up on some

:30:53. > :30:56.controversial elements, some people might think this is not fair. Things

:30:57. > :31:00.like prosecutions being deferred, people not being sentenced until

:31:01. > :31:02.they have taken part in a community programme, things like sealed

:31:03. > :31:07.criminal records, after you have served a certain amount of time, if

:31:08. > :31:10.you can prove you have moved on, employers would not necessarily know

:31:11. > :31:14.you have a criminal record. Some people would feel uncomfortable with

:31:15. > :31:17.that? If I start with criminal records, we have a very complex,

:31:18. > :31:22.confusion and other true system of disclosure of criminal records at

:31:23. > :31:27.the moment. It has a huge impact from Julie Macron how people move

:31:28. > :31:33.from being involved in crime into a positive future, but they are held

:31:34. > :31:35.back by having to disclose, or not knowing when to disclose, employers

:31:36. > :31:42.that don't know what the rules are, and they are more likely to be risk

:31:43. > :31:47.averse, in terms of blame people that have a criminal record. We run

:31:48. > :31:50.an advice service advising individuals and employers on right

:31:51. > :31:54.and responsible at ease. But we know we have to have fundamental change.

:31:55. > :31:59.If we want to give people a chance to move on, do not reoffend, to get

:32:00. > :32:02.a job, one of the core things about rehabilitation and moving on to life

:32:03. > :32:07.after crime, we need to get those things right. We absolutely support

:32:08. > :32:11.a fundamental review of the criminal records regime and looking at this

:32:12. > :32:12.new optional sealed disclosure. Thanks for coming in and talking to

:32:13. > :32:18.us. Still to come, from international

:32:19. > :32:26.cricket to drug smuggling. Chris Smith tells us about the string of

:32:27. > :32:29.bad decisions that landed him in prison. And two mothers who

:32:30. > :32:33.struggled with reading and writing tell us how hard it became when they

:32:34. > :32:35.had children and how they have managed to learn.

:32:36. > :32:38.Here's Annita in the BBC Newsroom with a summary of todays news.

:32:39. > :32:41.Hurricane Irma has left a trail of destruction as it sweeps

:32:42. > :32:46.It's already destroyed almost all buildings on Barbuda.

:32:47. > :32:49.At least 14 people have been killed by the storm.

:32:50. > :32:51.The Red Cross says an estimated 1.2 million people

:32:52. > :33:04.A state of emergency has been declared in the British Virgin

:33:05. > :33:07.Islands. Images show buildings razed to the ground and debris scattered

:33:08. > :33:09.across streets. At least five people have died

:33:10. > :33:12.after an earthquake with a magnitude The earthquake struck

:33:13. > :33:15.off the Pacific Coast A tsunami warning has been issued

:33:16. > :33:20.for Mexico and six other Local authorities say it's

:33:21. > :33:25.the strongest quake to hit the country since the devastating

:33:26. > :33:27.1985 tremor that brought down buildings and killed

:33:28. > :33:36.thousands of people. Young offenders from ethnic minority

:33:37. > :33:39.backgrounds will become the next generation of adult criminals

:33:40. > :33:41.unless the justice system is reformed, according to a review

:33:42. > :33:44.led by the MP David Lammy. The report makes more than 30

:33:45. > :33:46.recommendations including allowing some prosecutions to be deferred

:33:47. > :33:48.or even dropped if suspects get treatment for issues such as drug

:33:49. > :34:03.or alcohol problems. Pilots at package to a airline

:34:04. > :34:07.Thomas Cook are staging a 12 hour strike in a dispute over pay. The

:34:08. > :34:12.walk-out, which started at 3am, is by members of the British Airline

:34:13. > :34:16.Pilots Association. It is thought to be the first strike by pilots in the

:34:17. > :34:23.UK since the mid-19 70s. Union members voted 9-1 for industrial

:34:24. > :34:27.action in a turnout of 87%. An appeal by the company to overturn

:34:28. > :34:30.the result was rejected by the High Court. A 13-year-old girl who died

:34:31. > :34:38.from a brain aneurysm has helped eight different people through organ

:34:39. > :34:42.donation, a record number. Jemima Rozelle from Somerset died in 2012.

:34:43. > :34:46.Her parents said she was passionate and creative and would have been

:34:47. > :34:51.very proud of her legacy. The NHS said no other donor had helped us

:34:52. > :34:52.many people. That is a summary of the latest BBC News. Moore at ten

:34:53. > :34:53.o'clock. Venus Williams missed out on her

:34:54. > :34:58.first US Open final for 15 years. She lost to Sloane Stephen

:34:59. > :35:00.in New York last night. The world number 83 was recovering

:35:01. > :35:07.from injury in January It all means they'll

:35:08. > :35:14.be two new faces in the women's final this year -

:35:15. > :35:17.Stephens will go up against fellow American Madison keys who beat

:35:18. > :35:20.CoCo Vandeweghe who later admitted she felt "crummy" about being dumped

:35:21. > :35:26.out of the tournament. Ben Stokes says England will remain

:35:27. > :35:29.positive on day two of the final It was all going so well as he took

:35:30. > :35:34.six wickets to help bowl But England then struggled in reply

:35:35. > :35:39.- and Joe Root's side Newcastle manager Rafael Benitez

:35:40. > :35:43.will not hold his pre-match press conference later this morning ahead

:35:44. > :35:45.of Sunday's game against Swansea. He is still recovering

:35:46. > :35:48.from a hospital procedure to address an infection resulting

:35:49. > :35:58.from a previous hernia operation. From England cricketer

:35:59. > :36:03.to convicted drugs smuggler. Chris Lewis played 32 Tests and 53

:36:04. > :36:06.One-Day internationals for England after his international debut

:36:07. > :36:09.against the West Indies in 1991. He was tipped as

:36:10. > :36:13.the next Ian Botham. But 17 years later after retiring

:36:14. > :36:19.from cricket due to injury he was caught with cocaine worth

:36:20. > :36:22.more than ?140,000 in his luggage after arriving

:36:23. > :36:24.on a flight from the Caribbean He was sentenced to 13 years -

:36:25. > :36:31.and released in 2015 after serving Chris Lewis has now written

:36:32. > :36:35.a book about his life. It's called "Crazy: Road

:36:36. > :36:48.to Redemption" and he's here's How does that feel? I was watching

:36:49. > :36:53.your body language as I was reading that, to say England cricketer, you

:36:54. > :36:56.sat up tall, as soon as I said drug smuggler, your body language

:36:57. > :37:01.changed. Is it hard to hear even now? Yes, definitely. But it is just

:37:02. > :37:08.one of those things I have to get used to. The fact is, I did try to

:37:09. > :37:13.import drugs. As well as being an England cricketer, now I have the

:37:14. > :37:19.label of being a drug smuggler. It is hard to take. But it is part of

:37:20. > :37:23.the consequences of doing what I did. Let's look back at cricket,

:37:24. > :37:26.first, before we talk about that. I know one of the things you said and

:37:27. > :37:30.you write about in your book is the major impact on your career of going

:37:31. > :37:36.to the ECB and saying you were approached about match fixing in

:37:37. > :37:39.cricket. Tell us a bit about the approach, and also about the

:37:40. > :37:48.response? The approach came out of the blue. It came from somebody I

:37:49. > :37:53.had known vaguely. It was the owner of a local shop. He called and said

:37:54. > :37:56.that he had a business proposition. I went along to the meeting,

:37:57. > :38:03.eventually. The business proposition turned out to be an attempt to

:38:04. > :38:09.influence cricket matches, England against New Zealand. The only thing

:38:10. > :38:14.to do from there was to report it to the relevant authorities, which you

:38:15. > :38:20.are supposed to do. I did. I told them all that was said. But,

:38:21. > :38:30.consequently, later on, it came out that I was accusing England players,

:38:31. > :38:34.I was a Judas. Within two or three months of that happening, I was out

:38:35. > :38:38.of cricket. It is worth pointing out that further allegations were made

:38:39. > :38:41.by another person at a future date about the Indian businessman. It was

:38:42. > :38:46.investigated and no action was taken against him. Do you feel that your

:38:47. > :38:51.career was taken away from you then, as a result? No, ultimately, choices

:38:52. > :38:53.were made by me. By the end, I didn't want to be on the cricket

:38:54. > :39:03.field. Certainly, those things played a major role in it coming to

:39:04. > :39:07.an end so early. I had a contract with three years left, I was looking

:39:08. > :39:11.forward to doing that. That was going on to be a benefit. But all

:39:12. > :39:16.that happened in that year, going on to cricket feels, being booed by

:39:17. > :39:22.spectators, receiving letters, being called Judas, it became my time to

:39:23. > :39:27.leave. I didn't want to be in that environment any more. That

:39:28. > :39:36.environment, it seemed it did not want me at that time. So I left in a

:39:37. > :39:40.huff and a puff. Your career started with people saying you could be the

:39:41. > :39:44.next Ian Boulton, huge excitement and presumably pressure? Not

:39:45. > :39:49.initially. As a young man, you are quite excited, being compared to

:39:50. > :39:51.somebody you grew up watching and admired, it was certainly

:39:52. > :39:55.flattering. When it gets to the point when you are not performing

:39:56. > :40:00.like the great man, and the expectation is for you to do that,

:40:01. > :40:06.the pressure does build. I think that goes with the territory. If you

:40:07. > :40:12.want to be an elite sportsmen, or elite at anything, there is going to

:40:13. > :40:16.be pressure to perform. You got hassle in the dressing rooms, didn't

:40:17. > :40:19.you, about being a bit flash, spending too much cash, also

:40:20. > :40:25.questions about your private life, questions that maybe you were gay.

:40:26. > :40:30.You had a hard time in the dressing room? The dressing room can be a

:40:31. > :40:39.hard place. Everybody isn't all necessarily pally. There is a lot of

:40:40. > :40:44.men there, and a lot of testosterone. I think a lot of those

:40:45. > :40:48.came out, I use the word different loosely, I did things differently, I

:40:49. > :40:52.didn't go to the pub, I didn't do things that cricketers traditionally

:40:53. > :40:57.do. I have my own life away from cricket, I have my own friends away

:40:58. > :41:05.from cricket. I like dancing late at night. In that, I wasn't necessarily

:41:06. > :41:11.taking part in things that were traditionally seen as stuff for

:41:12. > :41:15.cricketers. I don't think it helps, when sometimes you take your clothes

:41:16. > :41:20.off for a woman's magazine. These are all things being seen. You did

:41:21. > :41:25.do, there was a shoot a feud months earlier, and it came out, what much

:41:26. > :41:30.was it, an important test? Just before the Test match at Lord's, the

:41:31. > :41:34.Ashes Test match. It was bad timing. In a lot of things, I use the word

:41:35. > :41:40.differently, I didn't necessarily fit the traditional mould. That was

:41:41. > :41:46.always good to be problematic going forward. So, you have had this

:41:47. > :41:50.successful career. People watching this will say how do you go from

:41:51. > :41:54.that, being an England cricketer earning a decent amount of money, to

:41:55. > :42:00.ending your career and trying to smuggle ?140,000 worth of liquid

:42:01. > :42:04.cocaine into Gatwick Airport? In my case, it probably started a long

:42:05. > :42:10.time before that. Cricket was fun, it was living the dream. But that

:42:11. > :42:13.dream was always going to end. As a sportsman, you are told that your

:42:14. > :42:17.career is only going to last for so much time. You think you understand

:42:18. > :42:20.that, but you also believe it isn't going to happen to you. In my case,

:42:21. > :42:24.I didn't actually take full advantage of the opportunity. The

:42:25. > :42:30.opportunity to learn different things, to get ready for that moment

:42:31. > :42:35.when cricket would end. Of course, I hoped that cricket would carry on

:42:36. > :42:38.longer. As with most things, it doesn't really end to your script.

:42:39. > :42:44.It ended early. What had happened is that I haven't prepared. Life after

:42:45. > :42:52.cricket became difficult very quickly. Was just a decision that

:42:53. > :42:55.you are saying? A lot of people watching this would say I have

:42:56. > :42:58.struggled to put a roof over my kid's heads, to put food on the

:42:59. > :43:03.table, I don't become a drug smuggler. What happens in your mind?

:43:04. > :43:06.I agree. Lots of people are in difficult situations and have to

:43:07. > :43:11.make difficult choices, and they don't become a drug smuggler. In my

:43:12. > :43:16.case, what happened was, over a period of time, I had left cricket

:43:17. > :43:22.sometime before, but over a period of time the worry I got myself into,

:43:23. > :43:29.in mental state, where I became that desperate. Things that I never

:43:30. > :43:33.thought of before became an option. Whether drugs were concerned, it was

:43:34. > :43:42.more an immediate thing, trying to solve a situation right there and

:43:43. > :43:45.then, and I made the wrong choices. Simply because, mentally, I was in a

:43:46. > :43:50.place where it seemed, at the time, I was not really thinking. I was

:43:51. > :43:55.more desperate and thinking properly, and made a desperate

:43:56. > :44:00.choice. The moment when you did get caught, you are talking about the

:44:01. > :44:03.concern of what your mum would think, about your brother. How did

:44:04. > :44:09.it affect your relationships, that one moment, presumably everything in

:44:10. > :44:15.your life changed? I suppose I am still assessing that. My brothers,

:44:16. > :44:19.my mum, they have been very supportive through this difficult

:44:20. > :44:23.time. Bearing in mind that I have embarrassed them and put them in a

:44:24. > :44:31.difficult situation, they have been very supportive. But as a family,

:44:32. > :44:34.people that you love, you look to get over the difficult times and

:44:35. > :44:39.move on. That is what we're doing as a family. As an older brother, my

:44:40. > :44:45.job was always to try to guide my younger siblings. Where that was

:44:46. > :44:52.concerned, I certainly got it wrong. But it is also about going back to

:44:53. > :44:57.that and taking the reins again, showing to your family and the

:44:58. > :45:01.public at large who you are and that that incident is not your defining

:45:02. > :45:07.moment. It was six and a half years of your life in prison. What was

:45:08. > :45:12.that like, being in prison, being someone who is famous, recognised,

:45:13. > :45:16.and England sportsmen? Initially it was just terrifying, until, over a

:45:17. > :45:20.period of months or even a year, you eventually find the strength to

:45:21. > :45:25.believe that, actually, I can do this. It's going to be long, it's

:45:26. > :45:28.going to be hard, but after a period of time you understand, maybe after

:45:29. > :45:33.a year or a year and a half, I can do this, if I break it down into

:45:34. > :45:37.little bits. I've already done a year, so I can do another year and

:45:38. > :45:40.get to the end. Eventually, you get to a place where you believe you can

:45:41. > :45:46.do it. At the beginning, certainly, there was not much light. Everything

:45:47. > :45:54.turned to sand, not by anybody else's hand, but my own. And you

:45:55. > :45:59.could really see's a bright spot in the sky, and eventually get a bit of

:46:00. > :46:00.hope and you can get to the end of it, and you hope that you can

:46:01. > :46:08.rebuild afterwards. Have you been able to rebuild? Can

:46:09. > :46:13.have people treated you since you came? And how is your financial

:46:14. > :46:17.situation is leaving prison? It is difficult, because of course trust

:46:18. > :46:20.has been eroded, in a number of ways. You have to rebuild trust.

:46:21. > :46:26.There are consequences of doing what I did. It means now that you're a

:46:27. > :46:31.criminal, is that potentially finding work isn't so easy, but that

:46:32. > :46:38.is part of the consequences of making those decisions. The making

:46:39. > :46:42.up after still goes on now, moving ahead still goes on now. It is a

:46:43. > :46:45.slower process than before, because there are many other things you have

:46:46. > :46:50.to consider now that you didn't before. Do you feel you have to give

:46:51. > :46:54.something back? I know you are working trying to get more young

:46:55. > :47:00.ethnic minority boys into cricket. I know you helping cricketers to

:47:01. > :47:07.prepare for life after sport. Do you feel you owe people that? I wouldn't

:47:08. > :47:11.say that I feel that I owe, but I feel as a person it is certain that

:47:12. > :47:15.the right thing to do. It is what I want to do, and it is the place I am

:47:16. > :47:19.in in my life at the moment. I have made mistakes, but through those

:47:20. > :47:23.mistakes, I have gained an awful lot of experience, and it would be a

:47:24. > :47:30.pity not to try to share that so that other people don't make the

:47:31. > :47:34.same mistakes, because all the mistakes I made were avoidable with

:47:35. > :47:37.a little thought, planning and foresight. Which you don't

:47:38. > :47:41.necessarily always have as a young person. Thank you ever so much for

:47:42. > :47:46.coming in to speak to us. I am very grateful to you by speaking to us.

:47:47. > :47:52.We have contacted the England and Wales Cricket board about the claims

:47:53. > :47:56.made by Chris Lewis is about match fixing. The ECB says many of the

:47:57. > :47:59.people involved at the time had now left the organisation. They said

:48:00. > :48:05.they would meet with Chris about his claims and discuss them in detail.

:48:06. > :48:09.They also put out that in 2010 the ECB became the first board to set up

:48:10. > :48:13.their own dedicated anti-corruption unit with monitoring of matches and

:48:14. > :48:21.advice for players about the dangers posed by the illegal betting market.

:48:22. > :48:28.Coming up: Turks and Caicos are the latest islands to feel the force of

:48:29. > :48:29.Hurricane Irma. It's supposed to be one

:48:30. > :48:31.of the greatest - and simplest - pleasures of being a parent,

:48:32. > :48:34.reading to your child. But it's thought as many

:48:35. > :48:36.as five million adults in the UK struggle with basic literacy

:48:37. > :48:39.and it's a largely hidden problem. It's an issue being highlighted

:48:40. > :48:41.today by Project Literacy - a global campaign involving more

:48:42. > :48:43.than a hundred organisations committed to ending illiteracy

:48:44. > :48:48.worldwide by 2030. Let's speak now to Sarah Todd

:48:49. > :48:53.and Donna Stayner, two mums who couldn't read

:48:54. > :48:57.but are now learning, and to Emma Buckle who's

:48:58. > :49:08.from Project Literacy. Thank you, all, for coming in. Donna

:49:09. > :49:13.and Sarah, first of all, Donna, explain to me but like many people

:49:14. > :49:17.are watching thinking, how can you go through the British school system

:49:18. > :49:23.and not be able to read? Guillemot I didn't really go through school. I

:49:24. > :49:34.left at 14. But still, 14. I got bullied a lot and moved around, so I

:49:35. > :49:37.wasn't able to learn. What about you? My dyslexia wasn't picked up

:49:38. > :49:42.until the last year before I left primary school. It was only in that

:49:43. > :49:46.last year that I realised there is something missing here and other

:49:47. > :49:50.people are able to do things I can't. What impact does it have on

:49:51. > :49:58.your day-to-day life? I was on a train a few months ago, and a man

:49:59. > :50:02.asked a lady what station we were at, and we were next to the sign,

:50:03. > :50:08.and he said, sorry, I can't read. That must be difficult. It is, yes.

:50:09. > :50:14.In your day-to-day life, if you go shopping or if you get a letter in

:50:15. > :50:19.the past to the back post, what did you do? I would handed over to my

:50:20. > :50:26.husband or another member of my family. What about you? I would

:50:27. > :50:30.cheat slightly. I would see brands and products that my parents would

:50:31. > :50:35.buy and I would know that was possibly say. When it came to the

:50:36. > :50:38.post, when I moved into my new flat, I had no idea what paperwork I was

:50:39. > :50:43.meant to fill in, what I was meant to do. A week later, my dad would

:50:44. > :50:49.visit and I would be like, I've got these letters, I don't understand

:50:50. > :50:52.and I need you to read them. He would read them and be like, you

:50:53. > :50:56.were meant to deal with them last week. And I would be like, I don't

:50:57. > :51:02.know what they say, so he would deal with all the paperwork, and it just

:51:03. > :51:10.felt like one more thing taken away from me that I'm not able to deal

:51:11. > :51:18.with. So your parents were aware - what about you, Donna? I have been

:51:19. > :51:23.down in Blandford, and I originally come from Kent, so my parents are

:51:24. > :51:28.down in Kent, so... Thank you for coming in as well, Emma. How common

:51:29. > :51:32.is this type of situation that Donna and Sarah had shared with us? A lot

:51:33. > :51:39.more common than we would imagine in the UK. Over 5 million adults who

:51:40. > :51:43.struggle with literacy in the UK, and it's a problem that they

:51:44. > :51:47.struggle with that actually has implications far beyond reading and

:51:48. > :51:51.writing, as you mentioned - the day-to-day struggles of being able

:51:52. > :51:56.to read medication or understand it, which has an impact on your health,

:51:57. > :51:59.or being able to understand transport and the impact on

:52:00. > :52:03.day-to-day getting around, or even on employability and the job

:52:04. > :52:07.opportunities you can access for the good and livelihood of your family.

:52:08. > :52:15.It is an issue that we are addressing as Project Literacy in

:52:16. > :52:21.collaboration with our partners. We're working with over 100 partners

:52:22. > :52:25.worldwide. In the UK, as I mentioned, it is an issue that is

:52:26. > :52:32.often hidden, as you mentioned. What we're trying do is to bring that to

:52:33. > :52:40.light and raise the awareness about it through Project Literacy. It is

:52:41. > :52:45.having an impact on people's learning, and that is our mission.

:52:46. > :52:52.Project Literacy really is the foundation for that. Donna, did you

:52:53. > :52:55.find it embarrassing? It was very embarrassing, and I just used to

:52:56. > :53:01.feel sick, basically, not being able to read to my children and that. And

:53:02. > :53:08.they spotted it? Nothing gets past children, does it? My oldest did,

:53:09. > :53:16.because very bright. What did he say? He said, Mum, why can't you

:53:17. > :53:24.help me with my homework? Why is it always Dad? What about you? My big

:53:25. > :53:28.bugbear was when my children were small, they bring you these lovely

:53:29. > :53:37.books and some were easy to read, but other books they would bring, I

:53:38. > :53:41.would be like, no, no, no, let's turn on the TV, and I would find

:53:42. > :53:45.something else to do because I couldn't read the stories they

:53:46. > :53:48.wanted me to, which was heartbreaking. I was a single

:53:49. > :53:51.parent, and I was the only one reading to them until my mum and dad

:53:52. > :53:56.got there, and they would be like, please, and I would be like, no. It

:53:57. > :54:00.is heartbreaking not to be able to read bedtime story to your children,

:54:01. > :54:04.or not to be able to read to them at all. Now they are at a critical age,

:54:05. > :54:10.at school, and I need to be able to read to them, and am glad I can.

:54:11. > :54:14.Before, it was heartbreaking. What was the moment that force you to

:54:15. > :54:21.say, I am going to go out and learn to read? It was going to hospital

:54:22. > :54:24.with my an 11-year-old -- with my 11-year-old, because he has a nut

:54:25. > :54:32.allergy. I felt awful taking him to the hospital and saying, he has

:54:33. > :54:41.eaten nuts again because I cannot read the ingredients on the foods to

:54:42. > :54:46.check. Did you know where to go? Not at first. I've got in touch with the

:54:47. > :54:53.children's centre in Blandford. And it is thanks to the group that I

:54:54. > :54:57.have come on so quickly. When my children first joined, they were two

:54:58. > :55:01.and a half years. They couldn't say to their mother, you need to do

:55:02. > :55:05.something about this. The Government suggest that as a single parent you

:55:06. > :55:09.don't go to work until they are five years old, but before then you go to

:55:10. > :55:14.the job centre and go to the workforce interview, where they give

:55:15. > :55:19.you options to do courses or to gain extra skills before you go into the

:55:20. > :55:23.world of work. The lady I had was lovely, her name was Carol, and she

:55:24. > :55:30.said, what do you like to do for fun? And I said, drive to the beach,

:55:31. > :55:34.followed Brown signs. She said, what is your biggest bugbear? I said, I'm

:55:35. > :55:39.not very good at cooking, looked at the floor, burst into tears. She

:55:40. > :55:43.said, what is the problem? I said, I can't read to my children, and I

:55:44. > :55:55.would love to be able to read bedtime stories to them. She said,

:55:56. > :55:59.actually, I know a charity called Read Easy, and they are amazing,

:56:00. > :56:03.take on adults who can't be, and they will take you from nothing to

:56:04. > :56:09.something. Then I met Jenny through that, and she got me a few coaches,

:56:10. > :56:14.and like I say, I have gone from being a withering old caterpillar

:56:15. > :56:18.that is stubborn and refuses to admit to being dyslexic to now, as

:56:19. > :56:22.everyone keeps on saying, this amazing, confident butterfly that is

:56:23. > :56:26.more than happy and begs my children, please, let me read to

:56:27. > :56:30.you! How long does it take to learn to read? We know that children are

:56:31. > :56:37.little sponges and pick things up really fast. My five-year-old

:56:38. > :56:43.terrifies me, she's so quick. Is it hard as an adult? I have been going

:56:44. > :56:50.on for 18 months and I'm still not quite there yet, but I find it a

:56:51. > :56:55.easier. It took me to met years, and I kept persisting. I think the thing

:56:56. > :56:59.that helped me the most was, I would start with the project, got so far,

:57:00. > :57:02.I came to my mum and dad and said, I've got something to show you. I

:57:03. > :57:07.pulled out a book and started reading, and my mum and dad were

:57:08. > :57:11.like... Every time I've done something, my mum and dad have

:57:12. > :57:14.always gone, we're really proud of you, well done. It feels really nice

:57:15. > :57:19.for me to know that someone is really proud of you, but it gave me

:57:20. > :57:24.that tiny bit more encouragement to go forward and read. When I

:57:25. > :57:30.completed it... Sorry. It was really nice. Don't apologise. One Sunday I

:57:31. > :57:33.thought, I will go to church on Sunday, and I was asked to read a

:57:34. > :57:40.passage, and I was like, I'm going to do this. Before I read, I said

:57:41. > :57:45.you'll have to excuse me if I'm wobbly, but it is the first time I

:57:46. > :57:47.have read in front of strangers in public, and afterwards they give me

:57:48. > :57:53.a round of applause, which was amazing. Anyone who has difficulty

:57:54. > :57:58.reading who is watching this only needs to listen to you to get

:57:59. > :58:03.inspiration. If there is one person sitting at home thinking, that is

:58:04. > :58:08.me, what would you say to them? Ignore the world where you they say

:58:09. > :58:13.to you, because you have an issue, you have a label. Just say, I have

:58:14. > :58:19.an issue, where can I get help from? It is out there if you speak up. You

:58:20. > :58:23.can go to your GP, go to your local centre, people are there to help

:58:24. > :58:27.you. No one will point at you and laugh. They are there with open arms

:58:28. > :58:31.and they will say, we're here, we will help you out, what do you need?

:58:32. > :58:37.It is taking the first step in having that confidence. Just like

:58:38. > :58:42.with previous issues I've had, I thought, they will laugh at me and

:58:43. > :58:45.take the Mickey out of me and go, oh, another person with an issue,

:58:46. > :58:52.and instead they were like, well done, you have taken the first step.

:58:53. > :58:55.For someone feeling a bit nervous and stubborn because of all the

:58:56. > :59:00.bullying and possibly the down comments they have had, just do it.

:59:01. > :59:04.Take that first step, get onto an organisation. People are waiting to

:59:05. > :59:08.help you. It has been an absolute pleasure to talk to. We could talk

:59:09. > :59:17.for rages, but we have to go to the weather. -- for ages.

:59:18. > :59:22.Things are feeling pretty autumnal in the next few days, low pressure

:59:23. > :59:28.in charge of the weather. It is not a complete wash-out. This picture

:59:29. > :59:33.was taken this morning on the coast of Norfolk - quite cloudy there. In

:59:34. > :59:44.Kent, Seabrook, quite a lot of rain over the canal, a great picture. --

:59:45. > :59:48.a grey picture. There are some clear spells of weather but also some

:59:49. > :59:52.shallots, even longer spells of rain across southern England and South

:59:53. > :59:56.Wales too. Showers, but brightness in between. Some could be heavy, the

:59:57. > :00:01.odd rumble of thunder, and across Scotland, we have lighter winds, so

:00:02. > :00:04.the showers will be slow moving into the afternoon. Temperatures only

:00:05. > :00:10.14-15dC, and there could be standing water on the roads. More brisk winds

:00:11. > :00:14.for Northern Ireland, so the shower was rattling through fairly quickly

:00:15. > :00:17.here will stop and it is a story of sunny spells and hit and miss

:00:18. > :00:20.scattered showers across northern England and Wales. In the

:00:21. > :00:23.south-east, you will see more persistent rain in the afternoon,

:00:24. > :00:28.with a return to sunshine and showers in the West. It will be one

:00:29. > :00:31.of those days where you have sunglasses on one minute and a

:00:32. > :00:36.brolly out the next. Across northern and western parts of the country, we

:00:37. > :00:40.will continue to see that blustery, showery theme, whereas further east,

:00:41. > :00:44.there will be light winds and drier conditions to start Saturday. In

:00:45. > :00:48.this countryside, we will see single figures first thing. Through the day

:00:49. > :00:53.on Saturday, not too bad to start off, a bit of sunshine in Scotland,

:00:54. > :00:56.southern and eastern England. Elsewhere, showers through the

:00:57. > :01:02.morning pushing to the east and becoming more widespread in the

:01:03. > :01:05.afternoon. Temperatures 15-19dC. Some brighter interludes, but you

:01:06. > :01:09.are quite likely to see a few passing shower was almost anywhere,

:01:10. > :01:14.I think. Most of them fade away overnight, with a small ledge of

:01:15. > :01:18.high pressure, which sets us up for a mainly dry start across central

:01:19. > :01:21.and eastern areas on Sunday. It is all on the change again through

:01:22. > :01:28.Sunday, as the next front moves in from the west. Things will turn

:01:29. > :01:31.wetter and windier later in the day. That unsettled theme continues into

:01:32. > :01:36.the new working week. Still rather cool and windy, with showers for

:01:37. > :01:40.Monday and juicy. That is how the weather looks in the UK. I will be

:01:41. > :01:45.back in about 15 minutes with a detailed look at Hurricane Irma.

:01:46. > :01:51.Hello, it's Friday, it's ten o'clock. Hurricane Irma continues

:01:52. > :01:53.tearing through the Caribbean. The British Overseas Territory

:01:54. > :01:56.of Turks and Caicos in the Caribbean are the latest islands to feel

:01:57. > :01:58.the force of Hurricane Irma, which is now known to have

:01:59. > :02:01.killed at least 14 people. Many Brits are stuck

:02:02. > :02:03.in the Caribbean - travel and communications

:02:04. > :02:12.in the region are We were in the bath with a mattress

:02:13. > :02:15.above us. That is how we managed to keep safe and dry. I think a lot of

:02:16. > :02:17.people were in a similar situation. We will be speaking to people

:02:18. > :02:20.affected by the strong winds that have flattened parts

:02:21. > :02:37.of the Caribbean At least six people have died as an

:02:38. > :02:41.8.2 magnitude earthquake southern Mexico. Suddenly you could feel the

:02:42. > :02:43.building with quite heavily. You could hear loud cracks in the

:02:44. > :02:51.concrete. It sounded like a giant wooden branch being broken open

:02:52. > :02:56.violently. Moving home can be stressful at the best of times, but

:02:57. > :02:59.new research suggests 250,000 private renters in England are being

:03:00. > :03:00.forced into debt because they are having to move regularly. We speak

:03:01. > :03:16.to some of them. Good morning. Now all of the news.

:03:17. > :03:22.Their Hurricane Irma has left a trail of destruction as it sweeps

:03:23. > :03:25.across the Caribbean. It is already destroyed almost all buildings on

:03:26. > :03:26.Barbuda. The Red Cross says an estimated 1.2 million people have

:03:27. > :03:32.been affected. The British Virgin islands has

:03:33. > :03:41.declared a state of emergency. Images show buildings destroyed and

:03:42. > :03:45.debris Cross streets. The governor said there were reports of

:03:46. > :03:48.casualties and fatalities and help had been requested from the UK.

:03:49. > :03:51.At least six people have died after an earthquake with a magnitude

:03:52. > :03:54.The earthquake struck off the Pacific Coast

:03:55. > :03:58.A tsunami warning has been issued for Mexico and six other

:03:59. > :04:01.Local authorities say it's the strongest quake to hit

:04:02. > :04:03.the country since the devastating 1985 tremor that brought down

:04:04. > :04:10.buildings and killed thousands of people.

:04:11. > :04:13.Young offenders from ethnic minority backgrounds will become the next

:04:14. > :04:15.generation of adult criminals unless the justice system

:04:16. > :04:18.is reformed, according to a review led by the MP David Lammy.

:04:19. > :04:20.The inquiry makes a series of recommendations -

:04:21. > :04:23.these include allowing some prosecutions to be deferred,

:04:24. > :04:26.or even dropped, if suspects get treatment for issues such as drug

:04:27. > :04:41.Jeremy Cooke from the Black Training And Enterprise Grid told the

:04:42. > :04:44.programme that we need to have the resources to make sure that people

:04:45. > :04:45.come out of prison and avoid reoffending.

:04:46. > :04:47.It's about making sure that prison officers

:04:48. > :04:50.are given the right training, the right support so they can meet

:04:51. > :04:54.individuals' needs fully so we don't have people coming out of prison

:04:55. > :04:58.and reoffending at high rates because they are black or Muslim.

:04:59. > :05:00.The Nobel prize winner Malala Yousafzai has called

:05:01. > :05:02.on the leader of Myanamar, Aung San Suu Kyi, to help

:05:03. > :05:04.the country's Rohingya Muslim minority.

:05:05. > :05:06.Thousands of Rohingya have fled because of violence.

:05:07. > :05:08.Malala called for an international response to the violence in Myanmar.

:05:09. > :05:11.She spoke to the BBC as she prepares to start

:05:12. > :05:17.A 13-year-old girl who died from a brain aneurysm has helped

:05:18. > :05:19.eight different people through organ donation - a record number.

:05:20. > :05:22.Jemima Layzell, from Somerset, died in 2012.

:05:23. > :05:25.Her parents said she was clever, compassionate and creative -

:05:26. > :05:29.and would have been "very proud of her legacy".

:05:30. > :05:31.NHS Blood and Transplant said no other donor had

:05:32. > :05:48.That is a summary of the latest BBC News. More at 10.30. A lot of you

:05:49. > :05:53.getting in touch about the conversation we were having before

:05:54. > :05:57.the news, with two mothers who have only just learned to read, because

:05:58. > :06:03.they could not read bedtime stories to their children. One tweet says,

:06:04. > :06:05.brave mums, talking about how hard it was that they could not read

:06:06. > :06:12.those books because they were illiterate. Do get in touch.

:06:13. > :06:15.use the hashtag #victorialive and If you text, you will be charged

:06:16. > :06:18.Two-time US Open winner Venus Williams has missed out

:06:19. > :06:21.on the final of the tournament after being beaten by

:06:22. > :06:25.In January Stephens was on her sofa, with a large cast

:06:26. > :06:27.on her left foot watching the Australian open on television.

:06:28. > :06:30.But yesterday she was hustling after every single ball to defeat

:06:31. > :06:48.I am super happy to be in a grand slam final. To do it here, at home,

:06:49. > :06:56.is even more special. I think this is what every player dreams about.

:06:57. > :07:02.Unfortunately, fortunately but unfortunately, I had to play Venus

:07:03. > :07:04.Williams Leeds but having four Americans in the semifinal says a

:07:05. > :07:08.lot about American tennis and where we are right

:07:09. > :07:10.Awaiting the final is Madison Keys, who crushed

:07:11. > :07:14.The pair will both be making their grand slam final debuts.

:07:15. > :07:16.The last time two Americans made the final was 15 years ago

:07:17. > :07:18.when Serena Williams beat her sister Venus.

:07:19. > :07:22.You know, these are the moments growing

:07:23. > :07:29.To be sitting here as US open finalist, it

:07:30. > :07:37.She is a close friend of mine, so to be able to play her

:07:38. > :07:41.in both of our first finals is a really special moment, especially

:07:42. > :07:44.with everything we have gone through this year.

:07:45. > :07:47.Ben Stokes reached a new career high, taking six wickets helping

:07:48. > :07:55.But England then struggled in reply - poor batting put England

:07:56. > :08:03.in trouble and Joe Root's side closed on 46 for 4.

:08:04. > :08:04.Fifa has opened disciplinary proceedings against Tottenham

:08:05. > :08:07.midfielder Dele Alli after he gestured with his middle

:08:08. > :08:10.finger during England's match against Slovakia on Monday.

:08:11. > :08:12.Television pictures showed Alli's gesture during the 2-1 World Cup

:08:13. > :08:26.The 21-year-old said it was a joke with good friend Kyle Walker.

:08:27. > :08:30.that is all from me, I will be back in 30 minutes.

:08:31. > :08:31.Hurricane scientists say they've never seen anything

:08:32. > :08:35.As Hurricane Irma hurtles through the Caribbean,

:08:36. > :08:37.with two other massive weather systems in its wake,

:08:38. > :08:38.one meteorologist described it as unparalled.

:08:39. > :08:41.This is what it looks like on the satellite.

:08:42. > :08:42.Hurricane Irma has already caused utter devastation

:08:43. > :08:44.across multiple islands, with Hurricanes Jose

:08:45. > :09:07.A Royal navy ship is now on its way to help. Ships have already stopped

:09:08. > :09:10.off to help in Anguilla, carrying engineers and marines who shored up

:09:11. > :09:15.infrastructure and repaired the airport runway. The ship will spend

:09:16. > :09:24.a day helping the British Virgin Islands, before relocating to avoid

:09:25. > :09:29.hurricane Jose. In Cuba, thousands of tourists have been moved to

:09:30. > :09:35.safety from exposed coastal resorts. In the Bahamas, people are stocking

:09:36. > :09:36.up and packing up. In Miami, preparations too.

:09:37. > :09:39.There's a state of emergency in Florida - Hurricane Irma is set

:09:40. > :09:43.These people are preparing to bunker down - while thousands of others

:09:44. > :09:46.have been clogging the roads and airports as they flee.

:09:47. > :09:51.Fergus Thomas is a humanitarian adviser and is working with the

:09:52. > :09:57.Caribbean disaster emergency management agency. Earlier he spoke

:09:58. > :10:02.to the BBC from Antigua. It has been a really split story. Mercifully, a

:10:03. > :10:07.lot of islands were untouched. This is the biggest storm that has hit

:10:08. > :10:13.the Caribbean since the beginning of storms being recorded. This is

:10:14. > :10:17.enormous. Unfortunately, as you know, some of the islands in the

:10:18. > :10:23.northern side have been really badly hit. That is Anguilla and Barbuda,

:10:24. > :10:27.and as far as we know the British Virgin Islands have also been very

:10:28. > :10:31.badly hit. There have been communication issues with those

:10:32. > :10:40.places. We are hoping to get onto the ground tomorrow, to the British

:10:41. > :10:45.Virgin Islands. The ship was in Anguilla today and delivered the

:10:46. > :10:48.first assistance. We were the first there to do an assessment. They are

:10:49. > :10:54.moving to the British Virgin Islands to get a better picture of the

:10:55. > :10:58.needs. I think we have systems up and running in terms of the

:10:59. > :11:00.assessment, and I hope we will be able to make their decisions about

:11:01. > :11:05.how we can best persist in the coming hours and dates.

:11:06. > :11:13.The UK Government has faced criticism that it has not responded

:11:14. > :11:19.quickly enough. Let's go to the Foreign Office and Matthew Thomson.

:11:20. > :11:25.What is being done to help people? Well, so far we know that Theresa

:11:26. > :11:28.May has pledged ?32 million in relief aid and currently a military

:11:29. > :11:33.task group is assembling at RAF Brize Norton. A number of C17

:11:34. > :11:37.Globemaster aircraft there are being readied, we are being told, supplied

:11:38. > :11:41.with several hundred military personnel, Royal Marines and army

:11:42. > :11:43.engineers. There will be two Puma helicopters. The first of the planes

:11:44. > :11:47.will leave this morning. We don't know it's everywhere. As you can

:11:48. > :11:50.imagine, finding a runway suitable for all of this material is quite

:11:51. > :11:55.difficult amid the widespread devastation. They will eventually be

:11:56. > :12:00.joined by the HMS Ocean, the Royal Navy flagship. It is a helicopter

:12:01. > :12:02.carrier. It has been on Nato exercises in the Mediterranean. We

:12:03. > :12:11.don't expect it will be there for another ten days, if not two weeks.

:12:12. > :12:14.As you said, there will be a join up with the Royal Fleet ship that has

:12:15. > :12:18.been there already, and is now on route to the British Virgin Islands.

:12:19. > :12:21.Earlier I spoke Carl Joseph, who's a reporter at Antigua Newsroom.

:12:22. > :12:23.Yesterday he flew he over Barbuda in a helicopter

:12:24. > :12:28.We did an overview of Barbuda and, by and large, a lot

:12:29. > :12:36.You saw large patches of water as you went, as we took that

:12:37. > :12:43.view going to the helipad in Barbuda.

:12:44. > :12:46.Also, what struck me before we even touched down was the fact

:12:47. > :12:54.There were no leaves on the trees whatsoever.

:12:55. > :12:57.The hurricane had completely ravaged not only the

:12:58. > :13:00.houses and structures but the trees on the island, so the vegetation

:13:01. > :13:05.All you saw were barks and stems, and everything just

:13:06. > :13:10.brown, so that wasn't a good sight, even

:13:11. > :13:14.before you touched down in Barbuda itself.

:13:15. > :13:17.Is there any food, any shelter, left for the people in

:13:18. > :13:24.When I went there today, as I journeyed down

:13:25. > :13:28.that main street towards the wharf...

:13:29. > :13:33.remember which year, the government had built a strong

:13:34. > :13:35.complex for fisheries, where they were supposed

:13:36. > :13:46.That is one of the main things that Barbuda does - it

:13:47. > :13:53.So they built a very strong complex to house

:13:54. > :13:59.the lobster, the fish to be exported throughout the Caribbean and the

:14:00. > :14:03.rest of the world, so a lot of people tried

:14:04. > :14:07.to make their way down to the fishers' complex.

:14:08. > :14:12.Today, when I went down there, that is where a lot

:14:13. > :14:13.of the distribution of food, water, clothes,

:14:14. > :14:23.So, if folks wanted to get stuff for their children and for

:14:24. > :14:28.their families, they would have made their way there.

:14:29. > :14:31.Most of the people were gathered there today.

:14:32. > :14:34.That is where the main sort of shelter was.

:14:35. > :14:37.I'm glad you said where the shelter is, because after the hurricane

:14:38. > :14:44.would have passed and done damage to Barbuda, if they got, like,

:14:45. > :14:46.simple drizzle or simple rain, they would get wet.

:14:47. > :15:06.With me now is Sarah Keith Lucas from the BBC weather Centre. Take us

:15:07. > :15:12.through this. We can see satellite images. That's right, it is a huge

:15:13. > :15:16.storm, about the same size as France, and it has been an extremely

:15:17. > :15:21.strong category five hurricane. In the last few hours, it has been

:15:22. > :15:26.downgraded to category four, but it is still producing winds of 155 mph,

:15:27. > :15:31.a really serious dog. You can see the size of it, and underneath, lots

:15:32. > :15:36.of small, low-lying islands dotted around. It is sitting at the moment

:15:37. > :15:41.over the Turks and Caicos Islands, bringing not just catastrophic,

:15:42. > :15:47.damaging winds, but also the heavy rainfall and that significant storm

:15:48. > :15:52.surge, which can be as high as 20 feet above sea level. The islands

:15:53. > :15:59.are very low-lying some of them, so it is the problem of severe flooding

:16:00. > :16:04.as well as winds. It is over Turks and Caicos now, but where is it

:16:05. > :16:09.heading? It is heading north west, and it has been following the focus

:16:10. > :16:13.quite well, actually. Next, it will be somewhere between Cuba and the

:16:14. > :16:18.Bahamas, so bringing those devastating winds, heavy rain and a

:16:19. > :16:21.storm surge across parts of Cuba and the Bahamas, and then pushing up

:16:22. > :16:28.towards southern Florida over the weekend. When it hits, what happens?

:16:29. > :16:31.I was talking to your colleague from the BBC weather Centre yesterday,

:16:32. > :16:36.and he said that normally when it hits the land, it slows down, but

:16:37. > :16:39.then there could be devastation of a highly populated area. There have

:16:40. > :16:44.already been evacuations across parts of southern Florida. It will

:16:45. > :16:49.weaken because the fuel source gets cut off, so it no longer has that

:16:50. > :16:54.moist, warm water it has been moving over. Once it hits land, it will

:16:55. > :17:05.weaken a little bit. It is exceptionally strong, so even if it

:17:06. > :17:08.does weaken, it will still be devastating. It looks most likely to

:17:09. > :17:10.push north across central parts of Florida, towards Georgia, and then

:17:11. > :17:14.perhaps even quite a strong storm as it hit Tennessee. The winds will

:17:15. > :17:18.start to ease as the storm moves to the north, and it will slow down a

:17:19. > :17:23.bit once it pushes its way further inland. Certainly for Florida, this

:17:24. > :17:28.could be a devastating storm. Some uncertainty about the track. It

:17:29. > :17:33.could be further east or west, but at the moment, the most likely

:17:34. > :17:37.scenario is, it will push its way north through central Florida. We

:17:38. > :17:44.are concentrating on Hurricane Irma, but there are a couple of other

:17:45. > :17:59.storms building up in the area. Hurricane Jose could hit the islands

:18:00. > :18:02.again. Hurricane Katia is moving at about 120 mph. I think it will

:18:03. > :18:11.follow fairly similar track at first. It will push north west,

:18:12. > :18:14.getting close to Antigua, by Buda as well, the areas that are just

:18:15. > :18:18.starting to clear up from Hurricane Irma will be faced with this

:18:19. > :18:21.hurricane. It probably won't make direct landfall, but whether or not

:18:22. > :18:26.it does hit the islands, it will move close by, so more strong winds

:18:27. > :18:29.and heavy rain around, really not what they need when they are

:18:30. > :18:31.starting the relief effort. Thank you ever so much for coming down to

:18:32. > :18:33.talk to us. Let's return now to our main story -

:18:34. > :18:36.that landmark report into the treatment of ethnic

:18:37. > :18:38.minorities in the justice system. It's calling for an overhaul

:18:39. > :18:41.of the way young offenders are dealt So what exactly did MP

:18:42. > :18:52.David Lammy MP's report find? But when it came to drug offences,

:18:53. > :19:30.ethnic minorities are around 240% more likely to be sent to prison

:19:31. > :19:42.compared to white offenders. Ethnic minority male prisoners

:19:43. > :19:44.are more likely to be placed for the North West of England,

:19:45. > :20:30.Patrick Williams, Senior Lecturer at Manchester Metropolitan University,

:20:31. > :20:32.Malcolm Richardson, Chairman of the Magistrates' Association,

:20:33. > :20:34.and Dal Babu, former Chief Superintendent

:20:35. > :20:47.with the Metropolitan Police. I want to start by speaking to you,

:20:48. > :20:50.Nazir. Clearly there are big issues of representation within the police

:20:51. > :20:54.and criminal justice system. Tell us about what you have experienced

:20:55. > :21:01.yourself. Thank you for having me on. I accept most of what David

:21:02. > :21:07.Lammy says. Let me start with diversity. There is not one chief

:21:08. > :21:13.constable from a menorah tea, and in the senior ranks, very few. There

:21:14. > :21:23.was one enquirer Commissioner out of 42 from a minority. -- minority. In

:21:24. > :21:28.the justice system, it is very few. The crown prosecution service gets

:21:29. > :21:34.this right, it has a very diverse workforce in the senior ranks, and I

:21:35. > :21:41.think that has an impact. If you have a diverse, more understanding

:21:42. > :21:44.justice system, you will have more understanding of the people who come

:21:45. > :21:49.before it. I had to get rid of a district judge a few years ago

:21:50. > :21:56.because he insisted that a person is called Patel should be called to

:21:57. > :22:00.give witness testimony at a short -- at short notice, and he said, surely

:22:01. > :22:07.she only works in a shop. And that is the sort of bias that the system

:22:08. > :22:12.has. You can tackle it through diversity and transparency. I am in

:22:13. > :22:18.favour of televising proceeding with safeguards. You can see what is

:22:19. > :22:21.happening and what might not be happening in court rooms, and you

:22:22. > :22:25.could understand the decisions being taken, and that could build trust,

:22:26. > :22:29.which is lacking. The trust deficit is one of the big issues in this

:22:30. > :22:37.report, isn't it? Patrick, do you think that more ethnic minority

:22:38. > :22:40.people would stand up and plead guilty if there was a greater

:22:41. > :22:43.representation, because they were trust they would get a fair

:22:44. > :22:58.sentence, rather than pleading not guilty on going before a jury, as

:22:59. > :23:02.David Lammy suggests? In my experience, the question of trust is

:23:03. > :23:11.very important. David Lammy talking about it is not a new question.

:23:12. > :23:17.Reports before have spoken about it. We recognise that there is a reality

:23:18. > :23:21.that young people from minorities will recognise that justice has been

:23:22. > :23:25.stolen from them. It is extremely difficult for them to get a similar

:23:26. > :23:30.experience of Justice compared to white counterparts. That is an

:23:31. > :23:40.important point. If you look at a number of reports, all of them are

:23:41. > :23:45.basically saying the same thing. It is about representation, increasing

:23:46. > :23:49.trust. So why is it not changing? Rain-mac Nazir's point is important.

:23:50. > :23:53.If you look at the number of chief constables, there is not a single

:23:54. > :24:01.one from an ethnic menorah tea. We had one in Kent, Mike Fuller, and he

:24:02. > :24:05.retired. -- if you look at the number of chief constables... Are

:24:06. > :24:10.there some coming through the ranks? We need to nail some of the myths.

:24:11. > :24:14.We were talking about it earlier, about the numbers of ethnic

:24:15. > :24:18.minorities going into the police. And it is tiny. In the new figures,

:24:19. > :24:21.a third of people who apply from menorah tees. Chief constables will

:24:22. > :24:25.say that people aren't coming through, but they said that when I

:24:26. > :24:33.joined the police 35 years ago. They said, we had a whole generation to

:24:34. > :24:35.change it, and here we are, a couple of generations on, and we haven't

:24:36. > :24:37.changed it. We have had a different approach when it comes to gender.

:24:38. > :24:41.The three most senior positions in policing are occupied by women. A

:24:42. > :24:45.quarter of the Chief constables in the country are now women. When I

:24:46. > :24:53.joined, we didn't have any minorities or women, so I think we

:24:54. > :24:57.need to look at some of the lessons that are there. What really worries

:24:58. > :25:02.me is that with this report, like all the others that we had, it will

:25:03. > :25:08.gather dust and we won't actually see any action. I'm just worried now

:25:09. > :25:13.that people will say, look, do we need another report? We just need to

:25:14. > :25:17.get on. If you just go back to the recommendations in any of the

:25:18. > :25:19.reports I've mentioned and say, right, we will implement those

:25:20. > :25:24.recommendations, we wouldn't be sitting here having this discussion.

:25:25. > :25:29.Can I make a point? Sorry to jump in, but there is something about the

:25:30. > :25:33.idea that if we increase the numbers of minority practitioners, this will

:25:34. > :25:38.solve the problem of bias within the system. If we look at the example of

:25:39. > :25:44.women who have taken up senior positions within the system, the

:25:45. > :25:47.experience of women who are offenders within the system is still

:25:48. > :25:53.really damaging. It has an impact on the woman herself and also her

:25:54. > :25:56.family. Let's hear from Malcolm, from the magistrates Association.

:25:57. > :26:11.Firstly, there is a better news story from us in terms of ethnic

:26:12. > :26:15.range. But there is not trust, as David Lammy were saying. They don't

:26:16. > :26:19.trust magistrates to be fair. I'm not sure he's necessarily saying

:26:20. > :26:24.that. He is saying there is a trust deficit where black men and women

:26:25. > :26:27.and Asian men and women who would plead guilty if they thought they

:26:28. > :26:31.would get a fair sentence are being put off and that is why they are

:26:32. > :26:36.going to the jury system. I accept that. What I don't necessarily

:26:37. > :26:41.accept is that that is because they don't see enough black and other

:26:42. > :26:45.ethnic minorities on the bench. We have to believe as a society that we

:26:46. > :26:52.can create a judicial system which delivers fair sentences irrelevant

:26:53. > :26:59.of the colour, gender, age or, frankly, the class of the person or

:27:00. > :27:02.the tribunal that is administering it. If we can achieve it with a

:27:03. > :27:06.jury, we can achieve it with the bench. We in the -- we thoroughly

:27:07. > :27:09.endorse what David says in the report. There is and enough evidence

:27:10. > :27:16.of what happens in the magistrates court. We don't know whether bias

:27:17. > :27:20.comes from the people coming before us from menorah to groups come with

:27:21. > :27:25.more previous convictions, come charged with more aggravated

:27:26. > :27:29.offences. We just don't know, and we need to know. I would like to raise

:27:30. > :27:34.a couple of issues, if I can. And I want to bring Nazir back in. There

:27:35. > :27:38.are 30 recommendations, a huge report. Talking about sealed

:27:39. > :27:45.criminal records, the idea that people could go and say before a

:27:46. > :27:49.judge, I am terribly remorseful, I have moved on and change, therefore

:27:50. > :27:53.employers potentially wouldn't know they had criminal records. And also

:27:54. > :27:57.the idea of prosecutions being deferred, so if you did some kind of

:27:58. > :28:01.community action, some drugs programme, you would get a reduced

:28:02. > :28:06.sentence. Some people watching would feel uncomfortable with that.

:28:07. > :28:09.Starting with the first one, I am in favour of ceiling where it is

:28:10. > :28:14.appropriate. You wouldn't do it where people have care of children,

:28:15. > :28:17.employment where they are working with vulnerable people. One of the

:28:18. > :28:20.issues is how to prevent reoffending to help people get on with their

:28:21. > :28:25.lives and rehabilitate. You have to give them the opportunity to get a

:28:26. > :28:29.job, and sadly, some employers turn off when they see previous

:28:30. > :28:36.convictions. Ceiling where judges think it is appropriate to deliver.

:28:37. > :28:44.-- to see all the previous convictions -- to seal the previous

:28:45. > :28:47.convictions. Sending someone for treatment rather than prosecuting

:28:48. > :28:52.could be an option. Sadly, the issue with that was that it was done with

:28:53. > :29:02.dozens, not hundreds in the past. There are treatment centres for

:29:03. > :29:05.mental health issues available. I am in favour of deferred prosecutions.

:29:06. > :29:10.It currently exists, would you believe, for very rich companies,

:29:11. > :29:15.because they can go to the serious fraud office and reach a deferred

:29:16. > :29:21.prosecution agreement with them which means they won't be prosecuted

:29:22. > :29:26.if they pay a huge sum. It won't help those starting on criminal

:29:27. > :29:29.careers, who have no previous convictions, who may have drug or

:29:30. > :29:33.mental health problems. If we can treat them, it is absolutely right

:29:34. > :29:36.to give them the chance. Deferred prosecution doesn't mean they won't

:29:37. > :29:40.be prosecuted, it means they won't be prosecuted unless they take the

:29:41. > :29:47.treatment and ultimately stop offended. Classes are very important

:29:48. > :29:51.factor, and I think we need to look at the deprivation element. In some

:29:52. > :29:58.ways, whether you are black or white is neither here nor there. If you

:29:59. > :30:01.are poor, you are more likely to be within the criminal justice system.

:30:02. > :30:04.One thing that worries me about the report is on the aspect that you can

:30:05. > :30:11.add two offenders, one black, one white, and you can't have the

:30:12. > :30:14.potential, if the recommendations are taken on board, and I'm not sure

:30:15. > :30:18.they will be, we had a lukewarm response from the Government. As

:30:19. > :30:21.Nazir said, this is about resourcing those additional services, and I

:30:22. > :30:29.don't think this Government has shown any desire to do that.

:30:30. > :30:34.I may have interpreted at Romilly, but what we need is support for

:30:35. > :30:38.those individuals. Class is fundamental. Whether you are black,

:30:39. > :30:44.white or Asian, if you are poor, you are more likely to be in prison. Can

:30:45. > :30:49.I make a point? Some of the analysis that David Lammy has undertaken

:30:50. > :30:53.clearly demonstrates that, like-for-like, black, Asian,

:30:54. > :30:56.minority ethnic individuals experienced the prison system

:30:57. > :30:59.differently. My argument is some of the work we have contributed to the

:31:00. > :31:05.review, the reality that, in London, the vast majority of young black men

:31:06. > :31:19.are constructed and involved as gang involved. They are then treated as

:31:20. > :31:21.joint enterprise. They can demonstrate that there are

:31:22. > :31:26.individual serving custodial sentences because they are black and

:31:27. > :31:31.because they are constructed as being in gangs. They are not guilty

:31:32. > :31:35.of offences. Going back to the trust issue, it's extremely difficult to

:31:36. > :31:39.engage in trust issues when we know the police and criminal justice

:31:40. > :31:44.systems target and respond to black and Asian minority people

:31:45. > :31:50.differently. It needs a seismic shift. Thank you for speaking to us.

:31:51. > :31:54.Let's get more on the earthquake, described by Mexico's President as

:31:55. > :32:02.the strongest in a century. At least five people have died. A tsunami

:32:03. > :32:04.warning has been issued. Joining us is Georgina, a journalist that lives

:32:05. > :32:13.in Mexico City and experienced the earthquake. First of all, tell us

:32:14. > :32:19.what your experience was. Well, hello everybody, it was pretty

:32:20. > :32:31.scary. It was a violent earthquake. Bigger than the one in 1995. It was

:32:32. > :32:42.late at night, so everybody was at home. Suddenly, you can feel this

:32:43. > :32:47.pool of air, which feels like when you are about to feel the

:32:48. > :32:53.earthquake, as you know in Mexico City, as we are. People started

:32:54. > :33:01.going out other houses. Just panicking scenes, but luckily for us

:33:02. > :33:05.there were no big casualties there. Tell us what the situation is like

:33:06. > :33:07.outside. Have you been able to go out and see the level of destruction

:33:08. > :33:16.and devastation that has been caused? In Mexico City, there was

:33:17. > :33:31.not that kind of devastation. It wasn't the south of the country,

:33:32. > :33:36.near the Pacific coast. Here in Mexico City, it was just the scare,

:33:37. > :33:44.the panicked scenes and people on the streets crying. It was a scary

:33:45. > :33:50.moment. It was violent. But that is all here. We are all just suffering

:33:51. > :33:56.because of the floods, the rainy days, because of the hurricane. We

:33:57. > :34:05.have three hurricanes in the Pacific. I think the water now is

:34:06. > :34:12.our problem. But not earthquakes. How frequent visitor to get

:34:13. > :34:18.earthquakes in Mexico City? -- How frequent is it to get earthquakes in

:34:19. > :34:28.massacre city? Depends. Two years ago, you could have won if a month.

:34:29. > :34:32.But now the last one was three months ago, the big one was three

:34:33. > :34:41.months ago. It was during the day, midday. So there was not a problem.

:34:42. > :34:51.We had a prevention culture and we used to make a lot of secure homes.

:34:52. > :34:59.That was not a problem. But this one was bigger. You still sound

:35:00. > :35:04.remarkably calm? Sorry? You sound very calm, even with everything you

:35:05. > :35:10.have experienced? As I said, we are used to this, since 1995, I was

:35:11. > :35:17.there when that big earthquake that destroyed a city happened. We are

:35:18. > :35:24.used to feeling big movements. As I said, we have this culture, a

:35:25. > :35:30.prevention culture. Anyway, if you come to me two hours ago, I was

:35:31. > :35:37.really scared. Now I am talking to you because I cannot sleep. The

:35:38. > :35:48.President, on the TV, says that we might have more replicas. So, there

:35:49. > :35:55.is a social media warning. We are waiting for another movement. But

:35:56. > :35:58.now we just try to sleep and forget it, and let's see what happens

:35:59. > :36:04.tomorrow. Georgina, thank you for talking to us. Georgina is a

:36:05. > :36:07.journalist that lives in Mexico City and experienced that it quick.

:36:08. > :36:10.Hurricane Irma has left a trail of destruction as it sweeps

:36:11. > :36:24.The small island of Barbuda is said to be barely habitable. Officials

:36:25. > :36:30.warn that Saint Martin is almost destroyed and the death toll is

:36:31. > :36:38.likely to rise. It is a category five hurricane, and currently

:36:39. > :36:47.heading towards Turks and Caicos. It sustained winds speeds of 180 mph.

:36:48. > :36:50.One of the islands in its path was the British Virgin Islands. Simon

:36:51. > :37:00.Cross told us what happened in the force of the storm. In our house,

:37:01. > :37:04.the major warning was when the skylight was blown off the roof. You

:37:05. > :37:07.could hear the wind blasting through the upstairs of the house, we

:37:08. > :37:12.thought maybe the roof was going to go. That was the main indicator,

:37:13. > :37:15.just to get the hell down stairs and into the basement, into the most

:37:16. > :37:24.secure part of the building. We had a metal shutters that had been

:37:25. > :37:26.secured. I had been pulling them around and had a lot of confidence

:37:27. > :37:30.they were going to protect the building. Next thing you know, they

:37:31. > :37:33.were ripped off the French doors that were protecting the basement

:37:34. > :37:44.bedroom down there. Ten minutes later, the other one went. You know,

:37:45. > :37:51.missiles from trees, debris, it can easily penetrate through there.

:37:52. > :37:58.Fortunately nothing happened and it held firm. When the eye came, it

:37:59. > :38:04.gave us time to re-evaluate what we can do in the meantime to get ready

:38:05. > :38:09.for the second wave. Myself and the father of the family quickly rushed

:38:10. > :38:16.upstairs and did our best to put some timber over the skylights, and

:38:17. > :38:22.we just about managed to do that and complete that before the second wave

:38:23. > :38:28.came, at which point we rushed back downstairs to our original position

:38:29. > :38:37.in the basement. The wind was scary enough that we ended up huddling. We

:38:38. > :38:46.still have a small window protected by metal shutters. These mahogany

:38:47. > :38:49.French doors, fortunately they manage to hold. But the wind is like

:38:50. > :38:55.nothing I have known in my life. It was absolutely crazy. The British

:38:56. > :38:59.relief effort is up and running. In the last few minutes Duncan Kennedy

:39:00. > :39:04.has been speaking to Brize Norton commando Group Captain Tim Jones,

:39:05. > :39:09.who says three flights will leave today. We are on board an RAF C17

:39:10. > :39:17.Globemaster. This is going to be the first aircraft that will be heading

:39:18. > :39:20.to the Caribbean with a -- aid package. It will take about

:39:21. > :39:24.lunchtime, heading to the Caribbean. It will take eight or nine hours to

:39:25. > :39:29.get there, delivering all kinds of aid to the region, hoping to get as

:39:30. > :39:32.far as the British Virgin Islands. We have to decide on the ground how

:39:33. > :39:35.and where the aid is going to be distributed. The man in charge of

:39:36. > :39:41.RAF Brize Norton is Group Captain Tim Jones. This is the first

:39:42. > :39:48.aircraft, what is going to be put on board and when is it going to go? We

:39:49. > :39:53.have three aircraft going today, and the C17 will be the first. We have

:39:54. > :39:58.Royal Marine is turning up as we speak. We are bringing water,

:39:59. > :40:02.medical aid, shelter, engineers. All the things we need to get basic

:40:03. > :40:05.support in place very quickly, then we can assess and see what further

:40:06. > :40:09.aid and support we can offer from there. Where are they heading to and

:40:10. > :40:13.what are they hoping to achieve? The aircraft will go to Barbados first.

:40:14. > :40:17.That is the plan. Barbados has not been affected by the weather so it

:40:18. > :40:23.is a great place for us to mount and assess what is going on in the

:40:24. > :40:26.British Virgin Islands. Our aim will be to get into the British Virgin

:40:27. > :40:28.Islands if we can, depending on the circumstances on the ground. If it

:40:29. > :40:33.is physically possible to get there, we will be there, for sure. Then to

:40:34. > :40:37.get that aid to the point of need, and to the people that needed, as

:40:38. > :40:42.soon as possible. The first of many flights, how may people are going on

:40:43. > :40:46.this? This morning we have in the region of 300 going. It is a big

:40:47. > :40:50.deployment. Very quick, bringing together, hard to Barbados to then

:40:51. > :40:55.take stock and see how we can get that aid and that support really

:40:56. > :41:00.effectively distributed. More support is needed. We are ready to

:41:01. > :41:03.provide it and ready to be there as long as needed. The British have

:41:04. > :41:11.been criticised for their response by the United Nations and others?

:41:12. > :41:13.Distance is not a constraint, the constraint is about understanding

:41:14. > :41:19.the situation on the ground. What we don't want to do is rush in with the

:41:20. > :41:23.wrong kind of support. It's important we understand the effects,

:41:24. > :41:26.where is open, where we can get into it safely. That is what we have been

:41:27. > :41:30.doing for the past 24 hours. Now we are ready to make the right

:41:31. > :41:33.judgments about where to deliver that aid and we will deliver it as

:41:34. > :41:37.quickly as possible. Thank you very much indeed. This aircraft we are

:41:38. > :41:41.standing on will be going in the next few hours, another later in the

:41:42. > :41:42.afternoon. Wall operational, they're hoping, sometime over the course of

:41:43. > :41:50.the next 24 hours. Lets talk to some people who have

:41:51. > :41:53.been affected, Greg Scott flew across with the Antiguan Prime

:41:54. > :42:09.Minister yesterday. I spoke to the Prime Minister after

:42:10. > :42:15.the flight and he was emotional about what he had seen. Did it

:42:16. > :42:27.affect you in a similar way? Yes, it was an emotional flight. We were

:42:28. > :42:31.both so floored I what we had seen. There was hope that Antigua would

:42:32. > :42:35.not be badly affected, the reality is different? We were hoping it

:42:36. > :42:40.would not be too bad. The helicopter with the police, five minutes ahead

:42:41. > :42:45.of us, the pilot came on and said that it was really bad and we shook

:42:46. > :42:50.our heads and said, that is not what we wanted to hear. The first thing

:42:51. > :42:56.that we saw was a resort that was just completely levelled. Most of

:42:57. > :42:59.the buildings were completely blown apart. We knew that we were in for a

:43:00. > :43:05.bad scene when we got over the village. Give us a sense of how

:43:06. > :43:10.large the area is and how long it took you to fly over, and what you

:43:11. > :43:16.saw. The flight is only about 20 minutes from Antigua in a

:43:17. > :43:21.helicopter. Initially, looking at the water, it was really

:43:22. > :43:30.interesting. It is usually a nice dark, rich blue colour. It had all

:43:31. > :43:34.of this silt bubbling up. It had really stood at the water, even

:43:35. > :43:37.though it is well over 100 feet deep between the islands. It was weird to

:43:38. > :43:46.see that. As we approached, the island was brown. It is 80 square

:43:47. > :43:52.miles, I think, in size. It is very flat. It is covered in scrub brush

:43:53. > :43:56.and everything. The scrub was just brown, there was no Green left. As

:43:57. > :43:59.you started flying over, you realised all of the leaves have been

:44:00. > :44:03.blown off, and that is what I have seen before with hurricanes. We

:44:04. > :44:07.started seeing the first structures and some of the shipping containers

:44:08. > :44:11.that people use, they have been rolled from places on the beach

:44:12. > :44:16.where construction had been going on on a new cottage or something, it

:44:17. > :44:19.had been rolled across the road and was another 100 metres to the other

:44:20. > :44:23.side of the road, laying on its side. We approached the village and

:44:24. > :44:26.we could start seeing the destruction, the rooftops gone,

:44:27. > :44:30.places where there used to be a house, it was just a pile of rubble

:44:31. > :44:35.on top of foundations, like a bomb went off. Water everywhere. That was

:44:36. > :44:43.another thing that was so weird to see. The ground is covered with this

:44:44. > :44:53.dark brown. It is clear, like dark coloured tea. The whole island has

:44:54. > :44:57.got water everywhere. I want to bring in Yuri, in the Bahamas. You

:44:58. > :44:58.are preparing for the storm. What information are you getting about

:44:59. > :45:10.the effect it might have? I want to send my condolences to the

:45:11. > :45:15.people in Mexico as well as those in Barbuda. My heart goes out to you.

:45:16. > :45:18.In the Bahamas, we are doing the regular, run-of-the-mill

:45:19. > :45:23.preparations for a storm. We have been stocking up on water and canned

:45:24. > :45:30.goods, things like that. People who don't have storm shutters, they are

:45:31. > :45:39.getting plywood and barricading the windows and doors, making sure that

:45:40. > :45:48.no flying debris comes through. Our south-eastern islands, we'd been

:45:49. > :45:59.evacuating those. We have brought those persons to the central island,

:46:00. > :46:04.where I am now. In one hurricane, one of the islands was deemed a

:46:05. > :46:08.disaster area because nothing was standing, and they still haven't

:46:09. > :46:18.recovered from that. Now we're dealing with a storm stronger than

:46:19. > :46:22.Hurricane Matthew. The last two days, we have been evacuating those

:46:23. > :46:28.south-eastern islands. They are the ones closest to the Turks and

:46:29. > :46:33.Caicos. We're just trying to see how many people we need to bring in. I

:46:34. > :46:39.want to bring in Barbie, who is joining us from Key West in Florida.

:46:40. > :46:46.I know you are with your husband. I read earlier today that Key West has

:46:47. > :46:48.been advised to evacuate or "They are on their own". But you staying

:46:49. > :47:02.put? A few days ago, we would have left,

:47:03. > :47:07.but the report is always changing. My husband is a fisherman, so we are

:47:08. > :47:10.aware of the weather. I have been here for a few years and been

:47:11. > :47:18.through a few hurricanes, none as bad as this, but we're keeping a

:47:19. > :47:26.watchful eye on it it looks like it will hit closer to the upper Keys.

:47:27. > :47:34.Our house is ten feet up. We have three generators summer ?2000 of ice

:47:35. > :47:42.from our fishing business. We are about a block in. The canal behind

:47:43. > :47:50.me leads to the ocean, one block away. We will keep a watchful eye.

:47:51. > :47:54.We are prepared as we can be. We have 90 mph winds here, but they are

:47:55. > :48:00.more worried about the storm surge. We will keep our fingers crossed and

:48:01. > :48:06.pray. The other day, when they ordered the evacuation, everybody

:48:07. > :48:11.hit the road, there were severe gas shortages, hotels were fully booked.

:48:12. > :48:16.Everybody is in a panic to get out and they don't yet know quite where

:48:17. > :48:20.it will go. Some people will watch you talking now and maybe thinking,

:48:21. > :48:27.if you have been told to leave, why on earth would you want to stay?

:48:28. > :48:33.Part of the reason is, we have five animals will stop that's not always

:48:34. > :48:38.easy to travel with. We live in a pretty secure house. It is ten feet

:48:39. > :48:47.up in the air. My husband, he has been here since he was four. We're

:48:48. > :48:51.not alone. The town is not full, but there are people who wouldn't leave,

:48:52. > :48:56.no matter what. Will you potentially move if you are told that, actually,

:48:57. > :49:03.there will be a direct hit or there is further danger? Yes, absolutely.

:49:04. > :49:13.Right now, it doesn't look that bad. We have been through 100 mph

:49:14. > :49:21.hurricanes before here. 2005, when Wilma came through. I want to get

:49:22. > :49:26.Greg's thoughts on this, because I am watching his face as you are

:49:27. > :49:33.talking, and of course, Greg has witnessed first-hand the devastation

:49:34. > :49:37.caused by Hurricane Irma in Barbuda. Greg, are you surprised that Barbie

:49:38. > :49:43.is going to stay? No, I have heard of a lot of people doing that. From

:49:44. > :49:48.what we have seen in Barbuda, the only structure is left standing are

:49:49. > :49:52.concrete structures. A couple of those had the typical galvanised

:49:53. > :49:55.roofing that they have here. I spoke to a person who built one of the

:49:56. > :49:59.houses that was still standing and I try to find out his methods and

:50:00. > :50:04.fibre roof stayed on when others didn't. But all the other houses and

:50:05. > :50:14.buildings were destroyed, what we thought were sturdy houses. -- YAG

:50:15. > :50:15.roof stayed on. Nothing stops these winds.

:50:16. > :50:26.The only structures that are intact are completely concrete. Thank you

:50:27. > :50:35.to speaking -- thank you for speaking to us. Stay safe there in

:50:36. > :50:39.the Florida Keys. We can speak to Captain Sam Shattuck, deputy chief

:50:40. > :50:43.of staff or the Royal Navy's Royal Fleet auxiliary. He is on the phone

:50:44. > :50:46.from Portsmouth. Captain, tell us a little bit about the preparations

:50:47. > :50:49.you are making right now and what you will be doing to help people

:50:50. > :51:07.affected by Hurricane Irma. Good morning. Obviously, we have RFA

:51:08. > :51:10.Mounts Bay in the region. She arrived yesterday, having already

:51:11. > :51:13.been deployed to the area, prepared for this mission as part of our

:51:14. > :51:19.commitment to the region. They are already carrying humanitarian aid

:51:20. > :51:25.stores and they have used some of those in Anguilla already. They are

:51:26. > :51:32.beginning to progress their work as they move to the British Virgin

:51:33. > :51:35.Islands. The headquarters at which I work is supporting the ship and

:51:36. > :51:38.liaising with other agencies required to make all that happened.

:51:39. > :51:45.What work will you be doing once you arrive? The ship has been engaged in

:51:46. > :51:50.reconnaissance, because it needs to understand the scope of the

:51:51. > :51:57.devastation and where it needs to focus its assistance in conjunction

:51:58. > :52:02.with the islands' management and governance. They are liaising with

:52:03. > :52:05.governors as they arrive and focusing on the usual sorts of

:52:06. > :52:09.things like infrastructure and making sure there is command and

:52:10. > :52:17.control for the islands. Do you have a sense of what you will be greeted

:52:18. > :52:25.with when you arrive? I think we have lost the line, which is

:52:26. > :52:28.unfortunate. That was captain Sam Shattuck from the Royal Navy. We

:52:29. > :52:31.will try to re-establish that in the next few minutes.

:52:32. > :52:34.Moving home can be stressful at the best of times -

:52:35. > :52:36.but new research suggests 250,000 private renters in England

:52:37. > :52:38.are being forced into debt because they are having

:52:39. > :52:41.The charity Shelter says private renting is "unstable and expensive"

:52:42. > :52:44.and to cope with multiple moves one in four are doing things

:52:45. > :52:46.like extending their overdraft or taking out payday loans.

:52:47. > :52:49.The housing charity is calling on the government to introduce

:52:50. > :52:55.Joining us now is Zack Polanski who rented for 11 years in London

:52:56. > :53:02.Adam Westwood, who was forced into debt when he had to move out

:53:03. > :53:04.of his run-down rented house with his family.

:53:05. > :53:11.And the chief executive for Shelter, Polly Neate.

:53:12. > :53:21.Thank you for coming in to talk to us. Zack, first of all, explain:

:53:22. > :53:27.Seven times in 11 years - it seems like an incredibly high amount. Why?

:53:28. > :53:34.I think the rented sector in London is a nightmare, as in many cities.

:53:35. > :53:38.There is a lack of council houses, and there was a lack of legislation

:53:39. > :53:41.on landlords, so they can be exploitative and they can add people

:53:42. > :53:45.living in overcrowded conditions. Not all landlord, but some.

:53:46. > :53:52.Governments for years have refused to build houses. We have had six

:53:53. > :53:55.Housing ministers since 2010. The last one, Gavin Barwell, lost his

:53:56. > :53:59.seat but was promoted to chief of staff. We have a new one but I think

:54:00. > :54:02.there is a lack of continuity and consistency, and I think people like

:54:03. > :54:07.myself are being affected by that. I am one of the lucky ones, too. I

:54:08. > :54:11.have a safety net of a supportive family and a good social network. If

:54:12. > :54:22.you have a family, all you have to change school for your kids, it must

:54:23. > :54:24.be a nightmare, and we need action. On a practical level, tell me the

:54:25. > :54:28.process. You are renting somewhere and you are given how much notice to

:54:29. > :54:33.leave? It depends on the landlord. It is incredibly destructive. It

:54:34. > :54:37.means days off work while you move, paying for a removal van. And being

:54:38. > :54:47.upgraded from your -- uprooted from your community is disruptive. As

:54:48. > :54:51.Sadiq Khan said, when he was elected as mayor of London, he said there

:54:52. > :54:55.would be a huge house-building operation, but he has not built a

:54:56. > :55:03.single one. Both Conservative and Labour are at fault here. By selling

:55:04. > :55:08.off the social housing, I think that means we are already putting too

:55:09. > :55:12.much pressure on an overinflated rental market. The Government needs

:55:13. > :55:19.to have a consistent approach. Polly, how often do you hear stories

:55:20. > :55:22.like that? Goodness! All the time. In our face-to-face services and on

:55:23. > :55:26.our phone lines, we are giving every day with the fact that the housing

:55:27. > :55:30.crisis is forcing people into poverty. If they weren't poor to

:55:31. > :55:37.begin with, it is this process of multiple moves, taking on debt that

:55:38. > :55:41.people then can't afford, and all because people are at the mercy of a

:55:42. > :55:48.market here, and there has got to be some protection for people in that

:55:49. > :55:52.situation. Do you have to do things, for example, where you have paid

:55:53. > :55:56.your deposit with one landlord, and do you get that back before you have

:55:57. > :56:00.to pay the next deposit? Or is that the problem, that you're talking

:56:01. > :56:05.about thousands of pounds in the case of London, to secure your next

:56:06. > :56:09.property? That is one problem, but there are also the moving costs that

:56:10. > :56:13.you never get back. Our survey finds that it is the sheer cost of

:56:14. > :56:18.multiple moves that is driving people into debt, into poverty, and

:56:19. > :56:22.that is why we say there must be five-year tenancies. It is

:56:23. > :56:25.absolutely essential. As Zak said, the root causes that there are not

:56:26. > :56:30.enough property is being built to rent. We are obsessed with

:56:31. > :56:33.homeownership. We have got to validate renting through our social

:56:34. > :56:37.policy and support it. Surely you are not saying there have to be

:56:38. > :56:42.five-year rents, because some people won't want it for that long - but

:56:43. > :56:46.there should be a choice? Absolutely, there should be the

:56:47. > :56:53.option, and a sufficient notice period. Would that help? Polly's

:56:54. > :56:56.organisation, Shelter, are doing wonderful work. If we don't build

:56:57. > :57:02.more houses, it will cause more problems. Buildings with rent

:57:03. > :57:06.controls just mean that it is harder to move people on. I want to bring

:57:07. > :57:12.in Adam, because he has just joined us. Adam, tell us your experience.

:57:13. > :57:18.Zak raised the issue of the problems with a family, and you have one.

:57:19. > :57:22.Yes, I have. Good morning. How difficult is it for you to be

:57:23. > :57:29.uprooted when you have children? The main problem is the school. With my

:57:30. > :57:34.daughter's education, we have to make sure that she has somewhere to

:57:35. > :57:37.be, so we have to find homes that are appropriate to schools. We have

:57:38. > :57:42.had the problem of not knowing where we were going to be and trying to

:57:43. > :57:47.find a school for her, then finding that when we had to move, we asked

:57:48. > :57:52.several miles away from her school. Now she is in sixth form, it is not

:57:53. > :57:58.so much of an issue any more. Historically, that was a big issue.

:57:59. > :58:02.Thank you, all, for speaking to us. A Government spokesman told us that

:58:03. > :58:07.they are banning letting fees for tenants to reduce the cost of

:58:08. > :58:09.moving, and working with the National Housing Federation British

:58:10. > :58:13.property Federation to get their members to offer family friendly

:58:14. > :58:14.tenancies of three years or more for purpose-built rental homes.

:58:15. > :58:40.It's our festival in a day. How are you, my lovelies?

:58:41. > :58:42.Join us for the biggest party of the summer,

:58:43. > :58:45.with your favourite Radio 2 presenters

:58:46. > :58:48.of some of the world's most exciting artists.