0:00:06 > 0:00:08Hello, it's Wednesday November 22nd, it's 9 o'clock,
0:00:08 > 0:00:12I'm Victoria Derbyshire, welcome to the programme.
0:00:12 > 0:00:15He's known as the Butcher of Bosnia - the commander accused of presiding
0:00:15 > 0:00:20over the killing of thousands of men and boys in Bosnia in the 1990s will
0:00:20 > 0:00:23learn his fate in the next hour, after being on trial
0:00:23 > 0:00:33for genocide for five years.
0:00:35 > 0:00:37TRANSLATION:I didn't think they would kill so many
0:00:37 > 0:00:38people, but in the end
0:00:38 > 0:00:41they even killed children - 14, 15, 16 years old -
0:00:41 > 0:00:42and men over 70.
0:00:42 > 0:00:45I couldn't believe that they would kill people like that.
0:00:45 > 0:00:48Live coverage from The Hague throughout the programme, we are
0:00:48 > 0:00:53told the verdict is due around 9:45am.
0:00:53 > 0:00:56Also the Chancellor Philip Hammond will set out the Government's
0:00:56 > 0:00:57spending plans today in his budget.
0:00:57 > 0:01:00He's under pressure even from some MPs in his own party to put
0:01:00 > 0:01:04more money into housing, schools and the NHS.
0:01:04 > 0:01:08Here is one independent expert.Now it looks like the outlook is even
0:01:08 > 0:01:13worse, his choice is Desi offset that borrowing with more austerity
0:01:13 > 0:01:18or add to and with more giveaways. A difficult decision, made worse by
0:01:18 > 0:01:23the uncertainty around Brexit and a very slim parliamentary majority.We
0:01:23 > 0:01:27will find out how you could be affected. And earlier this year one
0:01:27 > 0:01:33Paralympian made an exclusive film for you about the lack of disabled
0:01:33 > 0:01:37toilet access on trains.
0:01:37 > 0:01:38My name is Anne Wafula Strike.
0:01:38 > 0:01:40I am a Paralympian.
0:01:40 > 0:01:41I have won medals in wheelchair racing.
0:01:41 > 0:01:42I have an MBE.
0:01:42 > 0:01:50But last year I was forced to wet myself on a train.
0:01:50 > 0:01:53She has now been awarded compensation from the train company.
0:01:53 > 0:02:02We'll be talking to her a little later in the programme.
0:02:02 > 0:02:03Hello,
0:02:03 > 0:02:10welcome to the programme, we're live until 11 this morning.
0:02:10 > 0:02:12If you're watching I'm A Celebrity, as millions of us are,
0:02:12 > 0:02:14you'll know YouTuber Jack Maynard
0:02:14 > 0:02:16is out of the programme after just 72 hours.
0:02:16 > 0:02:18ITV say, "Due to circumstances outside the camp, Jack has had
0:02:18 > 0:02:20to withdraw from the show."
0:02:20 > 0:02:23We'll talk about the real reasons he's gone after 10:30 this morning.
0:02:23 > 0:02:25Here's how to get in touch today.
0:02:25 > 0:02:28Send us an email at victoria@bbc.co.uk, message us
0:02:28 > 0:02:32on Twitter or Facebook.
0:02:32 > 0:02:36Our top story today -
0:02:36 > 0:02:39in the next hour, the United Nations war crimes tribunal for the former
0:02:39 > 0:02:42Yugoslavia is due to deliver its verdict in the trial
0:02:42 > 0:02:44of Ratko Mladic, the military commander of Bosnian Serb forces
0:02:44 > 0:02:47in the 1990s.
0:02:47 > 0:02:49He faces two charges of genocide, and nine of war crimes
0:02:49 > 0:02:53and crimes against humanity.
0:02:53 > 0:02:55They include the massacre of 8,000 Muslim men
0:02:55 > 0:02:57and boys at Srebrenica.
0:02:57 > 0:03:00He denies all the charges.
0:03:00 > 0:03:04We'll bring you the verdict live and get reaction from those
0:03:04 > 0:03:11who survived what's been described by some as "ethnic cleansing".
0:03:11 > 0:03:14Here is a reminder of how his role in this devastating conflict played
0:03:14 > 0:03:16out.
0:03:16 > 0:03:19This is the man known as the Butcher of Bosnia.
0:03:19 > 0:03:23Ratko Mladic, former commander of the Bosnian Serb forces.
0:03:23 > 0:03:27In the 1990s, during the Bosnian war, men he commanded killed
0:03:27 > 0:03:29thousands of non-Serbs, and forced hundreds of thousands
0:03:29 > 0:03:33more from their homes.
0:03:33 > 0:03:35His alleged plan had been to ethnically cleanse Serbia,
0:03:35 > 0:03:44targeting Muslim Bosnians and Bosnian Serbs.
0:03:44 > 0:03:46TRANSLATION:I didn't think they would kill so many
0:03:46 > 0:03:48people, but in the end
0:03:48 > 0:03:50they even killed children - 14, 15, 16 years old -
0:03:50 > 0:03:51and men over 70.
0:03:51 > 0:03:54I couldn't believe that they would kill people like that.
0:03:54 > 0:03:56Mladic is considered to have been one of the key architects
0:03:56 > 0:04:00of the Siege of Sarajevo in 1992, in which an estimated
0:04:00 > 0:04:0410,000 people died.
0:04:04 > 0:04:11And in 1995 his forces massacred more than 8000 men and boys,
0:04:11 > 0:04:14at the supposedly UN safe haven of Srebrenica.
0:04:14 > 0:04:19Over five days, they reportedly machine-gunned them in groups
0:04:19 > 0:04:24of ten, before they were buried by bulldozers in mass graves.
0:04:24 > 0:04:27Mladic faces two counts of genocide and nine counts of war crimes
0:04:27 > 0:04:30and crimes against humanity.
0:04:30 > 0:04:34He was charged in 1995, and then went on the run for 16
0:04:34 > 0:04:37years, until finally being arrested in 2011.
0:04:37 > 0:04:41His trial began soon after, at The Hague.
0:04:41 > 0:04:47That's the place where the mass execution took place.
0:04:47 > 0:04:52I could see the lines, and rows and rows of dead bodies,
0:04:52 > 0:04:57and I just could hear moans, moans of other people
0:04:57 > 0:05:05who were wounded.
0:05:05 > 0:05:08In the Serb part of Bosnia, however, Mladic remains to many a hero.
0:05:08 > 0:05:10Today the International Criminal Tribunal for former Yugoslavia
0:05:10 > 0:05:12will deliver its verdict on Mladic, over 20 years after
0:05:12 > 0:05:18he was first charged.
0:05:18 > 0:05:24This is the scene live in The Hague. This is the presiding judge. He is
0:05:24 > 0:05:31outlining the charges, we can listen now. TRANSLATION:The accused stood
0:05:31 > 0:05:37trial for 11 crimes allegedly committed in his capacity as
0:05:37 > 0:05:43commander of the Serbian Republic, between May 12, 1992, and 30th
0:05:43 > 0:05:55November 19 95. The indictment charged, two counts of genocide and
0:05:55 > 0:06:02five counts of crimes against humanity, namely persecution,
0:06:02 > 0:06:07murder, extermination, deportation, and the inhumane act of forcible
0:06:07 > 0:06:13transfer. It also charged four can solve violations of the laws or
0:06:13 > 0:06:23customs of war, -- four counts, namely murder, acts which the
0:06:23 > 0:06:29primary purpose was to spread terror among the population, unlawful
0:06:29 > 0:06:34attacks on civilians, and the taking of hostages. The geographical scope
0:06:34 > 0:06:42of the indictment included Sarajevo, Sir Pulitzer, and 15 municipalities
0:06:42 > 0:06:50in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The prosecution alleged that the accused
0:06:50 > 0:06:57participated in four joint criminal enterprises, also known as JCEs,
0:06:57 > 0:07:06which I will summarise. First, an overarching enterprise...We will
0:07:06 > 0:07:12leave the presiding judge at the International criminal Tribunal, you
0:07:12 > 0:07:27will have seen right, Tadic - Ratko Mladic looking pretty nonchalant,
0:07:27 > 0:07:30accused of crimes against humanity. A spokesman for the tribunal says
0:07:30 > 0:07:35the judge will read that summary, it is quite long and it could take up
0:07:35 > 0:07:38to an hour, and the last few paragraphs of the summary will
0:07:38 > 0:07:44reveal whether the trial chamber has decided whether General Ratko Mladic
0:07:44 > 0:07:49is guilty or not. We will bring you those verdicts live from The Hague
0:07:49 > 0:07:54as soon as they happen and we will bring your reaction, of course. Now
0:07:54 > 0:08:02the rest of the morning 's news with Rebecca.
0:08:02 > 0:08:03Good morning.
0:08:03 > 0:08:05The Chancellor, Philip Hammond,
0:08:05 > 0:08:07will present his Budget in Parliament later.
0:08:07 > 0:08:10He'll set out what he describes as his plans to seize
0:08:10 > 0:08:12the opportunities from Brexit, while tackling deep-seated economic
0:08:12 > 0:08:13challenges in the country head on.
0:08:13 > 0:08:15Mr Hammond is under pressure to balance the books
0:08:15 > 0:08:17but also ease austerity, amid significant tensions
0:08:17 > 0:08:20within the Tory party.
0:08:20 > 0:08:27Our political correspondent Eleanor Garnier reports.
0:08:27 > 0:08:30When the Chancellor opens his red box to reveal his tax and spending
0:08:30 > 0:08:33plans, money will be tight, as the Government keeps saying.
0:08:33 > 0:08:36The Chancellor's under huge pressure to loosen the purse strings to put
0:08:36 > 0:08:40more cash into public services like the NHS.
0:08:40 > 0:08:45But few expect the Chancellor to go on a big spending spree.
0:08:45 > 0:08:49Brexit is the backdrop to everything in Westminster.
0:08:49 > 0:08:53The tensions over the talks with Brussels and division
0:08:53 > 0:08:58in government over the EU don't make the Chancellor's job any easier.
0:08:58 > 0:09:02Any controversial budget plans, like tax rises or spending cuts,
0:09:02 > 0:09:04will be a difficult sell without an overall
0:09:04 > 0:09:07majority in the Commons.
0:09:07 > 0:09:10The Tories' hope for a reboot at the general election and the party
0:09:10 > 0:09:12conference both failed.
0:09:12 > 0:09:21Now many think it's up to the Chancellor to deliver a big
0:09:21 > 0:09:24Budget that will trigger the revival that the party and the
0:09:24 > 0:09:25Prime Minister need.
0:09:25 > 0:09:27The stakes are high for the Chancellor, and with some
0:09:27 > 0:09:30in his own party wanting him sacked, any slip-ups and he could find
0:09:30 > 0:09:32himself out of a job.
0:09:32 > 0:09:34Eleanor Garnier, BBC News, Westminster.
0:09:34 > 0:09:40Let's get more from our political guru Norman Smith in Downing Street.
0:09:40 > 0:09:45As we heard, Norman, the stakes could not be higher. How much
0:09:45 > 0:09:52pressure is Mr Hammond under today? Huge pressure, not just politically
0:09:52 > 0:09:55but also personally because many Tory MPs seem to be almost taking
0:09:55 > 0:10:02the view that if Mr Hammond fails, good riddance to him. Why? Because
0:10:02 > 0:10:07of Brexit. Some view him as unduly negative and critical to Brexit and
0:10:07 > 0:10:11to be quite comfortable if he was no longer Chancellor. So he personally
0:10:11 > 0:10:15has an enormous amount riding on this budget, first to make sure
0:10:15 > 0:10:20there are no gaffes like in the last budget when there was that you turn
0:10:20 > 0:10:22over national insurance contributions, and also in terms of
0:10:22 > 0:10:28tone. They want Mr Hammond to strike a more upbeat, confident time,
0:10:28 > 0:10:32particularly about Britain's prospects once we leave the EU.
0:10:32 > 0:10:36Against that, his room for manoeuvre is incredibly constrained. Because
0:10:36 > 0:10:46there is no money. We know there is a persistent deficit, the economy is
0:10:46 > 0:10:48slowing, there's Brexit uncertainty, productivity still struggling, and
0:10:48 > 0:10:51politically the government doesn't have the majority to push through
0:10:51 > 0:10:55radical measures. So despite all the pressure on Mr Hammond to come up
0:10:55 > 0:11:00with something big, the scope for doing so is very, very tight.Will
0:11:00 > 0:11:04talk to you later, Norman, thank you.
0:11:04 > 0:11:06Uber has admitted that it concealed a massive global breach
0:11:06 > 0:11:08of the personal information of 57 million customers
0:11:08 > 0:11:12and drivers, which took place in October last year.
0:11:12 > 0:11:17The ride-sharing firm confirmed it had paid the hackers responsible
0:11:17 > 0:11:21£75,000 to delete the data, which included customer
0:11:21 > 0:11:28names, e-mail addresses and mobile phone numbers.
0:11:28 > 0:11:33Celebrations continued late into the night in Zimbabwe following the
0:11:33 > 0:11:35resignation of President Robert Mugabe. There were jubilant scenes
0:11:35 > 0:11:40on the streets after the 93-year-old confirmed that he would step down in
0:11:40 > 0:11:45a letter. It is expected that his former liberty, Emmerson Mnangagwa,
0:11:45 > 0:11:49who was sacked last week, will be sworn in as replacement -- former
0:11:49 > 0:11:56deputy.
0:11:56 > 0:11:58David Cassidy, who found fame in the television series
0:11:58 > 0:12:01The Partridge Family before going on to become a 1970s teen pop
0:12:01 > 0:12:03idol, has died at the age 67.
0:12:03 > 0:12:05He was admitted to hospital last week after suffering
0:12:05 > 0:12:06multiple organ failure.
0:12:06 > 0:12:09Earlier this year the singer said he had dementia and would stop
0:12:09 > 0:12:13touring in order to "enjoy life".
0:12:13 > 0:12:19That's a summary of the latest BBC News, more at 9:30.
0:12:19 > 0:12:26Thank you. Good morning, welcome to the programme, now the sports news.
0:12:26 > 0:12:31Will you have the radio on all night for the start of the Ashes?It's
0:12:31 > 0:12:36hard to tell, it is so late, it all begins at midnight tonight, do I
0:12:36 > 0:12:41stay up go to bed and hear about the end of it in the morning? The first
0:12:41 > 0:12:45test begins in Brisbane. Jake Ball is in the England squad, he missed
0:12:45 > 0:12:49part of the final warm up game with an ankle injury. He seems to have
0:12:49 > 0:12:54overcome it and has been chosen ahead of great Overton. Captain Joe
0:12:54 > 0:12:59Root says Jake Ball's approach on the Australia surfaces could be
0:12:59 > 0:13:03challenging for them especially if Australia don't have the opening bat
0:13:03 > 0:13:08David Warner. He has a stiff neck. They have a player on stand-by for
0:13:08 > 0:13:12him. Australia captain Steve Smith says he should be OK. We can hear
0:13:12 > 0:13:17from Joe Root about that squad selection.It wasn't an easy
0:13:17 > 0:13:20decision, I thought, Craig has come in and everything that has been
0:13:20 > 0:13:31asked of him,
0:13:39 > 0:13:42he has done brilliantly. The guys on their first tour have stood up to
0:13:42 > 0:13:44the challenge and really impressed. In that regard, it is great, because
0:13:44 > 0:13:46the whole squad seems to be performing in those warm up games
0:13:46 > 0:13:49and we build some nice momentum going in. Jake has been bowling well
0:13:49 > 0:13:52when he's had his opportunities on the tour, the way he goes about
0:13:52 > 0:13:54things and these surfaces could be really challenging for the
0:13:54 > 0:13:56Australians.Now the Champions League. I was just thinking, to
0:13:56 > 0:14:00listen to coverage, Five Live and Test match special will be on from
0:14:00 > 0:14:0411 o'clock tonight, Test match special is on Radio 4 longwave.
0:14:04 > 0:14:08Liverpool kind of imploded last night but City and Tottenham have
0:14:08 > 0:14:13won their groups.A mixed bag for British clubs in Champions League
0:14:13 > 0:14:18action. Liverpool were leading 3-0 against Sevilla at half-time but it
0:14:18 > 0:14:22was a second-half to forget when opponents pulled back three.
0:14:22 > 0:14:35Liverpool's defensive problems exposed once
0:14:40 > 0:14:42more. Manager Jurgen Klopp insists there is no problem with the
0:14:42 > 0:14:44Liverpool mentality, following the second-half collapse and
0:14:44 > 0:14:46misjudgements, if they had one they would have qualified for the
0:14:46 > 0:14:48knockout stages of the Champions League which they haven't done since
0:14:48 > 0:14:502009. Now they need to avoid defeat when they host Spartak Moscow next
0:14:50 > 0:14:54month.Two and a half times, in the second half we made a mistake that
0:14:54 > 0:14:59we did not carry on playing well, it is normal to try to control the game
0:14:59 > 0:15:04but a team like we are, we have to control the game with the ball, we
0:15:04 > 0:15:12didn't play football any more.
0:15:12 > 0:15:16An incredible comeback for Sevilla, perhaps inspired by Eduardo Brito,
0:15:16 > 0:15:21who told his players he is suffering from prostate cancer at half-time.
0:15:21 > 0:15:26-- Eduardo Berizzo. All the players rushed over to their boss when they
0:15:26 > 0:15:30scored, and just to let you know, Manchester City and Tottenham are
0:15:30 > 0:15:34both through to the knockout stages after wins last night.That must
0:15:34 > 0:15:42have been really emotional at half-time, thank you, jazz. -- Jess.
0:15:42 > 0:15:45There's only so much money to go round and the Chancellor needs
0:15:45 > 0:15:47to decide who needs it most when he delivers his
0:15:47 > 0:15:48annual Budget later.
0:15:48 > 0:15:51This year he's under pressure to fund low-cost housing
0:15:51 > 0:15:53as well as finding money for major public services such
0:15:53 > 0:15:54as the NHS and schools.
0:15:54 > 0:15:56And with a reduced parliamentary majority following this
0:15:56 > 0:15:58year's general election, and Brexit on the horizon,
0:15:58 > 0:15:59he's under more scrutiny than usual.
0:15:59 > 0:16:02John Owen has been speaking to people with strong views
0:16:02 > 0:16:03about where the money should go.
0:16:03 > 0:16:05So it's all eyes on this man.
0:16:05 > 0:16:08With a reputation for caution, he is facing calls to be radical,
0:16:08 > 0:16:12and with the levers of the Government's finances
0:16:12 > 0:16:15at his fingertips, an awful lot hinges on what he has to say.
0:16:15 > 0:16:16Today the Chancellor of the Exchequer
0:16:16 > 0:16:17will announce his Budget.
0:16:17 > 0:16:20And it's one of those big political moments that really matters,
0:16:20 > 0:16:22because we'll find out the Government's spending plans
0:16:22 > 0:16:24in all sort of areas that affect our daily lives,
0:16:24 > 0:16:25like health care and education.
0:16:25 > 0:16:28And we'll also find out what plans the Government has to make changes
0:16:28 > 0:16:30to our taxes and benefits.
0:16:30 > 0:16:32For Chancellors, Budgets are always a risky business.
0:16:32 > 0:16:34One slip could spell political catastrophe,
0:16:34 > 0:16:39but in the current climate that's truer than ever.
0:16:39 > 0:16:42Theresa May's government is desperately looking for
0:16:42 > 0:16:48a reset moment to get its ship back on course, after a botched election,
0:16:48 > 0:16:49an unhappy conference, some seemingly endless Cabinet
0:16:49 > 0:16:55infighting over Brexit, and a couple of high-profile resignations.
0:16:55 > 0:16:57So expect a lot of speculation this morning
0:16:57 > 0:17:00about what the Chancellor might or might not safe.
0:17:00 > 0:17:02But we thought we'd take a slightly different approach,
0:17:02 > 0:17:04because beneath the surface, Budgets are ultimately all about
0:17:04 > 0:17:09which arguments win out in the constant tussle for resources
0:17:09 > 0:17:13that goes on between different sectors.
0:17:13 > 0:17:16We're going to hear from people will be making an impassioned case
0:17:16 > 0:17:19for extra spending in their area of interest, to get a sense
0:17:19 > 0:17:21of the kind of arguments that the Chancellor will have been
0:17:21 > 0:17:22hearing ahead of this Budget.
0:17:22 > 0:17:25But first, we'll need to understand how much room for manoeuvre
0:17:25 > 0:17:26the Chancellor actually has.
0:17:26 > 0:17:28The Chancellor's in a very difficult position.
0:17:28 > 0:17:31The economy has grown very slowly over the last ten years.
0:17:31 > 0:17:33The deficit the Government has is bigger than
0:17:33 > 0:17:37the level the Chancellor wants, so to bring that down he had a plan
0:17:37 > 0:17:40to allow for more taxes to rise, more welfare cuts to work their way
0:17:40 > 0:17:44through, plus cuts to the budgets of many public services.
0:17:44 > 0:17:51So now it looks like the outlook for the economy has got even worse.
0:17:51 > 0:17:54His choice is does he try to offset that extra borrowing
0:17:54 > 0:17:55with more austerity?
0:17:55 > 0:17:57Does he add to it with perhaps some giveaways?
0:17:57 > 0:18:00A very difficult decision, all made on top of the uncertainty
0:18:00 > 0:18:01around Brexit, and a very slim parliamentary majority.
0:18:01 > 0:18:04So with those tough conditions in mind, where should the Chancellor
0:18:04 > 0:18:06concentrate any spending power he has?
0:18:06 > 0:18:08Well, a popular place to start might be the NHS.
0:18:08 > 0:18:11In fact, all governments say that health care is a priority,
0:18:11 > 0:18:14and this one is no exception.
0:18:14 > 0:18:16But palliative care doctor Rachel Clarke argues that the NHS
0:18:16 > 0:18:19is in urgent need of more spending.
0:18:19 > 0:18:22Right now in the NHS, conditions are as grim
0:18:22 > 0:18:26and unsafe as I have ever known them to be.
0:18:26 > 0:18:29We have the horribly familiar scenes in accident and emergency
0:18:29 > 0:18:33departments of patients lined up on trolleys in corridors,
0:18:33 > 0:18:37ambulances trapped on the hospital forecourts outside,
0:18:37 > 0:18:39unable to drop off their patients.
0:18:39 > 0:18:43People being treated in incredibly dangerous scenarios
0:18:43 > 0:18:48because there are no beds anywhere in the hospital.
0:18:48 > 0:18:50Our cancer performance statistics are right down
0:18:50 > 0:18:51at the bottom of the EU.
0:18:51 > 0:18:54Our waiting lists, we're now approaching 5 million people
0:18:54 > 0:18:55stuck on long waiting lists in this country.
0:18:55 > 0:19:00The trolley waits in A&E departments are horrendous, dangerous,
0:19:00 > 0:19:04and also getting worse and worse.
0:19:04 > 0:19:08On every conceivable metric, things are falling apart.
0:19:08 > 0:19:11The NHS is off the rails.
0:19:11 > 0:19:14The fact is, and I can say this from my own personal experience,
0:19:14 > 0:19:19conditions are just about as inhumane and unsafe
0:19:19 > 0:19:21as you could imagine right now, as we go into winter,
0:19:21 > 0:19:27and anybody from the Government who had to look into the eyes
0:19:27 > 0:19:29of patients and relatives like I do, I think,
0:19:29 > 0:19:31would hang their heads in shame.
0:19:31 > 0:19:34What we need from the Government to fix this isn't a token gesture -
0:19:34 > 0:19:37it's not a one-off tiny little amount of extra money.
0:19:37 > 0:19:46We need proper sustained investment, probably of the order
0:19:46 > 0:19:50of at least £4 billion according to best estimates.
0:19:50 > 0:19:52How about what we spend on our armed forces?
0:19:52 > 0:19:54With a new Defence Secretary recently appointed,
0:19:54 > 0:20:00will the Chancellor heed calls for more spending on the military?
0:20:00 > 0:20:03Former Royal Marine officer James Glancy
0:20:03 > 0:20:08says that a lack of investment might mean Britain is left vulnerable.
0:20:08 > 0:20:10The world is increasingly an uncertain place.
0:20:10 > 0:20:19We face a multitude of threats, whether that cyber attacks
0:20:19 > 0:20:21from state and non-state actors, and increase in
0:20:21 > 0:20:22proliferation of terrorism around the world.
0:20:22 > 0:20:24Countries like Iran, Russia, North Korea -
0:20:24 > 0:20:25they are strengthening their militaries.
0:20:25 > 0:20:27They are investing in innovation and technology.
0:20:27 > 0:20:32That mix of threats that Britain faces now and in the future,
0:20:32 > 0:20:37we simply do not have the capability to respond to all those.
0:20:37 > 0:20:42We've been salami-slicing and cutting the defence budget,
0:20:42 > 0:20:46which means all our services - the Navy, Army and the RAF -
0:20:46 > 0:20:49have less numbers, they have less equipment and they have not
0:20:49 > 0:20:52kept up with the pace of change that we are seeing globally.
0:20:52 > 0:20:54What we talk to see right now in defence from the Treasury
0:20:54 > 0:20:59is an increase in defence spending.
0:20:59 > 0:21:05A minimum of £2 billion a year for the next four years.
0:21:05 > 0:21:08The UK's housing crisis has also been creeping up
0:21:08 > 0:21:10the political agenda recently, as more and more people
0:21:10 > 0:21:14are paying high rents and are unable to raise enough money
0:21:14 > 0:21:15to get onto the property ladder.
0:21:15 > 0:21:18The Chancellor has already said that he will announce plans
0:21:18 > 0:21:21to build 300,000 homes a year, but Conservative backbencher
0:21:21 > 0:21:24and former Planning Minister Nick Boles is calling
0:21:24 > 0:21:27for more radicalism.
0:21:27 > 0:21:30We have a critical problem, which is having a huge economic
0:21:30 > 0:21:33impact, and the social impact.
0:21:33 > 0:21:34It's actually making our economy less efficient,
0:21:34 > 0:21:37and is making lives miserable, that people are not able
0:21:37 > 0:21:40to afford their own home.
0:21:40 > 0:21:45I think the fundamental problem we have is that we've been relying
0:21:45 > 0:21:47on the private-sector house-builders to build enough homes
0:21:47 > 0:21:49to meet our housing need, and our housing need is growing
0:21:49 > 0:21:51because our population is growing, partly because of ageing,
0:21:51 > 0:21:54partly because of immigration, partly because people want to move
0:21:54 > 0:22:01out from home at an earlier age.
0:22:01 > 0:22:03And we can't just rely on the private-sector
0:22:03 > 0:22:08house-builders to do it all. They've never done it all.
0:22:08 > 0:22:09Throughout the history of the country,
0:22:09 > 0:22:11since we introduced the planning system,
0:22:11 > 0:22:16they've only ever done a share of it.
0:22:16 > 0:22:21What we need is for government to get back into the business
0:22:21 > 0:22:25of building substantial numbers of houses every year, so what
0:22:25 > 0:22:29I'm proposing is that we create a new Grenfell Housing Commission -
0:22:29 > 0:22:32called that obviously as a memorial to the people who died
0:22:32 > 0:22:34in the Grenfell Tower fire - which would actually
0:22:34 > 0:22:41commission 50,000 new affordable homes every year.
0:22:41 > 0:22:44And by affordable I mean genuinely affordable,
0:22:44 > 0:22:47like council houses and flats, homes that people who are
0:22:47 > 0:22:49working in, say, the NHS can afford to move into,
0:22:49 > 0:22:59and eventually hopefully to buy.
0:23:00 > 0:23:02Of the many arguments over resources being had around Whitehall
0:23:02 > 0:23:05at the moment, none have been more fierce than those relating
0:23:05 > 0:23:08to the Government's flagship welfare reform, universal credit.
0:23:08 > 0:23:11The Government has merged six benefits into one to simplify
0:23:11 > 0:23:14the system, and promised that there are new approach will make work pay
0:23:14 > 0:23:15for claimants.
0:23:15 > 0:23:18But critics, like Shadow Work and Pensions Secretary Debbie Abrahams,
0:23:18 > 0:23:21argue that long waiting times for payments, and less generosity
0:23:21 > 0:23:24in the system as a whole, are causing misery.
0:23:24 > 0:23:26Rumour has it that the Chancellor will make some concessions in this
0:23:26 > 0:23:31area today, but don't bet on them being enough to silence critics.
0:23:31 > 0:23:33There are about 600,000 people
0:23:33 > 0:23:35who are on universal credit at the moment.
0:23:35 > 0:23:37Over the winter, that's going to increase to a million,
0:23:37 > 0:23:40so that's not insignificant in terms of the numbers involved there.
0:23:40 > 0:23:43And as it's being rolled out we are hearing about more and more
0:23:43 > 0:23:47issues that relate to it, so for example the Child Poverty
0:23:47 > 0:23:51Action Group charity published evidence last week that's estimating
0:23:51 > 0:23:59by 2020 an additional 1 million children, including 300,000
0:23:59 > 0:24:03children under five, will be pushed into poverty.
0:24:03 > 0:24:05Now that is, you know, for the fifth richest country
0:24:05 > 0:24:07in the world, that's an absolute travesty.
0:24:07 > 0:24:10And there are also going to be 900,000 working-age adults
0:24:10 > 0:24:14who will be affected as well.
0:24:14 > 0:24:17So this is a government policy which is actually leading to debts,
0:24:17 > 0:24:20to evictions, the poverty.
0:24:20 > 0:24:23We need to recognise that universal credit
0:24:23 > 0:24:26is for people who are out of work, but also people in work.
0:24:26 > 0:24:29We have seen massive increases in people who are in work
0:24:29 > 0:24:33who are living in poverty, so there are about 7.5 million
0:24:33 > 0:24:38people in work in poverty. That's at record levels.
0:24:38 > 0:24:41We know that we have a dysfunctional labour market.
0:24:41 > 0:24:46We have the ongoing issues around low pay.
0:24:46 > 0:24:49We haven't seen a proper pay rise in ten years, and on top
0:24:49 > 0:24:56of that we have a dysfunctional social security system.
0:24:56 > 0:24:59So the social security system, including universal credit,
0:24:59 > 0:25:03is meant to be there as a safety net, and it's not doing that.
0:25:03 > 0:25:07And, as I say, if we recognise that we do not find it acceptable
0:25:07 > 0:25:09for people in work to be living in poverty,
0:25:09 > 0:25:14for their children to be living in poverty, then we need to do
0:25:14 > 0:25:17something about it, and I know from speaking to people,
0:25:17 > 0:25:19and also from the evidence, that the majority of people
0:25:19 > 0:25:25find this totally unacceptable, and feel that there should be this
0:25:25 > 0:25:33safety net, and it's not there.
0:25:33 > 0:25:36And so on all of these areas, and many more, the Chancellor
0:25:36 > 0:25:40is under intense pressure to loosen the purse strings.
0:25:40 > 0:25:45But with the public finances still not the best of health,
0:25:45 > 0:25:47and economists at least predicting a rocky road ahead as Britain leaves
0:25:47 > 0:25:50the EU, the Chancellor might not have the flexibility
0:25:50 > 0:25:51that he would ideally want.
0:25:51 > 0:26:01Nonetheless, we'll see later today what he considers
0:26:03 > 0:26:06Let's speak now to Bim Afolami, who is a Conservative MP,
0:26:06 > 0:26:09Rushanara Ali, Labour MP and Member of the Treasury Select Committee,
0:26:09 > 0:26:11and Alison Thewliss MP, who is the SNP's
0:26:11 > 0:26:18Treasury spokesperson.
0:26:18 > 0:26:22Let we start with you, Mr Afolami, doesn't the general election results
0:26:22 > 0:26:26suggest there are great swathes of the British public that wants to see
0:26:26 > 0:26:32an injection of cash into the NHS, and borrowing to fund building more
0:26:32 > 0:26:36houses? They are tired of austerity. I don't think that is necessarily
0:26:36 > 0:26:41wrong. What we need to do with his Budget, and over the next few years,
0:26:41 > 0:26:48is to move beyond austerity and move into a period of greater growth, but
0:26:48 > 0:26:52more investment, taking a balanced approach, but making sure the
0:26:52 > 0:26:55deficit falls year on year, and I hope this will be the start of that
0:26:55 > 0:27:01process.Widdop fund investment with borrowing or cutting taxes?It
0:27:01 > 0:27:08depends what you are investing in. Let's say housing.There is a
0:27:08 > 0:27:12mixture between, you know, the supply-side plans aren't planning
0:27:12 > 0:27:17and regulatory things to increase house-building by private
0:27:17 > 0:27:20house-builders, but also, yes, we should maybe look at central
0:27:20 > 0:27:25government or local government being able to borrow in order to invest to
0:27:25 > 0:27:28build housing, with assets on the balance sheet, not liabilities.You
0:27:28 > 0:27:38would go for that as a Labour MP, wouldn't you?It is right to borrow
0:27:38 > 0:27:42for infrastructure, Sajid Javid has asked for 50 billion or so, because
0:27:42 > 0:27:45of the Government is serious about tackling the housing crisis, they
0:27:45 > 0:27:51need to be building 300,000 homes a year. That hasn't happened. In
0:27:51 > 0:27:56London, we have a massive housing crisis, we want more freedoms for
0:27:56 > 0:28:00councils to be able to build, and for an injection of resources, but
0:28:00 > 0:28:04also, importantly, to make sure the status of EU migrant is addressed.
0:28:04 > 0:28:11You have got 100,000 EU migrant is working in construction in London
0:28:11 > 0:28:15alone, so the housing sector needs an injection of funding, but also
0:28:15 > 0:28:21the supply of labour to deal with the need for housing.He is not
0:28:21 > 0:28:26going to address that.But there is a broader issue about uncertainty
0:28:26 > 0:28:31around Brexit, but also the economic climate, and we need more investment
0:28:31 > 0:28:37in housing, but also policing, where violent crime has gone up over the
0:28:37 > 0:28:40last few years, but also the policing cuts in London, in the face
0:28:40 > 0:28:45of terrorism and other threats, where we face £400 million worth of
0:28:45 > 0:28:50cuts, that is going to do serious damage to the service in London. And
0:28:50 > 0:28:54around the country. So I will be looking for an investment in
0:28:54 > 0:28:57policing, reversing cuts in education funding, where there is
0:28:57 > 0:29:03still a black hole of £200 billion, as well as investing in housing and
0:29:03 > 0:29:08the NHS.Universal credit, if I may talk to you about that, your party
0:29:08 > 0:29:14once the roll-out altered until what you call fundamental flaws have been
0:29:14 > 0:29:19fixed. Now, he might be, it is suggested, announcing something
0:29:19 > 0:29:25today to reduce the delay from six weeks to possibly four or five.That
0:29:25 > 0:29:31would help but not fix the problems, which are mostly to do with the
0:29:31 > 0:29:35amount of money that people are getting - it does not pay people to
0:29:35 > 0:29:40go out and work, because it is a benefit that you can get when you
0:29:40 > 0:29:43are working, and it is squeezing people so much that they are being
0:29:43 > 0:29:47forced to go to foodbanks, and it is causing huge problems in terms of
0:29:47 > 0:29:51housing areas. Because people have to wait for the money, they are
0:29:51 > 0:29:57going into huge housing debt of over £1000.Do you acknowledging has been
0:29:57 > 0:30:03a success in terms of getting people more people back into work and then
0:30:03 > 0:30:06staying in work longer?There is not a huge mud of evidence to support
0:30:06 > 0:30:11that. Weather has been an increase, it has been pretty marginal, and the
0:30:11 > 0:30:15cost to everyone else has been pretty huge, and it is driving
0:30:15 > 0:30:19people to foodbank use, which has soared under this government, now
0:30:19 > 0:30:25more than a million parcels being given out every year.You know the
0:30:25 > 0:30:29DWP will say there are, likes reasons for that. The want to see
0:30:29 > 0:30:34some help for people who are waiting a long time to get that?The first
0:30:34 > 0:30:38thing to say is that the concept of wrapping all these very conflict
0:30:38 > 0:30:42benefits into one is one supported by all major parties, and all the
0:30:42 > 0:30:44people who look at this in the sector. I do think it is important
0:30:44 > 0:30:49that we can move the six weeks weight down to four or five, I think
0:30:49 > 0:30:53that would help. But also the Government has taken a pretty
0:30:53 > 0:30:56sensible approach, usually these projects are rolled out too quickly
0:30:56 > 0:31:00and screwed up as a result, but we are doing it slowly and
0:31:00 > 0:31:08proportionately to adapt it as it is being rolled out over time.
0:31:08 > 0:31:13It hasn't been adapting well enough, if you look at the problem in
0:31:13 > 0:31:16Inverness, as the leader of the Highland Council and an MP they have
0:31:16 > 0:31:20seen that lessons have not been learned and people are still facing
0:31:20 > 0:31:27torturous weights, being forced into poverty, forced to go to food banks
0:31:27 > 0:31:32and losing tenancy as a result of how Universal Credit works.Is the
0:31:32 > 0:31:36Labour MP, the Chancellor is under pressure from many in his own party
0:31:36 > 0:31:42as well as opposition politicians. Why is it, when in every opinion
0:31:42 > 0:31:46poll when people are asked who they trust to run the economy it is
0:31:46 > 0:31:49Theresa May and Philip Hammond rather than Jeremy Corbyn and John
0:31:49 > 0:31:55McDonnell?There is each concern about this government. Because they
0:31:55 > 0:32:00have been busy infighting. -- huge concern.Yet they are still more
0:32:00 > 0:32:08trusted than Labour?I would take issue with that.Every single pole!
0:32:08 > 0:32:12They are reacting, not being strategic about the needs of this
0:32:12 > 0:32:17country and Brexit negotiations are about internal warfare...Does that
0:32:17 > 0:32:22not interest you?That is what the public are concerned about. They are
0:32:22 > 0:32:28worried about their families, their livelihoods, this government are not
0:32:28 > 0:32:35concerned about that, they are just concerned with staying in power.May
0:32:35 > 0:32:40finish the question? Theresa May and Philip Hammond are trusted in every
0:32:40 > 0:32:46opinion poll more than Labour.The opinion poll said Mrs May would get
0:32:46 > 0:32:50huge majority in the general election and she didn't, she got
0:32:50 > 0:32:54hung parliament. I am simply saying that of course we must work hard to
0:32:54 > 0:32:58win the trust of the people in order to win an election. Sadly we did not
0:32:58 > 0:33:02but neither did Theresa May, she got a hung parliament. I think we should
0:33:02 > 0:33:08take opinion polls with a big pinch of salt.We have a lot of nurses and
0:33:08 > 0:33:16students watch this programme. Should the nurses pay cap be lifted?
0:33:16 > 0:33:19A lot of nurses and students watch this programme. Should the nurses
0:33:19 > 0:33:21pay cap be lifted? I hope the government, in the budget, will lift
0:33:21 > 0:33:24this idea of universal pay cap across all the public sector. If it
0:33:24 > 0:33:26were up to me and I would prioritise the lowest paid public sector
0:33:26 > 0:33:31workers, a lot of nurses would fit into that, I don't think we should
0:33:31 > 0:33:37raise levels at all levels.Students pay up to 6.1% interest on student
0:33:37 > 0:33:41loans when the Bank of England base rate is 1.5%. The Tories really have
0:33:41 > 0:33:47a problem with young people, that would address that.It would but
0:33:47 > 0:33:51what is more important is to get the system right and working.In the
0:33:51 > 0:33:55meantime you could reduce that interest rate.I think we should
0:33:55 > 0:33:59look at the system in the round and over time the system won't work from
0:33:59 > 0:34:03the government, from the Treasury's perspective we can't get repayments
0:34:03 > 0:34:09up to a certain level and I think the interest rate being 6.1% is not
0:34:09 > 0:34:15necessarily helpful to that. The government says it will do to issue
0:34:15 > 0:34:20fees reviews and I hope to be part of that and I hope we can get a more
0:34:20 > 0:34:25sensible outcome.Thank you for coming on the programme. Coverage on
0:34:25 > 0:34:29BBC News of the budget which will be after PMQs. Coming up in the next
0:34:29 > 0:34:31half-hour.
0:34:31 > 0:34:34He was known as the "Butcher of Bosnia" - we'll have more
0:34:34 > 0:34:37coverage from The Hague this morning as Ratko Mladic learns his fate.
0:34:37 > 0:34:42There is the presiding judge. He is going to the charges. He will be due
0:34:42 > 0:34:48to speak for about 45 minutes to one hour and after that period he will
0:34:48 > 0:34:55let us know whether the chamber has found Ratko Mladic guilty of
0:34:55 > 0:35:00genocide and crimes against humanity.
0:35:00 > 0:35:03And a race against time - more on the Argentinian navy
0:35:03 > 0:35:06submarine that's been missing for nearly a week.
0:35:06 > 0:35:08Time for the latest news, here's Rebecca.
0:35:08 > 0:35:10The BBC News headlines this morning.
0:35:10 > 0:35:12An international war crimes court in The Hague
0:35:12 > 0:35:18is delivering its verdict in the genocide trial
0:35:18 > 0:35:20of Ratko Mladic.
0:35:20 > 0:35:22Mladic, the military commander of Bosnian Serb forces
0:35:22 > 0:35:24in the 1990s, has denied charges of genocide, war
0:35:24 > 0:35:32crimes and crimes against humanity.
0:35:32 > 0:35:34He's accused of being responsible for the massacre of 8,000
0:35:34 > 0:35:44Muslim men and boys at Srebrenica in 1995.
0:35:47 > 0:35:49Zimbabwe state TV reports that Emmerson Mnangagwa will be sworn in
0:35:49 > 0:35:52as the next president.
0:35:52 > 0:35:54Celebrations continued late into the night in Zimbabwe
0:35:54 > 0:35:56following the resignation of President Robert Mugabe.
0:35:56 > 0:35:58There were jubilant scenes on the streets after the 93-year-old
0:35:58 > 0:36:02confirmed that he would step down in a letter.
0:36:02 > 0:36:06Emmerson Mnangagwa was the deputy of Robert Mugabe before he was sacked,
0:36:06 > 0:36:10prompting the military to intervene.
0:36:10 > 0:36:12The Chancellor, Philip Hammond, will present his Budget
0:36:12 > 0:36:13in Parliament today.
0:36:13 > 0:36:15His statement comes amid pressure to announce
0:36:15 > 0:36:17far-reaching measures to tackle the housing shortage, put more money
0:36:17 > 0:36:18into the NHS and ease austerity.
0:36:18 > 0:36:21He's expected to say the UK must "seize the opportunities"
0:36:21 > 0:36:23from Brexit, while tackling economic challenges "head on".
0:36:23 > 0:36:25Nearly a week after an Argentine navy submarine disappeared
0:36:25 > 0:36:29in the southern Atlantic, officials are worried about oxygen
0:36:29 > 0:36:32levels inside for the 44 crew members on board.
0:36:32 > 0:36:35It's understood better weather is helping the search effort
0:36:35 > 0:36:38for the San Juan submarine which disappeared last
0:36:38 > 0:36:43Wednesday after reporting an electrical breakdown.
0:36:43 > 0:36:47But officials say if the sub has been unable to rise to the surface
0:36:47 > 0:36:51it would be near the end of its seven-day oxygen supply.
0:36:51 > 0:36:56Uber has admitted it concealed a massive global breach
0:36:56 > 0:37:00of the personal information of 57 million customers
0:37:00 > 0:37:02and drivers, which took place in October last year.
0:37:02 > 0:37:06The ride-sharing firm confirmed it had paid
0:37:06 > 0:37:10the hackers responsible £75,000 to delete
0:37:10 > 0:37:12the data, which included customer names, email addresses
0:37:12 > 0:37:14and mobile phone numbers.
0:37:14 > 0:37:17David Cassidy, who found fame in the television series
0:37:17 > 0:37:20The Partridge Family before going on to become a 1970s teen pop
0:37:20 > 0:37:25idol, has died at the age 67.
0:37:25 > 0:37:27He was admitted to hospital last week after suffering
0:37:27 > 0:37:31multiple organ failure.
0:37:31 > 0:37:34Earlier this year the singer said he had dementia and would stop
0:37:34 > 0:37:40touring in order to "enjoy life".
0:37:40 > 0:37:45That's a summary of the latest BBC News.
0:37:45 > 0:37:50Thank you very much. The Ashes begin tonight, you may know that already.
0:37:50 > 0:37:54Jess is here with the sport. That's what our start, England have
0:37:54 > 0:37:58announced their team before the first Ashes Test in Brisbane at
0:37:58 > 0:38:02midnight tonight. Jake Ball, the seam bowler, is included over Craig
0:38:02 > 0:38:07Overton after overcoming an ankle injury. Second-half collapse as
0:38:07 > 0:38:11Liverpool throw away a 3-goal lead in a 3-3 draw with similar in the
0:38:11 > 0:38:17Champions League group stages, which delays their possible qualification
0:38:17 > 0:38:22in the last 16. Todd did Dortmund so they are through to the knockout
0:38:22 > 0:38:25stages top of their group. Manchester City are also true.
0:38:25 > 0:38:31England women's captain Sarah Hunter celebrated her latest cap with a
0:38:31 > 0:38:34victory at Twickenham, the win secures them the series. That is all
0:38:34 > 0:38:44the sport for now. A judge at the war crimes tribunal this at and
0:38:44 > 0:38:48landing charges against the former wartime general Ratko Mladic. He is
0:38:48 > 0:38:53accused of ordering the killing of 8000 and Muslim men and boys in the
0:38:53 > 0:39:01town of Srebrenica in the 1990s. TRANSLATION:The members of the
0:39:01 > 0:39:12overarching joint criminal enterprise
0:39:14 > 0:39:22included several generals. Many of the charged crimes were committed by
0:39:22 > 0:39:25units used as tools in furtherance of the overarching joint criminal
0:39:25 > 0:39:32enterprise. These included members of the CRS and territorial defence
0:39:32 > 0:39:40and of the supervision of the Bosnian Serb defence minister.
0:39:40 > 0:39:43Various paramilitary groups and members of regional municipal
0:39:43 > 0:39:57authorities. We now turn to the accused's responsibility for the
0:39:57 > 0:40:04crimes found to have been committed. To determine the contribution of the
0:40:04 > 0:40:10accused chamber considered the acts of the accused during the existence
0:40:10 > 0:40:20of the overarching JCE in particular given many of the principal
0:40:20 > 0:40:29perpetrators of the crimes were members of the VRS. Between May 1992
0:40:29 > 0:40:35and 1995 the accused issued orders which established and organised the
0:40:35 > 0:40:45VRS and its organs. The accused was also closely involved with VRS
0:40:45 > 0:40:50operations...I have been asked by the accused if you may use the
0:40:50 > 0:40:59bathroom.Yes. I will first finish my sentence, and then we will take a
0:40:59 > 0:41:10break for five minutes. I started my sentence by saying the accused was
0:41:10 > 0:41:16also closely involved in VRS operations as evidenced by regular
0:41:16 > 0:41:24briefings, meetings and inspections, and issued orders and operational
0:41:24 > 0:41:28directives to its units as well as other groups. We will take a short
0:41:28 > 0:41:35break, and we will resume at a quarter to 11 o'clock.That will be
0:41:35 > 0:41:39quarter to ten UK time, we will be back life at the tribunal, the
0:41:39 > 0:41:43International criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia in the next
0:41:43 > 0:41:55few minutes. Let me introduce you to my guest.
0:41:55 > 0:42:02Let's talk now to Nedzad Avdic, who you just saw in that film.
0:42:02 > 0:42:06He's one one of few men to survive Srebrenica but lost his dad
0:42:06 > 0:42:07and uncle in the massacre.
0:42:07 > 0:42:08And Safet Vukalic, whose brother and father
0:42:08 > 0:42:11got sent to concentration camps and survived.
0:42:11 > 0:42:19I will ask you both, how significant is this day for you?It is very
0:42:19 > 0:42:24significant. One of the main reasons is that the world seems to be
0:42:24 > 0:42:27talking just about the genocide in Srebrenica and most people just
0:42:27 > 0:42:33think there was one incident, yet this was happening for three and a
0:42:33 > 0:42:39half years all-around Bosnia. The obvious thing about Srebrenica was
0:42:39 > 0:42:45how fast it happened. Just over a week, 8000 people killed, the manner
0:42:45 > 0:42:51in which it was done, and the fact that they were protected by the
0:42:51 > 0:42:55United Nations, it deserves a special place in history. But I hope
0:42:55 > 0:43:02these proceedings will bring more information to people to actually
0:43:02 > 0:43:05come and eventually say that the genocide happened in the whole of
0:43:05 > 0:43:11Bosnia. That is the main outcome we are looking for.OK. Nedzad, how
0:43:11 > 0:43:17significant is this day for you?It is a very important day for all of
0:43:17 > 0:43:31us. This verdict comes very late, unfortunately for many victims. But
0:43:31 > 0:43:36I want to emphasise that this is very important, this is an
0:43:36 > 0:43:44historical day for us and for our country. This verdict is not only
0:43:44 > 0:43:49for general Mladic, he is not important in this case, because he
0:43:49 > 0:43:57is almost half a dead man. He pretends that he is crazy, that he
0:43:57 > 0:44:03doesn't remember anything, and we cannot recognise him, and his
0:44:03 > 0:44:13arrogance but I have to say, this verdict will have historical
0:44:13 > 0:44:17significance and will have a huge impact here in Bosnia on our
0:44:17 > 0:44:32situation. But if we want to say something about justice, if we look
0:44:32 > 0:44:42at Mladic on one side, an old man, and on the other side, I have
0:44:42 > 0:44:45destroyed country, a divided country, and catastrophic
0:44:45 > 0:44:49consequences that he left, -- a half destroyed country, justice is a
0:44:49 > 0:44:54relative thing that the victims. But I must say that the verdict is very
0:44:54 > 0:45:06important. And I hope it will help us move forward.OK.
0:45:06 > 0:45:10I want to ask you, Safet, you talked about the manner in which people
0:45:10 > 0:45:15were killed in Srebrenica, and while the UN were supposed to be
0:45:15 > 0:45:24protecting those men and boys. There will be younger members of our
0:45:24 > 0:45:30audience who will ask how that happened.If you ask people after
0:45:30 > 0:45:36World War II, will we have genocide and concentration camps, they would
0:45:36 > 0:45:41say no way. But Srebrenica was supposedly protected by the United
0:45:41 > 0:45:44Nations, and they have the world behind them, and they just let it
0:45:44 > 0:45:50happen. We watched, and we could not believe that they just stood aside.
0:45:50 > 0:45:56This was preplanned, it did not happen in one hour, the Serbs just
0:45:56 > 0:46:03ran in. They could have stopped it. Even when they went into Srebrenica,
0:46:03 > 0:46:06they could have prevented those thousands of people perishing. There
0:46:06 > 0:46:10are still mothers looking for bodies, remains, thousands of people
0:46:10 > 0:46:16have not been found yet. One of my neighbours, half of his body has
0:46:16 > 0:46:22been found. His parents never found the rest, his mother has died, she
0:46:22 > 0:46:29did not manage to bury him properly. Thousands across Bosnia. With the UN
0:46:29 > 0:46:33protection, it happened, and the world has got a lot to make up for
0:46:33 > 0:46:36in Bosnia. And Europe has to stand up and start doing what is right,
0:46:36 > 0:46:43not allowing... I mean, talking about justice, the trial, and this
0:46:43 > 0:46:48is one man - it is what they have created in Radovan Karadzic and
0:46:48 > 0:46:56other leaders, with the help from Serbia, because it was the Serbian
0:46:56 > 0:46:59Yugoslav army then, they try to take Slovenia, Croatia, than Bosnia.
0:46:59 > 0:47:04There is a common link, there is no excuses for people to say that
0:47:04 > 0:47:09Serbia was not involved - they were, and their country has been
0:47:09 > 0:47:20legalised. I would say, if you can get a around you,, kill these other
0:47:20 > 0:47:25religions, we will recognise you, we will allow you to participate in the
0:47:25 > 0:47:31United Nations and represent. I mean, we have people who do not
0:47:31 > 0:47:37recognise Bosnia as a country, Republika Srpska is always denying
0:47:37 > 0:47:43genocide in Srebrenica.We have seen other military and political leaders
0:47:43 > 0:47:48go on trial for war crimes during the Bosnian war, and they have
0:47:48 > 0:47:52received guilty verdict and sentences of anything from five and
0:47:52 > 0:48:01up to 40 years, two life sentences. What are you expecting today?In
0:48:01 > 0:48:05terms of years, I am not thinking about it too much. I think the years
0:48:05 > 0:48:10are irrelevant in a sense, it is more relevant what comes out, what
0:48:10 > 0:48:15the world finally admits. We know what happened. My father was in
0:48:15 > 0:48:18three concentration camps, my brother was in two. I have spoken
0:48:18 > 0:48:25about it many times, Nedzad survived mass killing. And those things need
0:48:25 > 0:48:28to be written in history, people need to start learning that, as much
0:48:28 > 0:48:33as about the Holocaust. Bosnia is so important because of the Holocaust.
0:48:33 > 0:48:38We need to be minded of the Holocaust because of Bosnia. The two
0:48:38 > 0:48:42are so linked.You say these things need to be written in history, and
0:48:42 > 0:48:49yet it was only 20 years ago. Absolutely, Europe was trying to
0:48:49 > 0:48:52unite more, to have free movement, free trade and all those other
0:48:52 > 0:48:56things, and this was happening in the backyard, part of their home,
0:48:56 > 0:49:00this is Europe, we are in Europe, but we were left for three and a
0:49:00 > 0:49:04half years while these things were going on. There wasn't excuses,
0:49:04 > 0:49:08because the video came out, it went to the whole world, all the
0:49:08 > 0:49:17concentration camps in 1992, Srebrenica happened in 1985.Nedzad,
0:49:17 > 0:49:23we are going to go back live to the tribunal, when they reconvene, and
0:49:23 > 0:49:29we will have more time to talk after we hear the verdicts, of course. But
0:49:29 > 0:49:33at 17, you effectively thought your life was over. Tell our audience
0:49:33 > 0:49:47what happened.It is... It is a long story. But I have to say that at the
0:49:47 > 0:49:56time, until that moment, I was accustomed on many massacres, I saw
0:49:56 > 0:50:01many massacres everywhere. My relatives, so many relatives,
0:50:01 > 0:50:08neighbours, schoolmates, I saw everything, but I was not ready for
0:50:08 > 0:50:20that what happened in July of 1995, because nobody could imagine that. I
0:50:20 > 0:50:25could imagine that they could kill one man, ten men, hundred men, but
0:50:25 > 0:50:34to kill all of us I couldn't believe, and we were loaded on the
0:50:34 > 0:50:40trucks. After we were taking to the school and prison, they promised us
0:50:40 > 0:50:45that we would be with our families in the next days, but it wasn't the
0:50:45 > 0:50:53truth. They had a clear plan for us. They had prepared locations for us.
0:50:53 > 0:51:02They had opened schools and houses, furniture for us, they had dug
0:51:02 > 0:51:11graves, mass graves. They had ready trucks, buses, with all the
0:51:11 > 0:51:16machinery that was included in that, and a no-one can say it is such an
0:51:16 > 0:51:26incident. It was planned, and they had a clear plan for us. They didn't
0:51:26 > 0:51:40ask even for our names. And as soon as they started the killing, when I
0:51:40 > 0:51:46was taken to the place for the mass execution, I was shocked there, and
0:51:46 > 0:51:55I don't remember if I lost consciousness there. -- shot.How
0:51:55 > 0:52:06did you survive?But when somebody ask Smee how that happened, I say,
0:52:06 > 0:52:15God saved me. There was no chance to survive, but when they left, they
0:52:15 > 0:52:24left me for dead, they didn't know if I was alive. Yet they left the
0:52:24 > 0:52:34place, and after that I tried to turn my head, because I have lost
0:52:34 > 0:52:43much of my blood, I was stumbling. But in one moment, I noticed someone
0:52:43 > 0:52:51was moving in front of me, and that was another survivor, and I asked
0:52:51 > 0:53:00him, are you alive? He said, yes, we helped each other and managed to
0:53:00 > 0:53:11escape before the
0:53:12 > 0:53:17next truck arrived, and after that came days of suffering. What I saw
0:53:17 > 0:53:25the day after the massacre, one kilometre distance, I saw those
0:53:25 > 0:53:33which collected the dead bodies and put them on the trucks to take them
0:53:33 > 0:53:38to the mass grave. It was a horrible scene to see, and I never, never
0:53:38 > 0:53:49ever could imagine such a scene. And from that place, I saw all the
0:53:49 > 0:53:57brutality, what they were ready to do without any reason, without any
0:53:57 > 0:54:07justified reason, just because of dirty political goals. And...Sorry
0:54:07 > 0:54:16to interrupt you. You cannot see Safet, who is sitting here, but you
0:54:16 > 0:54:19are finding this incredibly moving, incredibly distressing, as Nedzad is
0:54:19 > 0:54:26describing what happened. The presiding judge at the tribunal has
0:54:26 > 0:54:29been talking through some of the things that Nedzad is telling us
0:54:29 > 0:54:36today. In terms of his summing up before we hear the verdicts, which
0:54:36 > 0:54:40are due any time soon, we are told. Thank you so much for the moment,
0:54:40 > 0:54:45both of you, we really appreciate you, particularly as we can see how
0:54:45 > 0:54:49distressing it is. We really appreciate you educating our
0:54:49 > 0:54:53audience about what you have experienced. We will come back to
0:54:53 > 0:55:00you, of course, when we hear the verdicts.
0:55:00 > 0:55:03An Argentinian navy submarine that's been missing for nearly a week
0:55:03 > 0:55:05could be about to run out of oxygen.
0:55:05 > 0:55:07An urgent multinational search is under way to try
0:55:07 > 0:55:11and save the 44-member crew off Argentina's South Atlantic coast.
0:55:11 > 0:55:17The navy lost contact with the ARA San Juan submarine on November 15th,
0:55:17 > 0:55:19just after the vessel's captain reported a failure
0:55:19 > 0:55:23in the battery system while it was submerged.
0:55:23 > 0:55:25If sub has been unable to surface,
0:55:25 > 0:55:29the oxygen might last only seven days.
0:55:29 > 0:55:31Let's talk now to Ryan Ramsey,
0:55:31 > 0:55:33he's a former submarine captain who used to train crew and captains
0:55:33 > 0:55:38in how to deal with emergency situations.
0:55:38 > 0:55:40Captain Dan Conley also joins us from Bristol.
0:55:40 > 0:55:45He is a retired submariner who headed up
0:55:45 > 0:55:51the Royal Navy submarine escape and rescue operation.
0:55:51 > 0:55:56Hello, both of you, thank you very much for talking to us. I know that
0:55:56 > 0:56:00when you first heard the news about this Argentinian submarine, it
0:56:00 > 0:56:04reminded you of an incident in Northern Ireland - what happened
0:56:04 > 0:56:09there?So a Canadian submarine had just finished its training and was
0:56:09 > 0:56:13on its way back to Canada after completing that, and they took some
0:56:13 > 0:56:22water into the hull which said off some electrical failures and fires,
0:56:22 > 0:56:26and it was lucky that the Royal Navy and the Canadian navy were able to
0:56:26 > 0:56:31respond so quickly. One person lost their lives, but everyone else was
0:56:31 > 0:56:35saved and the submarine was brought back.If this submarine is stuck on
0:56:35 > 0:56:43the sea bed, what will those on board the trying to do?Well, it has
0:56:43 > 0:56:51now been missing six days, and they will be very much still alive,
0:56:51 > 0:56:55trying to conserve the oxygen and the life-support systems. But very
0:56:55 > 0:57:04regrettably, in there was no signal from the satellite alert beacons,
0:57:04 > 0:57:11and I think sadly it is probably very likely that was caused by a
0:57:11 > 0:57:17battery explosion or a serious flood, and they did report that they
0:57:17 > 0:57:24had battery problems last week.How pessimistic are you?I am very
0:57:24 > 0:57:32pessimistic. I think, if they were still alive, I think they would have
0:57:32 > 0:57:37managed to somehow contact the rescue forces. The other possibility
0:57:37 > 0:57:43is that the submarine is well over the South American continental shelf
0:57:43 > 0:57:49in the deepwater and has gone below its crushed depth, in which case
0:57:49 > 0:57:55inevitably the crew will have perished.Ryan Ramsey, how do you
0:57:55 > 0:58:01react to that?I think our thoughts must go out to the, thoughts and
0:58:01 > 0:58:06prayers to the families associated with the crew. It is impressive that
0:58:06 > 0:58:09the entire international submarine community is focused on this, and we
0:58:09 > 0:58:13must have some hope. I do agree, though, that if it is over the
0:58:13 > 0:58:17continental shelf, there is no hope, unfortunately. If it is within that,
0:58:17 > 0:58:24we are reaching the far point being able to intervene and save if they
0:58:24 > 0:58:29are on the sea bed.I have heard what you have both said - if they
0:58:29 > 0:58:34were to be found, if they were alive, how would they be extracted
0:58:34 > 0:58:39from that scenario?So there is a variety of rescue systems, I know
0:58:39 > 0:58:43that the US have deployed their rescue system, the Royal Navy has
0:58:43 > 0:58:47deployed the parachute action group, they are in the Falkland islands
0:58:47 > 0:58:51ready to go. If it is on the continental shelf, within two metres
0:58:51 > 0:58:56of the water, then they can get down and get to them, but they have got
0:58:56 > 0:59:00to locate it first, and so far we have no idea where it is, so that is
0:59:00 > 0:59:05a real challenge in itself.Thank you very much, thank you, Ryan
0:59:05 > 0:59:15Ramsey, former submarine captain, and Dan Conley, retired submariner.
0:59:15 > 0:59:20Before the news and sport, the weather.
0:59:21 > 0:59:25Big increases and a sharp cuts, not talking about the Budget, our
0:59:25 > 0:59:29weather is going to give some strong winds through today, increasing as
0:59:29 > 0:59:36the day goes on and overnight, and the cuts are the temperatures,
0:59:36 > 0:59:42getting colder by the end of the week. Heavy rain across Northern
0:59:42 > 0:59:44Ireland, Wales, north-west England and the south-west Scotland, and as
0:59:44 > 0:59:50that moves into northern Scotland, there will be snow falling here.
0:59:50 > 0:59:53Further south and east, dry and bright, still very mild,
0:59:53 > 0:59:57temperatures up to 15 or 16. Overnight and eight, strong winds
0:59:57 > 1:00:02transferring eastwards across England and Wales, still some
1:00:02 > 1:00:05outbreaks of rain at times, increasingly snow at lower levels
1:00:05 > 1:00:10during Thursday morning. We could see as much as 2-5 centimetres of
1:00:10 > 1:00:14snow in northern Scotland at lower levels, more than that of our high
1:00:14 > 1:00:20ground. That will ease off during Thursday, and then for many of us a
1:00:20 > 1:00:23dry day, sunshine, showers in northern and western areas, but
1:00:23 > 1:00:29noticeably colder in the north and west, 6-9 Celsius. Still holding
1:00:29 > 1:00:32onto the milder weather towards the south-east.
1:00:32 > 1:00:34Hello, it's Wednesday November 22nd, it's 10 o'clock,
1:00:34 > 1:00:36I'm Victoria Derbyshire.
1:00:36 > 1:00:40The former Bosnian Serb commander, Ratko Mladic, nicknamed "the butcher
1:00:40 > 1:00:43of Bosnia" waits to learn his fate.
1:00:43 > 1:00:45He has denied charges of genocide, war crimes
1:00:45 > 1:00:55and crimes against humanity.
1:00:55 > 1:00:59The chamber found that the Bosnian Serb forces engaged in operations to
1:00:59 > 1:01:06murder thousands of Muslims from Srebrenica, with intent to commit
1:01:06 > 1:01:11the crime of persecution.Some of those murder incidents were found to
1:01:11 > 1:01:19constitute extermination.We will bring you the verdicts live as soon
1:01:19 > 1:01:27as they come in.
1:01:27 > 1:01:29Also this morning, as the Chancellor prepares to set
1:01:29 > 1:01:32out his spending plans - he's under serious pressure to ease
1:01:32 > 1:01:34austerity AND balance the books.
1:01:34 > 1:01:40Housing and policing should be his priorities, says one MP.We need
1:01:40 > 1:01:44much more in housing but also policing, where violent crime has
1:01:44 > 1:01:49gone up since the last few years, also the policing cuts in London in
1:01:49 > 1:01:55the face of terrorism.
1:01:55 > 1:02:00"Completely robbed of her dignity" we hear from the Paralympian
1:02:00 > 1:02:03and disability rights campaigner Anne Wafula Strike, who has won
1:02:03 > 1:02:05a financial settlement after being forced to wet herself
1:02:05 > 1:02:06on a CrossCountry train.
1:02:06 > 1:02:07My name is Anne Wafula Strike.
1:02:07 > 1:02:08I am a Paralympian.
1:02:08 > 1:02:11I have won medals in wheelchair racing.
1:02:11 > 1:02:14I have an MBE.
1:02:14 > 1:02:21But last year I was forced to wet myself on a train.
1:02:21 > 1:02:30We will be speaking to her live in the next hour of the programme.
1:02:30 > 1:02:31Good morning.
1:02:31 > 1:02:34Here's Rebecca in the BBC Newsroom with a summary of today's news.
1:02:34 > 1:02:36Good morning.
1:02:36 > 1:02:38An international war crimes court in the Hague
1:02:38 > 1:02:40is delivering its verdict in the genocide trial
1:02:40 > 1:02:44of Ratko Mladic.
1:02:44 > 1:02:52Mladic, the military commander of Bosnian Serb forces
1:02:52 > 1:02:55in the 1990s, has denied charges of genocide, war
1:02:55 > 1:03:01crimes and crimes against humanity.
1:03:01 > 1:03:04He's accused of being responsible for the massacre of 8,000
1:03:04 > 1:03:06Muslim men and boys at Srebrenica in 1995.
1:03:06 > 1:03:08The judge has been detailing the charges that Ratko Mladic
1:03:08 > 1:03:11had been tried for.
1:03:11 > 1:03:13The chamber found that Bosnian Serb forces engaged in an operation to
1:03:13 > 1:03:19murder thousands of Muslims from Srebrenica with intent so as to
1:03:19 > 1:03:25commit the crime of persecution. Some of those murders, and murder
1:03:25 > 1:03:28incidents, were found to constitute extermination.
1:03:28 > 1:03:30The Chancellor, Philip Hammond, will present his Budget
1:03:30 > 1:03:33in Parliament today.
1:03:33 > 1:03:35His statement comes amid pressure to announce
1:03:35 > 1:03:38far-reaching measures to tackle the housing shortage, put more money
1:03:38 > 1:03:39into the NHS and ease austerity.
1:03:39 > 1:03:43He's expected to say the UK must "seize the opportunities"
1:03:43 > 1:03:48from Brexit, while tackling economic challenges "head on".
1:03:48 > 1:03:50Emmerson Mnangagwa will be sworn is as president
1:03:50 > 1:04:00of Zimbabwe on Friday, according to the state broadcaster.
1:04:02 > 1:04:08Emmerson Mnangagwa is due to return to the country dated today just over
1:04:08 > 1:04:14two weeks since he was dismissed as vice president by Robert Mugabe. The
1:04:14 > 1:04:17sacking triggered the military intervention which led to the
1:04:17 > 1:04:22resignation of Robert Mugabe yesterday.
1:04:22 > 1:04:26Uber has admitted it concealed a massive global breach
1:04:26 > 1:04:27of the personal information of 57 million customers
1:04:27 > 1:04:33and drivers, which took place in October last year.
1:04:33 > 1:04:43The ride-sharing firm confirmed it had paid the hackers
1:04:46 > 1:04:50responsible £75,000 to delete the data.
1:04:50 > 1:04:55That's a summary of the latest BBC News - more at 10.30.
1:04:55 > 1:04:59Thank you very much. We will be back soon at The Hague where we await the
1:04:59 > 1:05:06verdicts on the former Bosnian Serb commander, Ratko Mladic. They are
1:05:06 > 1:05:09due to reconvene at quarter past ten, we are told. Before that, the
1:05:09 > 1:05:13sport.
1:05:13 > 1:05:16The Ashes begin tonight, you may know that already.
1:05:16 > 1:05:17England have announced
1:05:17 > 1:05:18their team before the
1:05:18 > 1:05:20first Ashes Test in Brisbane at midnight tonight.
1:05:20 > 1:05:23Jake Ball, the seam bowler, is included over Craig
1:05:23 > 1:05:24Overton after overcoming an ankle injury.
1:05:24 > 1:05:28Joe Root says his performances could be challenging for the Australians
1:05:28 > 1:05:34especially if they are without opening batsman David Warner who has
1:05:34 > 1:05:37a stiff neck. A player is on stand-by for him, Aussie captain
1:05:37 > 1:05:41Steve Smith says he should be able to play. That sera from both
1:05:41 > 1:05:47captains.Not an easy decision, Craig has come into the squad and
1:05:47 > 1:05:51everything he has done, everything asked of him, he's done brilliantly,
1:05:51 > 1:05:56the new guys have stood up to the pressure brilliantly. It is great
1:05:56 > 1:05:59because the whole squad seems to be performing in the warm up games and
1:05:59 > 1:06:02we've built some good momentum going in. Jake has bowled well when he's
1:06:02 > 1:06:07had his opportunities, and the way he goes about things on these
1:06:07 > 1:06:11services could be really challenging for the Australians.I think there's
1:06:11 > 1:06:14always pressure going into an Ashes Series especially when you are
1:06:14 > 1:06:20playing at home. We don't need to put any more pressure on ourselves,
1:06:20 > 1:06:24if that makes sense. It's still just another game of cricket and we have
1:06:24 > 1:06:28to come out here and make sure we are playing well from the first
1:06:28 > 1:06:32ball, playing well in that first session, making sure that we are in
1:06:32 > 1:06:37the contest.Not long to go, you can listen to the build-up from 11
1:06:37 > 1:06:45o'clock tonight on BBC radio five Life. Victoria. Thank you.
1:06:45 > 1:06:46We'll hear later this morning the government's
1:06:46 > 1:06:48plans for the economy.
1:06:48 > 1:06:51The Chancellor's budget speech is being seen as a huge
1:06:51 > 1:06:53moment for him personally and for the government,
1:06:53 > 1:06:55as economic growth is slowing and uncertainty over Brexit
1:06:55 > 1:06:57is unsettling businesses and consumers, leaving the cautious
1:06:57 > 1:06:58Philip Hammond limited room for manoeuvre.
1:06:58 > 1:07:01But before we get into all that, let's take a look at
1:07:01 > 1:07:03what the government currently spends on what.
1:07:03 > 1:07:04John Owen has this:
1:07:04 > 1:07:06The Government currently takes in around £744 billion in taxes.
1:07:06 > 1:07:09Let's imagine that this £1 note from the board game Monopoly
1:07:09 > 1:07:10is in fact £1 billion.
1:07:10 > 1:07:14This is the total amount of money that the UK Government takes
1:07:14 > 1:07:15in, in taxes per year.
1:07:15 > 1:07:17So, how is it currently spent?
1:07:17 > 1:07:20The single biggest spending area at a total cost of around
1:07:20 > 1:07:23£245 billion is what the Government calls social protection.
1:07:23 > 1:07:26That includes pensions, which is by far the biggest slice,
1:07:26 > 1:07:28and benefit payments.
1:07:28 > 1:07:32Most of which are paid to people in work.
1:07:32 > 1:07:33Next up is healthcare at £149 billion.
1:07:33 > 1:07:37That includes everything that we spend on the NHS.
1:07:37 > 1:07:40That's followed by education, schools and universities,
1:07:40 > 1:07:45coming in at around £102 billion.
1:07:45 > 1:07:47And then there's defence, that's all the money for the Army,
1:07:47 > 1:07:49Air Force and Navy, plus the intelligence
1:07:49 > 1:07:51and Security Services, that all swallows up
1:07:51 > 1:07:55about £48 billion.
1:07:55 > 1:07:59Transport takes up about £37 billion.
1:07:59 > 1:08:02Then you've got public order and safety, that includes the police
1:08:02 > 1:08:06and that takes up about £34 billion.
1:08:06 > 1:08:11Housing and the environment, £36 billion.
1:08:11 > 1:08:15Here is one to keep in mind - at £46 billion, the amount we spend
1:08:15 > 1:08:18on interest payments to service our national debt is more
1:08:18 > 1:08:24than we spend on the police, on housing and the environment,
1:08:24 > 1:08:26on transport, and it's money that we can't spend in other areas.
1:08:26 > 1:08:29Now, here is the problem - when you add up the money
1:08:29 > 1:08:32that we spend on the rest, including all of our EU transactions,
1:08:32 > 1:08:35the money we spend on international development, the total comes out
1:08:35 > 1:08:36at about £802 billion.
1:08:36 > 1:08:38And we don't quite have enough
1:08:38 > 1:08:40in our tax pile to pay for it.
1:08:40 > 1:08:44Fortunately, the Government has a trick up its sleeve, borrowing.
1:08:44 > 1:08:47The Government borrows the rest of the money it needs to make up
1:08:47 > 1:08:53all of its spending commitments.
1:08:53 > 1:08:59The difference between what the Government takes in in tax
1:08:59 > 1:09:01and what it spends is called the deficit, and at the time
1:09:01 > 1:09:05of the last Budget it was predicted to be around £58 billion this year.
1:09:05 > 1:09:08So, using the rest of the total tax take, plus the money we borrowed,
1:09:08 > 1:09:10we can make up all the other spending commitments
1:09:10 > 1:09:13that the government currently has.
1:09:13 > 1:09:19Let's speak now to three women who span different generations
1:09:19 > 1:09:22and backgrounds to talk about what matters to them,
1:09:22 > 1:09:24and what they'd like to see in the budget.
1:09:24 > 1:09:25Toluwa Agboola is a student.
1:09:25 > 1:09:27Margaret Dangoor, a pensioner who cares for her husband.
1:09:27 > 1:09:32And Julia Streets, an entrepreneur and small business owner.
1:09:32 > 1:09:35Welcome, all of you, thank you for coming on the programme. Let me ask
1:09:35 > 1:09:40each of you what matters to you, Toluwa, as the Chancellor delivers
1:09:40 > 1:09:47his budget.As a student, student finance, student loans and housing
1:09:47 > 1:09:51as well, in central London housing prices are incredibly expensive.
1:09:51 > 1:09:58Those over two primary things. Renting particularly.Yes, buying is
1:09:58 > 1:10:04quite a way of considering how complicated that is at the moment.
1:10:04 > 1:10:09Margaret, hello.Yes, for me it is about social care but also about
1:10:09 > 1:10:14housing for the young. That's such a crucial area to think about. My
1:10:14 > 1:10:21concentration would be on health and social care.Julia?For me it is all
1:10:21 > 1:10:26about stability, looking at Brexit, there's so much uncertainty, I'm
1:10:26 > 1:10:31concerned about some of the VAT rates, and a bit concerned about
1:10:31 > 1:10:35investment in small enterprises but for me it is about keeping it stable
1:10:35 > 1:10:40because who knows what the future looks like.I am interested to hear
1:10:40 > 1:10:47you say you worry about housing costs for people like our student
1:10:47 > 1:10:51here. There's been a lot of discussion about intergenerational
1:10:51 > 1:10:59unfairness or fairness. Do people like Toluwa have it harder than you
1:10:59 > 1:11:04did...?It's very different. I have been married 50 years but it was
1:11:04 > 1:11:11hard for us them. We didn't get help from our parents, we were expected
1:11:11 > 1:11:17to go out and earn a living. In our take women's salary income wasn't
1:11:17 > 1:11:20taken into consideration with mortgages. It was the husband's
1:11:20 > 1:11:26salary. And we were not well off. The average middle-class couple
1:11:26 > 1:11:34would be working hard and even then, before I look back at my parents, I
1:11:34 > 1:11:39can well remember their situation. Write to the generations in
1:11:39 > 1:11:44different ways, most of us have founded a hard struggle to get on
1:11:44 > 1:11:50the housing ladder, even more so now.Do you accept that?Absolutely.
1:11:50 > 1:11:56It has a lot to do with contacts. What is difficult for me now was
1:11:56 > 1:12:03different from what was hard for you but...Or relative. Although in
1:12:03 > 1:12:10state pensions are protected by the so-called triple lock in a way that
1:12:10 > 1:12:16we have seen rent rises, house prices go up, education maintenance
1:12:16 > 1:12:23grants cut, in a way that pensioners haven't seen.I think it is a
1:12:23 > 1:12:27difficult dilemma because when you are older you do spend quite a bit
1:12:27 > 1:12:35and just existing! I work part-time. But most of us are not earning,
1:12:35 > 1:12:41living on past savings. I need more heating. The husband is in advanced
1:12:41 > 1:12:46dementia now. I have a problem with circulation so you are spending more
1:12:46 > 1:12:53on the essentials of life. We have to look at people as individuals
1:12:53 > 1:13:00really, travelling through life, and look at the issues at each stage of
1:13:00 > 1:13:05our lives.She is so sensible! I love a sensible woman, I must be
1:13:05 > 1:13:09honest. You talk about uncertainty as a small-business owner. What can
1:13:09 > 1:13:15the say today to calm nerves as we approach Brexit -- what can the
1:13:15 > 1:13:24Chancellor say.How long has he got! It's a good question. For me, I
1:13:24 > 1:13:29don't want to repeat myself, but don't do anything radical. Be
1:13:29 > 1:13:33interesting, we talk about business, intergenerational, I see new
1:13:33 > 1:13:38business models developing so technology, thinking about how
1:13:38 > 1:13:41Britain could become more competitive, that is what I do all
1:13:41 > 1:13:47day, work with entrepreneurs who are innovating.About money that you
1:13:47 > 1:13:50would like to see interested, how would you raise that money. Would
1:13:50 > 1:13:55you want him to borrow it because it is for investment, the Bank of
1:13:55 > 1:14:00England base rate is so low. Would you want to raise taxes somewhere to
1:14:00 > 1:14:06finance that, or see him make Bob cuts?Personally, I don't think
1:14:06 > 1:14:11cutting is the way to go. There is the opportunity to look, but look
1:14:11 > 1:14:21conservatively with a small c across-the-board. Growth
1:14:21 > 1:14:24expectations down even though borrowing rates are falling so to
1:14:24 > 1:14:27think about investing in new talents and skills, we need to be looking
1:14:27 > 1:14:32five years I had on that.We would you get the money from? You make
1:14:32 > 1:14:38these decisions on a smaller level. Do you borrow? Should the Chancellor
1:14:38 > 1:14:46borrow? Do you reduce your head count?In my business, it is we do
1:14:46 > 1:14:52you find the cuts, I don't think cuts the way to go. There's room to
1:14:52 > 1:14:56look for tax manoeuvre but nothing radical. Yesterday evening we were
1:14:56 > 1:15:02talking about, are we jumping from 80% VAT rate down to 20% to be in
1:15:02 > 1:15:05line with Europe, that's a radical shift that would impact small
1:15:05 > 1:15:10businesses like my business massively. I think there probably is
1:15:10 > 1:15:18some room for manoeuvre.Did you say 80%?I should be clear, from £80,000
1:15:18 > 1:15:23of income, when you pay VAT on that, jumping it down to 20 is the
1:15:23 > 1:15:27threshold. That is a radical move. It would impact small businesses and
1:15:27 > 1:15:31also where we are in the freelance economy where a lot of women going
1:15:31 > 1:15:35into work will have to look after children are looking at other models
1:15:35 > 1:15:40of working. That is a real direct impact on getting people to work
1:15:40 > 1:15:46around innovation and enterprise.
1:15:46 > 1:15:51do you feel optimistic about your future?I mean, I think I do. Part
1:15:51 > 1:15:56of the problem is just where we are economically, so forces that are
1:15:56 > 1:16:02affecting the economy, and there is definitely hope that will improve
1:16:02 > 1:16:06and we will have more money to spend on things, like student loans,
1:16:06 > 1:16:13housing and investing in housing, so I am not a believer that this is
1:16:13 > 1:16:17something that will continue, for a long period of time, that we will be
1:16:17 > 1:16:23living in austerity for too much longer, provided we manage ourselves
1:16:23 > 1:16:27correctly, and the Budget is an important factor in that.It sure
1:16:27 > 1:16:33is. Thank you all for coming on the programme, good to hear from you,
1:16:33 > 1:16:37and obviously coverage of the Chancellor's Budget will be live and
1:16:37 > 1:16:42BBC News. We can have a word with Norman, OK, lots of people want lots
1:16:42 > 1:16:47of things from Philip Hammond, he is not going to be able to please
1:16:47 > 1:16:50everybody, is he?Well, the smoke signals we are getting is that this
1:16:50 > 1:16:55is not going to be a big, all singing, all dancing, splash the
1:16:55 > 1:16:59cash sort of Budget, because the indications are that there will not
1:16:59 > 1:17:03be any more money for public sector pay, which is one of the pressure
1:17:03 > 1:17:06points, and there has been a lot of calls for the Chancellor to ease the
1:17:06 > 1:17:12pay cap by giving a watch more money to nurses, doctors, so one and so
1:17:12 > 1:17:18forth. But what we're hearing is that there will no additional money,
1:17:18 > 1:17:21so if there is any easing of the pay cap it will come from within the
1:17:21 > 1:17:26existing budget. Secondly, housing, we know there are lots of little
1:17:26 > 1:17:30steps the Chancellor has talked about, talking about cracking down
1:17:30 > 1:17:34on developers who sit on land, trying to make it easier for smaller
1:17:34 > 1:17:38builders, but we understand there is not going to be any big bazooka for
1:17:38 > 1:17:43housing. In other words, not billions and billions to kick-start
1:17:43 > 1:17:51a big house-building programme, and on the NHS, we heard the boss of the
1:17:51 > 1:17:56NHS, Simon Stevens, saying the other day, look, I need four billion quid
1:17:56 > 1:18:00all we are running into serious difficulties, 5 million people on
1:18:00 > 1:18:04the waiting list. Again, we are being told there will be some more
1:18:04 > 1:18:09money, but nowhere near the that Simon Stevens. That suggests to me
1:18:09 > 1:18:15that cautious Phil has won out over carefree Phil, and that will ring
1:18:15 > 1:18:20alarm bells in the Tory party, because they want this to be a big,
1:18:20 > 1:18:25radical, defining Budget do set to one side the post-election gloom and
1:18:25 > 1:18:27jitters over Brexit and the resignations and all that sort of
1:18:27 > 1:18:37thing.Why does Mr Hammond seem to be so unpopular with members of his
1:18:37 > 1:18:41own party?It is the Big Brother: Word - Brexit! Many,
1:18:41 > 1:18:47many members of his party believe that Philip Hammond does not believe
1:18:47 > 1:18:55in Brexit and he is just engaged in damage limitation, and they want
1:18:55 > 1:18:58somebody who has a bit of gung ho spirit who thinks Britain will be
1:18:58 > 1:19:03revived after Brexit to inject confidence, and some are talking
1:19:03 > 1:19:08about Michael Gove taking over, and he was apparently recently spouting
1:19:08 > 1:19:12a lot of big financial words, some said auditioning for the role. But
1:19:12 > 1:19:17that is why many Tory MPs do not like Philip Hammond, added to which
1:19:17 > 1:19:23you were a member the last Budget, slipping on the banana skin over
1:19:23 > 1:19:26national insurance contributions, had to do a quick U-turn. There is
1:19:26 > 1:19:33almost a personal animosity towards Philip Hammond. He is kind of a
1:19:33 > 1:19:36marksman, and you do not find many Tory MPs really willing to go out on
1:19:36 > 1:19:42a limb and stick up for him. Thank you very much, Norman Smith, at
1:19:42 > 1:19:45Downing Street.
1:19:45 > 1:19:49The UK's data protection regulator says a major security breach last
1:19:49 > 1:19:52year at the taxihailing company Uber raises huge concerns.
1:19:52 > 1:20:00What does it mean for you as a customer?
1:20:00 > 1:20:02Emily Orton is a cyber security analyst who works
1:20:02 > 1:20:03for the security firm Darktrace.
1:20:03 > 1:20:05She explained what's happened and how widespread the breach is.
1:20:05 > 1:20:10Well, it seems that there was this significant data breach on Uber.
1:20:10 > 1:20:11Details around drivers, but also customers,
1:20:11 > 1:20:15and there was some kind of cover-up or delay to disclose that.
1:20:15 > 1:20:1957 million names, e-mails addresses and mobile-phone numbers were found
1:20:19 > 1:20:21by the hackers, according to Uber.
1:20:21 > 1:20:24That's an awful lot of data.
1:20:24 > 1:20:28It is, and this is just the latest in a long line of a large-scale data
1:20:28 > 1:20:29breaches affecting very big names.
1:20:29 > 1:20:33These are companies that have resources.
1:20:33 > 1:20:37They do have security teams, and yet there are still significant
1:20:37 > 1:20:39vulnerabilities and problems in the way they are protecting data
1:20:39 > 1:20:44which we need to look at very seriously.
1:20:44 > 1:20:47What do you think about the fact that this happened in 2016,
1:20:47 > 1:20:50the company kept it secret,
1:20:50 > 1:20:55and paid the hackers £75,000 to delete the data?
1:20:55 > 1:20:58Yes, this is essentially taking data and blackmailing companies,
1:20:58 > 1:20:59and it is happening a lot.
1:20:59 > 1:21:01It's happening more than we actually know about.
1:21:01 > 1:21:05There are companies that do pay up.
1:21:05 > 1:21:08They perhaps don't disclose, and we don't even hear about it.
1:21:08 > 1:21:10So this is, unfortunately, not a unique case.
1:21:10 > 1:21:12Whether you pay up or not, clearly this is having
1:21:12 > 1:21:18a reputational damage and an effect on Uber and many other companies.
1:21:18 > 1:21:22It's certainly not dealt with just by paying up
1:21:22 > 1:21:26and hoping the problem will go away.
1:21:26 > 1:21:28How does anybody know that data really has been destroyed?
1:21:28 > 1:21:30That's a really good question.
1:21:30 > 1:21:33How do you trust what is essentially a criminal group to delete data?
1:21:33 > 1:21:42What if they came back in a year?
1:21:42 > 1:21:47We just don't know, and unfortunately Uber is in this
1:21:47 > 1:21:50situation and has to make up in terms of keeping their drivers
1:21:50 > 1:21:52and their customers safe and reassured.
1:21:52 > 1:21:56What we really need to be doing is getting ahead of the problem,
1:21:56 > 1:21:58catching these threats when they're developing inside the network.
1:21:58 > 1:22:01There are patterns of behaviour that we can look for and can be
1:22:01 > 1:22:08effective in finding these things and stopping them before the data
1:22:08 > 1:22:10goes and we need to focus on that,
1:22:10 > 1:22:12rather than this sort of clear-up job at the end.
1:22:12 > 1:22:15In an Uber statement they say, "While we have not seen evidence
1:22:15 > 1:22:18of fraud or misuse tied to this incident, we are monitoring
1:22:18 > 1:22:19the affected accounts and have flagged them
1:22:19 > 1:22:23for additional fraud protection."
1:22:23 > 1:22:27What might a hacker or a criminal gang use people's personal details,
1:22:27 > 1:22:33e-mail addresses, mobile-phone numbers, for example?
1:22:33 > 1:22:37Well, there are lots of way you can use data.
1:22:37 > 1:22:40A common way was monetising data on the black market.
1:22:40 > 1:22:42You can sell huge databases of credit card data
1:22:42 > 1:22:44or health care data and get money for it.
1:22:44 > 1:22:47Very easy, quick.
1:22:47 > 1:22:53Actually, we are seeing a development
1:22:53 > 1:22:55in sophistication in the threat landscape,
1:22:55 > 1:22:59and we think this is probably looks like extortion
1:22:59 > 1:23:02blackmail situation, where all you need to do is
1:23:02 > 1:23:05have it and there is enough concern on the company side
1:23:05 > 1:23:06that they don't want the data getting out.
1:23:06 > 1:23:09There is a reputational real damage as well as financial damage.
1:23:09 > 1:23:10What should customers do
1:23:10 > 1:23:13if they're worried that someone has got their personal details?
1:23:13 > 1:23:14It's really hard as a customer.
1:23:14 > 1:23:16It's really hard as a customer.
1:23:16 > 1:23:21Our data is with so many different organisations,
1:23:21 > 1:23:23and, yes, there are good practices such as changing your password,
1:23:23 > 1:23:29such as being sceptical of untrusted websites,
1:23:29 > 1:23:31but clearly a lot of us do trust Uber,
1:23:31 > 1:23:34and so I think what we do need to be demanding
1:23:34 > 1:23:36is a higher standard of security from them.
1:23:36 > 1:23:39We have got to think radically in a different way about security.
1:23:39 > 1:23:42The status quo of just having a firewall and your standard
1:23:42 > 1:23:44antivirus is not enough today, and we need to be looking
1:23:44 > 1:23:47at new technologies to help in that pursuit of detecting
1:23:47 > 1:23:55those threats early.
1:23:55 > 1:23:57We've received a statement from the Information Commissioner.
1:23:57 > 1:23:58Their deputy commisioner, James Dipple, said...
1:23:58 > 1:24:00"Uber's announcement about a concealed data breach
1:24:00 > 1:24:02last October raises huge concerns around its data protection
1:24:02 > 1:24:05policies and ethics."
1:24:05 > 1:24:07"If UK citizens were affected then we should have been notified
1:24:07 > 1:24:10so that we could assess and verify the impact on people
1:24:10 > 1:24:14whose data was exposed."
1:24:14 > 1:24:15"Deliberately concealing breaches from regulators and citizens
1:24:15 > 1:24:25could attract higher fines for companies."
1:24:26 > 1:24:31Breaking news from the trial of the former Bosnian Serb commander Ratko
1:24:31 > 1:24:34Mladic. You will know that we were dipping into life proceedings from
1:24:34 > 1:24:42The Hague until about quarter to ten, when they paused, because the
1:24:42 > 1:24:47man on trial, Ratko Mladic, ask for a break. We were expecting them to
1:24:47 > 1:24:52resume, but that moved to half an hour, and we are now being told that
1:24:52 > 1:24:59Mr Mladic is undergoing a blood pressure test, which is the
1:24:59 > 1:25:05explanation for the delaying of the verdict at his war crimes trial. So
1:25:05 > 1:25:07Ratko Mladic, the Bosnian Serb military leader, is undergoing a
1:25:07 > 1:25:15blood pressure test as he awaits the verdict from this international
1:25:15 > 1:25:17tribunal, this International Criminal Tribunal for the former
1:25:17 > 1:25:22Yugoslavia. He has been on trial for five years, accused of two council
1:25:22 > 1:25:28genocide, nine counts of war crimes and crimes against humanity. We are
1:25:28 > 1:25:33due to reach the verdict this morning, awaiting the outcome, we
1:25:33 > 1:25:38know that now Ratko Mladic is having some kind of blood pressure tests.
1:25:38 > 1:25:42As you are bleak, when that is over, the court will resume, and of course
1:25:42 > 1:25:49we will bring you those verdicts live and BBC News. -- obviously,
1:25:49 > 1:25:53when that is over.
1:25:53 > 1:25:55Six months ago, 22 people were killed and hundreds more injured
1:25:55 > 1:25:57when an Ariana Grande concert in Manchester was targeted
1:25:57 > 1:25:59by a terror attack.
1:25:59 > 1:26:01The affects were felt across the country with charities
1:26:01 > 1:26:04such as the NSPCC and Victim Support telling us that hundreds of children
1:26:04 > 1:26:05contact them in need of support.
1:26:05 > 1:26:08ChildLine also helped nearly 300 young people in the first two
1:26:08 > 1:26:10weeks after the incident, four times more
1:26:10 > 1:26:12than they usually do.
1:26:12 > 1:26:14Hayley Hassall from BBC Newsround has been speaking to children
1:26:14 > 1:26:20about how they have been affected and coped in the aftermath.
1:26:21 > 1:26:24Emily and Lauren are friends.
1:26:24 > 1:26:26They went to the Ariana Grande concert together
1:26:26 > 1:26:29because it was a Christmas present from their parents.
1:26:29 > 1:26:32I just remember it being like really nice and everyone was singing
1:26:32 > 1:26:36and dancing, and then we all stood up to go,
1:26:36 > 1:26:38and then like all you heard was just like this bang
1:26:38 > 1:26:41and then the floor started shaking and then everyone just started
1:26:41 > 1:26:43running towards us, and then it was a bit like scary.
1:26:43 > 1:26:48Yeah, everyone was screaming and running down the stairs.
1:26:48 > 1:26:51How did you feel at the time, then, when that was all happening?
1:26:51 > 1:26:53What emotions were you going through?
1:26:53 > 1:26:54Just like every emotion.
1:26:54 > 1:26:57I was like scared, but I didn't really know what was going on.
1:26:57 > 1:27:00It makes you feel really angry, doesn't it that someone would target
1:27:00 > 1:27:02a concert with such young people there and children
1:27:02 > 1:27:04and people our age. It's just horrible.
1:27:04 > 1:27:07After coming home, the girls tried to get back into normal life
1:27:07 > 1:27:09but found it difficult escape what had happened.
1:27:09 > 1:27:13It was quite hard because there was so much
1:27:13 > 1:27:14about the bombing on the news.
1:27:14 > 1:27:16It was everywhere.
1:27:16 > 1:27:19You go on to Snapchat and you go on to Facebook,
1:27:19 > 1:27:21it's all there, everything about it.
1:27:21 > 1:27:22People putting messages like on Snapchat.
1:27:22 > 1:27:25Everyone messaged you, everyone came up to you wanting to speak about it.
1:27:25 > 1:27:28It's hard to get past that
1:27:28 > 1:27:31when everyone is so focused on it at the time.
1:27:31 > 1:27:33Emily and Lauren have both had help from their school counsellor,
1:27:33 > 1:27:36who set up a support group where they could talk openly
1:27:36 > 1:27:37about how they were feeling.
1:27:37 > 1:27:40We went and spoke to a teacher because we were really upset,
1:27:40 > 1:27:43and we had to leave lessons, and they set us in the school
1:27:43 > 1:27:45counsellor's office and then they just left us
1:27:45 > 1:27:46to speak to each other.
1:27:46 > 1:27:49I think that was probably the best thing to do,
1:27:49 > 1:27:52to let us to speak to each other. How did it help?
1:27:52 > 1:27:55I think just because everything they say, it all makes sense,
1:27:55 > 1:27:58and it's really all really true, and it's just nice to know
1:27:58 > 1:28:00that there are other people going through the same thing
1:28:00 > 1:28:04as you and you are not alone.
1:28:04 > 1:28:06You two had each other, did you find that helped?
1:28:06 > 1:28:08Yes, we still speak about now, don't we?Yeah.
1:28:08 > 1:28:11But it's something we will not forget it, but it is nice
1:28:11 > 1:28:13that we were there together so we have experienced
1:28:13 > 1:28:14the same thing.
1:28:14 > 1:28:17Like there is always someone to speak to do about it?
1:28:18 > 1:28:21Just like people can help you get through it so you are not alone.
1:28:21 > 1:28:25You are taking it off your chest and giving it to other people
1:28:25 > 1:28:28so they understand how it felt to be there, and it just makes
1:28:28 > 1:28:31you feel a bit lighter about everything that happened.
1:28:31 > 1:28:33But it's not just kids who were at the concert
1:28:33 > 1:28:34itself who were affected.
1:28:34 > 1:28:36Many children all over the country have been affected
1:28:36 > 1:28:38by the news of what happened.
1:28:38 > 1:28:41At this school in North Wales, they have brought in extra support
1:28:41 > 1:28:44to help those kids who were upset and anxious and they've even set up
1:28:44 > 1:28:46a choir where the pupils sing Ariana Grande songs
1:28:46 > 1:28:49and share how they were feeling.
1:28:49 > 1:28:51# I was a liar
1:28:51 > 1:28:52# I gave in to the fire
1:28:52 > 1:28:54# I know I should've fought it
1:28:54 > 1:28:56# At least I'm being honest
1:28:56 > 1:28:59# I feel like a failure
1:28:59 > 1:29:00# Cos I know that I failed you
1:29:00 > 1:29:02# I should've done you better
1:29:02 > 1:29:07# Cos you don't want a liar.
1:29:07 > 1:29:10# And I know, and I know, and I know she gives you everything. #
1:29:10 > 1:29:12Even though these children weren't at the concert,
1:29:12 > 1:29:15they've told me that they found it difficult to deal with
1:29:15 > 1:29:16the news of the attack.
1:29:16 > 1:29:20# But I got nothing here without you... #
1:29:20 > 1:29:24When I heard the news, I kind of was just in a state of shock
1:29:24 > 1:29:27that it had happened so close to home.
1:29:27 > 1:29:30Since it happened, I feel more anxious when I go out,
1:29:30 > 1:29:32especially to big places where there's a load of people.
1:29:32 > 1:29:36I found who has helped me is my parents and relatives and my sister.
1:29:36 > 1:29:43They just comforted me and helped me feel better when I'm sad.
1:29:43 > 1:29:46I think now that it has passed and now that people are OK,
1:29:46 > 1:29:49I think I'm more confident and I do have the confidence,
1:29:49 > 1:29:51because you can't let things like this take
1:29:51 > 1:29:54over your life forever.
1:29:54 > 1:29:56Everyone has come closer together as a world,
1:29:56 > 1:30:03rather than being weak about it and letting it get to them.
1:30:03 > 1:30:10# So a lot of love... #
1:30:15 > 1:30:17And for Emily and Lauren, Ariana Grande herself has played
1:30:17 > 1:30:24a massive part in helping them.
1:30:24 > 1:30:29I think she's really strong, isn't she?
1:30:29 > 1:30:31To get through that.
1:30:31 > 1:30:33Because I think so many artists, if something
1:30:33 > 1:30:35like that happened to you, obviously she felt guilty,
1:30:35 > 1:30:39but to come back so strong after that and to put on that
1:30:39 > 1:30:41concert for such a good cause I think she really helped.
1:30:41 > 1:30:43Would you both go to her concert again?
1:30:43 > 1:30:46I think after the one rock concert I would definitely go to one again.
1:30:46 > 1:30:48I don't feel like scared any more.
1:30:48 > 1:30:49You feel safe now?
1:30:49 > 1:30:53Yeah, I feel safe.
1:30:53 > 1:30:56That report for BBC newsround. In the next half hour we will hear from
1:30:56 > 1:31:02the Paralympian and disability rights campaigner who has won a
1:31:02 > 1:31:05financial settlement after she could not get access to the disabled loo
1:31:05 > 1:31:14on a train.
1:31:14 > 1:31:17Time for the latest news, here's Rebecca.
1:31:17 > 1:31:23The verdict in the war crimes trial over former Bosnian Serb General
1:31:23 > 1:31:27Ratko Mladic is deep laid while he has a blood pressure test. The
1:31:27 > 1:31:32military commander of Bosnian Serb forces in the 1990s is on trial for
1:31:32 > 1:31:37crimes including genocide. The judge has listed a catalogue of crimes by
1:31:37 > 1:31:40Serbian forces including the mass murder of thousands of Bosnian
1:31:40 > 1:31:44Muslims in Srebrenica. The Chancellor Philip Hammond will
1:31:44 > 1:31:48present his budget in Parliament today. His statement comes amid
1:31:48 > 1:31:53pressure to announce far-reaching measures to tackle housing shortage,
1:31:53 > 1:31:56but more money into the NHS and ease austerity.
1:31:56 > 1:32:00That's a summary of the latest BBC News.
1:32:00 > 1:32:06We are going straight back to The Hague, dramatic scenes where Ratko
1:32:06 > 1:32:10Mladic, accused of crimes against humanity has been shouting in
1:32:10 > 1:32:13dramatic fashion after the court paused for him to have his blood
1:32:13 > 1:32:22pressure checked. Let's find out what's happening. They have taken
1:32:22 > 1:32:32the sound away. Because it would appear, Ratko Mladic was shouting,
1:32:32 > 1:32:41the sound is back. Let's see what's going on. And they've taken the
1:32:41 > 1:32:45sound away again. The court paused at about quarter to ten our time
1:32:45 > 1:32:49this morning as the judge was reading through his lengthy summary.
1:32:49 > 1:32:55It paused because we are told Ratko Mladic, who has been on trial for
1:32:55 > 1:32:59five years, needed a break. Half an hour later it emerged that he was
1:32:59 > 1:33:04having his blood pressure checked. And we have just been told in the
1:33:04 > 1:33:08last couple of minutes that he is back in that courtroom. This is in
1:33:08 > 1:33:19The Hague, this is the international court, he began shouting in the room
1:33:19 > 1:33:25and that is when they took the sound away, presumably to preserve the
1:33:25 > 1:33:35dignity of the courtroom. We are going to go live to Sarajevo next
1:33:35 > 1:33:43and speak to our correspond to is there. Hello Guy.Hello, Victoria.
1:33:43 > 1:33:46People here are eagerly awaiting what will eventually happen in The
1:33:46 > 1:33:52Hague when rat, Dick stops shouting and the judges can get on with
1:33:52 > 1:33:57reading the verdict. -- when Ratko Mladic stood chatting. The city
1:33:57 > 1:34:03looks pretty today but in the 1990s, it was under seizure and thousands
1:34:03 > 1:34:07of people died them. Civilians were terrorised, we have heard the court
1:34:07 > 1:34:11to say that civilians were deliberately targeted and terrorised
1:34:11 > 1:34:15during those times. A lot of people fought to defend their city during
1:34:15 > 1:34:23that time, one of them now works for the charity Remembering Srebrenica,
1:34:23 > 1:34:28not wanting to forget what has happened. Particularly for you, you
1:34:28 > 1:34:32were a teenager when the siege of Sarajevo started, and you fought for
1:34:32 > 1:34:37several years to defend your city. What is a day like today when the
1:34:37 > 1:34:43judgment is being given on Ratko Mladic feel like feel?I would like
1:34:43 > 1:34:47to see it feels like the end is coming to the whole story about the
1:34:47 > 1:34:52war in Bosnia, the whole war that was happening but unfortunately it
1:34:52 > 1:34:57is not. Even the verdict today is something that we in Bosnia are
1:34:57 > 1:35:02quite used to. It's clever political negotiation between the
1:35:02 > 1:35:11international community on one side, and Serbia. Finding Ratko Mladic
1:35:11 > 1:35:21responsible only one of the cities are being undermined, in terms of
1:35:21 > 1:35:26history it is important that Ratko Mladic should seek justice but in
1:35:26 > 1:35:31terms of the prosperity of this country, unfortunately, I believe
1:35:31 > 1:35:37that for another good 20 or 30 years the legacy of war he leaves behind
1:35:37 > 1:35:43will be something that is going to stop this country moving forward.In
1:35:43 > 1:35:47terms of Sarajevo, part of this legacy, I don't know if people can
1:35:47 > 1:35:51see this but there is a cemetery there, one of a number of
1:35:51 > 1:35:54cemeteries, and a lot of people buried there died during the siege.
1:35:54 > 1:35:59It often gets overlooked, what happened in Sarajevo but it was a
1:35:59 > 1:36:04horrific time for the people who lived through that.It can't be
1:36:04 > 1:36:09explained in just a couple of words. The easiest way to explain, if you
1:36:09 > 1:36:18can imagine the life of ordinary people today just like we were in
1:36:18 > 1:36:231992, and if you imagine somebody puts a pause on it, every little
1:36:23 > 1:36:28thing that you take for granted today like electricity, running
1:36:28 > 1:36:30water, heating, telephones, everything, has been taken away from
1:36:30 > 1:36:36you.And it means that people here today are eagerly awaiting this
1:36:36 > 1:36:43verdict to find out if Ratko Mladic will at last be found guilty of that
1:36:43 > 1:36:45seizure in the 1990s, and all the other crimes which he is accused --
1:36:45 > 1:36:54the siege. Thank you, Guy. Back to The Hague, to let you know what
1:36:54 > 1:36:57happened before they took the sound away from proceedings, as you know,
1:36:57 > 1:37:02we reported that the court was paused so that Ratko Mladic could
1:37:02 > 1:37:06have his blood pressure checked. His defence counsel came back and asked
1:37:06 > 1:37:11the judge if the judge could effectively skip straight to the
1:37:11 > 1:37:21verdicts. Ratko Mladic immediately began shouting and 2-mac when they
1:37:21 > 1:37:24said no, they took the sound away but now it is back and the judges
1:37:24 > 1:37:35continuing with his summary. TRANSLATION:- we will go back to
1:37:35 > 1:37:39The Hague on the judges ready to deliver his verdict.
1:37:39 > 1:37:41The Paralympic athlete and disability rights campaigner
1:37:41 > 1:37:51Anne Wafula Strike has won a financial settlement
1:37:53 > 1:37:55from CrossCountry trains after she was forced to wet herself
1:37:55 > 1:37:57on a train last year because the accessible
1:37:57 > 1:37:59toilet was out of order.
1:37:59 > 1:38:01In a recent report for this programme, Anne told us
1:38:01 > 1:38:04that she was "completely robbed of her dignity" and explained
1:38:04 > 1:38:06what happened and why she chose to speak publicly
1:38:06 > 1:38:09about something like that.
1:38:09 > 1:38:13We will have to pause there because we are going back to The Hague.
1:38:13 > 1:38:19TRANSLATION:The chamber considered the accused's significant
1:38:19 > 1:38:24contribution to the joint criminal enterprise as well as his repeated
1:38:24 > 1:38:31use of derogatory references to Bosnian Muslims and Bosnian Croats.
1:38:31 > 1:38:36And his expressions of commitment to an ethnically homogenous Bosnian
1:38:36 > 1:38:41Serb republic. Even in territories that previously had a large
1:38:41 > 1:38:49percentage of non-Serb inhabitants. It found that the accused was aware
1:38:49 > 1:38:56of, and intended for the crimes of deportation, the inhumane act of
1:38:56 > 1:39:00forcible transfer, murder, extermination and persecution to be
1:39:00 > 1:39:05committed against Bosnian Muslims and Bosnian Croats. The chamber
1:39:05 > 1:39:09found that the accused shared the intent to achieve the common
1:39:09 > 1:39:20objective of the overarching JCE and held this intent as early as May 12
1:39:20 > 1:39:261992. Therefore he was a member of the overarching JCE from May 12
1:39:26 > 1:39:381992. The chamber now turns to the Sarajevo joint criminal enterprise.
1:39:38 > 1:39:47The chamber found that between May 12, 1992 and November 1995, there
1:39:47 > 1:39:52existed a JCE with the primary purpose of spreading terror among
1:39:52 > 1:39:58the civilian population through a campaign of sniping and shelling.
1:39:58 > 1:40:07The objective of this JCE involved the commission of crimes of terror,
1:40:07 > 1:40:15unlawful attacks against civilians, and murder. The members of the
1:40:15 > 1:40:18Sarajevo joint criminal enterprise were members of the Bosnian Serb
1:40:18 > 1:40:23military and political leadership and included Radovan Karadzic, drug
1:40:23 > 1:40:35Amir Milosevic, and others. The charged crimes were all committed by
1:40:35 > 1:40:46units of the Sarajevo call. The chamber now turns to the accused's
1:40:46 > 1:40:51responsibility for the crimes which were found to have been committed in
1:40:51 > 1:40:55the Sarajevo component of the case. The chamber considered the accused's
1:40:55 > 1:40:59acts and omissions during the existence of the Sarajevo joint
1:40:59 > 1:41:05criminal enterprise in order to determine whether he significantly
1:41:05 > 1:41:15contributed to this joint criminal enterprise. The chamber found that
1:41:15 > 1:41:20the accused was involved in the establishment of the Sarajevo Army
1:41:20 > 1:41:29Corps and made decisions, commanded these units from 1992 to 1995 in
1:41:29 > 1:41:36various operations, procured assistance from the Army of the
1:41:36 > 1:41:49Yugoslavia during the siege, ordered the use of modified weaponry and
1:41:49 > 1:41:53participated in discussions between 1982 and 1995 with members of the
1:41:53 > 1:42:05Bosnian Serb government. He ordered the dissemination of anti-Muslim and
1:42:05 > 1:42:08anti-Croat propaganda and provided misleading information about crimes
1:42:08 > 1:42:17to representatives of the community. The accused frequently ordered the
1:42:17 > 1:42:22restriction of humanitarian aid to Sarajevo and failed to take adequate
1:42:22 > 1:42:31steps to prevent crimes or adequately punish the perpetrators
1:42:31 > 1:42:37of crimes, all of whom were under the effective control. The accused's
1:42:37 > 1:42:40acts were instrumental to the commission of the crimes in
1:42:40 > 1:42:46Sarajevo. Through his actions, the accused significantly contributed to
1:42:46 > 1:42:50achieving the objective of the Sarajevo joint criminal enterprise
1:42:50 > 1:42:56by way of committing the crimes of terror, and lawful attacks against
1:42:56 > 1:43:04civilians, and murder. -- unlawful attacks. In determining whether the
1:43:04 > 1:43:08accused shared the intent to achieve the common objective of the joint
1:43:08 > 1:43:13criminal enterprise, the chamber considered the accused's statements
1:43:13 > 1:43:17and conduct throughout the indictment period. In particular,
1:43:17 > 1:43:23the chamber considered that the accused personally directed the
1:43:23 > 1:43:31shelling of Sarajevo that took place on May 28 1992. Was involved in
1:43:31 > 1:43:40selecting targets and directed fire away from Serb populated areas, and
1:43:40 > 1:43:48commanded an army corps and formulated and Izzy and directors.
1:43:48 > 1:43:53-- and issued directives. Further, in the spring of 1995 the accused
1:43:53 > 1:43:56proposed that Sarajevo be bombarded with explicit disregard for the
1:43:56 > 1:44:05safety of civilians. And on September six, 1995, the accused
1:44:05 > 1:44:10ordered the as archaic commands to cut utilities supplying Sarajevo,
1:44:10 > 1:44:16forcing the inhabitants of Sarajevo to go outside and be exposed to
1:44:16 > 1:44:23sniping and shelling. The chamber found that the accused intended to
1:44:23 > 1:44:28establish and carry out a campaign of sniping and shelling against the
1:44:28 > 1:44:34civilian population of Sarajevo. Further, the chamber found that the
1:44:34 > 1:44:39accused intended this campaign to spread terror among the civilian
1:44:39 > 1:44:46population of Sarajevo, and that he intended to perpetrate the crimes of
1:44:46 > 1:44:51terror, unlawful attacks on civilians, and murder. The chamber
1:44:51 > 1:44:54found that the accused held this intention throughout the indictment
1:44:54 > 1:45:02period. As such he was a member of the Sarajevo joint criminal
1:45:02 > 1:45:11enterprise. With respect to the Serb are joint criminal enterprise, the
1:45:11 > 1:45:19chamber found that there existed a JCE with the primary purpose of
1:45:19 > 1:45:22eliminating the Bosnian Muslims in Srebrenica by killing the men and
1:45:22 > 1:45:27boys, and forcibly removing the women, young children, and some
1:45:27 > 1:45:32elderly men.
1:45:32 > 1:45:40In the days immediately preceding the 11th of July 1995, the objective
1:45:40 > 1:45:43of the Srebrenica joint criminal enterprise involved the commission
1:45:43 > 1:45:52of the crimes of persecution and the inhumane act of full or transfer --
1:45:52 > 1:45:55forcible transfer, which occurred at the US attacked the enclave with a
1:45:55 > 1:46:03view to emptying it. By the early morning of the 12th of July 1995,
1:46:03 > 1:46:07the crimes of genocide, extermination and murder also became
1:46:07 > 1:46:13part of the means to achieve the objective prior to the first crime
1:46:13 > 1:46:27being committed. In this respect, they discussed the killings and
1:46:27 > 1:46:36potential execution sites on the morning of the 12th of July 1985.
1:46:36 > 1:46:43They first ordered the camp be prepared for a large number of
1:46:43 > 1:46:49detainees. He then conveyed that this plan had been given up. The JCE
1:46:49 > 1:46:57existed and at least October 1985, when re-burials took place in two
1:46:57 > 1:47:04municipalities. The members of the Srebrenica joint criminal enterprise
1:47:04 > 1:47:14included Radovan
1:47:14 > 1:47:27Karadzic and a number of other men.
1:47:33 > 1:47:40The charged crimes, except for the ill and killing -- ill-treatment and
1:47:40 > 1:47:46killing of six Bosnian men and boys, work carried out under the
1:47:46 > 1:47:55operational command of the main staff at the time. As such, JCE
1:47:55 > 1:48:00members used these units to commit Srebrenica crimes in furtherance of
1:48:00 > 1:48:11the joint criminal enterprise. The chamber now turns to the accused's
1:48:11 > 1:48:17responsibility in relation to the Srebrenica component of the case. In
1:48:17 > 1:48:20determining whether the accused significantly contributed to the
1:48:20 > 1:48:24Srebrenica joint criminal enterprise, the chamber has
1:48:24 > 1:48:33considered the accused's acts and omissions during its existence. The
1:48:33 > 1:48:42accused, in particular, recommended the promotion of the commander of
1:48:42 > 1:48:50the corps. This was implemented on the 13th of July 1995. Between at
1:48:50 > 1:48:56least the 11th of July and the 11th of October 1995, he issued several
1:48:56 > 1:49:03orders to his forces, including the corps, concerning the operation in
1:49:03 > 1:49:11and around Srebrenica. And on the 11th and 12th of July 1985, he gave
1:49:11 > 1:49:20orders to move one commander and his units. Further, in July and August
1:49:20 > 1:49:241995, the accused provided misleading information about crimes
1:49:24 > 1:49:30and failed to take adequate steps to prevent crimes or to adequately
1:49:30 > 1:49:35investigate or punish members of the VRS and other elements of the Serb
1:49:35 > 1:49:42forces under his effective control for such crimes. The principle
1:49:42 > 1:49:48perpetrators of the crimes forming part of the Srebrenica joint
1:49:48 > 1:49:54criminal enterprise were members of the VRS. The accused commanded and
1:49:54 > 1:50:00controlled both VRS and other units during the Srebrenica operation and
1:50:00 > 1:50:07its aftermath. The accused's acts was so instrumental to the
1:50:07 > 1:50:11commission of the crimes that, without them, the crimes would not
1:50:11 > 1:50:17have been committed as they were. Therefore, the chamber found that
1:50:17 > 1:50:22the accused significantly contributed to achieving the
1:50:22 > 1:50:26objective of the Srebrenica joint criminal enterprise by way of
1:50:26 > 1:50:33committing the crimes of genocide, persecution, extermination, murder,
1:50:33 > 1:50:46and the inhumane act of four small -- falls -- forcible Casbah. In
1:50:46 > 1:50:51determining whether the accused shed that objective, the chamber
1:50:51 > 1:50:55considered his data conduct throughout the takeover of the
1:50:55 > 1:51:04enclave. These included, among other things, his role in the hotel
1:51:04 > 1:51:11meetings on the 11th and 12th of July 1995, and his presence at a
1:51:11 > 1:51:20meeting at the command centre on the 13th of July with VR officers,
1:51:20 > 1:51:28during which the tax of delegating, killing liquidating Muslim males was
1:51:28 > 1:51:32discussed. They also included orders to separate the Bosnian Muslim men
1:51:32 > 1:51:41from the women, children and elderly from the 12th of July 1985, and his
1:51:41 > 1:51:45presence during the gathering of Bosnian Muslims there on the 12th
1:51:45 > 1:51:51and the 13th of July 1995, and during the separation of Bosnian
1:51:51 > 1:51:57Muslim men. Finally, the chamber considered the accused's denial of
1:51:57 > 1:52:03the crimes committed in Srebrenica, as well as the measures he took to
1:52:03 > 1:52:09provide misleading information and prevent the media from knowing what
1:52:09 > 1:52:19was happening there. The chamber has further considered the accused's
1:52:19 > 1:52:26presence at the football stadium and the meadow on the 13th of July 1995,
1:52:26 > 1:52:35where several thousand Bosnian Muslim males were detained, and his
1:52:35 > 1:52:43misleading assurances that they would be taken to be exchanged. The
1:52:43 > 1:52:48chamber found that, from at least 1985 and throughout July 1985, the
1:52:48 > 1:52:57acute -- accused made numerous statements about taking revenge. --
1:52:57 > 1:53:0519 95. He added that they would have disappeared a long time ago had it
1:53:05 > 1:53:12not been for the involvement of the international community. He further
1:53:12 > 1:53:15stated on several occasions during the hotel meetings that the Bosnian
1:53:15 > 1:53:29Muslims from Srebrenica could, and I quote again, live or perish, and,
1:53:29 > 1:53:39quote again, survive or disappear. Based on the foregoing, the chamber
1:53:39 > 1:53:43found that the accused intended to eliminate the Bosnian Muslims in
1:53:43 > 1:53:52Srebrenica by killing the men and boys and forcibly removing women,
1:53:52 > 1:53:56children and some elderly man, through the commission of the crimes
1:53:56 > 1:54:02of persecution, murder, extermination and the inhumane act
1:54:02 > 1:54:07of forcible transfer. The chamber found that the only reasonable
1:54:07 > 1:54:11inference was that the accused intended to destroy the Bosnian
1:54:11 > 1:54:16Muslims in Srebrenica as a substantial part of the protected
1:54:16 > 1:54:23group of Muslims in Bosnia-Herzegovina. Accordingly, the
1:54:23 > 1:54:27chamber found that the accused intended to carry out the objective
1:54:27 > 1:54:30of the Srebrenica joint criminal enterprise through the commissions
1:54:30 > 1:54:38of the crimecrime of genocide and was a member of the Srebrenica joint
1:54:38 > 1:54:50criminal enterprise. With respect to the hostagetaking joint criminal
1:54:50 > 1:54:57enterprise, the chamber found that the JCE existed from around the 25th
1:54:57 > 1:55:01of May 1995, when Nato air strikes against Bosnian Serb targets
1:55:01 > 1:55:06commenced, until approximately the 24th of June 1995, when the last UN
1:55:06 > 1:55:13personnel were released. This JCA had the purpose of capturing UN
1:55:13 > 1:55:18personnel in various parts of Bosnia-Herzegovina and detainee in
1:55:18 > 1:55:23them in strategic military locations to prevent Nato from launching
1:55:23 > 1:55:32further military air strikes on Bosnian Serb military targets. The
1:55:32 > 1:55:36members of the hostagetaking joint criminal enterprise were members of
1:55:36 > 1:55:48the VRS main staff, the VRS corps, Radovan Karadzic and others. These
1:55:48 > 1:55:52members implemented the common objective themselves and used VRS
1:55:52 > 1:55:57personnel, including members of the military police, to implement the
1:55:57 > 1:56:05objective, the common objective. The chamber considered that orders and
1:56:05 > 1:56:16their implementation, the reporting obligations by the members of the
1:56:16 > 1:56:23JCE, as well as their statements, established that they had a common
1:56:23 > 1:56:30criminal objective. The chamber further found that the accused
1:56:30 > 1:56:37significantly contributed to the JCE's common objective. The accused
1:56:37 > 1:56:42was closely involved from around the 25th of May 1985 and throughout
1:56:42 > 1:56:49every stage of the hostagetaking. -- 19 95. He ordered VRS units to place
1:56:49 > 1:56:53the personnel at potential Nato air strike targets. He also ordered the
1:56:53 > 1:57:01release of the detainees UNFOR personnel and their representative,
1:57:01 > 1:57:07that such release was contingent on a cessation of air strikes. The
1:57:07 > 1:57:12chamber found that the accused's contributions to the hostagetaking
1:57:12 > 1:57:17joint criminal enterprise were central to the fermentation of the
1:57:17 > 1:57:22JCE's objective. -- the implementation. Based on the
1:57:22 > 1:57:28accused's statements and conduct throughout the hostagetaking
1:57:28 > 1:57:33incidents, the chamber found that the accused intended the objective
1:57:33 > 1:57:38and the hostagetaking joint criminal enterprise to capture UN personnel
1:57:38 > 1:57:42and detain them in strategic military locations to prevent Nato
1:57:42 > 1:57:48from launching further air strikes. The chamber found that the accused's
1:57:48 > 1:57:54statements, in particular with regard to the fate of those
1:57:54 > 1:58:05personnel, were tantamount to having issued to continue to detain or kill
1:58:05 > 1:58:09UN personnel, and that these threats were meant to end the air strikes.
1:58:09 > 1:58:13The chamber found that the accused was a member of the hostagetaking
1:58:13 > 1:58:17JCE.
1:58:22 > 1:58:33Having summarised its findings, the chamber will now give its verdict.
1:58:33 > 1:58:39For the reasons summarised during this hearing, having considered all
1:58:39 > 1:58:46of the facts, evidence and arguments of the parties, as well as the
1:58:46 > 1:58:51statute and rules, and based upon the factual and legal findings set
1:58:51 > 1:58:58out and detailed in the written judgments, the chamber finds Ratko
1:58:58 > 1:59:07Mladic not guilty of Count one, genocide, and guilty as a member of
1:59:07 > 1:59:12various joint criminal enterprise is of the following accounts -
1:59:12 > 1:59:22count-out two, genocide, Count three, persecution, a crime against
1:59:22 > 1:59:31humanity, count four, extermination, a crime against humanity, count
1:59:31 > 1:59:41five, murder, a crime against humanity, count six, murder, a
1:59:41 > 1:59:49violation of the laws or customs of war, count seven, deportation, a
1:59:49 > 2:00:02crime against humanity, count eight, the inhumane act of falls --
2:00:02 > 2:00:07forcible transfer, a crime against your malady, count nine, terror, a
2:00:07 > 2:00:15violation of the laws or customs of war, count ten, unlawful attacks on
2:00:15 > 2:00:22civilians, a violation of the laws and customs of war, and count 11,
2:00:22 > 2:00:34taking of hostages, a violation of the laws or customs of war.
2:00:34 > 2:00:38In determining the appropriate sentence to be imposed, the chamber
2:00:38 > 2:00:42has taken into account the gravity of the crimes of which he has been
2:00:42 > 2:00:50found guilty. The crimes committed rank among the most heinous known to
2:00:50 > 2:00:57humankind and include genocide and extermination as a crime against
2:00:57 > 2:01:04humanity. As mitigating factors, the defence referred to various
2:01:04 > 2:01:12circumstances, including the benevolent treatment by Mr Mladic of
2:01:12 > 2:01:18an assistance to some victims, his good character and his diminished
2:01:18 > 2:01:29mental capacity, poor physical health and advanced age. For the
2:01:29 > 2:01:36reasons set out in the judgment, the chamber considers most of the
2:01:36 > 2:01:40factors are raised in the mitigation by the defence carry little or no
2:01:40 > 2:01:47weight. For having committed these crimes, the chamber sentences Mr
2:01:47 > 2:01:56Ratko Mladic to life imprisonment. This concludes the delivery of