:00:16. > :00:19.As Obama touches down in a rather rainy Cuba for a historic visit,
:00:20. > :00:22.we look at how businesses there are beginning to take advantage
:00:23. > :00:28.Plus new technology aiding the fight against corruption.
:00:29. > :00:38.We take a look at advances in India that seem to be having a big impact.
:00:39. > :00:42.Welcome to World Business Report. I'm Sally Bundock.
:00:43. > :00:44.Also in the programme, what are "click farms"?
:00:45. > :00:47.Here is a clue - the recent denial from
:00:48. > :00:49.Cambodia's Prime Minister that he bought millions of Facebook likes.
:00:50. > :00:57.President Obama has arrived in Havana, the first US presidential
:00:58. > :01:03.Mr Obama will meet President Raul Castro later today
:01:04. > :01:07.and then speak at an event focused on entrepreneurships.
:01:08. > :01:11.US-Cuba relations were frozen in the early 1960s, when the US
:01:12. > :01:13.broke off diplomatic relations and imposed a trade embargo after
:01:14. > :01:21.It's estimated the trade embargo has cost the Cuban
:01:22. > :01:27.Obama normalised diplomatic and economic ties in December 2014,
:01:28. > :01:30.but the embargo cannot be fully lifted without approval from the
:01:31. > :01:37.Travel restrictions have also been eased by President Obama.
:01:38. > :01:40.Yesterday US hotel company Starwood became the first American firm to
:01:41. > :01:42.agree a deal with the Cuban authorities since the revolution
:01:43. > :01:49.of 1959, agreeing to spend millions renovating hotels in Havana.
:01:50. > :01:53.Many in Cuba now hope the country is on the verge of a new
:01:54. > :01:56.economic era, and it's estimated that between 20-30% of the workforce
:01:57. > :02:01.is now privately employed in the self-described communist state.
:02:02. > :02:04.Throughout the day, we'll look at some of those people
:02:05. > :02:07.running businesses in Cuba, starting with art design, a career that's
:02:08. > :02:25.We wanted to do something different. We also wanted to do something that
:02:26. > :02:35.is very connected to design. Because design is very important, and here
:02:36. > :02:43.in Cuba it is not that common. It is a sharp gallery, design studio and
:02:44. > :02:50.workshop. This is really powerful, and very interesting. But it doesn't
:02:51. > :03:00.represent me any more. So I want to make it closer to me. Just to chill
:03:01. > :03:03.out all that propaganda. It is not criticising, it is not making
:03:04. > :03:09.history wrong or whatever, it is just saying what we want to say
:03:10. > :03:18.right now. The challenges of making a business in Cuba are very
:03:19. > :03:25.connected to how people face that new reality. It is very hard also
:03:26. > :03:33.because there is no tradition, we have no tools for that. I have to be
:03:34. > :03:40.very concerned about quality, about competitiveness, about efficiency. I
:03:41. > :03:45.feel like an astronaut. I feel like I'm discovering a whole new world. I
:03:46. > :03:52.feel like if people around me feel the same, we can actually do
:03:53. > :03:58.something really amazing. And I don't know, maybe this doesn't work.
:03:59. > :04:10.Maybe next year we're out of business. But right now, it feels
:04:11. > :04:12.like it is working. Let's hope she is not out of business next year. A
:04:13. > :04:16.lot more about Uber online. -- Cuba. When is a like on Facebook a real
:04:17. > :04:21.like - and when has it been bought? That's a question being asked
:04:22. > :04:23.on social media in Asia this week, with the Prime Minister
:04:24. > :04:26.of Cambodia, Hun Sen, forced to That's because the leader of the
:04:27. > :04:30.relatively small Asian nation has That's in a country with an internet
:04:31. > :04:39.penetration rate of just 9%. That compares to the UK,
:04:40. > :04:43.for example, where Prime Minister David Cameron's Facebook page has
:04:44. > :04:48.a mere one million likes, even though the UK has a hefty
:04:49. > :04:57.internet penetration rate of 91%. Thousands of likes can be purchased
:04:58. > :04:59.for just a few dollars, and it's becoming a growing issue
:05:00. > :05:06.across social media platforms. It is a big deal for advertisers, as
:05:07. > :05:11.you can imagine. Sharanjit Leyl joins me now from
:05:12. > :05:21.Singapore with more on this. This is a fascinating story. It is
:05:22. > :05:25.fascinating. I will try to tell you as much as a node in one minute. It
:05:26. > :05:28.is extraordinary when you look at those stats. It is something
:05:29. > :05:35.everybody knows exists. Several studies have been done looking at
:05:36. > :05:39.the phenomenon of buying the likes, and social media has been criticised
:05:40. > :05:41.for this practice even though many of these platforms have issued
:05:42. > :05:49.statements saying they discourage the practice by regularly purging
:05:50. > :05:53.fake accounts. But the business upshot is if you are a brand,
:05:54. > :06:00.celebrity or political leader, buying social media popularity will
:06:01. > :06:03.likely come back and white you. For instance, it was widely reported
:06:04. > :06:08.when Instagram purged accounts of fake followers, celebrities like
:06:09. > :06:13.Justin Bieber lost 3.5 million followers on that platform. As you
:06:14. > :06:17.showed, it has not done the Cambodian leader any favours, as he
:06:18. > :06:24.has been caught out using this practice. One analyst said there is
:06:25. > :06:28.a more with jubilant -- all legitimate way to drum up interest
:06:29. > :06:34.by creating engagement with users that go beyond the like button, and
:06:35. > :06:38.to do well, companies should initiate the right engagement at the
:06:39. > :06:43.right time and create timely posts that relate to trends. In this way,
:06:44. > :06:47.the algorithms from Facebook and other social media will be able to
:06:48. > :06:53.recognise it as legitimate interest and increase that person's file. So
:06:54. > :06:58.that is a bit of a trick. Thank you for those topped tips. See using. --
:06:59. > :07:00.top tips, see using. In many countries,
:07:01. > :07:02.corruption is an unwelcome part However, bribes and kickbacks don't
:07:03. > :07:05.just have an impact on those who have to pay them,
:07:06. > :07:08.they also have a huge influence It's estimated that corruption costs
:07:09. > :07:12.the global economy All this week, we're looking at how
:07:13. > :07:16.governments are trying to tackle the problem, starting in India, where
:07:17. > :07:20.Shilpa Kannan reports from Delhi. A Delhi traffic policeman
:07:21. > :07:25.filmed taking money. Shocking as it may be,
:07:26. > :07:27.bribery like this, usually small amounts of money taken
:07:28. > :07:31.by officials for doing something that should be free, has long been a
:07:32. > :07:36.way of life in many Indian cities. Now the police force is trying to
:07:37. > :07:39.clean up the system, Using basic technology,
:07:40. > :07:44.people can use the messaging service WhatsApp to submit evidence
:07:45. > :07:49.of alleged wrongdoings, and they Compared to the amount invested to
:07:50. > :07:58.make the service more accessible to the public,
:07:59. > :08:01.I feel the economic impact on the Cracking down
:08:02. > :08:11.on often petty corruption Another big frustration many Indians
:08:12. > :08:16.have come across is that getting even official things like passports
:08:17. > :08:20.can only be done if you know the So, might technology be helping
:08:21. > :08:29.to clean up that as well? India issues over 12 million
:08:30. > :08:32.passports each year. It used to be an endless wait to get
:08:33. > :08:36.one, but now the process can take That is partly down to the
:08:37. > :08:42.technology automating the system, But the government department
:08:43. > :08:48.responsible says computers have stripped away the opportunities
:08:49. > :08:55.for under-the-table bribes. It makes
:08:56. > :09:00.the bureaucracy faceless, and also Once you make
:09:01. > :09:05.the operation cashless, From fingerprint-scanning to
:09:06. > :09:15.keeping digital records, it may seem basic, but is
:09:16. > :09:19.technology making a difference? With India increasingly looking
:09:20. > :09:23.for outside investment, often from countries with very
:09:24. > :09:25.strict anti-bribery and corruption laws, making doing business here
:09:26. > :09:32.more transparent can only help. And in the war on corruption,
:09:33. > :09:34.technology is looking Australian stocks have fallen after
:09:35. > :09:47.Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull recalled parliament and brought
:09:48. > :09:49.the Budget forward, setting Australia will hold
:09:50. > :09:53.an early election if the country's Senate fails to pass laws aimed
:09:54. > :09:58.at curbing union corruption. The government has introduced bills
:09:59. > :10:00.to re-establish a construction industry watchdog to
:10:01. > :10:07.the Senate five times. A UK exit from the EU would cause
:10:08. > :10:11.a "serious economic shock", potentially costing the country ?100
:10:12. > :10:13.billion and nearly one million jobs. That's the verdict
:10:14. > :10:16.of a report commissioned by the CBI, a lobby group which represents
:10:17. > :10:27.major business in the UK. The report was rubbished by the
:10:28. > :10:30.Vote Leave campaign group, who say employment and the economy would
:10:31. > :10:40.continue to grow after an exit. That is all for me for now. We will
:10:41. > :10:42.cover other business stories shortly when we cover the papers. See you
:10:43. > :10:49.shortly. With the increase
:10:50. > :10:51.in laser attacks on helicopters and aeroplanes, the authorities here
:10:52. > :10:54.in the UK have been thinking up new ways to protect pilots -
:10:55. > :10:58.and catch those responsible. According to the
:10:59. > :11:01.Civil Aviation Authority,