0:00:05 > 0:00:08Meet the Steller's jay.
0:00:08 > 0:00:09What a bird!
0:00:12 > 0:00:15At the moment, he does have a bit of a problem.
0:00:15 > 0:00:19It's winter, and food is scarce.
0:00:20 > 0:00:25The garden bird table is a lifeline for this jay...
0:00:28 > 0:00:30..only dozens of other birds
0:00:30 > 0:00:32are making the most of this feast,
0:00:32 > 0:00:36so the food is not going to last very long.
0:00:37 > 0:00:41But our Steller's jay here has a very clever plan.
0:00:41 > 0:00:46In fact, I'd go so far as to say it was downright devious.
0:00:46 > 0:00:49A red-shouldered hawk -
0:00:49 > 0:00:51it's the neighbourhood's top predator.
0:00:53 > 0:00:56Just the sound of its distinctive call
0:00:56 > 0:00:59sends all these birds scattering.
0:01:00 > 0:01:02The jay knows this.
0:01:02 > 0:01:07And it's about to do something that I've never seen or heard before.
0:01:12 > 0:01:15JAY IMITATES HAWK
0:01:16 > 0:01:20One jay has learned to pull off a pitch-perfect copy
0:01:20 > 0:01:22of the hawk's call.
0:01:30 > 0:01:33With the other birds tricked,
0:01:33 > 0:01:37he's got all of the food to himself.
0:01:37 > 0:01:39Look at that!
0:01:40 > 0:01:43That's nature at its most devious.
0:01:46 > 0:01:49And it turns out, the sneaky Steller's jay
0:01:49 > 0:01:53isn't the only one tricking other animals to get itself a meal.
0:02:04 > 0:02:07All across the world, animals face the same dilemma -
0:02:07 > 0:02:09find food or die.
0:02:09 > 0:02:12It really is that simple.
0:02:19 > 0:02:21And of course, there's no guarantee
0:02:21 > 0:02:24of where their next meal is coming from.
0:02:25 > 0:02:29So what can animals do to tip the balance in their favour?
0:02:33 > 0:02:36Would they lie, cheat and deceive one another
0:02:36 > 0:02:39just to get an advantage, just to survive?
0:02:39 > 0:02:40Oh, come on.
0:02:40 > 0:02:43Of course they would.
0:02:47 > 0:02:51Join me as I meet the world's sneakiest animals,
0:02:51 > 0:02:54who'll do whatever it takes to grab themselves a meal.
0:03:18 > 0:03:20The rainforest...
0:03:25 > 0:03:30..where a supremely sneaky animal faces a real challenge.
0:03:32 > 0:03:35The one thing that's apparent in a rainforest like this
0:03:35 > 0:03:38is that you're surrounded by insects.
0:03:38 > 0:03:39Just listen. OVERLAPPING CHIRPING
0:03:39 > 0:03:43There's a vast diversity of these animals living here...
0:03:44 > 0:03:48..which would make you think that if you were an insect predator,
0:03:48 > 0:03:50you'd have things pretty much your own way.
0:03:50 > 0:03:54But I've got to tell you, that isn't necessarily so.
0:03:55 > 0:03:58Lightning-fast and agile, flying insects
0:03:58 > 0:04:01are some of the hardest things to catch on the planet.
0:04:08 > 0:04:13Though one thing is guaranteed to attract their attention...
0:04:16 > 0:04:17..flowers.
0:04:17 > 0:04:20They draw in insects from far and wide
0:04:20 > 0:04:22with their promise of nectar and pollen.
0:04:24 > 0:04:28And one predator exploits this to the full.
0:04:31 > 0:04:33Meet the mantis.
0:04:37 > 0:04:39Or to give it its full name,
0:04:39 > 0:04:41the orchid mantis.
0:04:41 > 0:04:43It's very aptly named, too.
0:04:43 > 0:04:45Look at it. Its whole body
0:04:45 > 0:04:50is the perfect mimic of a flower.
0:04:52 > 0:04:56To fool its prey, this entire animal's body
0:04:56 > 0:05:00is sculpted into a deceitful disguise.
0:05:02 > 0:05:04Combined with pin-sharp vision
0:05:04 > 0:05:07and a ninja-fast strike,
0:05:07 > 0:05:11it makes this mantis a very deadly ambush predator.
0:05:25 > 0:05:28But, you know, even with cover as good as this,
0:05:28 > 0:05:31the pressure is on.
0:05:34 > 0:05:37This mantis is sub-adult at the moment,
0:05:37 > 0:05:42which means that it's got to be right on top of its game.
0:05:42 > 0:05:44It's got to kill something every few days
0:05:44 > 0:05:46or it will simply starve to death.
0:05:49 > 0:05:53The problem is, the mantis relies on an insect visiting
0:05:53 > 0:05:58the specific flower that it's sitting on to make a strike.
0:06:01 > 0:06:06It's a waiting game which could take days.
0:06:12 > 0:06:16Ever since Victorian naturalists first discovered this insect,
0:06:16 > 0:06:20there's been a suspicion that there's something more going on.
0:06:21 > 0:06:26They suspected that the mantis was doing more than just waiting around
0:06:26 > 0:06:28in a clever disguise.
0:06:30 > 0:06:33The strike rate was just too high.
0:06:34 > 0:06:37So could the mantis somehow be attracting insects
0:06:37 > 0:06:39in its own right?
0:06:43 > 0:06:47James O'Hanlon is an expert in orchid mantis behaviour,
0:06:47 > 0:06:51and he's discovering there's far more to this predator
0:06:51 > 0:06:52than first meets the eye.
0:06:54 > 0:06:56We have a simple experiment set up.
0:06:56 > 0:06:58We have two posts in the ground.
0:06:58 > 0:07:00On our first post, we have a flower.
0:07:00 > 0:07:02Our second post, a small mantis.
0:07:02 > 0:07:04And what we're going to do is watch and see
0:07:04 > 0:07:07how many of the insects that are buzzing around here
0:07:07 > 0:07:09fly up and have a look at each of our posts.
0:07:09 > 0:07:11So which one do you want to watch?
0:07:11 > 0:07:13I'm going to gamble.
0:07:13 > 0:07:16I'm going to go with the mantis. Hit me with a notebook.
0:07:23 > 0:07:25BUZZING
0:07:27 > 0:07:31Hmm. The flower is certainly attracting attention.
0:07:42 > 0:07:44Come on, mantis!
0:07:53 > 0:07:55- That's a visit.- Yeah.
0:07:55 > 0:07:56That was a visit. Excellent.
0:07:56 > 0:07:58Right. I'm off the mark.
0:08:00 > 0:08:02'After a slow start...' And another!
0:08:02 > 0:08:06'..the mantis is making headway.'
0:08:06 > 0:08:09FLUTTERING
0:08:12 > 0:08:15Oh! Did you see that?
0:08:15 > 0:08:17Fantastic.
0:08:24 > 0:08:27I've not been watching your flower, but the mantis is doing rather well.
0:08:27 > 0:08:29- Pretty impressive!- It is!
0:08:29 > 0:08:31But aside from the count,
0:08:31 > 0:08:35we've already seen something absolutely remarkable.
0:08:35 > 0:08:40Because these bees are visiting the mantis, like that -
0:08:40 > 0:08:42and it's just caught another one!
0:08:42 > 0:08:48The mantis is attracting insects independently of your flower.
0:08:48 > 0:08:50It doesn't need your flower.
0:08:50 > 0:08:53Those bees that are coming up to it think that it's a flower.
0:08:53 > 0:08:57I've done this experiment over and over again.
0:08:57 > 0:09:00More often than not, that little mantis is actually more attractive
0:09:00 > 0:09:02than the real flower.
0:09:04 > 0:09:09The mimic is better than the thing that it's mimicking.
0:09:09 > 0:09:13And that is absolutely astonishing.
0:09:15 > 0:09:18So what exactly is going on here?
0:09:22 > 0:09:27Well, we need to know how insects see the rainforest.
0:09:29 > 0:09:33Their eyes are highly sensitive to certain wavelengths of light,
0:09:33 > 0:09:38so to them flowers glow like beacons in the jungle.
0:09:40 > 0:09:44James measure the brightness of these flowers
0:09:44 > 0:09:46and compared them to the mantis.
0:09:46 > 0:09:54And remarkably, he's discovered that this dazzling fake in the forest
0:09:54 > 0:09:57is a brighter stimulus than any flower.
0:10:04 > 0:10:07Tricked into visiting a deadly trap,
0:10:07 > 0:10:09there's no escape.
0:10:17 > 0:10:21The deception at work here is aggressive mimicry,
0:10:21 > 0:10:26in that the mantis is adopting a disguise, in this case a flower,
0:10:26 > 0:10:31to lure in its prey, and that is the key.
0:10:31 > 0:10:34It's the mantis and not the flower
0:10:34 > 0:10:38which is bringing in the insects which it can then predate.
0:10:40 > 0:10:44Not only is this creature exquisitely beautiful,
0:10:44 > 0:10:47it's remarkably ruthless,
0:10:47 > 0:10:50and in my opinion, totally amazing.
0:10:51 > 0:10:53BIRDSONG
0:10:55 > 0:10:58MUSIC: One Way Or Another by Blondie
0:10:58 > 0:11:05Across the world, animals have adapted their bodies in extreme ways
0:11:05 > 0:11:08to lure their prey.
0:11:08 > 0:11:12# I'm gonna get ya, get ya, get ya, get ya, one way or another
0:11:12 > 0:11:14# I'm gonna win ya
0:11:14 > 0:11:16# I'll get ya, I'll get ya... #
0:11:18 > 0:11:20In Hawaii,
0:11:20 > 0:11:24the carnivorous caterpillar has morphed into a predatory plant.
0:11:24 > 0:11:27# One way or another
0:11:27 > 0:11:29# I'm gonna get ya, I'll get ya
0:11:29 > 0:11:31# I'll get ya, get ya, get ya... #
0:11:31 > 0:11:35The bioluminescent bait of the deep-sea anglerfish
0:11:35 > 0:11:37tempts its prey.
0:11:37 > 0:11:38# One way or another
0:11:38 > 0:11:41# I'm gonna get ya, I'll get ya
0:11:41 > 0:11:44# I'll get ya, get ya, get ya... #
0:11:44 > 0:11:46And in caves in New Zealand,
0:11:46 > 0:11:51the glow worm, with its luminous tail and sticky secretions,
0:11:51 > 0:11:54has created a tantalising trap.
0:11:54 > 0:11:56# One way or another
0:11:56 > 0:11:58# I'm gonna get ya, I'll get ya
0:11:58 > 0:12:00# I'll get ya, get ya, get ya
0:12:00 > 0:12:02# One way or another... #
0:12:02 > 0:12:05This veritable rogues' gallery
0:12:05 > 0:12:09is the result of millions of years of artful adaptation,
0:12:09 > 0:12:12all in aid of catching the next meal.
0:12:17 > 0:12:23But changing the way you look isn't the only way of setting a trap.
0:12:29 > 0:12:32Out on the prairie, a new tenant
0:12:32 > 0:12:34has moved into a deserted den...
0:12:41 > 0:12:43..a burrowing owl...
0:12:45 > 0:12:48..and she has chicks just a few weeks old,
0:12:48 > 0:12:50and they are all hungry.
0:12:50 > 0:12:53They eat insects, and lots of them.
0:12:53 > 0:12:55CHICK CHIRPS
0:13:05 > 0:13:10The female spends every waking hour trying to find enough food.
0:13:18 > 0:13:21And the stakes, well, they're really high.
0:13:21 > 0:13:26You see, 96% of all chick deaths are down to starvation.
0:13:26 > 0:13:28CHICKS CHIRP
0:13:28 > 0:13:33But, luckily, there's a sneaky solution to this problem.
0:13:37 > 0:13:41Cattle graze across these grasslands.
0:13:44 > 0:13:46And what goes in...
0:13:46 > 0:13:48must come out.
0:13:50 > 0:13:55Baked by the sun, the cow dung is ready for collection.
0:14:03 > 0:14:05Could it really be dung for dinner?
0:14:10 > 0:14:11Of course not.
0:14:11 > 0:14:16But it could be considered a rather devious dinner party...
0:14:23 > 0:14:27..because the dung attracts some unsuspecting guests.
0:14:30 > 0:14:34Little do they know, it's them who are on the menu.
0:14:43 > 0:14:45CHIRPING
0:14:54 > 0:14:58And this is where it gets really clever,
0:14:58 > 0:15:02because little insects attract bigger prey.
0:15:11 > 0:15:12Superb.
0:15:12 > 0:15:15You see, instead of flying for miles to find food,
0:15:15 > 0:15:18now she just has to walk a few metres.
0:15:20 > 0:15:24And it's rich pickings for the whole family.
0:15:30 > 0:15:34All thanks to this very crafty trap.
0:15:34 > 0:15:36CHIRPING
0:15:40 > 0:15:42Duping your dinner to come to you
0:15:42 > 0:15:44clearly has its advantages.
0:15:46 > 0:15:50But most top predators need to actively seek out their prey
0:15:50 > 0:15:52to satisfy their needs.
0:15:54 > 0:15:57And that can be a real challenge,
0:15:57 > 0:16:02because these prey animals have highly effective defence strategies.
0:16:13 > 0:16:18But what if a predator knew what its prey's defence strategy was?
0:16:18 > 0:16:23What if it used that actual strategy against that animal
0:16:23 > 0:16:25when it was hunting it?
0:16:25 > 0:16:30Well, there is one animal that's learned to do exactly that.
0:16:30 > 0:16:33And it lives out here.
0:16:40 > 0:16:42The killer whale.
0:16:44 > 0:16:49This marine mammal lives in a world of sound.
0:16:49 > 0:16:50WHALE VOCALISES
0:16:52 > 0:16:55Because visibility is limited underwater,
0:16:55 > 0:16:58killer whales use a series of sounds to communicate,
0:16:58 > 0:17:00navigate, and to hunt.
0:17:02 > 0:17:07And it's during a hunt where they use sound in a very sneaky way.
0:17:07 > 0:17:09WHALE VOCALISES
0:17:15 > 0:17:19Scientist Volker Deecke is an expert in killer whale acoustics.
0:17:22 > 0:17:26And he's recorded some astonishing underwater audio.
0:17:30 > 0:17:33I'm joining him in a specialist sound studio
0:17:33 > 0:17:35to hear his discoveries.
0:17:35 > 0:17:37WHALE CALLS
0:17:37 > 0:17:40- It's beautiful. - It's amazing, isn't it?
0:17:40 > 0:17:42Yeah.
0:17:42 > 0:17:44WHALE CALLS
0:17:44 > 0:17:49This is a group of 50 animals tracking a whole school of herring.
0:17:49 > 0:17:52Herring live in huge groups.
0:17:52 > 0:17:54When threatened by predators,
0:17:54 > 0:17:57their defensive strategy is to shoal tightly together.
0:18:01 > 0:18:04The confusing, co-ordinated movements of the school
0:18:04 > 0:18:08make it harder for predators to single out and pick off individuals.
0:18:16 > 0:18:19Herring are perfect prey for killer whales.
0:18:19 > 0:18:22But how are they going to catch them?
0:18:25 > 0:18:29Volker has recorded something quite remarkable -
0:18:29 > 0:18:32a strange sound that killer whales only make
0:18:32 > 0:18:35whilst they're hunting herring.
0:18:35 > 0:18:36Now listen carefully.
0:18:36 > 0:18:38WHALE CLICKS
0:18:38 > 0:18:39WHALE CALLS
0:18:39 > 0:18:42That's amazing. So basically, there was a lot of clicking,
0:18:42 > 0:18:45and then a single loud whistle.
0:18:45 > 0:18:48That loud sound is what we call a herding call.
0:18:48 > 0:18:51WHALE CALLS
0:18:51 > 0:18:53The herding call is a very unusual sound for killer whales.
0:18:53 > 0:18:57First of all, it's a relatively low frequency sound,
0:18:57 > 0:19:00and the other thing is it's a very, very loud sound.
0:19:00 > 0:19:05For a fish, a low frequency sound at very high volume
0:19:05 > 0:19:07is extremely dangerous.
0:19:07 > 0:19:10That sound can become a weapon.
0:19:10 > 0:19:12WHALE CALLS
0:19:14 > 0:19:16Let me explain how it works.
0:19:16 > 0:19:20Look at this. Here, a glass is being exposed
0:19:20 > 0:19:23to a very loud frequency of sound.
0:19:23 > 0:19:25ELECTRICAL TONE
0:19:25 > 0:19:27And when you crank up the volume...
0:19:27 > 0:19:30something incredible happens.
0:19:30 > 0:19:31TONE INTENSIFIES
0:19:33 > 0:19:36You can see that glass flexing.
0:19:36 > 0:19:38GLASS SMASHES
0:19:43 > 0:19:44Brilliant.
0:19:44 > 0:19:46But of course, we're not implying
0:19:46 > 0:19:49that the whales are bursting the fish with sound.
0:19:49 > 0:19:51- No.- Perhaps just making them wobble.
0:19:51 > 0:19:54We think that it's used to do something to the herring,
0:19:54 > 0:19:56to change the herring's behaviour.
0:19:56 > 0:20:01It seems that the gut-wrenching herding calls panic the herring
0:20:01 > 0:20:03and trigger their defence tactics.
0:20:05 > 0:20:08They school closely together.
0:20:08 > 0:20:10Other predators couldn't handle this.
0:20:12 > 0:20:15But this is exactly what the killer whales want.
0:20:19 > 0:20:21They've set a trap.
0:20:24 > 0:20:28With the fish in a tight ball, they have no room for manoeuvre.
0:20:32 > 0:20:35The killer whales deliver devastating tail-swipes
0:20:35 > 0:20:39with the force of an exploding grenade.
0:20:41 > 0:20:46And then the whales feast on the stunned fish.
0:20:50 > 0:20:54Sound here is being used as a deceptive weapon.
0:20:54 > 0:20:59These killer whales know that by producing that frequency of sound
0:20:59 > 0:21:03at that volume, they can modify the behaviour of the herring.
0:21:03 > 0:21:09Effectively, they can use their own defence behaviour against them,
0:21:09 > 0:21:12so the whales can feed more efficiently.
0:21:12 > 0:21:15That is pretty clever.
0:21:17 > 0:21:21But off the coast of Alaska, killer whales have a bigger challenge.
0:21:22 > 0:21:27Here, some of their main prey are seals and sea lions,
0:21:27 > 0:21:28which live along the rocky shores.
0:21:32 > 0:21:35But these animals are much more intelligent than herring,
0:21:35 > 0:21:38and they've got exceptional hearing.
0:21:40 > 0:21:45So they can detect any calls the killer whales make
0:21:45 > 0:21:47and then take evasive action.
0:21:52 > 0:21:56It would seem that the seals have the upper hand.
0:21:59 > 0:22:02But then...how can this happen?
0:22:09 > 0:22:13Volker's latest recording has the answer.
0:22:15 > 0:22:17Here we go.
0:22:19 > 0:22:24Volker recorded a pod of three killer whales tracking a seal.
0:22:24 > 0:22:26Now, listen carefully.
0:22:26 > 0:22:28SEAL SNORTS
0:22:28 > 0:22:31This is the sound of a male harbour seal -
0:22:31 > 0:22:35a vocal display that it uses to attract other females.
0:22:35 > 0:22:37So that's the seal. And the killer whale can hear that?
0:22:37 > 0:22:39They certainly can.
0:22:39 > 0:22:41The hunt is on,
0:22:41 > 0:22:44and Volker's recording reveals something extraordinary.
0:22:47 > 0:22:50And now I'm just going to increase the volume here.
0:22:50 > 0:22:52WATER RIPPLES
0:22:52 > 0:22:55- But there's no clicking. - No clicking at all.- And no whoops.
0:22:55 > 0:22:57No. This is a group of three animals,
0:22:57 > 0:23:00and they're doing all of this completely silently,
0:23:00 > 0:23:04with no calls, no echolocation, nothing at all.
0:23:04 > 0:23:06Because of course the seal would hear that.
0:23:06 > 0:23:09- They've gone into radio silence, basically.- Absolutely.
0:23:09 > 0:23:13Mum is the word when it comes to hunting for these guys.
0:23:17 > 0:23:18SILENCE
0:23:18 > 0:23:23And only when they're within striking distance do they speed up.
0:23:24 > 0:23:26WATER RIPPLES
0:23:26 > 0:23:27And...
0:23:27 > 0:23:28bam!
0:23:28 > 0:23:30Hitting the seal and grabbing it.
0:23:30 > 0:23:33- That was it getting...? - That's it.- Wow.
0:23:35 > 0:23:37It's quite profound, isn't it?
0:23:37 > 0:23:41You know, the dissociation, just hearing the sound of this event,
0:23:41 > 0:23:44- that animal being killed.- Mm-hm.
0:23:44 > 0:23:47It's gruesome, but can we hear it again?
0:23:51 > 0:23:53WATER RIPPLES
0:23:53 > 0:23:54THUMP!
0:23:56 > 0:23:59And that poor seal was trying to attract a female,
0:23:59 > 0:24:02and instead, it attracted its predator.
0:24:09 > 0:24:13So this, you see, is a form of acoustic camouflage.
0:24:15 > 0:24:18The killer whales are consciously being quiet,
0:24:18 > 0:24:21so that they can sneak up on their prey.
0:24:24 > 0:24:28The trick to the success is not making any noise at all.
0:24:30 > 0:24:31That's the clever bit.
0:24:34 > 0:24:36That's the devious bit.
0:24:44 > 0:24:47Across the world's oceans,
0:24:47 > 0:24:51killer whales and other large marine predators
0:24:51 > 0:24:55also use an artful visual ploy to help them hunt.
0:24:57 > 0:25:00Take the great white shark.
0:25:06 > 0:25:11They need stealth and surprise to launch an attack.
0:25:14 > 0:25:18The seas are vast. Great white sharks can't simply
0:25:18 > 0:25:21hang around waiting for prey to come to them.
0:25:21 > 0:25:26They've got to seek that prey out, they've got to actively go hunting.
0:25:26 > 0:25:30But underwater, in the open ocean, there is nowhere to hide.
0:25:30 > 0:25:35So how can a creature as large as a great white shark
0:25:35 > 0:25:38conceal itself whilst it's looking for that prey?
0:25:38 > 0:25:43Well, it seems they've come up with a pretty crafty solution.
0:25:46 > 0:25:50A shark's body colouration is entirely deliberate.
0:25:50 > 0:25:55Dark on top, light underneath - it's called countershading.
0:25:57 > 0:26:01Viewed from above, the dark skin of the shark's back
0:26:01 > 0:26:04blends eerily into the shadowy ocean depths.
0:26:05 > 0:26:08Seen from below, its pale underside
0:26:08 > 0:26:11matches the lighter water near the surface.
0:26:14 > 0:26:16For the illusion to really work, though,
0:26:16 > 0:26:20the shark has to disappear when it's viewed from the side,
0:26:20 > 0:26:23and this is where it gets really clever.
0:26:23 > 0:26:26Let's put countershading to the test.
0:26:29 > 0:26:32Here we have a sphere -
0:26:32 > 0:26:35uniform in colour, it's white, in fact.
0:26:35 > 0:26:38And over here, another sphere,
0:26:38 > 0:26:41but this one is painted dark grey on top
0:26:41 > 0:26:44and it's white underneath. It looks just like a shark.
0:26:47 > 0:26:51In the ocean, light from the sun always falls from above.
0:26:51 > 0:26:54So let's replicate that.
0:26:55 > 0:27:00Immediately, a shadow forms on the uniform sphere.
0:27:05 > 0:27:08In fact, it's the shadow that's cast by the top of that sphere itself.
0:27:08 > 0:27:11Look at it. It stands out a mile
0:27:11 > 0:27:13against that backdrop.
0:27:13 > 0:27:16The other sphere is very different.
0:27:21 > 0:27:23The top light falls on the grey,
0:27:23 > 0:27:27and it's balanced by the shadow that forms underneath.
0:27:27 > 0:27:30Now, let's be honest - it doesn't disappear,
0:27:30 > 0:27:34but it becomes much more two-dimensional, much flatter.
0:27:34 > 0:27:37And if I were prey and this were predator,
0:27:37 > 0:27:39it would be a lot more difficult to see.
0:27:41 > 0:27:43That's the secret of countershading.
0:27:43 > 0:27:48And that is the secret of the shark's success.
0:27:50 > 0:27:52It's a devious design
0:27:52 > 0:27:55that sharks have used to hunt their prey for millennia.
0:27:59 > 0:28:01And they're not the only ones.
0:28:05 > 0:28:08There's countershading in penguins.
0:28:10 > 0:28:11Sailfish have it.
0:28:12 > 0:28:15Even humpback whales.
0:28:20 > 0:28:21It's stealthy.
0:28:21 > 0:28:23It's smart.
0:28:25 > 0:28:27And it works.
0:28:33 > 0:28:35Deceptive strategies like these
0:28:35 > 0:28:39give predators the edge in a hunt.
0:28:42 > 0:28:45But other animals have a very different problem.
0:28:45 > 0:28:48To get the food they need to survive,
0:28:48 > 0:28:52they have to compete with others of their own species.
0:28:53 > 0:28:59And that's when things can get very sneaky indeed.
0:29:02 > 0:29:05Autumn, and change is in the air.
0:29:08 > 0:29:11This time of year is also critical,
0:29:11 > 0:29:13as animals are preparing for the winter.
0:29:13 > 0:29:18And one species' survival is inextricably linked to these -
0:29:18 > 0:29:23conkers, sweet chestnuts, hazelnuts and acorns,
0:29:23 > 0:29:27because at the moment, they're quite literally going nuts for nuts.
0:29:42 > 0:29:45Meet the grey squirrel.
0:29:48 > 0:29:51This little nut is packed full of energy.
0:29:51 > 0:29:54Carbohydrate, fat, protein -
0:29:54 > 0:29:58all in all, there's somewhere between five and ten calories in here,
0:29:58 > 0:30:01which means that a cold, hungry squirrel
0:30:01 > 0:30:06will need about 20 of these to get through a winter's day.
0:30:06 > 0:30:09It's a very valuable commodity.
0:30:09 > 0:30:14So if you come along to a park where squirrels are used to people,
0:30:14 > 0:30:18you might be able to tempt them to take it out of your hand.
0:30:24 > 0:30:26Come on, then. Come on.
0:30:27 > 0:30:29Come on!
0:30:30 > 0:30:31Come on.
0:30:39 > 0:30:41HE CHUCKLES
0:30:46 > 0:30:48Magic.
0:30:48 > 0:30:52But that nut is not for eating today.
0:30:52 > 0:30:57Squirrels will cache around 3,000 nuts in different locations
0:30:57 > 0:31:00for the lean times ahead.
0:31:00 > 0:31:03And incredibly, they'll remember
0:31:03 > 0:31:07where up to 90% of them were buried.
0:31:09 > 0:31:12There's no denying that that is remarkable.
0:31:12 > 0:31:16But there's a problem, here in the park.
0:31:16 > 0:31:20You see, thieves are lurking.
0:31:20 > 0:31:26After all, why bother to find your own nuts and then hide them,
0:31:26 > 0:31:29when you could nick someone else's?
0:31:29 > 0:31:34Whilst our squirrel buries nuts essential for his survival,
0:31:34 > 0:31:36he's being watched.
0:31:42 > 0:31:45Nut safely stored, the squirrel departs the scene.
0:31:52 > 0:31:56And the onlooker moves in for the steal.
0:32:00 > 0:32:04Undeniably devious behaviour.
0:32:04 > 0:32:08So is there anything that these nut-hoarding squirrels can do
0:32:08 > 0:32:11to throw the thieves off of the scent?
0:32:12 > 0:32:16Well, it turns out that there is,
0:32:16 > 0:32:19because they've got some sneaky strategies of their own.
0:32:23 > 0:32:27Grey squirrels will dig up nuts they've already buried
0:32:27 > 0:32:31and then rebury them in a different place,
0:32:31 > 0:32:35throwing thieves off the scent.
0:32:38 > 0:32:40But I've got to tell you, it gets better,
0:32:40 > 0:32:43because there is one situation where our squirrel
0:32:43 > 0:32:47exhibits true deceptive genius.
0:32:47 > 0:32:50And it's something that will be familiar to anyone
0:32:50 > 0:32:53who's been in the audience with a street magician.
0:32:55 > 0:32:56You know the score.
0:32:57 > 0:33:00The ball goes into one cup.
0:33:02 > 0:33:04The other two are empty.
0:33:13 > 0:33:17The trick is to work out where the ball goes.
0:33:21 > 0:33:24The key to fooling his audience
0:33:24 > 0:33:28is timing and misdirection.
0:33:30 > 0:33:33Thanks very much, ladies and gentlemen.
0:33:34 > 0:33:35Just like the magician,
0:33:35 > 0:33:38the grey squirrel has mastered sleight of hand,
0:33:38 > 0:33:42so now it's time to see deception in action.
0:33:44 > 0:33:47OK. Here's our squirrel -
0:33:47 > 0:33:50nut in mouth, poised to bury.
0:33:55 > 0:33:57And here is the thief.
0:34:02 > 0:34:05He moves closer, for a better view.
0:34:08 > 0:34:09But look!
0:34:09 > 0:34:15Does our squirrel know that he's being watched?
0:34:21 > 0:34:23Either way, he carries on.
0:34:23 > 0:34:25From the thief's point of view,
0:34:25 > 0:34:29these are the actions of a squirrel burying a nut.
0:34:36 > 0:34:37But wait!
0:34:37 > 0:34:41It turns out that our squirrel has been faking it!
0:34:42 > 0:34:49When he spotted the thief, he opted for plan B - misdirection.
0:34:50 > 0:34:54The thief has only seen what our squirrel wanted him to see.
0:34:56 > 0:34:58He carried on digging,
0:34:58 > 0:35:01but he didn't deposit the nut -
0:35:01 > 0:35:04the ultimate sleight of hand.
0:35:10 > 0:35:11Oblivious to the trick,
0:35:11 > 0:35:17the thief heads towards the freshly dug hole, only to find...
0:35:17 > 0:35:19a freshly dug hole.
0:35:21 > 0:35:22Foiled!
0:35:26 > 0:35:28And with the coast clear,
0:35:28 > 0:35:32our squirrel is free to bury his nut in a new location,
0:35:32 > 0:35:35known only to him.
0:35:46 > 0:35:52For these squirrels, this park is a hotbed of theft and deception,
0:35:52 > 0:35:57and they're pulling every trick they can out of the book
0:35:57 > 0:36:00to find their nuts and then hide them.
0:36:00 > 0:36:04But here is the really interesting thing.
0:36:04 > 0:36:07They're not fooling another species -
0:36:07 > 0:36:09they're tricking one another.
0:36:09 > 0:36:13This is a case of deception and then counter-deception
0:36:13 > 0:36:16evolving at the same time.
0:36:16 > 0:36:21And the strategies that the hoarder and the pilferer have come up with
0:36:21 > 0:36:23make these little rodents
0:36:23 > 0:36:28one of THE most successful mammals on our planet.
0:36:28 > 0:36:31So that is not nuts.
0:36:31 > 0:36:34That's pure success.
0:36:38 > 0:36:43Sleight of hand helps sneaky squirrels get one up on each other.
0:36:45 > 0:36:52But there is one animal that uses devious and far darker tactics
0:36:52 > 0:36:55on the most vulnerable of their own kind.
0:36:57 > 0:37:01A millionaires' playground off the coast of California.
0:37:03 > 0:37:07And a male sea otter is cruising the harbour.
0:37:12 > 0:37:18To get his next meal, he's got a really despicable plan.
0:37:22 > 0:37:27It involves a female sea otter and her pup.
0:37:29 > 0:37:32The pup is just old enough to accompany her mother
0:37:32 > 0:37:34on foraging trips,
0:37:34 > 0:37:37giving the male an opportunity.
0:37:48 > 0:37:50He picks the perfect moment.
0:37:52 > 0:37:56Whilst the female is fishing,
0:37:56 > 0:38:01her precious pup is all alone at the surface,
0:38:01 > 0:38:02and vulnerable.
0:38:08 > 0:38:10When the mother surfaces...
0:38:10 > 0:38:12SHE SQUEAKS
0:38:12 > 0:38:15..she hears the cries of her youngster.
0:38:15 > 0:38:17SQUEAKING
0:38:17 > 0:38:20CALL-AND-RESPONSE SQUEAKING
0:38:21 > 0:38:26Our cunning male has kidnapped the baby.
0:38:29 > 0:38:32He knows the female will come to the rescue -
0:38:32 > 0:38:36and the ransom is always the same.
0:38:42 > 0:38:44In an underwater exchange,
0:38:44 > 0:38:49the female gives up the food she's just found to the male,
0:38:49 > 0:38:52and the pup is released unharmed.
0:38:53 > 0:38:58This is called "hostage behaviour", and it's surprisingly common.
0:38:58 > 0:39:02A deliberate manipulation of female otters,
0:39:02 > 0:39:05all to get food.
0:39:10 > 0:39:15Theft is sneaky, but ultimately, it's a successful strategy.
0:39:17 > 0:39:21But just how far are animals prepared to go?
0:39:29 > 0:39:32Now, it's one thing for animals to deceive,
0:39:32 > 0:39:36cheat and steal from one another to get themselves a decent meal,
0:39:36 > 0:39:40but I've heard about something else that might be even more remarkable.
0:39:40 > 0:39:44Oh, yes - they're cheating us humans.
0:39:44 > 0:39:47I give you the world's ultimate cheeky monkey...
0:39:47 > 0:39:49CLICKS
0:39:49 > 0:39:51..the long-tailed macaque.
0:40:04 > 0:40:05The Temple of Uluwatu...
0:40:07 > 0:40:10..home to a remarkable troop of these monkeys.
0:40:12 > 0:40:16With over 300 macaques here,
0:40:16 > 0:40:19they need a lot of food.
0:40:19 > 0:40:22But temple offerings and tourist scraps
0:40:22 > 0:40:25just aren't enough for these monkey mobsters.
0:40:28 > 0:40:33No, they've got their eyes on far more nutritious fare,
0:40:33 > 0:40:37and what they're doing to get it is downright criminal.
0:40:44 > 0:40:46There are plenty of monkeys about.
0:40:46 > 0:40:49But to see what they're getting up to, I need to blend in.
0:40:49 > 0:40:52I need to disguise myself...
0:40:52 > 0:40:54as a tourist.
0:40:54 > 0:40:56My camera is absolutely de rigueur.
0:40:56 > 0:40:59Sunglasses.
0:40:59 > 0:41:00What about this?
0:41:00 > 0:41:03Everyone seems to be using these things.
0:41:03 > 0:41:05Just not me, though.
0:41:05 > 0:41:08Think I'll just stick to the old mobile phone.
0:41:12 > 0:41:13HE SIGHS
0:41:13 > 0:41:15No, going too far.
0:41:17 > 0:41:19'Attention to the visitors,
0:41:19 > 0:41:22'please be careful in bringing sunglasses,
0:41:22 > 0:41:27'hats, jewellery and other valuables that can be taken by the monkeys.
0:41:29 > 0:41:31'Thank you for your attention.'
0:41:36 > 0:41:39These monkeys are expert thieves.
0:41:42 > 0:41:44Here we go, here we go, here we go.
0:41:44 > 0:41:45Oh, and there you go.
0:41:47 > 0:41:49Brazen, audacious,
0:41:49 > 0:41:53they've worked out exactly how to get what they want.
0:42:06 > 0:42:07Oh, dear, oh, dear.
0:42:07 > 0:42:10It's like taking candy from children, it really is.
0:42:15 > 0:42:18You're a bit of a gangster, aren't you?
0:42:18 > 0:42:19You fancy yourself as a bit of a...
0:42:19 > 0:42:21sunglasses hit man?
0:42:26 > 0:42:29Look at him, look! Here he goes. Here he goes!
0:42:41 > 0:42:43I've been undercover for about an hour.
0:42:43 > 0:42:46The monkeys have been stealing all sorts of stuff, flip-flops,
0:42:46 > 0:42:50sunglasses... I managed to hang on to my own. People's hats.
0:42:50 > 0:42:53I'm told they even nick their iPhones.
0:42:53 > 0:42:56The interesting thing is, though, they're taking all of this stuff
0:42:56 > 0:43:00which is valuable to us humans, but they're not taking any food.
0:43:05 > 0:43:08MONKEY SCREECHES
0:43:08 > 0:43:11Well, obviously I spoke too soon about MY sunglasses.
0:43:14 > 0:43:19But this daylight robbery is still all about food,
0:43:19 > 0:43:22just not in the way that you'd ever expect.
0:43:27 > 0:43:29So, to understand what they're up to,
0:43:29 > 0:43:32I am giving them an irresistible opportunity.
0:43:38 > 0:43:40Oh! PEOPLE GASP
0:43:42 > 0:43:48You see, these monkeys want something in return for my phone.
0:43:48 > 0:43:52They're notorious for one thing...
0:43:52 > 0:43:54holding people to ransom.
0:43:54 > 0:43:56OK, he's got my phone.
0:43:56 > 0:44:00And there is a system by which I may be able to do this - bartering.
0:44:04 > 0:44:06OK, that's what it thinks of peanuts.
0:44:06 > 0:44:09Let's try something a little bit more valuable to it.
0:44:09 > 0:44:11Maybe a bag of bananas?
0:44:11 > 0:44:15It doesn't seem particularly interested in the bananas either,
0:44:15 > 0:44:17does he? The last prize that I have is this...
0:44:17 > 0:44:19protein in the form of eggs.
0:44:19 > 0:44:23If anything is going to get my phone back, it's this.
0:44:32 > 0:44:35Yes! HE LAUGHS
0:44:35 > 0:44:37Ah!
0:44:37 > 0:44:39HE SIGHS WITH RELIEF
0:44:41 > 0:44:42Yes, yes, yes!
0:44:44 > 0:44:46This is absolutely incredible.
0:44:46 > 0:44:51You see, these monkeys are stealing the valuables that they know
0:44:51 > 0:44:53that we want back.
0:44:53 > 0:44:56And they're using them to barter with us for food.
0:45:01 > 0:45:03They won't give up their loot,
0:45:03 > 0:45:07not until they're offered the specific food that they want,
0:45:07 > 0:45:11often the fare with the highest nutritional value.
0:45:13 > 0:45:18As negotiation and bartering are so extraordinary in the animal world,
0:45:18 > 0:45:20Jean-Baptiste and his research team
0:45:20 > 0:45:24are studying how this complex deception develops.
0:45:24 > 0:45:27But this bartering is very, very rare. It occurs only here,
0:45:27 > 0:45:29perhaps another couple of places on Earth.
0:45:29 > 0:45:31Why here and nowhere else?
0:45:31 > 0:45:35Well, the main hypothesis with this group is that it might have
0:45:35 > 0:45:38emerged from an inventor.
0:45:38 > 0:45:40- That's usually... - One animal?- Probably.
0:45:40 > 0:45:44Probably, that's how behavioural traditions typically emerge.
0:45:44 > 0:45:47It's obviously nutritionally beneficial,
0:45:47 > 0:45:49they get really something out of it.
0:45:49 > 0:45:53So, in this particular population, it spread.
0:45:53 > 0:45:56So young monkeys here are able to learn by looking at their elders,
0:45:56 > 0:45:59particularly the older males, which are the most proficient at this?
0:45:59 > 0:46:03With adult males, the entire procedure becomes very fast,
0:46:03 > 0:46:05very successful on both sides
0:46:05 > 0:46:10and, of course, the monkey gets its favourite food and the token,
0:46:10 > 0:46:14the item, is returned generally in good condition, but not always.
0:46:14 > 0:46:16Not always.
0:46:16 > 0:46:20Yeah, one of them, I have to say, ate my sunglasses, it chewed them up.
0:46:24 > 0:46:26But that was a youngster and it took them off my head
0:46:26 > 0:46:28without me even noticing.
0:46:28 > 0:46:31So very adept at stealing, but then it dashed up a tree and ate them.
0:46:31 > 0:46:33So it hadn't learned to barter yet.
0:46:33 > 0:46:37It takes time and practice to become a good player
0:46:37 > 0:46:39at this particular game, definitely.
0:46:41 > 0:46:44Monkeys are intelligent creatures.
0:46:44 > 0:46:46Like us, they have the ability to learn,
0:46:46 > 0:46:51to adapt their feeding behaviours to get the best from any situation.
0:46:53 > 0:46:55And they can outwit us in a flash...
0:46:55 > 0:46:58even some of us who should know better.
0:47:03 > 0:47:05Look at this one, look, look.
0:47:05 > 0:47:09This one's really got something valuable this time. He's got a purse.
0:47:10 > 0:47:14Oh, no. It's your purse? It's your purse?!
0:47:17 > 0:47:19I didn't realise it was one of our team's purse.
0:47:19 > 0:47:21How could you lose that? You know what they're up to!
0:47:21 > 0:47:25They've got it, they've got it, they've got the purse.
0:47:25 > 0:47:27And the money!
0:47:30 > 0:47:31Look at that.
0:47:33 > 0:47:37That's the price of carelessness at the Temple.
0:47:37 > 0:47:39- It'll be in amongst these. - I hope so.
0:47:42 > 0:47:44When it comes to getting food,
0:47:44 > 0:47:48these monkeys have got it all sewn up.
0:47:50 > 0:47:53Superb. Absolutely superb.
0:47:53 > 0:47:56This has to be one of the most fascinating
0:47:56 > 0:48:00and complex pieces of deceitful behaviour that we've seen.
0:48:00 > 0:48:02Oi!
0:48:02 > 0:48:04And you know what I really like about it?
0:48:04 > 0:48:09For once, these cheeky monkeys have turned the tables on us humans.
0:48:09 > 0:48:12It's us that's being held to ransom.
0:48:13 > 0:48:15Of course, we love their anarchic behaviour,
0:48:15 > 0:48:19even, EVEN, when we're the victims ourselves.
0:48:19 > 0:48:21It really is quite wonderful.
0:48:28 > 0:48:31In the case of this remarkable monkey heist,
0:48:31 > 0:48:34we are willing to be part of the deception.
0:48:37 > 0:48:40Yet most animals wouldn't tolerate being tricked
0:48:40 > 0:48:43time and time again for their food.
0:48:46 > 0:48:50That's certainly a problem that animals that practise deception face,
0:48:50 > 0:48:53because if they want their con to work in the long-term,
0:48:53 > 0:48:58they need to control it, to regulate it, to ensure that the victim
0:48:58 > 0:49:02is blissfully unaware that it's ever been had.
0:49:02 > 0:49:04Sounds simple, but it's not.
0:49:04 > 0:49:07It's something that is very, very difficult to do.
0:49:07 > 0:49:11But there is one animal that has perfected the art.
0:49:23 > 0:49:26Here in South Africa, there's an animal that uses
0:49:26 > 0:49:30the most extraordinary trick that I've ever heard of
0:49:30 > 0:49:32to get itself a meal.
0:49:32 > 0:49:36I give you the one and the only drongo.
0:49:38 > 0:49:41The ultimate hustler in the hunger games.
0:49:41 > 0:49:44He's one brazen bird.
0:49:48 > 0:49:50Now, it might look warm and sunny here,
0:49:50 > 0:49:53but it's winter and times are tough.
0:49:55 > 0:49:58The flying insects that the drongo usually eats
0:49:58 > 0:50:01just aren't around in these low temperatures.
0:50:03 > 0:50:06The only grubs and insects here live underground.
0:50:08 > 0:50:10And other animals are far better equipped to dig them up
0:50:10 > 0:50:12than our drongo.
0:50:15 > 0:50:18So how is he going to get this food?
0:50:21 > 0:50:26This exquisite bird has evolved a very devious strategy
0:50:26 > 0:50:28to deal with just this problem.
0:50:28 > 0:50:33You see, its very survival rests on a knife edge,
0:50:33 > 0:50:35so it's turned to a life of crime.
0:50:37 > 0:50:41And although it may not look it, the drongo here...
0:50:43 > 0:50:45..is a con artist of the highest order.
0:50:47 > 0:50:52In the world of the con, an elaborate hustle plays out
0:50:52 > 0:50:53between the player...
0:50:55 > 0:50:56..the drongo...
0:50:58 > 0:51:01..and the victim of the con, the mark.
0:51:03 > 0:51:07And the mark, in this case, is another species of bird,
0:51:07 > 0:51:09a sociable weaver.
0:51:09 > 0:51:13And they feed on the ground, using their large powerful bills
0:51:13 > 0:51:15to dig up the food.
0:51:15 > 0:51:18But out in the open, they are vulnerable to predators.
0:51:24 > 0:51:28And that's where the drongo comes in.
0:51:28 > 0:51:32So what is the drongo offering the weaver?
0:51:32 > 0:51:36It's offering it something that is the singularly most important
0:51:36 > 0:51:39thing for a small bird like this...
0:51:39 > 0:51:41protection.
0:51:50 > 0:51:55When trouble looms, the drongo lets the weavers know about it.
0:51:55 > 0:51:57DRONGO CALLS
0:51:57 > 0:51:58..with an alarm call.
0:52:01 > 0:52:03When the danger is gone...
0:52:05 > 0:52:07DRONGO WHISTLES
0:52:07 > 0:52:09..he gives them an all-clear call.
0:52:19 > 0:52:24It looks to me as if the first stage of the con has been established,
0:52:24 > 0:52:28in the sense that they are clearly trusting the drongo's call.
0:52:30 > 0:52:32So far, so good.
0:52:34 > 0:52:37But now let's see how this hustle actually plays out.
0:52:42 > 0:52:46With the drongo on lookout duty, the weavers spend less time
0:52:46 > 0:52:49worrying about predators and more time foraging...
0:52:51 > 0:52:53..digging up that vital food.
0:53:01 > 0:53:03DRONGO CALLS
0:53:03 > 0:53:05The drongo's alarm call...
0:53:05 > 0:53:07and that means danger.
0:53:09 > 0:53:11But all is not what it seems.
0:53:13 > 0:53:17The alarm call was, in fact, a fake.
0:53:17 > 0:53:19There is no predator.
0:53:19 > 0:53:20DRONGO CALLS
0:53:39 > 0:53:44And with the weavers gone, the drongo eats all the food they just dug up.
0:53:55 > 0:53:58And then he gives the all-clear call.
0:53:58 > 0:54:00DRONGO WHISTLES
0:54:04 > 0:54:05Within minutes,
0:54:05 > 0:54:10the drongo is back on duty and the weavers are none the wiser.
0:54:14 > 0:54:16Now, he's got to keep his side of the bargain.
0:54:16 > 0:54:19He's got to protect them from real predators...
0:54:21 > 0:54:23..or they'll get wise to his protection racket.
0:54:25 > 0:54:30But, in fact, the drongos' con gets much more sophisticated than this.
0:54:36 > 0:54:41The drongos' con routine is actually so effective that they've learned
0:54:41 > 0:54:46to employ it upon many other species of animal, including these guys...
0:54:48 > 0:54:50..meerkats.
0:54:54 > 0:54:57They're much smarter than the weavers,
0:54:57 > 0:54:59so the drongo needs to raise his game.
0:55:05 > 0:55:07Meerkats have their own lookout.
0:55:07 > 0:55:09It's one that they entrust with their lives.
0:55:12 > 0:55:14Yet, if there are predators about,
0:55:14 > 0:55:17a second pair of eyes is always very useful.
0:55:17 > 0:55:19And the drongo can exploit this.
0:55:21 > 0:55:23That food has caught his eye.
0:55:23 > 0:55:25DRONGO CALLS
0:55:25 > 0:55:28He makes a fake alarm call.
0:55:30 > 0:55:32It should send them running...
0:55:33 > 0:55:35MEERKAT BARKS
0:55:35 > 0:55:40But no, the meerkats aren't fooled that easily.
0:55:40 > 0:55:42He needs another plan.
0:55:49 > 0:55:53And what the drongo does now is really sneaky.
0:55:59 > 0:56:01BARKING
0:56:01 > 0:56:06From out of the blue, it's the sound of a meerkat alarm call.
0:56:07 > 0:56:10But that was no meerkat.
0:56:11 > 0:56:13DRONGO MIMICS A MEERKAT
0:56:13 > 0:56:15BARKING
0:56:15 > 0:56:17No, that was our drongo.
0:56:23 > 0:56:25The sneaky devil has switched tactics
0:56:25 > 0:56:28and, by mimicking the meerkats' own alarm call,
0:56:28 > 0:56:30he tricks them completely
0:56:30 > 0:56:34and gets all the food for himself.
0:56:38 > 0:56:42The drongo is the ultimate con artist.
0:56:42 > 0:56:44Depending on the situation,
0:56:44 > 0:56:49he decides which of his repertoire of fake calls to use.
0:56:49 > 0:56:54And this means his targets never get wise to his tricks.
0:56:55 > 0:56:58When it comes to finding food,
0:56:58 > 0:57:02this little bird has pulled off the most phenomenal con,
0:57:02 > 0:57:06to the extent that, if it thinks for just a moment that the mark is going
0:57:06 > 0:57:11to figure out the trick, it changes it to guarantee success.
0:57:11 > 0:57:15That, you've got to admit, is remarkable
0:57:15 > 0:57:20and surely makes this one of the most devious animals on our planet.
0:57:20 > 0:57:24And I, for one, have developed a real admiration for the drongo.
0:57:24 > 0:57:27What a bird...what a bird!
0:57:32 > 0:57:36So, we've met the extraordinary animals that will lie,
0:57:36 > 0:57:39cheat and steal their way to their next meal...
0:57:42 > 0:57:48..sneaky strategies that ensure that they'll live to see another day.
0:57:58 > 0:58:01Next time, sex and lies in the mating game.
0:58:04 > 0:58:08We meet the animals tricking others to win a mate
0:58:08 > 0:58:11and then raise their young,
0:58:11 > 0:58:15the seductive sneaks, the cheats, the love rats.
0:58:15 > 0:58:19These animals definitely don't play by the rules.