Episode 1

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:00:15. > :00:20.live from the Air Traffic Control tower right in the heart of Heathrow

:00:20. > :00:25.Airport. We are going to be giving you unprecedented access to behind

:00:25. > :00:29.the scenes operations that make Heathrow one of the most important

:00:29. > :00:39.trt hubs in the -- transport hubs in the world. You will never have seen

:00:39. > :00:49.

:00:49. > :00:54.this stuff before. So doors to been expecting Dan Snow to be here.

:00:54. > :01:00.Well due to family reasons, Dan can't host the show. So it is down

:01:00. > :01:07.to me to be your guide to this astonishing airport. The biggest and

:01:07. > :01:12.busiest in the country. One of the most important in the world. Now,

:01:12. > :01:19.first let me tell you where I am. We have a camera at the fire station

:01:19. > :01:24.and if we cut to them. You can see I'm about 60 metres up on the Air

:01:24. > :01:30.Traffic Control tower, with the most a I stoppishing view over the whole

:01:30. > :01:36.of Heathrow Airport's site. It is such a vast area, almost five square

:01:36. > :01:41.miles. Holding five different terminals, terminal Two is not in

:01:41. > :01:48.operation at the moment. But it sees a staggering number of people coming

:01:48. > :01:52.through here every day and every year. 70 million passengers. And to

:01:52. > :02:00.look after those 70 million passengers and get them off the

:02:00. > :02:05.ground and into the air takes 76,000 people. So I am up here on the

:02:05. > :02:14.tower, looking out over this extraordinary view. Really feeling

:02:14. > :02:21.very much above it all. But Anita is right in the thick of it down there

:02:21. > :02:25.in Terminal 3. Terminal 3, peer 6 to be precise. While we are normally

:02:25. > :02:29.kicking back in the departure lounge, this is where it is

:02:29. > :02:39.happening. Behind me is a departure gate, it is twice the size of a

:02:39. > :02:40.

:02:40. > :02:50.normal gate. It is designed to cope with that beast, the Airbus A380. It

:02:50. > :02:53.

:02:53. > :02:58.can take 753 passengers and it has just come in and is being

:02:58. > :03:03.off-loaded. Over there, you have an empty stand. That is waiting for a

:03:03. > :03:12.Qantas flight that will depart at 9. 30. It should be getting toed

:03:12. > :03:21.somewhere over there and I think Dan is on board. I'm having a go.

:03:21. > :03:26.Welcome to the cockpit of the A380. It was taken to a stand where it has

:03:26. > :03:30.been sitting all day and it is about to make its journey for its flight

:03:30. > :03:35.tonight. We are heading to the gate now. We are not actually moving

:03:35. > :03:41.under our own steam, we are being toed by -- towed by a tug. Because

:03:41. > :03:46.it is such a huge aircraft, you can't see what is going on. Like the

:03:46. > :03:51.cameras you have in your car, that is the tug that is showing it is

:03:51. > :03:57.attached to the landing gear. You have sat-nav so you know where to

:03:57. > :04:02.go. They haven't left me up here on my own. I'm with John Campbell, who

:04:02. > :04:11.is a brake rider. We will find out more about him in a moment. Now,

:04:11. > :04:17.back to you Kate, in the tower. is amazing that I'm watching his

:04:17. > :04:22.progress going past me. We will be joining him later. But Heathrow is

:04:22. > :04:27.the busiest airport in the country and one of the busiest in the world.

:04:27. > :04:34.It goes on 24 hours a day. Over the next four nights we will be

:04:34. > :04:40.introducing you the people who keep this ever-shifting picture on the

:04:40. > :04:50.move. First let's introduce you to the star of the programme -

:04:50. > :04:52.

:04:52. > :05:01.Heathrow! Heathrow is a familiar landmark. A place we think we know.

:05:01. > :05:11.70 million of us travel through here each year. Jetting off to 184

:05:11. > :05:13.

:05:13. > :05:19.destinations. In 80 different countries. Contact ground. Hold

:05:19. > :05:26.November 2. Love it or hate it, as a passengers you only see a fraction

:05:26. > :05:33.of what makes Heathrow tick. Behind the scenes the airport's 76,000

:05:33. > :05:39.workers are at the sharp end of a relentless global relay race. The

:05:39. > :05:45.turn around managers make sure you and your bags make the flight.

:05:45. > :05:51.have to get passengers on board, cargo on. It doesn't always go to

:05:51. > :05:55.plan. That passenger has failed to show. His bags have been removed.

:05:55. > :06:03.Missing passengers, missing bags and even the weather can threaten to

:06:03. > :06:09.throw a spanner in the works. The four terminals are small cities in

:06:09. > :06:17.themselves. Heathrow has its own firefighters. Weather forecasters.

:06:17. > :06:22.And even painters. Engineers work around-the-clock. This aircraft has

:06:22. > :06:31.just arrived from America. We are going to give it a check. Because

:06:31. > :06:37.planes on the ground aren't earning any money. Clear for take off.

:06:37. > :06:43.Sitting calmly above this organisational jigsaw are the Air

:06:43. > :06:49.Traffic Controllers. Moving 200,000 of us on our way every day. It is

:06:49. > :06:55.challenging, because it is so complex. There is very little time

:06:56. > :07:04.to think. They orchestrate takeoffs and landings and manage the traffic

:07:04. > :07:09.on the ground. I'm surrounded by computers. But the core

:07:09. > :07:18.decision-making is still done by the human. With the plane landing or

:07:18. > :07:25.take gt off every -- or taking off every 45 seconds, this is the

:07:25. > :07:28.never-ending daily dance that goes on day after day. If you thought

:07:28. > :07:32.Strictly Come Dancing was complicated, you should be standing

:07:32. > :07:40.on this balcony. Just looking at the extraordinary dance as we have said

:07:40. > :07:46.is going on. Dave Marshall we met in the film. You are an Air Traffic

:07:46. > :07:51.Controller, my new hue row -- hero and you train Air Traffic

:07:51. > :07:55.Controllers for NATS? Yes.Is it right that you and all your

:07:55. > :08:03.colleagues above up control every single movement of every plane that

:08:03. > :08:09.we are witnessing here? Yes, it is complex and the complexity is on the

:08:10. > :08:15.ground more than in the air. We have a group of guys up stairs who are

:08:15. > :08:22.like a big jigsaw. This plane that is really making a noise, that will

:08:22. > :08:30.be your guys, saying go along, hang a right, turn left. Yes they will

:08:30. > :08:35.give it instrubss -- instructions so we get it safely to its stand on the

:08:35. > :08:41.runway. We will find out more about Air Traffic Control and we have been

:08:41. > :08:47.fifen -- given incredible access, the first time ever, into the visual

:08:47. > :08:53.Croall room. That is -- visual control room. But how is Dallas

:08:53. > :08:58.getting on? I hope he hasn't crashed. I had never even heard of a

:08:58. > :09:06.brake rider. What do they do? many people don't know about us. We

:09:06. > :09:12.work as part of a three-man team. We have two down stairs and I'm the

:09:12. > :09:18.brake rider on the aircraft. It is my job to insbebgt and -- inspect

:09:18. > :09:24.the aircraft before the tow. And most importantly, I have got my feet

:09:24. > :09:29.here on the brake pedals. Now, I hopefully don't have to use those.

:09:29. > :09:34.But if the tow bar that we are using were to break, I have to apply these

:09:34. > :09:40.brakes to bring the aircraft to a stop. Is it likely that the tow bar

:09:40. > :09:48.will break? What is the crucial moment where it could break?

:09:48. > :09:53.most critical times are when we are making a tight turn. This is our

:09:53. > :09:58.stand and we are going to be turning here. This, we should be able to

:09:58. > :10:05.feel it. Has it ever broken with you in charge? Are you responsible for a

:10:05. > :10:13.tow bar destruction? On two occasions I have had one break. Not

:10:13. > :10:20.on an A380. But two occasions and it is scary. To give you an idea of why

:10:20. > :10:27.you don't want to see an A380 loose. We have got, this is the gear weight

:10:27. > :10:33.and what we are talking about 315,000 kilograms. Imagine that

:10:33. > :10:40.loose. That would do some serious damage? Yes it would.We are coming

:10:40. > :10:46.into the gate now. How does the tug driver know where to stop? In front

:10:46. > :10:49.of us we have a safe dock system. This what is all the pilots use. It

:10:49. > :10:57.is telling us where we need to be in relation to the centre of the stand

:10:57. > :11:05.and when to stop. You're brilliant, thank you for getting us here safe.

:11:05. > :11:10.That all went smoothly, they're now parked up. Once an air plane is

:11:10. > :11:13.parked, do you relinquish control? Once it is safely on the stand it is

:11:13. > :11:20.under the jurisdiction of the airline. What is interesting, you

:11:20. > :11:26.have got these planes that are able to move by itself, so why have a

:11:26. > :11:31.tow? Adding to to complexity on the ground, we have 200 towing movements

:11:31. > :11:37.a day. We tow them, because you need a pilot to drive the plane and you

:11:37. > :11:41.would lose a lot of fuel and we are concerned about noise pollution. So

:11:41. > :11:48.the safest thing is to tow them. would like to find out more about

:11:48. > :11:58.what you guys do. And Air Traffic Control I think it is fair to say is

:11:58. > :12:05.

:12:05. > :12:11.a complicated matter. Let's give you metres tall. High enough to see the

:12:11. > :12:16.end of both run ways. At the top is the visual control room. This is the

:12:16. > :12:22.visual control room. It is a glass cab on top of a pole and it has been

:12:22. > :12:28.likened to the world's biggest patio heater. Running an airport requires

:12:28. > :12:33.skill and focus. The demands are such that controllers here by law

:12:33. > :12:43.are not allowed to work more than 90 minutes at a time. They're

:12:43. > :12:45.

:12:45. > :12:55.considered to be the best in the world. Air Traffic Control is split

:12:55. > :12:56.

:12:56. > :13:02.into key sections. Today Stef is on arrivals, Davies on departures and

:13:02. > :13:05.Ade on ground control. Just turn right around the corner. Controllers

:13:05. > :13:14.give pilots permission to push back and start their engines. Then they

:13:14. > :13:19.direct them safely to the runway. Push 533. Push, I'll call you back.

:13:19. > :13:25.With up to 1500 ground movements a day, and with planes not designed to

:13:25. > :13:31.reverse, a ground controller can't afford to make any mistakes. We're

:13:31. > :13:36.absolutely surrounded by compute computers and IT to help us, to

:13:36. > :13:40.assist us to do our jobs. But the core decision making is still done

:13:40. > :13:43.by the human, because every single situation is different and you've

:13:43. > :13:49.got to be able to look at the whole picture and make decisions based on

:13:49. > :13:53.all those things. With 18 miles of taxiways, Ade can't look after all

:13:54. > :14:02.the ground traffic on his own. position is looking after Terminal

:14:02. > :14:06.5. That entire area is being controlled by these two guys.

:14:06. > :14:12.team of ground controllers shepherd the planes to holding points just

:14:12. > :14:21.short of the runway. They then hand them over to Davies, who is on

:14:21. > :14:27.departures today. Davies will clear planes to take off as efficiently as

:14:27. > :14:31.possible. To do that he needs to organise them. It's about maximising

:14:31. > :14:39.that runway usage during the times that we're allowed to operate moving

:14:39. > :14:45.aircraft as safely, but as exe dishsly as we can. Departures isn't

:14:45. > :14:49.about first come, first served. Gaps have to be left between take-offs to

:14:49. > :14:55.allow air turbulence to clear behind the departing plane. Smaller

:14:55. > :15:00.aircraft must leave a bigger gap behind larger aircraft. So Davies

:15:00. > :15:06.organising planes by size, weight and departure route to allow them to

:15:06. > :15:09.take off much closer together. all about looking at the traffic you

:15:09. > :15:14.have already and trying to anticipate the traffic that might be

:15:14. > :15:18.coming your way. As a passenger it might feel like other planes are

:15:18. > :15:26.queue jumping, but in fact, the controller is actually trying to

:15:26. > :15:32.minimise delays. On a good day, Davies can get planes off the ground

:15:32. > :15:36.just Just A Minute apart. Sitting behind the departures

:15:37. > :15:41.controller, Stef is on arrivals. It's her job to safely manage the

:15:41. > :15:42.steady stream of planes coming in to land. Planes begin their final

:15:42. > :15:47.approach into Heathrow about 12 approach into Heathrow about 12

:15:47. > :15:52.miles out. They are guided in by the instrument landing system or ILS.

:15:52. > :15:56.This is a collection of radio signals beamed out from the airport,

:15:56. > :16:02.a bit like a highly sophisticated sat nav for the runway. It means

:16:02. > :16:07.planes can land in any kind of visibility. We obviously can't talk

:16:07. > :16:13.to Stef while she's on duty, but Davies, now on a break, explains --

:16:13. > :16:18.Dave, now on a break, explains how it works. The arrivals controller is

:16:18. > :16:23.trying to maximise the use of the runway. If you're busy in arrivals,

:16:23. > :16:26.it's challenging. If you've got less than three miles space in between

:16:26. > :16:34.each aircraft, which we do here at Heathrow, then it can gets a bit

:16:34. > :16:39.tight. You do give safe, but late landing clearances. The aircraft is

:16:39. > :16:46.rolling out on the runway now. The next aircraft is at one mile. It

:16:46. > :16:50.tails off the runway. She issues the landing clearance. If it's too tight

:16:50. > :16:54.or too fast, she will coordinate with the radar control to slow it

:16:54. > :16:59.down. But if you slow that one down, have you to slow the next one and

:16:59. > :17:05.the next one down. This the conveyor belt of aeroplanes that we get daily

:17:05. > :17:11.at Heathrow, every hour of every day. Finally, Stef hands the plane

:17:11. > :17:18.back to the ground controller, who will guide it safely to its stand.

:17:18. > :17:23.The new stand for you is 551. end of a day, Heathrow air traffic

:17:23. > :17:27.control will have safe live handled nearly 1400 take-offs and landings.

:17:27. > :17:32.No-one else in the world squeezes as many aircraft through two strips of

:17:32. > :17:36.Tarmac. When you meet people for the first time and say, I'm an air

:17:36. > :17:40.traffic controller, the first thing they say is" I bet that's really

:17:40. > :17:45.stressful." In fact, because of the level of training that you get, it

:17:45. > :17:52.means that you're so able to deal with the pressures and challenges

:17:52. > :17:56.that this airport presents. There is very little stress. After someone

:17:56. > :17:59.takes over and you unplug and you walk down stairs with a sense of

:18:00. > :18:09.satisfaction because actually you've just moved 9,000 or 10,000 people

:18:10. > :18:16.

:18:16. > :18:23.because we are the first ever live camera team to be allowed up here.

:18:23. > :18:28.This is VCR, the visual control room. This is Dave's domain, this is

:18:28. > :18:33.like your palace. Yes.A operational area. That means if you tell us to

:18:34. > :18:37.get out, we can't argue. This is safety critical. If I say go, we go.

:18:37. > :18:44.We'll do that. What would be great would be to have a look around, if

:18:44. > :18:49.we can. Yeah.How high up are we here? We're 86 metres up in the

:18:49. > :18:54.tower now. It gives us a great view. It does. Not so great on a cloudy

:18:54. > :18:59.day. Presumably air traffic controllers can't have vertigo.

:18:59. > :19:02.we're not allowed. Let's meet the team. If you could pan down to that

:19:02. > :19:07.table, there were donuts on that earlier. They were, the boss has

:19:07. > :19:14.eaten them all. They're gone. But just introduce us to some of your

:19:14. > :19:18.team. Yes, today our supervisor is here. He's overseeing the operation,

:19:18. > :19:24.the flow rates inbound and outbound, looking after staff, ensuring they

:19:24. > :19:28.don't sit in the seat too long because we have regulated hours.

:19:28. > :19:33.Presumably this is a very high pressure job. So how long can

:19:33. > :19:38.somebody of on a shift? We do eight-hour shifts. We would only

:19:38. > :19:43.ever control for a maximum of 90 minutes in one control position,

:19:43. > :19:49.then we must legally have a 30 minute break. The guys standing

:19:49. > :19:53.here, what are they doing? We have got Graham and Gavin. Graham is the

:19:53. > :19:57.ground controller. He's looking after a certain bit. We divide the

:19:57. > :20:00.ground area into bits because, to make it more manageable. Graham is

:20:00. > :20:07.responsible for the north and east section of the airfield at the

:20:07. > :20:12.moment. Gavin, his trusty assistant, is his second eyes and ears. , the

:20:12. > :20:14.plane that we saw Dallas on would be controlled by one of your ground

:20:14. > :20:19.controllers, they would give the instructions to that plane?

:20:19. > :20:25.Certainly, yes. All the people down here are ground controllers?

:20:25. > :20:28.this chap is Matt. He's doing ground movement planner at the moment.

:20:28. > :20:33.That's regulating the amount of traffic that's going out to the

:20:33. > :20:37.holding point. If he starts too much, we're burning unnecessary fuel

:20:37. > :20:41.which costs the airline and CO 2 emissions. He's regulating the

:20:41. > :20:47.amount of traffic that's out there. You are sitting as a passenger in

:20:47. > :20:51.your plane at stand going, why aren't we leaving? It's because he's

:20:51. > :20:55.saying, if you do, you're just going to be sitting in a queue burning

:20:55. > :20:59.fuel and not doing the environment any good. We are really aware of the

:20:59. > :21:03.environmental issues these days. We're working to minimise the amount

:21:03. > :21:07.of CO 2 emissions and the cost to the airlines. We have two familiar

:21:07. > :21:12.faces. We saw them in the film. Sitting up above everybody else

:21:12. > :21:16.here. What makes these two so special? We like to call this our

:21:16. > :21:22.nut club podium. We elevate these guys so they can see over the top of

:21:22. > :21:28.everyone else and onto the runway. Ade is looking out to the north

:21:28. > :21:31.doing arrivals. And he has the lovely Stef looking at the southern

:21:31. > :21:36.runway doing departures. She's shuffling the departures to make

:21:36. > :21:41.sure she gets the maximum use out of the runway. People paid to do one

:21:41. > :21:46.particular job? Ade was doing ground control in the film. When you're

:21:46. > :21:50.training up here, you train in every position, so the one license

:21:50. > :21:54.qualifies you for all these positions. Be finding out a lot more

:21:54. > :22:02.about air traffic control throughout the series. But now let's go back to

:22:02. > :22:06.Anita on the ground. Yes the magnificent A380. It's still

:22:06. > :22:10.being loaded up behind me. Heathrow has had to adapt to these huge

:22:10. > :22:14.passenger planes. It's one of the first airports in the world to have

:22:14. > :22:19.done. So that's because they need extra long runways for departure and

:22:19. > :22:23.take-off. They need departure gates twice the size as normal gates.

:22:23. > :22:27.Heathrow is constantly evolving. Cow describe it as a perm nents -- you

:22:27. > :22:37.could describe it as a permanent building site. But it's a far cry,

:22:37. > :22:37.

:22:37. > :22:42.all these MoD everyone -- modern terminals, it's a far cry from where

:22:42. > :22:45.it all began. Ti, was April 1944 that history came

:22:45. > :22:53.to these country fields. An airport was required to finish off the

:22:53. > :22:57.Japanese. The landscape was changed and the past obliterated. The

:22:57. > :23:02.airport started life as a private aerodrome to the west of London.

:23:02. > :23:05.Requisitioned for a war before construction was even -- that was

:23:05. > :23:11.over before construction was even complete. The planning ect

:23:11. > :23:17.transformed into the capital's newest civil airport. It took its

:23:17. > :23:22.name from the village it replaced, Heathrow. These wartime foundations

:23:23. > :23:32.are still the basis of the airport today. You just have to know where

:23:33. > :23:34.

:23:34. > :23:41.to look. A hotel now stands on the site of the original check-in. Keith

:23:41. > :23:47.worked here when the airport opened in 1946. This would have been the

:23:47. > :23:51.north side parking area, the Tarmac area where the aircraft were parked.

:23:51. > :23:57.'46 initially we only had a very primitive accommodation. They were

:23:57. > :24:02.very basic. Service tents, duck boards everywhere. It was so wet and

:24:02. > :24:08.muddy everywhere. It was extremely basic, but there was... That had a

:24:08. > :24:13.WH Smith in it. Indeed. Quite nice upholstery on the chairs, plenty of

:24:13. > :24:23.decorations. They did their best in the circumstances. But it was very,

:24:23. > :24:24.

:24:24. > :24:32.very difficult indeed. First day of the new year, this flight starts off

:24:32. > :24:36.from Heathrow, which will be the future civil airport of London.

:24:36. > :24:43.only had converted Lancasters, because the country was lobing at

:24:43. > :24:53.the time of course. -- broke at the time of course. At midday on that

:24:53. > :24:54.

:24:54. > :24:59.cold morning off he went to bans ires. -- Bu -- Buenos Aries. Did you

:24:59. > :25:03.think it would be so big? No, we thought it would grow pretty fast,

:25:04. > :25:07.but nothing on the scale of these days, we had no idea at all.

:25:07. > :25:12.modern airport still lives in the footprint of the old one. Tents have

:25:12. > :25:16.been replaced with terminals. Lancastrians with a myriad of shiny

:25:16. > :25:19.newspaper aircraft. But this one very important piece of

:25:19. > :25:26.infrastructure that remains, something no airport could ever be

:25:27. > :25:32.without. Taking to me see it is Simon. He's worked in airfield

:25:32. > :25:38.operations for over 20 years. It's a riskive place for

:25:38. > :25:44.sightseeing. We're going to cross now one of the original runways, in

:25:44. > :25:47.fact the first runway. Heathrow's northern runway dates back to the

:25:47. > :25:57.very first days as a military airfield, a piece of history used

:25:57. > :25:57.

:25:57. > :26:05.all day every day. Holding short north of Alpha seven, permission to

:26:05. > :26:12.cross runway 27 right. Leader eight plus one crossing 27 right now.

:26:12. > :26:19.Here we go, original concrete in front of us underneath. Vacating

:26:19. > :26:24.original concrete, modern runway, landing aircraft there. Presumably

:26:24. > :26:28.that was one runway. In the war time they used to have triangles so

:26:28. > :26:32.planes could take off in three directions. Correct. That's the base

:26:32. > :26:37.of the triangle. The next two legs pointed out towards the south.

:26:37. > :26:43.demand for air travel grew, so did Heathrow. But the 1950s, three

:26:43. > :26:48.runways had been turned into six, a distinctive star Star of David

:26:48. > :26:56.layout. The prevailing westerly wind ments only two of these saw regular

:26:56. > :27:01.use, the two that remain today. Are the other runways been eating

:27:01. > :27:07.up? Swallowed up with the development and constant building

:27:07. > :27:11.that Heathrow has had over the past 50 years. 63,000 people used the

:27:11. > :27:13.airport in the first year. Ten years later, numbers had soared to a

:27:13. > :27:16.later, numbers had soared to a later, numbers had soared to a

:27:16. > :27:20.million. Britain's giant air terminal at London Airport is

:27:20. > :27:25.rapidly being developed into the finest in the world. Heathrow came

:27:25. > :27:29.to epitomise the glamour of air travel, enjoyed by a privileged few.

:27:29. > :27:32.The airport felt like it was part of a bright new future. For those who

:27:32. > :27:33.aspired to join the jet set, it aspired to join the jet set, it

:27:33. > :27:41.aspired to join the jet set, it aspired to join the jet set, it

:27:41. > :27:45.became ape destination in itself. From the age of ten myself and my

:27:45. > :27:51.friends would cycle into the terminal area and go on to the

:27:51. > :27:57.viewing deck. And they laid it on. You could eat and have all sorts of

:27:57. > :28:02.activities? Yes the roof guardens had a -- gardens had a small

:28:02. > :28:09.playground a paddling pool, there were shops. The Queens building has

:28:09. > :28:14.a cinema and a theatre. The idea was to come for recreation. There is a

:28:14. > :28:17.famous shot of the Beatles arriving back from America and the roof

:28:17. > :28:24.gardens at the time being mobbed with thousands of people that

:28:24. > :28:30.arrived just to see the show unfolding. Cheaper tickets opened

:28:31. > :28:36.air travel to the masses and Heathrow evolved to keep pace with

:28:36. > :28:40.more aircraft and more buildings. But the foundations remain the same.

:28:40. > :28:43.In terms of infrastructure, the buildings have needed to make room

:28:43. > :28:48.for bigger, better and improved facilities. They were not designed

:28:48. > :28:54.for the amount of passengers, or the operation. Yet, those early

:28:54. > :29:00.decisions that were made by the plan verse defined character of the

:29:00. > :29:06.airport? Yes, it is still reassuring that that base foundation of a

:29:06. > :29:12.runway is still there, a plane was cleared to take off in 46, planes

:29:12. > :29:17.are still being cleared to take off on that same runway. It provided a

:29:17. > :29:21.framework for the rest of the infrastructure. It is incredible how

:29:21. > :29:25.far we have come in 67 years, from a tent to this. And to give you a

:29:26. > :29:35.sense of where we are now, we are in the apex of that triangle you saw.

:29:35. > :29:42.As you know, this huge Airbus will be taking off at 5 past 10. They are

:29:42. > :29:48.loading the luggage and this is the man who does the engineering checks.

:29:48. > :29:55.We will start off the walk around check from the nose. We will work

:29:55. > :30:00.back down under the wing, to the tail. You do it visually?Yes.

:30:00. > :30:07.you doing it, you walk around. You start at the front. We are looking

:30:07. > :30:12.at the probes here. So we have probes measuring air temperature and

:30:12. > :30:17.airspeed and that is sent up to the flight deck. That is sent to the

:30:17. > :30:24.crew and the Air Traffic Control tower. What happens if there is

:30:24. > :30:29.something that doesn't look right. If there is any damage, we will

:30:29. > :30:34.evaluate that and repair it as necessary. So let's have a look at

:30:34. > :30:38.these things, the wheels, what happens if you see a fault? It is

:30:38. > :30:45.just like a car tyre, they can wear. So we will change that, that is

:30:45. > :30:53.considered routine work. You change it while it is here? Yes.How big is

:30:53. > :31:03.the jack? About 160 tonnes. It is hydraulically activated. Are these

:31:03. > :31:08.the light Wes see? Yes -- the lights we see. Yes. I'm very excited to be

:31:08. > :31:13.walking under this huge plane. Back here it is noisy. You have got this,

:31:13. > :31:20.what I am intrigued by this. What is that? That is the drain mast. So we

:31:20. > :31:27.eject the water out of the aircraft into the atmosphere at altitude. Why

:31:27. > :31:34.is it hot? Because we don't want the water to freeze, it is minus 56

:31:34. > :31:39.degrees. It is no toilet water?No it is sink water. It is coffee. I

:31:39. > :31:44.never knew water was ejected from a plane. This is the business end.

:31:44. > :31:49.Here where the engines are. What is happening? We service the engine

:31:49. > :31:54.with oil. That is routine. We do a visual inspection, but we pay

:31:54. > :32:00.attention to the fan blades, and the condition of the cowlings and skin.

:32:00. > :32:04.How is it looking? It is looking perfect. Then the pilots will have a

:32:04. > :32:08.check? Yes, they will do what they have done. So it is checked twice.

:32:08. > :32:15.You have one hour and 34 minutes before it has to set off and you

:32:15. > :32:20.have some more work to do. I will leave you to it. Kate, back to you.

:32:20. > :32:25.Thank you. I am gazing over the balcony and I have a confession to

:32:25. > :32:29.make, that is that I never like coming to airports. I just find them

:32:29. > :32:34.a bit of a chore. But actually standing here and seeing it all

:32:34. > :32:42.unfold in front of my eyes is amazing. We have the sky full of

:32:42. > :32:48.planes coming in. A beautiful evening and just over there we have

:32:48. > :32:52.the queue of planes taking off to who knows what corners of the world.

:32:52. > :33:02.If I can ask the camera to look around. There is a big plane there

:33:02. > :33:04.

:33:04. > :33:12.with a fat nose. That is a 747. That can weigh 363 tonnes. The A380 that

:33:12. > :33:18.Anita was walk under, that can be 556 tonnes. How do they get off the

:33:18. > :33:28.ground and stay in the sky? Well, it is a question that is difficult to

:33:28. > :33:35.

:33:35. > :33:40.explain. But Dallas will give it a go. Look at that. It is amazing

:33:40. > :33:46.being this close to the action. You get a sense of scale and a feeling

:33:46. > :33:50.of that raw power. It doesn't matter how many times you see it, there is

:33:50. > :33:57.something just counter intuitive about something that enormous

:33:57. > :34:02.getting off the ground. The basics of how a plane takes off are simple.

:34:02. > :34:07.It relies on four forces. First is the weight of the plane. Then there

:34:07. > :34:12.is the thrust from the engines. Acting against this is drag,

:34:12. > :34:20.friction from the air. And then there is lift. Which acts against

:34:20. > :34:24.the weight and makes the plane take off. Really understanding how that

:34:24. > :34:29.gets off the ground lice in understanding the force lift. In

:34:30. > :34:37.work out what is happening to the air around the wing that allows such

:34:38. > :34:43.huge aircraft to defy gravity. Lift is a force that pilots like Dave

:34:43. > :34:48.rely on. Do you need to know how a plane flies? You need to have a good

:34:48. > :34:54.understanding. You don't need to have the formula on the back of your

:34:54. > :34:58.mind. But you do need to understand the principles of lift and of

:34:58. > :35:04.handling a big jet. The weight will determine how much lift you need to

:35:04. > :35:10.get off the ground. That is the stem working out what speed you need. You

:35:10. > :35:16.need to get to the right speed where you're generating a enough lift so

:35:16. > :35:21.you can rotate and unstick from the runway. You don't think about lift

:35:21. > :35:27.as unsticking. I guess that is what it is? Yes as you overcome the force

:35:27. > :35:31.of gravity you are unsticking. pilots, unsticking comes from speed

:35:31. > :35:37.and what they call rotation, the moment the plane's nose rises. But

:35:37. > :35:44.to find out more, I need to get closer to the wings than I can do

:35:44. > :35:51.here. This is the wind tunnel at Kingston University. I have come to

:35:51. > :36:00.meet an engineer. Inside the tunnel, there is a model wing that has been

:36:00. > :36:07.modified so we can see the effects of the air around it. We have an air

:36:07. > :36:13.foil and there are holes connected to tubes, connected to the top.

:36:13. > :36:20.tubes measure air pressure and work lieshg straws, if -- like straws, if

:36:20. > :36:24.the pressure drops, the liquid is sucked up. Wen you suck, you're

:36:24. > :36:29.creating low pressure. The stream rises and pressure and it goes down.

:36:29. > :36:37.The machine shows the difference in air pressure above and below the

:36:37. > :36:42.wing. Turn the tunnel on.Air starts to move through tunnel, just as if

:36:42. > :36:48.the plane was accelerating. And as the airspeeds up, the pressure

:36:48. > :36:53.around the wing begins to change. This is the leading edge on the

:36:53. > :36:58.upper surface. This area is low pressure. So that would be the top

:36:58. > :37:02.of the wing and this would be the under side, higher pressure. So the

:37:02. > :37:12.plane is being sucked up. Almost as if you were sucking through a straw.

:37:12. > :37:12.

:37:12. > :37:16.It is pushed from beneath, but the low pressure keeps the plane up.

:37:16. > :37:23.we increase the speed, the difference in pressure gets greater.

:37:23. > :37:31.To make the most of this, planes face into the wind when take off to

:37:31. > :37:36.maximise the airspeed over the wing surface. You see it moving it up. If

:37:36. > :37:40.you get to a high enough speed, the aircraft would leave the ground once

:37:40. > :37:44.the lift generated equalled the weight of the aircraft. At Heathrow

:37:44. > :37:49.Airport, if you did want to do that, you would be in Edinburgh by the

:37:49. > :37:54.time you took off? Yes.What we have to do is change the angle of the

:37:54. > :37:58.airflow, that is another way to increase the lift. The angle of

:37:58. > :38:03.attack is created by what pilots refer to as rotation, the point at

:38:03. > :38:10.which the plane tilts up. It is the angle between the wing and the air

:38:10. > :38:15.coming towards it. When we are passengers and feel that moment

:38:15. > :38:20.where we are leaning back, is that when the angle of attack changes?

:38:20. > :38:25.Yes what that does is increases the angle of attack of the wings and

:38:25. > :38:30.that generates more lift at the lower speed. Increasing the angle of

:38:30. > :38:34.the wing makes the pressure on the top drop further. We are at the

:38:34. > :38:39.angle of attack where we can lift off. You can see high suction and

:38:39. > :38:44.pressure at the bottom at the same speed. That is enough lift for us to

:38:44. > :38:52.leave the runway. But there is a limit to the angle of attack.

:38:52. > :38:57.Increase it too far and the plane can stall and drop. Here you see the

:38:57. > :39:01.angle of attack is still increasing. Up to here we are OK. Then we have

:39:01. > :39:05.continued to increase the angle of attack and the pressure's dropping

:39:05. > :39:10.off. So the pressure almost equalises. You don't have that

:39:10. > :39:14.pressure difference. There is not enough pressure difference. And you

:39:14. > :39:21.don't generate enough lift. It is about getting the balance of

:39:21. > :39:26.pressure above and below the wing. From a model wing in a wind tunnel

:39:26. > :39:36.to a 747, this balance gives planes the lift they need to fly. Something

:39:36. > :39:44.that happens at Heathrow hundreds of time each day. Fascinating stuff.

:39:44. > :39:49.I'm with Dave, who is the chief pilot of BA. One thing I wanted to

:39:49. > :39:54.ask, about these sort of the tweaking of the angles to change

:39:54. > :40:04.that pressure and the movement of the air I over and -- over and under

:40:04. > :40:12.the wings. Is that something the pilot has control of? Yes we have

:40:12. > :40:15.high lift devices that we can use, depending on the conditions and how

:40:15. > :40:20.heavy the aircraft is. We do that by working out the performance of the

:40:20. > :40:27.aircraft before we leave the stand. And then we set those high lift

:40:27. > :40:33.devices ready to go. Pilots do a lot of work? We thought everything was

:40:33. > :40:42.automated? You press the button.Yes and go and read a magazine! As we

:40:42. > :40:47.stand here on the tower, have you ever been to Air Traffic Control?

:40:47. > :40:51.not this one. You communicate with the people up here all of the time?

:40:51. > :40:57.Yes we talk to them continuously, but very rarely see them. When

:40:57. > :41:00.you're down there, we are looking at these planes queueing up to take

:41:00. > :41:04.off, can you talk us through what is happening and what these people are

:41:04. > :41:09.saying to you? So we are getting controlled as we go to the runway

:41:09. > :41:13.and we are being told when our slot is to take off. And then what we are

:41:13. > :41:19.doing when we start to think about coming on to the runway is start

:41:19. > :41:24.thinking about getting on there quickly. The less time we spend on

:41:24. > :41:28.the runway, the greater number of aircraft we can get out in any hour.

:41:28. > :41:36.We are trying to keep things safe but quick. It sounds ridiculous to

:41:36. > :41:45.say to a chief pilot, do you ever feel nervous? It is a big moment,

:41:45. > :41:48.takeoff is one of the most risky parts of any flight isn't that

:41:48. > :41:52.right? Takeoff is one of those heightened moments where you have

:41:52. > :41:56.got to think ahead and we spend a lot of time training pilots to think

:41:56. > :42:02.ahead as to what could go wrong. And it is a moment where you might have

:42:02. > :42:06.to make a quick decision. We train our people, they go into the

:42:06. > :42:11.simulator four days a year at least and they get trained into any

:42:11. > :42:18.possibility and we get that into our motor memory so if anything happens

:42:18. > :42:21.we can deal with it quickly. Things do happen, about a month ago both

:42:21. > :42:26.run ways had to be close when there was a problem on takeoff and the

:42:26. > :42:30.plane did take off but flafs problem with the engine and they made the

:42:30. > :42:34.emergency landing. Got the passengers off safely, but this a

:42:34. > :42:40.something you have had to deal with and had that moment where you think,

:42:40. > :42:46.oh, something's gone wrong? I have been luck y. Would you like to touch

:42:47. > :42:53.that, it is sort of wood! We train for it and we have procedures that

:42:53. > :43:00.we know the pilots follow in the vent of a mall function. That plane

:43:00. > :43:08.was flying on un-Wen gin. -- on one engine. All of the aircraft designed

:43:08. > :43:12.if they lose an engine they can work on one engine. It be is astonishing.

:43:13. > :43:18.I feel less nervous about flying the more I speak to you. But there are,

:43:18. > :43:22.there is one big thing that is a massive factor of how well Heathrow

:43:22. > :43:31.functions and it has nothing to do with Air Traffic Control or the

:43:31. > :43:36.pilots or the planes, but it has everything to do with the weather.

:43:36. > :43:41.The weather forecast is an essential part of daily life at Heathrow.

:43:41. > :43:46.Weather doesn't need to be dramatic to have dramatic effects here.

:43:46. > :43:51.bad weather gives you more to think about. Sometimes you look at it and

:43:51. > :43:55.think, please don't come my way. You just hope that it goes slightly to

:43:55. > :44:01.the north or to the west or slight tloi whichever direction it needs to

:44:01. > :44:06.go to avoid sitting on your airport and having any impact. Paula Abbot

:44:06. > :44:10.is on the early shift as the duty manager airside. It's her job to

:44:10. > :44:13.make sure today's forecast doesn't disturb the smooth running of the

:44:13. > :44:18.airport. At the end of the day, there isn't much you can do about

:44:18. > :44:27.the weather. It's just what you do in response to it or in preparation

:44:27. > :44:33.for it. Your wriggle room is really, really, really minimal. So compare

:44:33. > :44:40.that to other airports, who might have capacity avail available to

:44:40. > :44:44.catch up on issues on delays, we don't have that luxury at Heathrow.

:44:44. > :44:48.Paula isn't reliant on a standard weather forecast. On-sight

:44:48. > :44:51.forecasters generate a special forecast every 30 minutes, with up

:44:51. > :44:59.to date information about wind speed and direction, temperature and

:44:59. > :45:03.visibility around the airport. It's not just severe weather that's

:45:03. > :45:08.important. We talk about the wind constantly, really, that's one of

:45:08. > :45:14.the main features that we deal with and manage all of the time. Wind

:45:14. > :45:20.direction is fundamental to how the airport operates. You can see the

:45:20. > :45:23.wind strengthening. The wind sleeves are blowing nicely. Zblt wind

:45:23. > :45:28.dictates which direction planes take off and land. At Heathrow we tend to

:45:28. > :45:32.have what we call a westerly preference. The wind tends to come

:45:32. > :45:36.from a westerly direction. Aircraft always have to take off into wind.

:45:36. > :45:41.If the wind turns around to a different direction, the direction

:45:41. > :45:46.of departure and approach will change. First thing this morning,

:45:46. > :45:50.the wind is coming from the west, so planes are flying in from the west

:45:50. > :45:57.over the City of London and taking off to the west over Slough and

:45:57. > :46:02.Windsor. This is known as flying on westerlies. But things are about to

:46:02. > :46:05.change. In the base of the air traffic control tower, Met Office

:46:05. > :46:11.forecasters James Shapland has noticed that wind direction

:46:11. > :46:13.isalitiering. During the course of this morning, we are looking at a

:46:13. > :46:17.more predominant easterly or south-easterly wind direction and

:46:17. > :46:20.also the strength picking up. Because the wind is changing

:46:20. > :46:29.direction the whole airport has to swap around. It looks like the wind

:46:29. > :46:32.is going to start picking up around 9 GMT, so we will have to change the

:46:32. > :46:38.runway direction. That the wind has shifted to the east, planes must

:46:38. > :46:41.come in to land from the west and take off over London. This effects

:46:42. > :46:48.every pilot and aircraft at the airport and they need to know

:46:48. > :46:52.quickly. Welcome to the 9am call. I have James in the Met Met Office.

:46:52. > :46:58.Hosts a conference call to brief the airlines on the forecast. This

:46:58. > :47:07.happens four times a day, every day. The surface winds are tricky to

:47:07. > :47:13.start off with. We have light and variable. By 0900 we should be at

:47:13. > :47:17.1502 knots and picking up to 1706 knots at 1500. Because the decision

:47:17. > :47:21.has been taken to change runway direction, the pressing issue is how

:47:22. > :47:26.to do it without causing delays to flights and passengers. We are due a

:47:26. > :47:31.runway end change onto easterly operations at 0830, for minimal

:47:31. > :47:36.disruption we are scheduling this with the runway inspections as well.

:47:36. > :47:41.At 0830 we will do the end change. The runway direction while they

:47:41. > :47:46.carry out a routine inspection, means there's no impact on the rate

:47:47. > :47:50.of take-offs and landings. So the state is -- status is green, thank

:47:50. > :47:55.you very much everybody. The immediate problem's solved and

:47:55. > :48:03.the airport is running smoothly. But Paula knows that could change as

:48:03. > :48:07.quickly as the weather. Today is a perfect flying day, great

:48:07. > :48:14.visibility, good head winds. If we're not careful, we might lose

:48:14. > :48:19.Dallas, who is on a Singapore Airlines aeroplane as I speak.

:48:19. > :48:23.That's exactly where I am. I'm on a Singapore Airlines A380. I really do

:48:23. > :48:26.have to be very, very quick. They're going -- there are going to be

:48:26. > :48:32.passengers on board here in less than half an hour, in about 27

:48:32. > :48:38.minutes. If I'm not off the plane, I will end up in Singapore. The A380

:48:38. > :48:42.in theory could take 853 passengers. But every airline will configure

:48:42. > :48:48.their plane differently. This one has 409 seats. You can see the

:48:48. > :48:52.economy seats behind me. Above me are the business class seats. And a

:48:52. > :48:57.bit further forward, I'm going to meet Daniel, you're the chief

:48:57. > :49:00.steward here. Good evening. I know time is of the essence here like

:49:00. > :49:05.everything at Heathrow. Could you explain to me what it is that you

:49:05. > :49:11.have to do in this time. It is stressful. It is, well, we have to

:49:11. > :49:16.check that all the meals are catered for on board. For tonight we have

:49:16. > :49:20.817 meals for both dinner and breakfast. That includes 44 special

:49:20. > :49:26.meals. That includes religious meals, children's meals and for

:49:26. > :49:33.today's flights a bit special, we have a special honeymoon cake.

:49:33. > :49:37.looking at this. This is their honeymoon cake. If somebody's

:49:37. > :49:43.getting married, they can call you and you will provide a cake for

:49:43. > :49:48.them. Will. Any time.Will you cut that into 409 slices? We always try

:49:48. > :49:52.to. This is where it gets exciting. They don't have first class. They

:49:52. > :49:57.have suites. Forget about seats that turn into beds, they have entire

:49:57. > :50:02.rooms on board here. Sharon, you're the most senior cabin staff member

:50:02. > :50:10.here. Yes, I'm the in-flight supervisor. I have to ask you, the

:50:10. > :50:16.bed is comfortable, how much would this set me back? Just above �6,000.

:50:16. > :50:23.And how many of you guys here are actually working look looking after

:50:23. > :50:26.the first-class passengers. Three of us. Do you break it up? Do you have

:50:26. > :50:31.crews resting while others work? Yes, we do, absolutely. Very

:50:31. > :50:34.comfortable. I'm a bit Karened -- concerned because I suddenly realise

:50:34. > :50:37.there could be people in the first class lounge watching this. Are you

:50:37. > :50:45.fully booked tonight? Pretty much. I'm probably lying in somebody's

:50:45. > :50:48.seat pts Yes. If you're in seat 3D and you're

:50:48. > :50:51.flying to Singapore, Sharon will change the sheets. Thank you very

:50:51. > :50:57.much. I'd rather just stay here but I'm going to hand you back to Kate

:50:57. > :51:03.in the tower. Thank you very much. If that

:51:03. > :51:07.airlines flight is late tonight, you know whose -- whose fault it is.

:51:07. > :51:11.There must be so many factors that do effect your job and how

:51:11. > :51:15.efficiently you can get planes in and out of the airport, including

:51:15. > :51:21.passengers not behaving and that whole turn around thing. Yes.

:51:21. > :51:25.There's a schedule every day, but unfortunately, aeroplanes don't like

:51:25. > :51:30.run like trains, because there are so many variables that will change

:51:30. > :51:33.and every day will be different for us. Your kind of, worst case

:51:33. > :51:38.scenario? What's the thing when you hear it makes you just want to

:51:38. > :51:43.scream? Driving into work we always note the weather. No amount of

:51:43. > :51:48.technology will do it. Bad weather is king. Is bad weather when you're

:51:48. > :51:53.an air traffic controller? Anything from really strong head winds, which

:51:53. > :51:59.makes us land less aeroplanes. But the fog, this wouldn't be a fishual

:51:59. > :52:03.control room. It is to you -- visual control room. It is how people

:52:03. > :52:10.behavion the ground as well. That term "turn around", well, get it

:52:10. > :52:13.right, and it's an art and it make's Dave's life a lot easier.

:52:13. > :52:21.Planes can only make money when they're in the air, from the moment

:52:21. > :52:26.they land, the clock starts ticking. 141 passengers, no infants. Lovely.

:52:26. > :52:32.Every hour of every day, every plane is met by armilies of workers. It's

:52:32. > :52:38.their job to unload, refuel, clean and resupply each aircraft. We have

:52:38. > :52:45.40 minutes to turn this aircraft round. Is that long enough?It's all

:52:45. > :52:53.you get! The turn around is an elaborate dance precisely

:52:53. > :52:56.choreographed. First thing we have to do is put the guidance system on.

:52:57. > :53:05.This helps the pilot guide the aircraft to the right parking

:53:05. > :53:10.position. Leading this dance is a turn around manager or dispatcher.

:53:10. > :53:15.It's Michael Joseph's job to get BA planes away on time. Good morning.

:53:15. > :53:21.How are you? Virgin dispatcher Graham Cornish is also on a

:53:21. > :53:26.deadline. This is our Virgin nine going to JFK airport. Departing at

:53:26. > :53:29.5. 35 local. Before we can go anywhere, we need to make sure the

:53:29. > :53:33.aircraft is cleaned and catered. We're going to get passengers on

:53:33. > :53:38.board, the cargo on board. We have got to ensure the right fuel

:53:38. > :53:42.quantity goes on. Turn-around managers oversee the fuelling

:53:42. > :53:50.process, how much they need is determined bit weight of the plane,

:53:50. > :53:55.passengers and cargo. These aircraft are fairly sophisticated, we can

:53:55. > :54:02.check with the fueler, but we can also check from the panel how much

:54:02. > :54:07.fuel we're putting on any way. arounds work to a tight schedule to

:54:07. > :54:10.keep the relay race going. Got to make sure that the people I need for

:54:10. > :54:16.this flight are all here. My check-in team are here. They've

:54:16. > :54:25.signed in. The cleaners have arrived. So once the passengers are

:54:25. > :54:29.off, the cleaners will start their task. That's the crew that brought

:54:29. > :54:33.this aircraft in. They've finished. We have a fresh crew for the

:54:33. > :54:37.departure. What's happening in the cabin of a plane is only part of the

:54:37. > :54:42.story in a turn around. What we do up here is check for any damage. We

:54:42. > :54:46.make sure none of this is damaged down, anything, any of these panels

:54:46. > :54:50.are not beaten up. Here is where we keep our crew bags. When we get to

:54:50. > :54:58.the other end, we need, we carry you'll the provisions for the return

:54:58. > :55:05.journeys, all the blankets, all the head sets. Clean is complete. It's

:55:05. > :55:10.now five to the hour. So we have 18 minutes. Once the cleaners are off,

:55:10. > :55:13.we can start our passenger boarding. Passengers may be surprised at some

:55:13. > :55:23.of the cargo that's loaded beneath them. Everything that goes on the

:55:23. > :55:23.

:55:23. > :55:28.flight is on this plan. In the back, this is salmon. That pallet weighs

:55:28. > :55:34.over four tons. Four tons of fish on there.

:55:34. > :55:37.Unbelievable.off, people don't realise when -- unbelievable. Yeah,

:55:37. > :55:47.people don't realise when they're up there they're on top of four tons of

:55:47. > :55:48.

:55:48. > :55:54.fish. Departing catering is being loaded on now. Just check the water.

:55:54. > :55:58.It's below 50% so we'll get it topped up.

:55:58. > :56:05.A pallet number. The art of a turn around is to get everything done

:56:05. > :56:13.without passengers even noticing. Hi, we are ready for boarding

:56:13. > :56:18.9526789 141, thank you very much. Cheers. We are still good for time.

:56:18. > :56:22.We have about eight minutes to go. 141 passengers are on board.

:56:22. > :56:32.Everyone's been through. We know they're on there. That's everybody

:56:32. > :56:38.

:56:38. > :56:43.gone through the gate that we're The push-back crew is here. The

:56:43. > :56:47.holds are closed. We have fuelling, cleaning, catering has to have been

:56:47. > :56:51.done. These are the main things we check. Let's make our way to the

:56:51. > :56:55.gate. We'll get this plane out of here.

:56:55. > :56:59.The plane can't take off before the captain receives a list of all the

:56:59. > :57:06.passengers and cargo on board. You're all ready to go. Yeah, 141

:57:06. > :57:09.passengers on board. Lovely. We are all good. Take care, guys.

:57:09. > :57:14.Signed, sealed and delivered, thank you very much. Have a good one. Have

:57:14. > :57:24.a good flight. Bye. Take care.

:57:24. > :57:30.

:57:30. > :57:35.Take care. plane is pushed back onto the taxi

:57:35. > :57:43.way, freeing the stand for the next turn around coming in off the

:57:43. > :57:49.conveyor belt. It's full on. It's conveyor belt. It's full on. It's

:57:49. > :57:52.busy. Welcome to Heathrow. Welcome to Heathrow indeed. Well,

:57:52. > :57:56.we're nearly at the end of the programme. If you have any questions

:57:56. > :58:01.for us, that you'd like us to answer over the next couple of nights, do

:58:01. > :58:06.e-mail them in to airportlive@bbc.co.uk. Tomorrow,

:58:06. > :58:11.Anita is going to be over there in Terminal 5, witnessing a turn

:58:11. > :58:15.around, as we're live on air. Dallas will be on the runway with a couple

:58:15. > :58:20.of baseball bats directing traffic. If you hear about an incident at

:58:21. > :58:26.Heathrow, it's his fault. Now if you want to find out more, do that

:58:26. > :58:30.through the open University. Go to bbc.co.uk/airportlive and follow the