:00:12. > :00:17.here live and we're going to give you unprecedented access to the
:00:17. > :00:25.behind the scenes operation that keeps this the world's busiest
:00:25. > :00:35.International Airport on the move, every second of every day. Fasten
:00:35. > :00:36.
:00:36. > :00:40.your seat belts. This is Airport Good evening. I'm standing on that
:00:40. > :00:46.tower right up there on the balcony. This is the air traffic control
:00:46. > :00:51.tower. It is right in the centre of the vast expanse that is hearth. I'm
:00:51. > :00:55.going to give you -- Heathrow Airport. I'm going to give you a
:00:55. > :01:00.geography lesson. Behind me is Terminal 5 and you can just see, it
:01:00. > :01:05.is a misty evening this evening, but you can just see the very
:01:05. > :01:12.distinctive outline of Windsor Castle on the skyline there. Let's
:01:12. > :01:16.move down here. This is the southern runway. Now, we are on Westerlyies.
:01:16. > :01:22.That means the planes are landing and taking a off to the west. This
:01:22. > :01:26.is our landing runway for this evening. Now, if we swing around to
:01:26. > :01:31.this great massive building. That's terminals one, two and three. And
:01:31. > :01:34.behind again, in the haze, you can just make out looking rather
:01:34. > :01:38.romantic this evening, the skyline romantic this evening, the skyline
:01:38. > :01:42.of the City of London. And then the northern runway where the planes are
:01:42. > :01:48.taking a off. Now, the one thing that really
:01:48. > :01:52.strikes you when you stand up here is that no part of the airport is
:01:52. > :01:57.ever still. Everything is always o on the move and right at the end of
:01:57. > :02:04.the southern runway, we have got a plane coming in as I speak, Dallas
:02:04. > :02:09.is there right in the thick of it. Yes, thanks Kate. I hope you're OK
:02:09. > :02:14.in the tower. I'm right here at the end of the southern runway. It is
:02:14. > :02:18.noisy when the planes go over head. If you are a plane spotter, however,
:02:18. > :02:21.be very, very jealous indeed. Now, if you look over there, you can
:02:21. > :02:26.probably see this great queue of traffic coming in. You might be able
:02:26. > :02:29.to make out the het lights of a plane coming in -- headlights of a
:02:29. > :02:32.plane coming in now. Those planes are coming in to land. While they
:02:32. > :02:37.are in the air, they will be in constant communication with the
:02:37. > :02:41.tower which you might be able to see through this landing system
:02:41. > :02:45.equipment over there. I'm going to give you a wave. The planes and the
:02:45. > :02:52.tower will be in constant communication with each other making
:02:52. > :02:58.sure that the convey conveyior belt which is Heathrow Airport runs
:02:58. > :03:03.smoothly. When whaen plane lands it will be doing 140 knots or something
:03:03. > :03:07.like that. It is vital it can get out of the way so another plane can
:03:08. > :03:17.land. There was a plane still on the runway. Once it gets off the runway,
:03:18. > :03:18.
:03:18. > :03:25.it lass to make its way to one of 186 stands. I think Anita is at one
:03:25. > :03:33.of them now. I'm at Terminal 5 and for you plane
:03:33. > :03:38.spotters. Behind heed is an Airbus -- me is an Airbus A 320. This plane
:03:38. > :03:41.landed from Hamburg. The BA staff are at action stations doing a turn
:03:41. > :03:45.around. That's getting the passengers off. Getting the luggage
:03:45. > :03:51.off. Cleaning the plane and doing the checks and getting more luggage
:03:52. > :03:56.and more passengers and when it becomes the flight BA 236 due to
:03:56. > :04:00.depart at 8. 35pm. Tonight, we will be discovering the art of a short
:04:00. > :04:04.haul turn around, it is up against the clock. There is lots to do.
:04:04. > :04:08.Kate, back to you. Thank you, Anita. She is going to be
:04:08. > :04:14.busy. But the busiest people at the airport are the people in this tower
:04:14. > :04:18.above me. They are the air traffic controllers and they monitor and
:04:18. > :04:23.control every single plane that comes in here and leaves the airport
:04:23. > :04:28.and indeed, moves around on the ground. But who monitors those
:04:29. > :04:31.planes before they get here? And once they've gone? How do we know
:04:31. > :04:41.where those planes are at any given time?
:04:41. > :04:47.
:04:47. > :04:51.Controllers in the Heathrow tower handle nearly 1400 flights a day.
:04:51. > :05:01.But they are just part of a vast global network that controls
:05:01. > :05:03.
:05:03. > :05:08.everything in the sky. In just one year, close to three
:05:08. > :05:13.billion people will travel by plane on over 37 million flights. Every
:05:13. > :05:21.single one of those planes has to be managed over every single part of
:05:21. > :05:25.its journey. I've come to the air Traffic Control Centre to find out
:05:25. > :05:30.how it is done. What happens in here? It is huge. This is our area
:05:30. > :05:33.control centre. The controllers are looking after the motorways in the
:05:33. > :05:38.sky. The traffic over England and Wales.
:05:38. > :05:46.Paul is responsible for getting flights safely into and out of
:05:46. > :05:54.London airports. So motorways in the sky. You try and get the planes to
:05:54. > :05:58.to go down certain routes? We share the airspace with the military.
:05:58. > :06:01.Across international boundaries and we will keep the commercial aircraft
:06:01. > :06:06.in the boundaries allowing members of the public, light aircraft to use
:06:07. > :06:11.the other airspace. So I suppose an airport like
:06:11. > :06:14.Heathrow, it is in charge of its area and once the plane is out of
:06:14. > :06:19.there, it is on to you guys and you guys juggle it around the rest of
:06:19. > :06:24.the UK and the rest of Europe? That's a great example there.
:06:24. > :06:29.Controllers handle every aircraft arriving in the South East. Are any
:06:29. > :06:36.of these planes heading for Heathrow? Yes, American 136 has gone
:06:36. > :06:42.over the top of the Isle of Man and he is at 33,000 feet now. He come
:06:42. > :06:50.from Los Angeles across the Atlantic Ocean. We need to keep the aircraft
:06:50. > :06:53.minimum 1,000 feet. We have the Qatar. The American is 1,000 feet
:06:53. > :06:57.above at 33,000 feet and they will pass over the top of each other
:06:57. > :07:04.safely. Planes are handed from controller to
:07:04. > :07:07.controller and from room to room. Heathrow is just one of five major
:07:07. > :07:11.international airports in London. And flights for all of them are
:07:11. > :07:15.dealt with by the team here in terminal control. Why do we have to
:07:15. > :07:19.pass the American over from one room to the next? The airspace is
:07:19. > :07:23.complicated and complex and with multiple airports, Heathrow,
:07:23. > :07:26.Gatwick, London City, Luton, the airspace and the motorway system
:07:26. > :07:32.doesn't work at that stage. It is like driving in Central London. It
:07:32. > :07:35.is a different type of driving. It is a different skill. We have moved
:07:35. > :07:38.away from the M6 and we are trying to get around Elephant & Castle?
:07:38. > :07:44.Correct. Where's our American now? He has
:07:44. > :07:53.gone past around about junction 10 on the M40. He is at 14,000 feet.
:07:53. > :07:57.Descending to 11,000 feet and he will be entering the top of the hold
:07:57. > :08:03.for about 15 miles from now. Holds are part of managing busy
:08:03. > :08:13.airports. They are fixed hold points where planes can circle.
:08:13. > :08:17.Heathrow has four stacks. Within the stacks, the aircraft are kept 1,000
:08:17. > :08:21.vertical feet apart, and at least 8,000 feet above the ground. New
:08:21. > :08:26.planes enter at the top and are directed to move down the rungs of
:08:26. > :08:31.the stack as other planes exit. It is a kind of aerial waiting room
:08:31. > :08:37.that allows controllers to organise planes as efficiently as possible
:08:37. > :08:41.for landing. So the American 136, he is just turning on to final
:08:41. > :08:46.approach. He will be lowering the gear. He is just descending to 4,000
:08:46. > :08:51.feet and he is landing on the southerly runway today.
:08:51. > :09:01.And then he disappears from our screen and we tracked him from
:09:01. > :09:01.
:09:01. > :09:06.Belfast. Swanwick controllers hand over to Heathrow tower for the last
:09:06. > :09:12.leg of a global relay race. A race that happens tens of thousands of
:09:12. > :09:17.times every day. There are a bewildering number of
:09:17. > :09:22.planes there? Anything up to 100, 150 aircraft just over London at any
:09:22. > :09:25.given time and 3,500 flights a day fly through the South East of
:09:26. > :09:35.England, just under 1400 flights using Heathrow. So a busy, complex
:09:36. > :09:41.
:09:41. > :09:47.Well, I've moved inside the tower now. I'm here with Dave Marshall,
:09:47. > :09:52.head of training here. It is like a motorway, well, it is more like a 3
:09:52. > :09:57.D motorway. We are that big massive service station at the end of the
:09:57. > :10:00.motorways, with queuing traffic waiting to get in to be serviced and
:10:00. > :10:05.waiting to go back home. Is the airspace around London and
:10:05. > :10:10.around the South East one of the busiest air spaces in the world?
:10:10. > :10:17.Because Heath rose isn't the only airport, you have Luton, Stansted
:10:17. > :10:21.and Gatwick? They feed into the one bit of airspace which is complex and
:10:21. > :10:27.come licated. As an air traffic controller, is
:10:27. > :10:34.Heathrow really the sort of ultimate place to work? For me, yes. That is
:10:34. > :10:38.the pinnacle of my career to work here. But we have got controllers
:10:38. > :10:41.that perform a great job at Gatwick and Stansted and they are happy to
:10:41. > :10:45.stay there, but you know, if you have got a bit of drive and you want
:10:45. > :10:52.to get to the top of your tree... This is the most challenge, are
:10:52. > :10:55.would it? Yeah, everywhere has got its own complications, but Heathrow,
:10:56. > :11:00.by the sheer volume of traffic is very complicated.
:11:00. > :11:06.Does it take a certain amount of specialist training or is the
:11:06. > :11:09.strange the same wherever you go? No, it is very specific. It is again
:11:09. > :11:13.airic and airport specific so I am proof that you don't have to be
:11:13. > :11:16.clever and intelligent to be an air traffic controller, you need to have
:11:16. > :11:21.a knack. And good at ironing? You are looking
:11:21. > :11:27.smart this evening! A little bit earlier you saw Anita standing by a
:11:27. > :11:35.plane. Well, we were here in the tower with our cameras and we saw
:11:35. > :11:45.aidy Dolan talk that plane in. Let's look at that now.
:11:45. > :11:50.
:11:50. > :11:53.967 to London. Aidy there talking your extraordinary language. The
:11:53. > :11:58.plane coming in. I heard an extraordinary fact about this plane.
:11:58. > :12:03.It has only been in service for five days so it is a brand-new plane.
:12:03. > :12:06.Coming in to land. It always looks incredibly fast when they come into
:12:06. > :12:10.land. I think Darrel mentioned 150 knots,
:12:10. > :12:15.but it is probably less, 120 knots or 130 knots.
:12:15. > :12:21.All wheels are down so that looks like a good, save landing. Air
:12:21. > :12:25.traffic control will be happy? are happy. Your mission to get it
:12:25. > :12:32.off the runway as quickly as possible and it is off the runway
:12:32. > :12:37.and Anita is right beside it. I am, this brand spanking new plane
:12:37. > :12:41.that landed 33 minutes ago with 106 passengers from Hamburg. The turn
:12:41. > :12:48.around is in full swing in order to get it off on time to depart to
:12:48. > :12:55.Paris. Here is the moment it arrived.
:12:55. > :13:00.And here comes the plane. It has arrived on time!
:13:00. > :13:06.The first thing I want to know is how does that plane to know and come
:13:06. > :13:09.and stop there? Michael would have armed the stand guidance. He entered
:13:09. > :13:12.the aircraft registration into the system and that counts down in
:13:12. > :13:20.meters to the captain and it would tell him where to stop.
:13:20. > :13:24.And he has done it on the point it is supposed to. It has an electronic
:13:24. > :13:29.guidance system. What is a turn around? It is an arrival, turning
:13:29. > :13:33.into a departure. It is a complete process of off loading the arrival,
:13:33. > :13:40.cleaning it, recatering and getting ready for departure.
:13:40. > :13:45.What is happening now? The load, are going to stock the aircraft from --
:13:45. > :13:52.stop the aircraft from rolling back and they are going to attach the
:13:52. > :13:57.ground power unit because the engines are going to be shut down.
:13:57. > :14:02.Why do you need power? To open the aircraft doors, for lighting, to
:14:02. > :14:05.keep it cool on board. Those three boys have gone for it.
:14:05. > :14:15.Now many people are going to attack this to turn it around? About 20 in
:14:15. > :14:19.total. OK, so that's the ground bow going
:14:19. > :14:25.in now and 20 people will be coming towards it. What's happening over
:14:25. > :14:32.there? That's the air bridge. He is going to touch the air bridge. He
:14:32. > :14:35.will let the crew know it is safe to open the door and the passengers can
:14:35. > :14:38.disembark. How long before the aircraft has to
:14:38. > :14:48.leave the stand? We have got 50 minutes.
:14:48. > :14:51.
:14:51. > :14:57.Right. We better keep an eye on them are off the aircraft. We have taken
:14:57. > :15:01.three bins of baggage. Cleaned the aircraft. It has been refuelled.
:15:01. > :15:07.They are loading the out going bags. That happened in half an hour?
:15:07. > :15:12.Absolutely. The captain is doing his checks. Is the captain behind me?He
:15:12. > :15:18.is checking the aircraft's tyres and engines. He will walk around
:15:18. > :15:25.himself. Will anybody else check it? The pushback guy will check it at
:15:25. > :15:29.the end. We saw the fuel go in. How much has gone in? Five-and-a-half
:15:29. > :15:34.tonnes. Do they know to put in?The captain will know the weight of the
:15:34. > :15:40.aircraft, what is expected from passengers and bags. We have a
:15:40. > :15:46.question that says - how long does it take to fuel a plane? It takes
:15:46. > :15:51.him four minutes to put 60 litres? About 15 to 20 minutes. Really
:15:51. > :15:56.quick. There is quite a bit to do yet? The crew are doing their safety
:15:56. > :16:00.checks as well now. The boarding is on process as we speak.
:16:00. > :16:06.passengers will come into the plane? They will will be. Before this
:16:06. > :16:11.flight takes off? 20 minutes.Still lots to do? There is.OK. We are up
:16:11. > :16:17.against it. Good luck. We have all done, it I'm sure. We have been
:16:17. > :16:21.sitting in a plane, waiting to takeoff when it appears that a plane
:16:21. > :16:26.is queue jumping, moving ahead of us. You would think the planes
:16:26. > :16:32.queueing on runways like this one to take off in a first come, first
:16:32. > :16:36.served basis. That is not the case. What Air Traffic Control do is group
:16:36. > :16:45.planes in accordance with something called "wake turbulence" what is
:16:45. > :16:49.that? Dan explains. This is the staff car park at Heathrow. Not the
:16:49. > :16:57.most glamorous of locations. It has to be a great place to get close to
:16:57. > :17:03.planes. Heathrow, the planes land about 90 seconds apart. That sounds
:17:03. > :17:08.fairly close together. In fact, that distance is carefully calculated.
:17:08. > :17:14.That is because there is something trailing behind the planes.
:17:14. > :17:20.Something inindividualible, but powerful. Each one of these planes
:17:20. > :17:27.passing over head is creating two invisible spirals,s like tornadoes
:17:27. > :17:30.of air trailing off the tip of each wing. Each spiral is known as a Wake
:17:30. > :17:36.Vortex. This isn't the exhaust from the jet edge wince are talking
:17:36. > :17:39.about, they are at the ends of the wings. When a plane flies the
:17:39. > :17:41.pressure below the wing is higher pressure below the wing is higher
:17:41. > :17:48.than the pressure above the wing this is what keeps the plane in the
:17:48. > :17:51.air. At the wing tips this pressure difference tries to balloons out,
:17:51. > :17:58.the high pressure air curls up towards the low pressure creating
:17:58. > :18:02.spirals which trail behind the aircraft. They disrupt the air
:18:02. > :18:08.behind, it like a boat churns up the water as it passes through. The
:18:08. > :18:13.bigger and heavier a plane, the stronger the Vortex. Planes have to
:18:14. > :18:17.avoid each other's wakes. It's difficult to avoid something you
:18:17. > :18:27.can't see. I'm taking a plane of my own to Germany to try and catch a
:18:27. > :18:27.
:18:27. > :18:35.glimpse of this inindividualible aerospace centre, scientists are
:18:35. > :18:41.preparing for a rare experiment. Frank is in charge of today's
:18:41. > :18:45.research. How are you? Nice to meet you, wonderful. This is exciting for
:18:45. > :18:48.you? Absolutely exciting. We have been waiting so long for this
:18:49. > :18:54.situation here. Have you been planning this day? Over the year.
:18:54. > :18:59.Really? The early development was much earlier, but this trial was
:18:59. > :19:05.planned for over a year. Typically, the weather isn't exactly perfect.
:19:05. > :19:08.You can't plan everything. The plane is taxiing out, it will takeoff and
:19:08. > :19:15.do a series of low level flights. The scientists have laid out
:19:15. > :19:20.instruments to measure the strength of the vortses that the plane
:19:20. > :19:25.creates. As the plane circles over us the researchers lay-down a wall
:19:25. > :19:35.of smoke. For the first time I will see the effect of that plane as it
:19:35. > :19:36.
:19:36. > :19:41.flies through the air. Wow, you can flies through the air. Wow, you can
:19:42. > :19:47.see it. Look at that bit there. It's quite a long delay. The plane goes
:19:47. > :19:56.past. You think nothing is going to happen, suddenly they go up in these
:19:56. > :20:00.spirals. Look at that one there, it's brilliant! What I didn't
:20:00. > :20:07.realise is just how long that footprint stays in the air. This is
:20:07. > :20:13.about 90 seconds after the plane has passed. The plane circles overhead,
:20:13. > :20:20.whilst the researchers measures its vortses. The air within a strong
:20:20. > :20:26.Wake Vortex can reach speed of up to 200mph. This makes them especially
:20:26. > :20:33.dangerous, something our test pilot knows first-hand. Good to meet you.
:20:33. > :20:39.He has flown into them deliberately. What is it like? Well, it feels,
:20:39. > :20:44.first, the first time it feel as little bit terrifying because the
:20:45. > :20:50.aeroplane rolls up to 90 degrees. It then falls out of the sky. Rolls
:20:50. > :20:54.tonnes side and goes into free-fall? Yes. It's not a free-fall. It feels
:20:54. > :21:01.like that you are, basically, losing control of the aeroplane. The smoke
:21:01. > :21:04.reveals the scale of the problem. This is fascinating here. We are
:21:04. > :21:11.starting to see something. We get a sense of how big this Vortex is
:21:11. > :21:16.here? I would guess, to the top of the Vortex we have more than 30m to
:21:16. > :21:23.35m. Does everything that fly produce a Vortex, if a bird through
:21:23. > :21:30.that cloud would you see a vortex, would you? Anything that flies or
:21:30. > :21:36.generates lift produces vortexes, yes. This is what makes it a problem
:21:36. > :21:39.for busy airports like Heathrow. They have to leave a safe gap. The
:21:39. > :21:43.distance between two heavy planes is four miles. If a smaller plane is
:21:43. > :21:50.following a larger one, the separation has to be increased. If
:21:50. > :22:00.it is following the super heavy A380 the gap lengthens to seven miles,
:22:00. > :22:03.
:22:03. > :22:13.extra time that a busy airport can ill afford. The dimensions of the
:22:13. > :22:13.
:22:13. > :22:23.vortexes with the wing span. planes get bigger and airports get
:22:23. > :22:23.
:22:23. > :22:28.buzzer wake vortsess are put putting on (inaudible) they are searching
:22:28. > :22:31.for a solution like the equipment they are testing today. Until then
:22:31. > :22:41.these inveriesible force also rule the airport and every flight you
:22:41. > :22:41.
:22:41. > :22:51.take. As you can probably gather I'm back outside on the tower. It's
:22:51. > :22:55.noisy, isn't it? It is.This is the perfect place really to see how that
:22:55. > :23:00.effect affects you in Air Traffic Control. Looking at the planes
:23:00. > :23:08.grouping here on the takeoff runway. I can see that you have grouped a
:23:08. > :23:12.couple of those smaller planes together. You then have the big fat
:23:12. > :23:16.747 behind. When those smaller planes take off, what gap will you
:23:16. > :23:21.leave between them and the 747? Depending on the routing, because
:23:21. > :23:25.they are the same size of aircraft, we can take off within a minute. It
:23:25. > :23:31.is not a problem for us. The smaller plane that is behind the 747, how
:23:31. > :23:38.much of a gap will you need to leave there? We have to give them a full
:23:38. > :23:45.120 seconds, a full two minutes, so that vortex dispurses and they don't
:23:45. > :23:51.get the turbulence. Constantly calculating all the time what affect
:23:51. > :23:56.a plane has on the next plane and adjusting things accordly? It's
:23:56. > :24:00.about maximising the use of the runway. Every minute and every
:24:00. > :24:05.second counts. Are not contrails. A contrail is something quite
:24:05. > :24:11.different? Yeah. When you look up in the sky you see those while
:24:11. > :24:16.contrails, they are n condensation trail. It's like you blowing out
:24:16. > :24:24.breath on a cold day, warm air meet meeting cold air. It's not exhaust
:24:24. > :24:29.fumes, as people think, it's water vapour. Weight turbulence isn't
:24:29. > :24:31.exhaust fumes either. It's simply the movement of the air as this
:24:31. > :24:38.large machine travelling at high-speed is pushing through it?
:24:38. > :24:45.Yeah. The larger it is, the more dangerous it is. The more violent
:24:45. > :24:48.those invisible bits of wind, bits of air turbulence are. We found out
:24:48. > :24:54.how weight turbulence aff air Air Traffic Control. Dallas is down at
:24:54. > :25:00.the end of that runway with a pilot. We can find out how it affects them.
:25:00. > :25:10.Thank you. I am we with the chief British Airways pilot, captain Dave
:25:10. > :25:19.
:25:19. > :25:25.Thomas. We can feel those as we stand here when the big planes, when
:25:25. > :25:30.they go over head. You can feel it standing here. We heard in Dan's
:25:30. > :25:34.film, we saw a test pilot talking about the flight characteristics. As
:25:34. > :25:38.a commercial pilot is it something you worry about? We don't worry
:25:38. > :25:42.about it other than the fact we have processes to keep the aircraft
:25:42. > :25:47.spaced apart. We keep it safe in that way. What flight
:25:47. > :25:50.characteristics change for you you have a weight turbulence
:25:50. > :25:55.encounter you will feel a bump. Most commonly here at Heathrow it will be
:25:55. > :26:00.up in the holding pattern going round in circles and going through
:26:00. > :26:05.the air that another aircraft is going through. We should make a
:26:05. > :26:15.difference between clear turbulence, which is what you feel at cruising
:26:15. > :26:16.
:26:16. > :26:22.attitude and weight Vortex? Yes, it's caused by weather. (Inaudible)
:26:22. > :26:27.It's a little bit noisy here. We asked you to email your questions to
:26:27. > :26:37.Airport Live. This is from Colin. He wants to know, what are those pointy
:26:37. > :26:43.
:26:43. > :26:48.bits at the ends of wings? It's a way of dispersing the vortses?
:26:48. > :26:50.the negative side of lift. They disperse a little bit of that drag.
:26:50. > :26:56.That wouldn't change how far you would have aircraft apart in takeoff
:26:56. > :27:00.and landing? They are designed to be effective in the cruise where you
:27:01. > :27:06.get better fuel efficiency and range. That is where they are at
:27:06. > :27:10.their most effective. OK. Back to you Kate in the tower. Thank you
:27:10. > :27:15.very much, Dallas. If you have any other questions for us, you can
:27:15. > :27:23.other questions for us, you can email us: Now, let us find out how
:27:23. > :27:29.the high pressure world of Anita is getting on over there in Terminal 5.
:27:29. > :27:35.We are under so much pressure here. She is as cool as a cucumber,
:27:35. > :27:41.Joanna. You are not over seeing this turnover. Is it going to time?
:27:41. > :27:46.is. We are closed up and ready to go. What can delay this plane at
:27:46. > :27:51.this stage? We had a passenger missing. If that passenger had a bag
:27:51. > :27:56.loaded that could cause a delay because we have to off-load the bag?
:27:56. > :28:01.You have to take it off? Yes.Have you to physically take their bag
:28:01. > :28:07.off? Yes.That bag could be anywhere? It could be in the first
:28:07. > :28:13.bin loaded on the aircraft. often does that happen Quite often.
:28:13. > :28:17.How annoying? Very annoying. This is a crucial stage. He will do his walk
:28:17. > :28:22.around and make sure that everything is OK. Unless he spots anything.
:28:22. > :28:29.Once he is ready he will inform the captain all ground checks are made.
:28:29. > :28:35.The captain will speak to LTC and tell him when po pushback. Everybody
:28:35. > :28:43.is connected. He is safe now. They can move the chops. I should have
:28:43. > :28:45.said "chops away." All the passengers are on, how many? 83. 23
:28:45. > :28:50.were transferring from eight different destinations. Potentially
:28:50. > :28:57.we could have had a lot of missing passengers. They are all on board?
:28:57. > :29:06.Yes. It's working to planIndeed. Where have they come from when
:29:06. > :29:13.transferring? Moscow...All over the world. The tug driver is getting on
:29:13. > :29:17.board He will inform the captain that his checks are done. When will
:29:17. > :29:21.the captain give permission. We are waiting for Air Traffic Control to
:29:21. > :29:26.talk to our captain who will talk to this tug driver who will reverse
:29:26. > :29:30.this plane so he can takeoff. The system works? It does.Thank you
:29:30. > :29:36.very much. This plane was guided to this position by an electronic
:29:36. > :29:44.system. Sometimes it's done the old school way with table tennis bats.
:29:44. > :29:48.Locally old Dallas had a go at it. This is Glenn Palmer he has been
:29:48. > :29:54.marshalling aircraft at Heathrow for over 25 years. He is 50 people
:29:54. > :29:58.qualified to bring these huge planes on to a stand. Is it safe to talk to
:29:58. > :30:04.you? Yes, it is.Good to meet you. I'm impressed with that. Watching
:30:04. > :30:09.you, it's not just the movements and the speed? The signals need to be
:30:09. > :30:13.clear. You marshal normally, pretty fast and the aircraft is moving.
:30:13. > :30:18.When you need to slow the aeroplane down you slow your signals down.
:30:18. > :30:25.Need to get it spot on, front wheel on the middle line? On the centre
:30:25. > :30:31.line. If you would like to try yourself. Really?
:30:31. > :30:37.I am hoping if I imfres Glenn he will let me have a go on the real
:30:37. > :30:44.thing. First up, what do the signals mean? Right, there we go. Your first
:30:44. > :30:48.lesson in aircraft mg marshal marshals at Heathrow. When you have
:30:48. > :30:54.got his attention, we will marshal the aircraft straight. He will come
:30:54. > :30:59.around to our left, I will drop my left arm keeping the bat level.
:30:59. > :31:04.Straighten the other plane up. As he gets near the stop mark come over.
:31:04. > :31:10.It is quite a lot to take in. So to get the p plane to move to the left,
:31:10. > :31:18.you need to drop your left arm down and wave your right arm beconing the
:31:18. > :31:23.plane round. You don't learn the art of marshalling with a �200 million
:31:23. > :31:30.jumbo, I'm starting with something a little bit cheaper!
:31:30. > :31:40.Pick the vehicle up. That's it. Marshal straight. Now, bring them
:31:40. > :31:41.
:31:41. > :31:47.back. Straight. Oh...This way around. Straight. It is obvious I'm
:31:47. > :31:52.in need of a bit more practise. is drifting a bit, but don't worry
:31:52. > :31:57.about that. Right arm down. Left-hand wave. Other way. That's
:31:57. > :32:02.it. That's good. That's good. That's why you use a vehicle to get the
:32:02. > :32:07.effect of an aeroplane coming towards you. So that's good.
:32:07. > :32:16.Several hours later though, and I'm consistently bringing the car to a
:32:17. > :32:22.halt on the mark. Now, excellent. Excellent. Glenn feels I have
:32:22. > :32:27.improved enough to entrust me with marshalling this. This plane is from
:32:27. > :32:33.Bulgaria. It is around a three hour flight and the passengers will be
:32:33. > :32:36.looking off to getting off soon so I looking off to getting off soon so I
:32:36. > :32:40.better not mess this up. There is your line here.
:32:40. > :32:46.The nerchs are getting to me and -- the nerves are getting to me and I'm
:32:46. > :32:51.finding it hard to take in what Glenn is saying. It is just crossing
:32:51. > :32:55.the runway now. Pick him up now. That's good. Right,
:32:55. > :32:59.marshal the aircraft straight. think I have got it sussed. That's
:32:59. > :33:05.it. Keep on that turn. Hang on though, I've directed him
:33:05. > :33:12.too far over. Keep turning. I need to drop my left arm and wave
:33:12. > :33:19.him in with my right. Left. Left. With the plane going off centre, it
:33:19. > :33:25.is imperative I bring it back on course so the air bridge can line up
:33:25. > :33:31.with the door. That's good. We'll start moving backwards.
:33:31. > :33:34.Now I have to bring it to a stop on the exact markings for the aircraft,
:33:35. > :33:40.these huge machines aren't designed to reverse, so I mustn't let it run
:33:40. > :33:45.too far. Yes, that's what I was after. I've
:33:45. > :33:52.thumbs-up from the plane. That was so good for your first attempt, I
:33:52. > :33:57.would like to present these bats to you. They are yours. They are yours.
:33:57. > :34:02.That's very kind. You're going to have to sign them for me. Is that
:34:02. > :34:11.good enough? That's the stop mark there. There is a job here for you
:34:11. > :34:18.if you need one. That's excellent. Well done.
:34:18. > :34:24.Cut engines! I'm with Simon Newbold. Your job is
:34:24. > :34:30.to train these aircraft marshalers. I feel honoured that Glenn gave me
:34:30. > :34:34.his bats. Are we OK having these here? I'm not going to suddenly
:34:34. > :34:40.bring an aircraft down. There is no problem doing your bit here.
:34:40. > :34:47.Marout of ten, how did I do? I would give you a four. Four, there was no
:34:47. > :34:51.pizzazz, no personality in your moments. Now, the signals that you
:34:51. > :34:58.performed earlier were international standard signals which are fine, but
:34:58. > :35:02.a little bit car bold. He was probably being nice because
:35:02. > :35:06.now you have reached stage one, we need to stake you to stage two, so
:35:06. > :35:11.the pilots have confidence in what you are doing with your signals.
:35:11. > :35:16.When I watch Glenn do it, he becomes a different person. He has this back
:35:16. > :35:20.band and this interesting wrist flex. It is amazing to watch.
:35:20. > :35:25.he is doing, he is giving the assurance to the pilot by looking at
:35:25. > :35:29.the both the wing tips, the bigger pictures rather than staring at that
:35:29. > :35:33.nose. Why do we need marshals? Why can't
:35:33. > :35:38.planes drive themselves to their gates? It is important that a plane
:35:38. > :35:43.parks accurately on the stand at the correct stop mark. It is so the air
:35:44. > :35:50.bridge can dock and the servicing vehicles can meet the aircraft so it
:35:50. > :35:57.is in off the taxi way and safe. So it is important to be accurate.
:35:57. > :36:02.90% of the area that arrive park on automated guidance systems. 2%, we
:36:02. > :36:05.need the marshalling bats out, that's because of technical fail
:36:05. > :36:09.our, adverse weather or obstructions.
:36:09. > :36:12.I have my bats, I shall keep practising, back to Kate in the
:36:12. > :36:16.practising, back to Kate in the tower.
:36:16. > :36:19.I caught Dallas in the corridor earlier practising with his
:36:19. > :36:24.ping-pong bats! Now, safety is a word that we have
:36:24. > :36:28.heard a lot since we have been here. It is the main priority, top of the
:36:28. > :36:33.list of every working part of this aircraft. Particularly when it comes
:36:33. > :36:38.to the planes themselves. Now, that big building right at the back of
:36:38. > :36:48.the airport is the BA maintenance building and it is there that their
:36:48. > :36:50.
:36:50. > :36:57.planes go for servicing. Every aircraft in BA's fleet has to
:36:57. > :37:00.have regular service checks. Today the man in charge is
:37:00. > :37:06.engineering manager, Derek Cogswell. This plane has arrived from
:37:06. > :37:09.Washington DC this morning. It has been towed into the hangar for a
:37:09. > :37:13.check and these are carried out every three months, but we are going
:37:13. > :37:17.to give it a service. It is similar to what you do on your car. It will
:37:17. > :37:20.take 50 engineers that will crawl over the aircraft and inspect
:37:20. > :37:25.various parts of it to make sure it is up to standard.
:37:25. > :37:29.The plane is due to fly to New York in less than 55 hours. Before that,
:37:29. > :37:33.Derek and the team need to check everything from the engines and
:37:33. > :37:41.hydraulics to the reading lights and entertainment systems.
:37:41. > :37:43.Some of the old older aircraft, has small faults. If you are a paying
:37:43. > :37:47.passenger, you want to be happy with them.
:37:47. > :37:51.This plane is 17 years old. Some of the 747s are older and some are
:37:51. > :37:58.younger. This is the middle of the fleet.
:37:58. > :38:03.Engineers must examine it thoroughly. Parts of the plane may
:38:03. > :38:09.need to be replaced so everything is checked. You see up there, that
:38:09. > :38:19.line, that is a crack on that support bracket. That means this
:38:19. > :38:22.
:38:22. > :38:25.whole reservoir has to come out and be replaced.
:38:25. > :38:30.be replaced. We are 67 feet off the ground. The
:38:30. > :38:36.general condition of the structure, making sure that the static wicks
:38:36. > :38:40.which are these devices are in place. They are used to discharge
:38:40. > :38:45.static electricity that is generated during the flight and if the plane
:38:45. > :38:52.is struck by lightening, they will dissipate back into the a the moss
:38:52. > :38:57.fear. If -- atmosphere. If the plane was hit by lightening, the
:38:57. > :39:00.passengers would not know anything about it and the crew would. Some of
:39:00. > :39:04.these maybe charred and we would replace them.
:39:04. > :39:09.One of the most items to be inspected is the engine. A remote
:39:09. > :39:13.camera is inserted into the turbine which let's Derek examine each blade
:39:13. > :39:16.individually. The tests are rigorous so any sign of damage to the blades
:39:16. > :39:21.can be spotted early before it becomes a problem.
:39:21. > :39:30.Jake, can you put the probe in the combustion chamber now? Thank you,
:39:30. > :39:33.mate. Engine two is in perfect condition, but there is an issue
:39:33. > :39:39.with engine three. Numerous blades have been struck by
:39:39. > :39:43.something. I am not sure what it it could be. It could be freezing fog
:39:43. > :39:47.and we can get a build up of ice that breaks off and dislodges and
:39:47. > :39:54.gets drawn into the engine and when it hits the blades, that's what it
:39:54. > :39:58.can do. That one there, that's quite a critical one because it is at the
:39:58. > :40:04.base of the blade. That's where it is most critical, the G-force
:40:04. > :40:08.because it has material there. ??FORCEDW The The decision has been
:40:08. > :40:13.made we will take the engine off and replace it with a new one.
:40:13. > :40:16.The checks continue inside. The electrical systems on board are
:40:16. > :40:23.connected via 170 miles of wiring and everything from the electric
:40:23. > :40:33.first class seats to the complex systems that help fly the plane have
:40:33. > :40:35.
:40:35. > :40:38.to be tested and signed off before it can go into service.
:40:38. > :40:43.The engineering teams keeps a number of spare engines and replacement
:40:43. > :40:47.parts on site a are you Rolls-Royce engine has been prepared and now
:40:47. > :40:51.Derek oversees the procedure of removing the old one.
:40:51. > :40:56.I get a little bit nervous because it is aing huge amount of weight.
:40:56. > :41:00.This engine weighs eight tonnes and it is only supported on those thin
:41:00. > :41:05.cables, it is designed to take that weight, but you have a bit of
:41:05. > :41:11.tension when you do it. Every part is expensive. An engine
:41:11. > :41:17.costs over more than �8 million. Each bolt that holds it in place,
:41:17. > :41:27.costs �500. It is held on by eight bolts and that's it. This engine
:41:27. > :41:30.
:41:31. > :41:36.produces 30,000 horsepower so the With the new engine securely in
:41:36. > :41:44.place, it is time for the final part of the TA check, the high-speed
:41:44. > :41:50.engine run tests, India Victor Hotel is towed into a blast shield. The
:41:50. > :42:00.front is protected by metal cages to prevent anything being sucked in.
:42:00. > :42:12.
:42:12. > :42:16.Then each engine is put to full With up to 30,000 horsepower of
:42:16. > :42:20.thrust being exerted on one side of the blaen, Derek has to run an
:42:20. > :42:24.engine on the opposite side to stop the aircraft from trying to twist
:42:24. > :42:29.around. He monitors the on board computers for errors, while
:42:29. > :42:32.engineers on the ground checks the engines for leaks. Once Derek is
:42:32. > :42:36.satisfied that all four engines including the newly fitted engine
:42:36. > :42:45.three are running smoothly, he can sign off the plane and send it back
:42:45. > :42:51.into service. We have completed end runs. That was
:42:51. > :43:01.copied. Thank you. I have signed it off at 2. 30pm and
:43:01. > :43:01.
:43:01. > :43:07.it will be flying to JFK New York. We don't hang about. The next 747 is
:43:07. > :43:13.coming into the hangar for its 2 A check. As you can see, it all starts
:43:13. > :43:18.again. Now, I am right at the top of the
:43:18. > :43:22.fou we are. This is what is called -- tower, this is what is called the
:43:22. > :43:26.visual control room. It is an operational area. I am talking
:43:26. > :43:35.quietly because everybody in here is controlling every single movement of
:43:35. > :43:43.every plane that we can see through the windows. Now, I am with Aidy
:43:43. > :43:52.Spas dola -- Dolan. You are now on a break. Yes. You are fine.That's
:43:52. > :43:57.good. I heard that yesterday whilst the busiest -- yesterday was the
:43:57. > :44:02.bids busiest day of the airport so far. Do you notice when it is
:44:02. > :44:05.particularly busy? You notice the days. Just 1 percent or 2% busier
:44:05. > :44:10.than others. That can make such a difference to an airport like
:44:10. > :44:14.Heathrow. I checked the figures and already 1200 aircraft landed or
:44:14. > :44:20.taken off today. Today? Right now. In the last hour,
:44:20. > :44:25.89 flights have arrived or departed. That's incredible. And that's
:44:25. > :44:29.presumably why, we found this out yesterday, but you guys do have to
:44:29. > :44:34.have very regular breaks because you are dealing with so much air traffic
:44:34. > :44:38.control? That's right, yeah. The reason we do that is so you stay
:44:38. > :44:41.focussed in your position and remain concentrated oen that task and then
:44:41. > :44:44.go away and have a responsibility-free break to come
:44:44. > :44:50.back fresh. Apart from when I'm here when you
:44:50. > :44:54.have to talk to me! Apart from that. Something I noticed is you speak in
:44:54. > :45:04.a different language. You use strange words. You give aeroplanes
:45:04. > :45:15.
:45:15. > :45:20.countries using the airport and a Welsh girl and a Scottish guy in the
:45:20. > :45:23.tower you need way of communicating or it falls apart. Many airlines
:45:23. > :45:30.have unique call signs, British Airways use Speed Bird. You don't
:45:30. > :45:35.use British Airways at all? No.We have Steph on departures. She will
:45:35. > :45:42.be in control of the departure of Anita's plane. Can we find out where
:45:43. > :45:50.Anita's plane is at the moment? at the supervisor's desk. Hello.It
:45:50. > :45:55.has made its way to the holding point. Just in the neck. OK.Virgin
:45:55. > :45:59.on the runway is about to roll. Speed Bird will take the runway for
:45:59. > :46:03.takeoff. We can see that on your screen? Absolutely. There are the
:46:03. > :46:11.flight details there. This is the ground movement radar which shows
:46:11. > :46:17.the Speed Bird 326 lining up now. Everything on time. You have don
:46:17. > :46:25.your job properly. Anita, you must be delighted and exhausted? I feel
:46:25. > :46:31.proud. Speed Bird 326 is ready, not only on time, but five minutes
:46:31. > :46:34.early. It must happen quite a bit? try. There is nothing behind us it
:46:34. > :46:41.has been taxied off. Earlier it was pushed back. Here is what happened.
:46:41. > :46:47.You can see there is another plane that is doing it at the minute. That
:46:47. > :46:52.tug that is pushing it back they look short and squat, they are
:46:52. > :47:00.tough? Yes.They weigh tonnes. do. At what point would the engine
:47:00. > :47:05.be switched on when it's being push pushedback? Both engines will be put
:47:05. > :47:10.on. That will go off on it is way and get ready to takeoff. Is your
:47:10. > :47:18.job done? Unfortunately not. As one goes we have another to arrive. We
:47:18. > :47:23.have the flight from Milan with 96 passengers on board. Off-load?
:47:24. > :47:28.Off-load, cleaned, decatered. time will your first team be in
:47:28. > :47:35.30 am. Thank you very much. It has been fascinating. Over to Dallas who
:47:35. > :47:38.is hanging out at the end of a runway, as you do. The I'm with the
:47:38. > :47:45.airside training manager, Simon Newbold. This guy is amazing. Not
:47:45. > :47:49.only is he an aircraft marshalling expert, but you can recognise, not
:47:49. > :47:56.just aircraft coming in, but aircraft from about five miles away?
:47:56. > :47:59.Yes. It's very important, it's part of my role, that I teach the guys
:47:59. > :48:05.all the information about the aircraft types. It's pafrt part of
:48:05. > :48:10.their jobs. It's not just me who can do that, my team can identify
:48:10. > :48:17.aircraft. See two lights. What is that? OK. I'm looking at the colour,
:48:17. > :48:24.a British Airways aircraft. It's not big. It is small. That is an Airbus
:48:24. > :48:29.A320. How do you do that. I can just about make out that is an aeroplane.
:48:29. > :48:33.You redefine plane spotting? I have spent many years out here looking at
:48:33. > :48:39.the aircraft, learning about how to teach my pupils the different types
:48:40. > :48:46.of aircraft. We have been standing here we have spotted 36 aircraft
:48:46. > :48:49.landing in the hour we have been here. It's an extraordinary fact...
:48:49. > :48:56.Even more extraordinary is that Simon can tell you the name of the
:48:56. > :48:59.pilot in every one of them? Yeah, that one is Fred. Show what is a
:48:59. > :49:05.busy place Heathrow Airport is. Kate, back to you from the tower,
:49:05. > :49:08.goodbye from the runway. Thank you very much, indeed, Dallas.
:49:08. > :49:13.Regulations state that scheduled flights are not allowed to land or
:49:13. > :49:18.takeoff from Heathrow between 11. 30pm and 4. 4.30 am in the morning,
:49:18. > :49:22.you would think that at night-time this place would be a rather
:49:22. > :49:32.tranquil spot? Couldn't be further tranquil spot? Couldn't be further
:49:32. > :49:40.
:49:40. > :49:46.sleeps. It is 10. 00pm, but for thousands of airport staff the day
:49:46. > :49:51.is just beginning. Air Traffic Controller Aidy is one of them.
:49:51. > :50:01.Tonight, I'm the tower supervisor. I'm looking after the night shift
:50:01. > :50:01.
:50:01. > :50:06.operation. We are here from 10. 00pm to 7. 00 am. What we have here is
:50:06. > :50:10.Turkish Airlines, Airbus 320. This will be the last landing aircraft
:50:10. > :50:16.for tonight. Across the airport another team of workers have just
:50:16. > :50:20.started their shift. Certain here now. Are waiting for access to a
:50:20. > :50:25.very important piece of tarmac. weather, minimum temperature 14
:50:25. > :50:33.degrees. This is the runway resurfacing team. A job that can
:50:33. > :50:38.only be done at night. Full length. OK. Anybody got anything else to
:50:38. > :50:47.add? Over six months, they are replacing the southern runway bit by
:50:47. > :50:55.bit. They need it to themselves. last inbound aircraft has landed for
:50:55. > :51:05.tonight. That runway can go over to the airport to commence their
:51:05. > :51:09.
:51:09. > :51:16.specialist battalion of 100 vehicles swarm onto the runway in a matter of
:51:16. > :51:22.minutes. The first task is to remove the old asphalt which will be
:51:22. > :51:27.recycled for use in motorways and car parks. As you can see from the
:51:27. > :51:33.ground radar, all of these little yellow dots on here are the contract
:51:33. > :51:40.vehicles which have started to go on to begin that resurfacing work.
:51:40. > :51:44.Tonight, the team will relay an area the size of a football pitch with
:51:44. > :51:54.quick drying tarmac. They have six hours until the first plane lands
:51:54. > :52:04.
:52:04. > :52:11.on just one runway. The last plane of the night is running a little
:52:11. > :52:17.later than usual. It's now midnight. Heathrow Airport is being controlled
:52:17. > :52:24.by one person. So Dave is looking after all of the traffic. He is just
:52:24. > :52:31.cleared for takeoff the last departure of the day. That is a
:52:31. > :52:36.Singapore Airlines flight. An Airbus 380. He will be the last flight of
:52:36. > :52:41.the day right through until about 4. 30 am tomorrow morning. The plane's
:52:41. > :52:48.might have stopped, but air traffic still has work to do. You might
:52:48. > :52:52.think that, well, work goes out at Heathrow at that time? A great deal.
:52:52. > :52:55.The aeroplanes are in the wrong place. They have to be towed to the
:52:55. > :53:02.correct gate to start the whole thing off again in the morning.
:53:02. > :53:07.Suddenly, Dave's emphasis has changed from dealing with passengers
:53:07. > :53:12.and airlines that are taking off to deal with towing movements. He has
:53:12. > :53:19.two that called him up to go from Terminal 5 back to the maintenance
:53:19. > :53:23.base. As you can hear in the control tower, it is very quiet. It is very
:53:23. > :53:27.calm at night-time. We still have controllers working here. They
:53:27. > :53:31.rotate throughout the night to make sure that obviously they are quite
:53:31. > :53:35.rightly and correctly rested. When they come to work their particular
:53:35. > :53:41.part of the shift that they are fully alert and able to provide a
:53:42. > :53:48.very safe service. It's peaceful in the terminals too. Night is the
:53:48. > :53:52.perfect time for essential cleaning and maintenance. Ahead for heights
:53:52. > :53:58.is needed for some jobs. Staff don't have the terminal to themselves for
:53:58. > :54:02.long. The first passengers of the day are already arriving. Just as
:54:02. > :54:09.well that out on the tarmac the resurfacing team is finishing ahead
:54:09. > :54:13.of schedule. Before the runway can be put back into use, duty manager
:54:13. > :54:19.airside, Paula, has to check the new surface is safe for landing
:54:19. > :54:23.aircraft. It's her last job of the night. The grip test run allows us
:54:23. > :54:26.to measure the surface friction of the runway which tells us whether or
:54:26. > :54:32.not it will be slippery when wet. Therefore we can determine whether
:54:32. > :54:35.or not it's going to be within safe perimeters for aircraft to operate.
:54:35. > :54:40.We have done the run. We can do a quick view on the laptop. We have
:54:40. > :54:43.been able to determine that everything was good and we can
:54:43. > :54:50.commence the super walk. After that we will go to veil indicate
:54:50. > :54:59.everybody off the runway and hand it back to Air Traffic Control.
:54:59. > :55:03.that is left to do is to tidy up. No debris can be left on the runway. 20
:55:03. > :55:11.sweepers move along the tarmac in formation, wiping clean every last
:55:11. > :55:21.trace. Then, it's time to hand the runway back to Air Traffic Control.
:55:21. > :55:21.
:55:21. > :55:26.So, it's 0600 runway is back in action. Aidy has his first arrival.
:55:26. > :55:34.I cleared him to land. The first plane touches down on to the freshly
:55:35. > :55:40.laid tarmac. It's business as usual at Heathrow. So,s as you can see,
:55:40. > :55:48.this really is a place that never sleeps. Nothing waits for anything
:55:48. > :55:54.while that film was on air Steph in the control tower above me gave
:55:54. > :56:04.Anita's plane clearance to takeoff. We caught it on camera. Cleared for
:56:04. > :56:05.
:56:05. > :56:10.takeoff. So, all ready to go. We had our cameras lined up on the takeoff
:56:10. > :56:15.runway. We can see the moment that it was - you call this on the roll,
:56:15. > :56:21.is that right? Yes, once they are cleared for takeoff. Puts the power
:56:21. > :56:26.on he is on the roll. Up he goes for Paris. Yes.All being well, when
:56:27. > :56:30.should that plane land in Paris? much traffic around about 45
:56:30. > :56:35.minutes. Will the plane stay there for the rest of the night or has it
:56:35. > :56:38.another flight to do? That is the lest sector of the day. Crew gets a
:56:38. > :56:43.nice night in the Paris hotel. They will be back in the morning. Plane
:56:43. > :56:49.will be back here tomorrow morning? Very possibly. I have questions from
:56:49. > :56:55.our viewers. This is centre Stephen Lewis. How aircraft stacks work when
:56:56. > :57:04.there is a great deal of traffic around. Do you pile them up? We fly
:57:04. > :57:08.the right amount of planes in, if we lose the runway they will stack up
:57:09. > :57:12.to a search level. We will have further outer stacks where we will
:57:12. > :57:19.hold traffic. You will move people out, you will say, you stay in that
:57:19. > :57:24.stack, you move to this one... get nearer the airport. What happens
:57:24. > :57:28.if a seriously ill passenger or there is a mechanical fault and you
:57:28. > :57:32.have something in a stack, what do you do? Hundreds of thousands of
:57:32. > :57:37.people come through the airport, you get ill passengers. The pilot in the
:57:37. > :57:41.stack tells us that. He will get priority. He will be taken straight
:57:41. > :57:45.out straight into the pattern. We will give him priority to the ground
:57:45. > :57:49.and get him to the gate with medical assistance as well. You will call
:57:49. > :57:53.medical assistance to be there? Make sure it is there and the
:57:53. > :58:01.airline checks. That is great to know. You can keep your questions
:58:01. > :58:07.coming in. You can email us at: what have we got for you tomorrow? Anita
:58:07. > :58:13.is going to be looking into the bowels of the plane, what travels
:58:13. > :58:18.beneath our feet. Some very cute little things. As for Dallas, he
:58:18. > :58:26.will be stripping, planes that is, obviously. If you would like to find