0:00:28 > 0:00:30It's been a great summer.
0:00:30 > 0:00:34The fields of Dorset are filled with nature's bounty.
0:00:34 > 0:00:39All around, the land speaks of plenty.
0:00:39 > 0:00:44Agriculture shaped this land. Steam power shaped agriculture.
0:00:44 > 0:00:47And machines like this changed the face of farming.
0:00:48 > 0:00:50The Great Dorset Steam Fair
0:00:50 > 0:00:53is a five-day celebration of all things steam.
0:00:53 > 0:00:54I'll be going behind the scenes
0:00:54 > 0:00:57to meet the people keeping this part of our heritage alive.
0:00:59 > 0:01:01Before the advent of steam,
0:01:01 > 0:01:04farming was a much more labour-intensive business,
0:01:04 > 0:01:06but there was a ready workforce.
0:01:08 > 0:01:11Romany gypsies would have travelled from farm to farm,
0:01:11 > 0:01:14picking up seasonal work along the way.
0:01:14 > 0:01:17It was work that suited their travelling lifestyle.
0:01:17 > 0:01:19And thanks to modern-day Romanies,
0:01:19 > 0:01:23we can still get a glimpse of what life would have been like.
0:01:30 > 0:01:32And Adam's been finding out
0:01:32 > 0:01:35what can be done to stop our pets attacking livestock.
0:01:37 > 0:01:40I really enjoy taking the dogs for a walk on the farm
0:01:40 > 0:01:43and they love it, but I try and keep them under control
0:01:43 > 0:01:45and make sure they behave themselves.
0:01:45 > 0:01:47But there are some dogs who cause havoc in the countryside.
0:01:47 > 0:01:50Join me later to find out why. Come on, dogs.
0:02:00 > 0:02:01Dorset.
0:02:01 > 0:02:03Pretty as a postcard,
0:02:03 > 0:02:06and more chocolate box vistas than a Swiss sweetshop.
0:02:07 > 0:02:10The unspoiled coastline often steals the limelight,
0:02:10 > 0:02:14with its World Heritage status and fossil-tastic cliffs.
0:02:15 > 0:02:18But this week, I'm drawn inland,
0:02:18 > 0:02:20to the chalky downlands near Blandford Forum.
0:02:27 > 0:02:30And it's all getting a bit steamy.
0:02:37 > 0:02:40Well, this isn't your usual country scene.
0:02:40 > 0:02:45Spreading out behind me is 600 acres of the Great Dorset Steam Fair,
0:02:45 > 0:02:49and this is its 45th year. It's steam heaven down there.
0:02:49 > 0:02:53Look at them all, puffing away. There's rollers...
0:02:53 > 0:02:55Tractors...
0:02:55 > 0:02:58Threshers...
0:02:58 > 0:02:59Woodcutters...
0:03:01 > 0:03:03All kinds of enormous engines.
0:03:09 > 0:03:12Steam's heyday was back in the mid-19th century.
0:03:12 > 0:03:15It powered the Industrial Revolution.
0:03:17 > 0:03:19Railways began criss-crossing the country.
0:03:19 > 0:03:23Quiet rural villages became bustling towns.
0:03:23 > 0:03:26Produce could zoom from the heart of farming communities
0:03:26 > 0:03:29to the heart of a city faster than anyone had known before.
0:03:31 > 0:03:33Our countryside was being transformed.
0:03:34 > 0:03:37Soon, farms, fields and forests
0:03:37 > 0:03:40all began to chug with the sound of steam.
0:03:40 > 0:03:43The machines were well and truly off the rails.
0:03:46 > 0:03:48Engines like these could rove around, self-propelled,
0:03:48 > 0:03:53pulling huge loads for farming and industry.
0:03:53 > 0:03:55They may look quaint today,
0:03:55 > 0:03:58but back then, these were the future.
0:03:58 > 0:04:00And even today, you can't help
0:04:00 > 0:04:03but sit back and admire their beauty.
0:04:03 > 0:04:06Right, John. Let's give it some welly!
0:04:08 > 0:04:10Woo hoo!
0:04:10 > 0:04:12'And she's going to need some welly.
0:04:12 > 0:04:15'You won't believe what we are about to do.
0:04:15 > 0:04:17'John Wakeham has owned Cracker for ten years,
0:04:17 > 0:04:20'and now he's going to show us his party piece.
0:04:24 > 0:04:26'Yes, we're wheelie-ing a steam engine.'
0:04:47 > 0:04:50Well, that was an experience!
0:04:50 > 0:04:52It was naughty. It was naughty.
0:04:52 > 0:04:56- I thought you did this all the time, John.- No, no, no.
0:04:56 > 0:04:58So why do you call that naughty, then?
0:04:58 > 0:05:01Well, it's not an authentic activity for an engine,
0:05:01 > 0:05:04but it does show you how powerful this engine is
0:05:04 > 0:05:06against today's tractor.
0:05:06 > 0:05:09I know the engineering is perfect, and we aren't running any risks.
0:05:09 > 0:05:11You can pull anything, anything at all.
0:05:11 > 0:05:14As we found as the wheels went up into the sky there, John.
0:05:14 > 0:05:17It worried you. It was worrying me as well!
0:05:17 > 0:05:19BOTH LAUGH
0:05:19 > 0:05:22So this is known as a traction engine.
0:05:22 > 0:05:25This is a traction engine, an agricultural engine built
0:05:25 > 0:05:27for whatever they could find to do with it.
0:05:27 > 0:05:28It would be thrashing all winter.
0:05:28 > 0:05:31Bit of stone crushing in the summer, bit of haulage on the roads.
0:05:31 > 0:05:33Anything they could find to keep it working,
0:05:33 > 0:05:36- they would be happy to do with it. - What kind of an impact did it have?
0:05:36 > 0:05:38It had tremendous impact,
0:05:38 > 0:05:40because you moved from an acre a day,
0:05:40 > 0:05:42from oxen and horses ploughing,
0:05:42 > 0:05:45to 20 acres a day, no trouble at all for a pair of ploughing engines.
0:05:45 > 0:05:49You increased production. This was an expensive thing to produce.
0:05:49 > 0:05:51Modern tractors were much cheaper to produce,
0:05:51 > 0:05:53and again speeded things up.
0:05:53 > 0:05:57First World War, the men went off to fight. Tractors started creeping in.
0:05:57 > 0:06:00Second World War, that was the real period
0:06:00 > 0:06:02when these boys came off the road
0:06:02 > 0:06:05and the Land Army girl was driving her tractor.
0:06:05 > 0:06:07That's the lovely picture you see today
0:06:07 > 0:06:09of Second World War agriculture.
0:06:09 > 0:06:12Is she a she or a he, or...?
0:06:13 > 0:06:17Well, it is a she, but it's a bit of a he, isn't it!
0:06:19 > 0:06:22Excellent. Well, I know everything's on display here,
0:06:22 > 0:06:25so you were talking about this steam plougher.
0:06:25 > 0:06:28- Can we go and have a look at that? - Yeah, it's on the hill over there.
0:06:28 > 0:06:31- I think that's your next stop. - Excellent. That was fun, man.
0:06:31 > 0:06:34I'll never forget that, I tell you.
0:06:34 > 0:06:36Thank you to you and him, or her, whatever.
0:06:41 > 0:06:45Steam ploughing revolutionised farming, and our landscape.
0:06:45 > 0:06:49Up until their advent, the work had been done by man and beast.
0:06:55 > 0:06:58But steam power was not only more efficient,
0:06:58 > 0:07:00it also changed the very form of our fields,
0:07:00 > 0:07:03and the very character of our countryside.
0:07:09 > 0:07:10Now, as then,
0:07:10 > 0:07:14the trick is keeping your plough working in a straight line,
0:07:14 > 0:07:15and it doesn't make it any easier
0:07:15 > 0:07:18when you know you're being watched by the pros.
0:07:18 > 0:07:21- I'm just keeping it close to the edge. Are you happy with that?- Yeah.
0:07:21 > 0:07:23Oh, we're getting a bit of speed up now!
0:07:23 > 0:07:26Well, John, what do you reckon to that for a first attempt?
0:07:26 > 0:07:29Well, he looks like a man who can do most things, doesn't he?
0:07:29 > 0:07:32- It looks like he's done a little bit before, doesn't it?- Yeah.
0:07:32 > 0:07:34This is lovely.
0:07:34 > 0:07:36It's so strange, because you can't hear an engine,
0:07:36 > 0:07:39you can just hear the stones turning underneath.
0:07:41 > 0:07:44- Isn't a bad job, is it? - No, it's better
0:07:44 > 0:07:48than some of the other television crews we've had here.
0:07:48 > 0:07:49Dear, dear, dear!
0:07:49 > 0:07:51How's it looking behind us, Derek?
0:07:53 > 0:07:56- Is it all right?- Yeah.- Good.
0:08:02 > 0:08:03'Well, I'm more than happy
0:08:03 > 0:08:06'with my first attempt at steam ploughing.'
0:08:07 > 0:08:12Derek, thank you so much for that. I thoroughly enjoyed it.
0:08:12 > 0:08:14It doesn't half make you realise
0:08:14 > 0:08:16how sad it is that the age of steam has been and gone.
0:08:16 > 0:08:21But full credit to you, lads, for keeping it alive. See you later.
0:08:28 > 0:08:30Dorset's patchwork fields.
0:08:31 > 0:08:35The summer's hot and ripening sun has set us up for a healthy harvest.
0:08:37 > 0:08:40Today, combines and tractors make short work of it,
0:08:40 > 0:08:44but in the age before machines, the harvest was dependent on a workforce.
0:08:46 > 0:08:50Ideally, one that would arrive just as the crops were ripening
0:08:50 > 0:08:53and move on when the work was finished.
0:08:53 > 0:08:57Here in Dorset, that work was mostly done by Romany gypsies.
0:08:59 > 0:09:03Romany gypsies have been part of the British landscape for centuries.
0:09:03 > 0:09:05Unlike other travellers,
0:09:05 > 0:09:08they trace their origins back to northern India,
0:09:08 > 0:09:10more than 1,000 years ago.
0:09:10 > 0:09:12Their nomadic lifestyle fit perfectly
0:09:12 > 0:09:15with the seasonal nature of agriculture,
0:09:15 > 0:09:18a connection that would last until machines replaced manpower.
0:09:21 > 0:09:24Today, they are the largest ethnic minority in Dorset,
0:09:24 > 0:09:26but their lifestyle has changed.
0:09:26 > 0:09:30To find out how, I'm spending the day with a Dorset-based Romany family,
0:09:30 > 0:09:34and I'm beginning with John Bond, who grew up in these lanes in the 1950s.
0:09:34 > 0:09:39- You look like a movie star, John. Look at that!- Yeah.- That's fabulous.
0:09:39 > 0:09:41- How old were you?- About 11, 12.
0:09:41 > 0:09:45And you used to actually stop on this very lane?
0:09:45 > 0:09:47This lane here, just there. We all did.
0:09:47 > 0:09:51Tell me about it. What was life like? What did you have to do?
0:09:51 > 0:09:56Um, what we were doing was doing work on the farms.
0:09:56 > 0:09:58Potato picking.
0:09:58 > 0:10:02Then there was the sugar beet. That was in the winter.
0:10:02 > 0:10:07We loved it, funnily enough. We loved what we were doing.
0:10:07 > 0:10:10We would come back at night-time,
0:10:10 > 0:10:15have our tea, big fire, dancing, singing.
0:10:15 > 0:10:19- What do you feel, looking back, that you got out of that life?- Knowledge.
0:10:19 > 0:10:22How to live. How to survive.
0:10:24 > 0:10:26'Romany gypsies had faced discrimination
0:10:26 > 0:10:30'ever since their arrival in Britain, but as John was growing up,
0:10:30 > 0:10:32'Romany culture was seriously under threat.
0:10:32 > 0:10:35'Farm mechanisation meant the seasonal work dried up,
0:10:35 > 0:10:37'and when gypsies left the farms
0:10:37 > 0:10:40'and took to the roadsides in the '50s and '60s,
0:10:40 > 0:10:43'laws were put in place that restricted where they could stop.'
0:10:46 > 0:10:51Gradually, Romany people left behind life on the road,
0:10:51 > 0:10:54forced to swap wheels for walls.
0:10:54 > 0:10:58Today, there are about 300,000 Romany gypsies left in the UK,
0:10:58 > 0:11:00and for many of them, the urge to travel
0:11:00 > 0:11:03still courses through their veins.
0:11:04 > 0:11:08And while most of the new generation have never lived on the road,
0:11:08 > 0:11:10their traditions live on.
0:11:10 > 0:11:14Such a rare sight, but really quite charming.
0:11:14 > 0:11:17'This is Lee Hughes.'
0:11:17 > 0:11:20- Any chance of a ride? - Yeah, no problem.
0:11:20 > 0:11:22- My foot up here?- That's the one.
0:11:22 > 0:11:25'A Romany gypsy who normally lives in a house and a nephew of John,
0:11:25 > 0:11:27'who I've just been speaking to.'
0:11:29 > 0:11:33So, even though Romany gypsies can't live the life they once lived,
0:11:33 > 0:11:36how come you get to go about with your wagon like this?
0:11:36 > 0:11:40Because we treat it more as a holiday now, really.
0:11:40 > 0:11:42Just have a few days out,
0:11:42 > 0:11:46because travellers don't like four walls and bricks and mortar.
0:11:46 > 0:11:49Every now and then, they've got to get out, and this is what I do.
0:11:49 > 0:11:53And it's a way of defying and keeping the tradition alive.
0:11:53 > 0:11:56I was thinking, in 2013, how do you keep this way of life going?
0:11:56 > 0:11:59- It must be tricky.- It is tricky, especially with some of the cars.
0:11:59 > 0:12:03Sometimes you think they're going to take the back of the wagon out.
0:12:03 > 0:12:06- Really?- It really is that bad.- And what about in the eyes of the public?
0:12:06 > 0:12:11The broad name "gypsy" has a different meaning to a lot of people.
0:12:11 > 0:12:16- What do you think about that?- Well, I don't know what to think, really.
0:12:16 > 0:12:18Some people love to see travellers about,
0:12:18 > 0:12:20and other people can't stand them.
0:12:22 > 0:12:23You know, but I think
0:12:23 > 0:12:26more people have more respect for this way of life
0:12:26 > 0:12:29than they have with the motorised caravans and all that capers.
0:12:31 > 0:12:34'Romanies often get confused with the travelling communities,
0:12:34 > 0:12:37'but they are a distinct ethnic group.
0:12:38 > 0:12:41'Just like the other travellers, though,
0:12:41 > 0:12:43'they feel the same sense of being marginalised.'
0:12:43 > 0:12:47At the end of the day, what are we hurting?
0:12:47 > 0:12:48You're not polluting the air.
0:12:48 > 0:12:52You know, when we've been on a campsite,
0:12:52 > 0:12:53you can't see where we've been.
0:12:53 > 0:12:55You can't even tell where we've had the fire.
0:12:55 > 0:12:57So if it was up to you,
0:12:57 > 0:13:00- would you choose this wagon over your four walls?- Yes.
0:13:00 > 0:13:05If you said to me tomorrow, "I'll buy you a house or a wagon",
0:13:05 > 0:13:07I would say, "Buy me the wagon, please."
0:13:07 > 0:13:09And you've got children yourself,
0:13:09 > 0:13:13- so I guess you're keen to pass all this down to them as well?- Oh, yeah.
0:13:13 > 0:13:17- This is why I do it.- So you take them out on these holidays?- Oh, yeah.
0:13:17 > 0:13:20You'll meet them in a minute.
0:13:20 > 0:13:21'And here they come.
0:13:21 > 0:13:25'All the family are here to set up camp.
0:13:25 > 0:13:26'It's an echo of a time
0:13:26 > 0:13:29'when caravans would pull up till the harvest was done.'
0:13:32 > 0:13:33Show me around, Lee.
0:13:33 > 0:13:37Well, this is the bed where the parents would sleep.
0:13:37 > 0:13:41And underneath there is where the young kids would sleep.
0:13:41 > 0:13:43The older ones would sleep in a tent.
0:13:43 > 0:13:46And the older boys would sleep underneath there.
0:13:46 > 0:13:48What about your kids?
0:13:48 > 0:13:51Do you think they'll keep hold of this heritage and keep it going?
0:13:51 > 0:13:54I'd like to think so. They've got it in their blood.
0:13:54 > 0:14:00- If you ask... Mia, Mia, what are you, a gorgie or a gypsy?- Gypsy.
0:14:00 > 0:14:02- Aw! What's a gorgie? - A gorgie's a non-traveller.
0:14:02 > 0:14:03It's not a rude word for people,
0:14:03 > 0:14:06but for people like you, it's a non-traveller.
0:14:06 > 0:14:12- That's what we call gorgies. - And she's gypsy, she said.- Oh, yeah.
0:14:13 > 0:14:16'And while these camps are a rare sight today,
0:14:16 > 0:14:19'there is a tradition Lee can keep alive wherever he goes.'
0:14:21 > 0:14:24# Well, I'm a Romany Rai
0:14:24 > 0:14:28# You gorgies call me just an old didikai
0:14:28 > 0:14:33# My home is a mansion beneath this blue sky
0:14:35 > 0:14:37# I was born in a ditch
0:14:37 > 0:14:40# That's why I'll never grow rich
0:14:40 > 0:14:44# That's why they call me the Romany Rai
0:14:44 > 0:14:48# Kakka little chavve dika kai
0:14:48 > 0:14:51# Kakka little chavve dika kai
0:14:51 > 0:14:57# My old daddy's gone to sell a mush a kushto grai... #
0:14:57 > 0:15:00'It's been heartening to spend time with Lee and his family,
0:15:00 > 0:15:01'to get such a close look
0:15:01 > 0:15:05'at one of our countryside's most colourful cultures
0:15:05 > 0:15:06'while it's still here.'
0:15:06 > 0:15:10# ..Why they call him the Romany Rai. #
0:15:14 > 0:15:15'Now, a few weeks back,
0:15:15 > 0:15:17'Jules was in Wales' beautiful Elan Valley,
0:15:17 > 0:15:20'where he found out there's more to its reservoirs
0:15:20 > 0:15:22'than quenching our thirst.'
0:15:23 > 0:15:29Imagine it's 1891, and I'm surrounded by a steep-sided river valley.
0:15:29 > 0:15:32And hidden amongst the trees, there's the odd farmstead,
0:15:32 > 0:15:34with livestock grazing gently.
0:15:34 > 0:15:38Well, all that changed, thanks to a remarkable project
0:15:38 > 0:15:41and a giant feat of Victorian engineering.
0:15:44 > 0:15:48I'm talking dams. The region is dotted with them.
0:15:48 > 0:15:52The valley was flooded way back to create the reservoirs we see today.
0:15:54 > 0:15:58This lot is destined for Birmingham, and I'm here to find out why.
0:15:58 > 0:16:04More than 100 years ago and 73 miles away, Birmingham was booming.
0:16:04 > 0:16:07Its population was on the up, and that meant that for many,
0:16:07 > 0:16:09conditions were squalid.
0:16:09 > 0:16:13Clean water was vital, but providing it was a pipedream, literally.
0:16:14 > 0:16:16Something had to be done.
0:16:16 > 0:16:19This remote valley turned out to be Birmingham's saviour,
0:16:19 > 0:16:23but why was this place chosen for such a large-scale project?
0:16:26 > 0:16:27Rain, and lots of it.
0:16:27 > 0:16:31Falling around 235 days of the year here,
0:16:31 > 0:16:34it's almost three times wetter than Birmingham.
0:16:34 > 0:16:37Narrow valleys made dam-building easier, too,
0:16:37 > 0:16:40and also, the bedrock beneath is impervious,
0:16:40 > 0:16:42making it ideal for holding water,
0:16:42 > 0:16:45a big plus when you're building a reservoir.
0:16:45 > 0:16:48The Birmingham Water Company, then run by the council,
0:16:48 > 0:16:51bought the plot from two local landowners
0:16:51 > 0:16:52and then set about the task
0:16:52 > 0:16:56of relocating the 100 or so tenant farmers that lived here.
0:16:56 > 0:16:57So now they had the land,
0:16:57 > 0:17:01the big question was how to get the water from Wales to the city.
0:17:03 > 0:17:05The answer was simple - gravity.
0:17:05 > 0:17:09The reservoirs are higher up than Birmingham,
0:17:09 > 0:17:13so the water shoots downhill all the way from Wales to the Midlands.
0:17:17 > 0:17:20The design of the dams was an engineering marvel.
0:17:21 > 0:17:24Even in an age of engineering marvels, they stood out.
0:17:27 > 0:17:29To get a closer look at the design,
0:17:29 > 0:17:33I'm meeting Noel Hughes, reservoir guardian.
0:17:33 > 0:17:39Back in 1892, the City of Birmingham acquired a 72 square mile catchment
0:17:39 > 0:17:43to build these massive structures to harness the water here in Wales.
0:17:43 > 0:17:46But it must have cost a fortune.
0:17:46 > 0:17:49The total cost was £6.6 million back in those days.
0:17:49 > 0:17:54- Which these days seems like not a lot, but it would be billions.- Quite.
0:17:54 > 0:17:55In total, building all this
0:17:55 > 0:17:59and doing the work in the inner cities almost bankrupted the city.
0:18:01 > 0:18:02'But it didn't.
0:18:02 > 0:18:04'The reservoirs were a success,
0:18:04 > 0:18:08'and in 1904, the first drop of water left, bound for Birmingham.
0:18:08 > 0:18:11'However, this dam was never completed.'
0:18:11 > 0:18:14I love it, because it's a great way of understanding
0:18:14 > 0:18:17the anatomy of these structures.
0:18:17 > 0:18:21Each of these stones, as you can imagine, were weighed, cleaned,
0:18:21 > 0:18:25- and believe it or not, this was the tool of the day.- You're joking?- No.
0:18:25 > 0:18:28They used to clean each of the crevices
0:18:28 > 0:18:30to make sure they were free of any debris
0:18:30 > 0:18:34so that the concrete would engage and key into the stones.
0:18:34 > 0:18:35Are you having a laugh?
0:18:35 > 0:18:41No, this was possibly one of the most important tools required
0:18:41 > 0:18:44- back in those days. - That is extraordinary.
0:18:44 > 0:18:48- Nothing was left to chance, then? - No.
0:18:48 > 0:18:50'A little touch of ingenuity,
0:18:50 > 0:18:53'and it's meant these dams are in as good a nick
0:18:53 > 0:18:55'as the day they were built.
0:18:55 > 0:18:58'Like this one, eight miles away at Pen-y-Garreg.'
0:18:58 > 0:19:01How much water is in this particular reservoir?
0:19:01 > 0:19:04This reservoir holds 6,000 million litres.
0:19:04 > 0:19:08To put that in perspective, it would last Birmingham just over two weeks.
0:19:08 > 0:19:12But how do you get the water out of here on its way to Birmingham?
0:19:12 > 0:19:15We have a series of valves we can open to release it.
0:19:15 > 0:19:16Come on, I'll show you.
0:19:22 > 0:19:27'There are 174 steps between the top and the bottom.
0:19:27 > 0:19:29'Cheers, Noel, you could have said.'
0:19:29 > 0:19:32So this is the business end.
0:19:32 > 0:19:36- This is the business end.- And is this an original valve?- That's right.
0:19:36 > 0:19:39- 110 years of age.- And it still works. Very much so.
0:19:39 > 0:19:42- Right, which way do we turn it? - Clockwise, if I remember rightly.
0:19:44 > 0:19:45Here we go.
0:19:47 > 0:19:49You can hear the water, can't you?
0:19:56 > 0:19:57Wow!
0:19:59 > 0:20:02There it is. This water is now racing off to the Midlands.
0:20:05 > 0:20:08Now, they tell me it's going at about one mile an hour,
0:20:08 > 0:20:12which means that this lot should get to Birmingham...
0:20:12 > 0:20:13in about three days.
0:20:17 > 0:20:20'So while the water follows its course,
0:20:20 > 0:20:23'I'm getting a closer look at the reservoirs, paddle in hand.'
0:20:26 > 0:20:30Ed Parsons manages the Elan Valley Estate which takes in the dams,
0:20:30 > 0:20:33reservoirs, and the surrounding countryside.
0:20:35 > 0:20:39- Shall we have a breather? - Yeah, cool!- Why not enjoy it?
0:20:39 > 0:20:40I mean, this is a real treat for me.
0:20:40 > 0:20:44I've often looked at these lakes and wondered what this dramatic
0:20:44 > 0:20:48landscape would really look like from the surface, but here we are.
0:20:48 > 0:20:49Absolutely, I mean, I think it's one
0:20:49 > 0:20:51of the best ways to see the estate...
0:20:51 > 0:20:53and marvel at the fantastic Victorian engineering.
0:20:53 > 0:20:55I mean, you can see in front of us
0:20:55 > 0:20:58the Garreg divider with the tower right behind that and that's
0:20:58 > 0:21:00where the water's abstracted for the treatment works.
0:21:00 > 0:21:03But there are lots of other little secrets, aren't there,
0:21:03 > 0:21:06- tucked away in these valleys and caves?- There certainly are, this
0:21:06 > 0:21:07site played an important role
0:21:07 > 0:21:09in the Second World War. There are pillboxes
0:21:09 > 0:21:12you can still see today where the Home Guard were stationed.
0:21:12 > 0:21:13You can understand its strategic importance.
0:21:13 > 0:21:15Quite, absolutely, yeah,
0:21:15 > 0:21:17and it was also used as a firing range I understand too.
0:21:21 > 0:21:22'During the Second World War,
0:21:22 > 0:21:26'the larger dams were protected from potential German raids, but it
0:21:26 > 0:21:30'was another dam that was to play a much more significant wartime role.
0:21:30 > 0:21:34'The small Nant-y-Gro Dam was important in the development
0:21:34 > 0:21:36'of Sir Barnes Wallis' bouncing bomb
0:21:36 > 0:21:40'famously used in the Dambusters raid of 1943.'
0:21:41 > 0:21:44Now most of us are familiar with Derwentwater in Derbyshire
0:21:44 > 0:21:47as the test site for the bomb practise run,
0:21:47 > 0:21:52but the charge for that bomb was finally worked out here.
0:21:52 > 0:21:56This tiny little dam has been obscured by trees for decades
0:21:56 > 0:21:57until now.
0:22:01 > 0:22:05Wallis and his team of engineers had been scouring the country looking
0:22:05 > 0:22:09for suitable test sites, but when they got here to Nant-y-Gro
0:22:09 > 0:22:13it must have been something like a eureka moment.
0:22:13 > 0:22:15Tiny as it now looks, when it was complete,
0:22:15 > 0:22:20this dam was about one fifth the size of their principal target,
0:22:20 > 0:22:24the Mohne Dam, but, crucially, it was ten times bigger than any
0:22:24 > 0:22:27model they'd built previously upon which to practice.
0:22:27 > 0:22:30So, the idea in theory was simple -
0:22:30 > 0:22:33if they could figure out how to destroy this lot...
0:22:33 > 0:22:36they might yet come up with a plan to destroy the dams in Germany.
0:22:38 > 0:22:41Now long before the bouncing bomb itself had been produced,
0:22:41 > 0:22:45the tests here set out to answer two fundamental questions -
0:22:45 > 0:22:48how much explosive would be needed and, importantly,
0:22:48 > 0:22:50where should it be placed?
0:22:50 > 0:22:54What they discovered at Nant-y-Gro was that the blast would have
0:22:54 > 0:22:57to be set off right here next to the dam itself.
0:22:57 > 0:23:00The explosion and, importantly, the shockwaves would then
0:23:00 > 0:23:04hopefully shatter the concrete and breach the dam.
0:23:08 > 0:23:10The first test failed.
0:23:14 > 0:23:16But the second did the job.
0:23:19 > 0:23:21'There's a real poignancy being here today.
0:23:21 > 0:23:26'It's 70 years since the Dambusters raid and, whilst we remember it,
0:23:26 > 0:23:28'it's important not to forget the part played
0:23:28 > 0:23:30'by this remote region of Wales.
0:23:30 > 0:23:32'Without practise sites like this,
0:23:32 > 0:23:35'the Dambusters may never have made the history books.'
0:23:39 > 0:23:43Dorset's beautiful coast and patchwork of pastures is
0:23:43 > 0:23:46enough to attract nearly 25 million visitors every year.
0:23:53 > 0:23:57Before the days of cars, computers and telly,
0:23:57 > 0:23:58what did people do for fun?
0:24:02 > 0:24:06The Industrial Revolution wasn't all about farming and industry,
0:24:06 > 0:24:10it also powered a whole new world of entertainment.
0:24:10 > 0:24:14Steam-powered funfairs, like this, were all the rage.
0:24:14 > 0:24:18A highlight of the rural calendar for children and adults alike.
0:24:20 > 0:24:24The turn of the 20th Century was the age of the great showmen...
0:24:25 > 0:24:28Boys and girls, gather round, try your luck. Ring this bell.
0:24:28 > 0:24:31Come along. All the fun of the British fair.
0:24:33 > 0:24:36..enterprising chaps who saw cash in carousels
0:24:36 > 0:24:38and money in merry-go-rounds.
0:24:42 > 0:24:43From meadow to metropolis,
0:24:43 > 0:24:49the touring fairs were hauled by the showmen's magnificent engines.
0:24:49 > 0:24:52These puffing beasts were an attraction in their own right.
0:24:53 > 0:24:56They were the same as the ones that hauled stone,
0:24:56 > 0:24:58chopped wood or ploughed the fields.
0:24:59 > 0:25:00Just a bit shinier.
0:25:02 > 0:25:07These gleaming machines are all part of the Great Dorset Steam Fair.
0:25:07 > 0:25:10In fact, this is the biggest event of its kind in the world and,
0:25:10 > 0:25:17as I speak, this area is the third largest populated place in Dorset.
0:25:22 > 0:25:25And there's one man who can take credit as the great
0:25:25 > 0:25:30showman of this event - local lad and local legend, Michael Oliver.
0:25:31 > 0:25:34This is a perfect example here of a threshing machine.
0:25:34 > 0:25:37Most of the people that operate these machines,
0:25:37 > 0:25:39many think they're fanatics, they're crazy...
0:25:39 > 0:25:42They're very, very nice people in fact.
0:25:42 > 0:25:46And we've got people from all walks of life, which...
0:25:46 > 0:25:47operate these machines.
0:25:47 > 0:25:52In our club alone, which is probably 80 percent of the stock here today,
0:25:52 > 0:25:54we've got a bus conductor,
0:25:54 > 0:25:56even a first-class eye surgeon.
0:25:56 > 0:25:59I've got farm workers, we've got people that work in factories,
0:25:59 > 0:26:03and it's amazing the interest shown by younger people.
0:26:05 > 0:26:08'Michael's son Martin has taken on the steam legacy.'
0:26:08 > 0:26:12- My father started this back in 1968. - Right.
0:26:12 > 0:26:15Um, nothing more bigger than the village fete, basically,
0:26:15 > 0:26:17- but, uh...- Really? How many engines were there then?
0:26:17 > 0:26:21- Was it even known as a steam show then?- It was a steam party.
0:26:21 > 0:26:23When you think back 40 odd years,
0:26:23 > 0:26:27some of these lovely machines were being cut up for scrap for £30, £40.
0:26:27 > 0:26:31Luckily, our country has got a great heart for tradition
0:26:31 > 0:26:33and heritage and it's very, very important
0:26:33 > 0:26:35because we were the pioneers of manufacturing
0:26:35 > 0:26:39in the world, you know, 100, 150 years ago, and we've sort of lost
0:26:39 > 0:26:42our way a little bit, so we need to keep our heritage alive
0:26:42 > 0:26:45because it's so important. And my dad was a complete one-off.
0:26:45 > 0:26:46'He was a showman in his own right, really.
0:26:46 > 0:26:48'He was a tremendous character.'
0:26:48 > 0:26:49Lovely.
0:26:52 > 0:26:55We put this whole show on with no money at all,
0:26:55 > 0:26:56we take a gamble,
0:26:56 > 0:27:00the thing cost us £3,000 to put on with nothing in the bank.
0:27:00 > 0:27:03We take a chance, but the people that support us,
0:27:03 > 0:27:05well, they're of the frame of mind,
0:27:05 > 0:27:07"If you go down, we go down with you."
0:27:07 > 0:27:11Hey! Hey! Hey! Hey!
0:27:11 > 0:27:12Hey!
0:27:16 > 0:27:19'And my dad's left a tremendous legacy for this event
0:27:19 > 0:27:22'and I feel it's my duty to keep it going for him, really.
0:27:22 > 0:27:27'I really do enjoy it, but this will always be my dad's show, always.'
0:27:27 > 0:27:28Huh!
0:27:28 > 0:27:29I am laughing at that.
0:27:30 > 0:27:33And I would think the last words that many people shouted
0:27:33 > 0:27:37out of their car windows to me was, "See you again, same time,
0:27:37 > 0:27:38"same place next year."
0:27:40 > 0:27:41CAROUSEL TUNES PLAY
0:27:46 > 0:27:48Well, earlier in the year, Julia was in Kent,
0:27:48 > 0:27:52looking at ways to help small furry animals dodge the traffic and
0:27:52 > 0:27:56if you want to know how the dormouse crossed the road, just ask her.
0:28:01 > 0:28:02SHEEP BLEAT
0:28:03 > 0:28:06Kent, the garden of England.
0:28:06 > 0:28:09Here the countryside is blooming in the summer sunshine.
0:28:10 > 0:28:14And nowhere more so than Scotney Castle.
0:28:15 > 0:28:17Once home to the Hussey family,
0:28:17 > 0:28:20the estate is now managed by the National Trust
0:28:20 > 0:28:25and it's not hard to see why 130,000 visitors come here every year.
0:28:25 > 0:28:29But even the most beautiful of beauty spots need a way in.
0:28:32 > 0:28:35When the A21 bypass was built in 2005,
0:28:35 > 0:28:38it cut right through the middle of precious woodland habitat.
0:28:40 > 0:28:43Four roaring lanes of high-speed traffic,
0:28:43 > 0:28:46and small woodland mammals don't really mix.
0:28:47 > 0:28:48So, the question is...
0:28:50 > 0:28:51..how did the mouse cross the road?
0:28:57 > 0:28:58Not easily.
0:29:00 > 0:29:04The Highways Agency and the National Trust came up with a novel solution.
0:29:04 > 0:29:08The first ever wildlife road bridge in the UK.
0:29:09 > 0:29:11The bridge provides access to the Scotney Castle Estate
0:29:11 > 0:29:14for the tourists who flock here every year.
0:29:15 > 0:29:17But little would they know that it was specially designed to offer
0:29:17 > 0:29:23safe passage for mammals, insects and birds, avoiding the busy road below.
0:29:25 > 0:29:29Has it really worked? Well, the proof is in the pudding.
0:29:29 > 0:29:31Or, should I say, the traps.
0:29:31 > 0:29:34'Janine Hill and her students from the nearby Hadlow College, have
0:29:34 > 0:29:38'been monitoring a shy and elusive type of traffic on the bridge -
0:29:38 > 0:29:41'traffic with four legs rather than wheels.'
0:29:43 > 0:29:45Afternoon, all.
0:29:45 > 0:29:47That is a lot of traps.
0:29:47 > 0:29:49How many have you got?
0:29:49 > 0:29:53- Eh, we've got 44 traps set today. - 44!- Yeah.
0:29:53 > 0:29:55And, um, usually how lucky are you?
0:29:55 > 0:29:57We've got a couple which could be.
0:29:59 > 0:30:04- You think there might, maybe, maybe, have some booty in there?- Absolutely.
0:30:04 > 0:30:06What do you think you might have in either of these two?
0:30:06 > 0:30:08Well, with this habitat,
0:30:08 > 0:30:10we're looking really for mice. There's different types of mice,
0:30:10 > 0:30:13so a wood mouse or a yellow-necked mouse.
0:30:13 > 0:30:17We might get some voles in here or, possibly, we might get a shrew.
0:30:17 > 0:30:20- And, so, both hands straight in. - Both hands straight in.
0:30:20 > 0:30:22- And I'm going to just do this. - Yes, I'm unclipping.
0:30:22 > 0:30:26- Unclip, point downwards. - Point downwards. Yes, I am.
0:30:26 > 0:30:29And then what we're going to do is give it a little shake.
0:30:29 > 0:30:31There might NOT be anything in here.
0:30:31 > 0:30:34- I don't think there is, you know. - Right, anything in the box?
0:30:34 > 0:30:37- Nothing in there, that is an empty trap.- It's an empty trap.
0:30:37 > 0:30:39- I'm just going to check the bedding. - Check the bag.
0:30:39 > 0:30:41Not a lot in there.
0:30:41 > 0:30:43Sometimes we don't catch anything
0:30:43 > 0:30:45and that's not to say they're not here, it's just...
0:30:45 > 0:30:47they're smart little beasts.
0:30:47 > 0:30:49We're very familiar with this on Countryfile.
0:30:49 > 0:30:52- This one...yes, squeeze both the buttons.- Squeeze it.- Straight open.
0:30:53 > 0:30:54- Oh.- Oh.
0:30:54 > 0:30:57No, that's just a large peanut!
0:30:57 > 0:30:58- No.- No.
0:30:58 > 0:31:02- That's zero.- Oh, Janine!- Oh, disappointing.- Look at that!- I know.
0:31:02 > 0:31:05- Once we got there, the cupboard was bare.- That's it.
0:31:05 > 0:31:08But they're here, the mice are thriving, they're alive and well.
0:31:08 > 0:31:11They are and lots of the other mammal species are as well,
0:31:11 > 0:31:14which is fantastic. You know, it's a great site, so...
0:31:14 > 0:31:17I haven't got anything today, but they are here, definitely here.
0:31:17 > 0:31:18I believe you.
0:31:21 > 0:31:23OK, so we weren't so lucky with these traps,
0:31:23 > 0:31:27but we did have success with our camera traps.
0:31:27 > 0:31:29This footage is some of the very first video evidence
0:31:29 > 0:31:32of the creatures using the land bridge.
0:31:37 > 0:31:39BLACKBIRD SINGS
0:31:53 > 0:31:56'I'm off to find one more creature who's had a lot of influence,
0:31:56 > 0:31:59'despite it's small size.'
0:31:59 > 0:32:02In fact, this tree-loving mammal was one of the deciding
0:32:02 > 0:32:04factors in building this wildlife highway.
0:32:05 > 0:32:08- Hey, Ross.- Hello.- How are you doing? - Very well, how are you?
0:32:08 > 0:32:10- You must be Rosie.- Nice to meet you. - Where are we heading?
0:32:10 > 0:32:13- We're heading off this way to see what we can find.- OK.- Follow me.
0:32:13 > 0:32:16'Ross Wingfield and Rosie Marsden work and volunteer
0:32:16 > 0:32:18'on the Scotney Castle Estate.
0:32:18 > 0:32:21'They're taking me to an unlikely spot to find this
0:32:21 > 0:32:22'very cute local resident.'
0:32:22 > 0:32:24DISTANT TRAFFIC
0:32:24 > 0:32:26You can definitely hear the road here.
0:32:30 > 0:32:34- So, here we are.- X marks the spot.
0:32:34 > 0:32:36- Oh! Definitely something in there.- Yeah.
0:32:36 > 0:32:39So we'll get it off the tree.
0:32:39 > 0:32:42- So the box comes off the tree. - Yeah, in the bag.
0:32:47 > 0:32:49Oh, look!
0:32:49 > 0:32:53- It's a dormouse. - We've got a little dormouse!
0:32:53 > 0:32:54Look at that fellow!
0:32:55 > 0:32:58Those big brown eyes, they're just so endearing.
0:32:58 > 0:33:00They're great, aren't they?
0:33:01 > 0:33:03We're not allowed to touch this, are we?
0:33:03 > 0:33:05- You can, Rosie, cos you've got a licence.- That's right.
0:33:05 > 0:33:07It's really important work we do, collecting data on
0:33:07 > 0:33:11how many numbers, age, sex and then they can get a sort of a trend
0:33:11 > 0:33:14cos this is quite a rare and declining species now.
0:33:15 > 0:33:17So, if I just sex it first, shall we?
0:33:20 > 0:33:21So we just look here...
0:33:22 > 0:33:24- ..at the genitals.- What have we got?
0:33:24 > 0:33:25We've got a little girl here.
0:33:25 > 0:33:27Um, you can see here that the anus
0:33:27 > 0:33:29- and the genitals are very close together.- Mm-hm.
0:33:29 > 0:33:31So, that's a little girl. We'll just weigh her.
0:33:34 > 0:33:35So, that's...
0:33:35 > 0:33:39..17 grams minus... The bag is about 3.5, so that's...
0:33:39 > 0:33:42- 13 and a half grams. - 13 and a half grams.
0:33:42 > 0:33:45Yeah, so that's a good healthy weight for
0:33:45 > 0:33:46coming out of hibernation.
0:33:46 > 0:33:48How old would she be?
0:33:48 > 0:33:51Judging by the weight and the colour...
0:33:51 > 0:33:56she might be one of last year's young, so, yeah, she's probably
0:33:56 > 0:33:59not a full adult, but she's made it through hibernation at
0:33:59 > 0:34:01a good weight and she looks healthy.
0:34:01 > 0:34:02So, she'll be...
0:34:02 > 0:34:06sort of piling on the weight now, feeding up and, yeah...
0:34:06 > 0:34:08looking to breed in future years.
0:34:08 > 0:34:11So, we'll just post it back through the box.
0:34:11 > 0:34:12Relief!
0:34:13 > 0:34:17Relief for her. Look at that little paw just clinging on!
0:34:19 > 0:34:23- Oh!- Normally you blow on the tails to get them to...pop in.
0:34:23 > 0:34:25And, Ross, it would be fair to say that these little creatures
0:34:25 > 0:34:29- were very influential in the creation of the bridge.- Absolutely.
0:34:29 > 0:34:32The bypass had separated two dormouse populations
0:34:32 > 0:34:34and the whole point of the land bridge that was put in
0:34:34 > 0:34:38was to connect these populations and in 2011, the end of 2011,
0:34:38 > 0:34:41we had breeding dormice on the land bridge for the first time,
0:34:41 > 0:34:44which was just fantastic, it was, you know, it was such a great day.
0:34:44 > 0:34:46That must have exceeded expectations, really.
0:34:46 > 0:34:48We always hoped we would get breeding dormice
0:34:48 > 0:34:50on the land bridge, but it was always, you know, a hope
0:34:50 > 0:34:52and now it's actually happening
0:34:52 > 0:34:54and we're getting them hopefully regularly from now on.
0:34:54 > 0:34:56How lovely.
0:34:56 > 0:34:58Very exciting.
0:34:58 > 0:35:00'It's brilliant to see an endangered species thriving
0:35:00 > 0:35:03'next to such a busy road.'
0:35:03 > 0:35:06A shining example of how we can live side by side with nature
0:35:06 > 0:35:08if we just give it a little thought.
0:35:16 > 0:35:19Plenty of us enjoy a walk in the countryside and, for some,
0:35:19 > 0:35:23it's made more enjoyable when they're out with their dogs.
0:35:23 > 0:35:26But sometimes a tranquil stroll can end in tragedy
0:35:26 > 0:35:29as Adam's been finding out.
0:35:29 > 0:35:30SHEEP BLEAT
0:35:30 > 0:35:32This item contains some distressing scenes.
0:35:35 > 0:35:40Dog attacks on livestock across the countryside are at a record high.
0:35:40 > 0:35:43A recent study by the National Farmers' Union showed that there
0:35:43 > 0:35:48were more than 700 cases of sheep and cattle-worrying on our farms
0:35:48 > 0:35:53and it's costing the agricultural industry an estimated £1 million.
0:35:53 > 0:35:54Here, dogs.
0:35:55 > 0:35:58'I've had a few incidents in the past on my farm where dogs
0:35:58 > 0:36:02'have chased our sheep, but that's nothing compared to Kevin Harrison.
0:36:02 > 0:36:04'He manages a farm near Bath where
0:36:04 > 0:36:07'dog attacks are a really big problem.'
0:36:07 > 0:36:09INDISTINCT CONVERSATION
0:36:13 > 0:36:15And what sort of things are you seeing?
0:36:15 > 0:36:18Oh, dreadful things. We're seeing sheep with their throats ripped open,
0:36:18 > 0:36:21uh, legs ripped open.
0:36:21 > 0:36:25Um, in worst case scenario, the sheep can abort and slip their lambs,
0:36:25 > 0:36:30because they've got lambs inside them. It's a huge welfare problem
0:36:30 > 0:36:33for the sheep and what I tend to do is catch him...
0:36:33 > 0:36:36We've all got phones these days. I mean, here's some here.
0:36:37 > 0:36:41I mean, this is a video of a sheep. She's had her leg pulled about.
0:36:41 > 0:36:44She's been attacked by a Saluki and, as you can see,
0:36:44 > 0:36:47she's got... They constricted her throat.
0:36:47 > 0:36:49- You can see the blood just below her chin.- Horrible.
0:36:49 > 0:36:52It pulled at the wool and she's really suffering there.
0:36:52 > 0:36:56Two things I always hear are, "My dog won't chase sheep,"
0:36:56 > 0:37:00and then, when you do catch someone's dog chasing the sheep,
0:37:00 > 0:37:02they'll say, "Oh, my dog's never done that before."
0:37:02 > 0:37:04I don't think people realise...
0:37:04 > 0:37:07the potential that their dog has to do harm.
0:37:08 > 0:37:12Even a dog just running loose near sheep can cause a problem.
0:37:15 > 0:37:17But when they attack, it can be so severe
0:37:17 > 0:37:21and relentless that the farmer has no option but to shoot the dog.
0:37:24 > 0:37:27It's legal for farmers to shoot dogs as long as the attacking dog is
0:37:27 > 0:37:30on their land, is clearly worrying livestock
0:37:30 > 0:37:32and there's no sign of the dog's owner.
0:37:32 > 0:37:34Off!
0:37:34 > 0:37:35Off!
0:37:35 > 0:37:36DOG GROWLS
0:37:45 > 0:37:47I'm meeting up with Sergeant Simon Clemett
0:37:47 > 0:37:50from the Gloucestershire Constabulary to find out what
0:37:50 > 0:37:53can be done to deal with nuisance dogs.
0:37:54 > 0:37:56Come on.
0:37:56 > 0:37:58- Hi, good to meet you. - How are you doing? Nice to meet you.
0:37:58 > 0:38:00What you need to think about is...
0:38:00 > 0:38:02is there livestock in the area?
0:38:02 > 0:38:05If there's livestock in the area, you need to put your dog on a lead,
0:38:05 > 0:38:07you need to keep it under close control.
0:38:07 > 0:38:11Close control ordinarily would mean a highly trained dog
0:38:11 > 0:38:15within about a yard of the owner or the person with it.
0:38:15 > 0:38:18Not many people can actually say their dogs can be trusted to
0:38:18 > 0:38:20that level. I certainly can't even with my dog.
0:38:20 > 0:38:22What you also need to think about is
0:38:22 > 0:38:24when you're walking on a public right of way.
0:38:24 > 0:38:29A public right of way across fields is only about 1.7 metres wide,
0:38:29 > 0:38:31it's just enough for two horses to pass, basically.
0:38:31 > 0:38:33That's the rule of thumb.
0:38:33 > 0:38:37Your dog does not have the right to stray off that public right of way.
0:38:37 > 0:38:38It needs to stay on there with you.
0:38:38 > 0:38:41The only way to do that is to keep it on a lead.
0:38:41 > 0:38:44I've got some letters here from all over the country cos this
0:38:44 > 0:38:46seems to be a national problem,
0:38:46 > 0:38:49and there's a farmer here from Wytham who's had problems including
0:38:49 > 0:38:52- sheep being pushed into the River Thames by out of control dogs.- Yeah.
0:38:52 > 0:38:55Another one here from the West Midlands where a dog attack
0:38:55 > 0:38:59left about six badly injured sheep and five dead.
0:38:59 > 0:39:02There's another one here from a guy in Yorkshire who said the police
0:39:02 > 0:39:05aren't doing enough and he's plagued with dogs worrying his sheep.
0:39:05 > 0:39:07Is there any more the police can do?
0:39:07 > 0:39:08Of course there is.
0:39:08 > 0:39:12What we want to do is we want to make sure... Firstly, prevention.
0:39:12 > 0:39:14We've produced these signs,
0:39:14 > 0:39:18um, and these are simply to give to landowners to put
0:39:18 > 0:39:21up in prominent positions where public footpaths cross their land.
0:39:21 > 0:39:24Most dog walkers are decent people, and if we say to them,
0:39:24 > 0:39:27"Look, this is a problem", they will do so something about it.
0:39:27 > 0:39:28So that's the main thing.
0:39:28 > 0:39:33The second thing is, if we get incidents where livestock and...
0:39:33 > 0:39:36We talk about sheep all the time but of course it's cattle,
0:39:36 > 0:39:39horses as well, that's a big problem.
0:39:39 > 0:39:42If we prosecute them then the message will soon go out
0:39:42 > 0:39:44that we are not going to tolerate dogs
0:39:44 > 0:39:46being out of control on our land.
0:39:46 > 0:39:49Enjoy the countryside by all means, but enjoy it responsibly.
0:39:52 > 0:39:56This is obviously a wonderful place to come and walk and enjoy,
0:39:56 > 0:39:58and very tempting to let your dogs
0:39:58 > 0:40:00off the lead so they can stretch their legs.
0:40:00 > 0:40:04But this is a 1,200 acre site and there's lots of sheep here,
0:40:04 > 0:40:07and so, with free-running dogs and livestock,
0:40:07 > 0:40:08there's bound to be conflict.
0:40:11 > 0:40:14Hi.
0:40:14 > 0:40:17- Hiya.- I'm just wondering why you've decided to keep the dog on the lead?
0:40:17 > 0:40:18DOGS GROWL
0:40:18 > 0:40:20Because of that! THEY LAUGH
0:40:20 > 0:40:23Eh, no, there's a lot of livestock and sheep out on the hills,
0:40:23 > 0:40:27so it's obviously the sensible thing just to keep him on the lead.
0:40:27 > 0:40:31And you're aware that dogs can worry the livestock then?
0:40:31 > 0:40:34Yeah, I mean, he's very good, he's been brought up in the country,
0:40:34 > 0:40:35and it's just...
0:40:35 > 0:40:38You know, it's not my land.
0:40:38 > 0:40:40They're farmer's livestock, so why take the chance?
0:40:42 > 0:40:44As I was getting soaked on Cleeve Hill
0:40:44 > 0:40:47near Cheltenham, I happened to bump into a local farmer.
0:40:47 > 0:40:51We're seeing sheep that have been badly mauled
0:40:51 > 0:40:54and, in some cases, killed.
0:40:54 > 0:40:57One just recently, in the last few days,
0:40:57 > 0:40:59badly bitten round the neck.
0:40:59 > 0:41:02I've spoken to people about keeping the dogs together,
0:41:02 > 0:41:06keeping them under control, and if you're not very careful
0:41:06 > 0:41:09you'll get more than a mouthful of abuse.
0:41:09 > 0:41:12So you don't think people are responsive to the advice?
0:41:12 > 0:41:13Not at all.
0:41:15 > 0:41:17- Hello there.- Hey.
0:41:17 > 0:41:20I was just wondering whether you're aware of the increase
0:41:20 > 0:41:23of dogs troubling livestock in public places like this?
0:41:23 > 0:41:25Yeah, I have had heard about it.
0:41:25 > 0:41:29There is signs actually, by the farm where we live, quite aggressive signs
0:41:29 > 0:41:34mentioning that they will shoot any stray dogs near livestock.
0:41:34 > 0:41:36Yeah, so you have to be careful.
0:41:36 > 0:41:38They're best mates now! Enjoy the rest of your day.
0:41:38 > 0:41:40- Thank you.- Come on then, Boo.
0:41:42 > 0:41:43Sit.
0:41:47 > 0:41:49Back on the farm at home I'm catching up with
0:41:49 > 0:41:51a group of dog owners keen to learn how to manage
0:41:51 > 0:41:55and teach their dogs how to behave around livestock.
0:41:55 > 0:41:58Showing them how is dog trainer Keith Fallon.
0:41:58 > 0:42:02Responsibility for training is down to the owner.
0:42:02 > 0:42:06Once you've finished your basic training in the village hall
0:42:06 > 0:42:09or wherever you do it, you've got to carry on
0:42:09 > 0:42:13with that training in an environment that the dog's going to be walked in.
0:42:13 > 0:42:16And so what are you having to do to help them?
0:42:16 > 0:42:18Essentially we're carrying on the training,
0:42:18 > 0:42:22but in a real-life environment, so it'll be in the fields
0:42:22 > 0:42:24and places where the dog is actually going to go wrong.
0:42:26 > 0:42:28And come. Good girl.
0:42:28 > 0:42:33What Keith is getting them to do is, if the dogs are ignoring the sheep
0:42:33 > 0:42:35and behaving themselves, they'll reward them,
0:42:35 > 0:42:38give them a treat, tell them they're good dogs.
0:42:38 > 0:42:41If the dogs are pulling and trying to get to the sheep,
0:42:41 > 0:42:43he's telling them to say, "No" and, "Leave it",
0:42:43 > 0:42:45and taking the dogs away.
0:42:45 > 0:42:48So they learn that it's wrong to be chasing them.
0:42:48 > 0:42:51- SHEEP BAAS - Good girl.
0:42:53 > 0:42:59Leave it. Good girl, leave it. Good girl!
0:42:59 > 0:43:01Coco's being very well-behaved today,
0:43:01 > 0:43:02but you've had problems in the past?
0:43:02 > 0:43:05Yes, I have, she has gone off and chased sheep actually.
0:43:05 > 0:43:07And is that when you decided to seek further lessons?
0:43:07 > 0:43:10In many ways, she was nine-months-old anyway,
0:43:10 > 0:43:12very excitable around livestock,
0:43:12 > 0:43:16so that's when I started consulting Keith and starting to do training.
0:43:16 > 0:43:17And has that helped?
0:43:17 > 0:43:19It has, a lot, she's got a lot more steady,
0:43:19 > 0:43:22we can see today she's more steady, less excitable,
0:43:22 > 0:43:24I still don't trust her 100 percent
0:43:24 > 0:43:26so I put her on the lead if I see sheep anywhere.
0:43:28 > 0:43:31With costs to the farming community running into
0:43:31 > 0:43:34hundreds of thousands of pounds, hopefully courses like this
0:43:34 > 0:43:37and raising awareness could be the answer.
0:43:37 > 0:43:39When a dog attacks livestock it's clearly
0:43:39 > 0:43:41very distressing for all those concerned.
0:43:41 > 0:43:43So the message for dog owners
0:43:43 > 0:43:46when you're out in the countryside and you're around farm animals -
0:43:46 > 0:43:48keep your dogs under close control, and if you're in any doubt,
0:43:48 > 0:43:50put them on the lead.
0:43:50 > 0:43:51Come on then, dogs.
0:43:53 > 0:43:55Here, Dolly.
0:43:55 > 0:43:57SHEEP BAAS
0:43:57 > 0:44:01We're exploring Dorset, classic English countryside.
0:44:02 > 0:44:05Green fields, winding lanes and verdant hedges.
0:44:08 > 0:44:11But suppose I was to tell you that this patch of Dorset has
0:44:11 > 0:44:15taken on a tropical flavour? And that's a clue.
0:44:16 > 0:44:19The Dorset village of Kingston has more in common
0:44:19 > 0:44:22with Kingston, Jamaica than you'd think.
0:44:22 > 0:44:24I'm meeting with a lady who's bringing a little bit
0:44:24 > 0:44:28of the Caribbean right to the heart of the British countryside.
0:44:28 > 0:44:30Cynthia is Jamaican born-and-bred,
0:44:30 > 0:44:33but has run a pub in Dorset for four years.
0:44:33 > 0:44:36When she arrived here she took on the challenge of trying to cook
0:44:36 > 0:44:38the food she was used to back home.
0:44:38 > 0:44:40When you moved here, did you find it hard
0:44:40 > 0:44:42to get the ingredients to make the food you love?
0:44:42 > 0:44:47Sort of, first off, but then I got source from locals -
0:44:47 > 0:44:50spring onions, garlic, peppers, stuff like that.
0:44:50 > 0:44:53- And how does your food go down? People love it?- They love it.
0:44:53 > 0:44:56I've got a great demand for the Jamaican food.
0:44:56 > 0:44:58People just love it. I've got customers
0:44:58 > 0:45:00coming back every year just for the food.
0:45:00 > 0:45:02- Really?- Yeah.
0:45:02 > 0:45:04I'm really looking forward to trying it.
0:45:04 > 0:45:06- I'm really looking forward to cooking some for you!- Good.
0:45:06 > 0:45:09And there's one Caribbean flavour above all others that Cynthia
0:45:09 > 0:45:15loves to cook with, a staple of Jamaican cuisine - jerk seasoning.
0:45:15 > 0:45:19That's what we'll be making today, and I'm gathering the ingredients.
0:45:19 > 0:45:23And as I'm on the coast, how about a little seaside treat?
0:45:23 > 0:45:25Something special for later.
0:45:25 > 0:45:28- Amazing.- OK?- God, that looks incredible.
0:45:28 > 0:45:29Superb, thank you very much.
0:45:31 > 0:45:34Next stop, a few ingredients for the seasoning.
0:45:34 > 0:45:35A little of that local produce.
0:45:35 > 0:45:37MUSIC: "One Love" by Bob Marley
0:45:37 > 0:45:41- Steve Coleman's been supplying Cynthia for two years.- Hi, Ellie.
0:45:41 > 0:45:42- Nice to meet you!- And you.
0:45:42 > 0:45:45- You're working hard here.- Absolutely, yes.- Can I give you a hand?
0:45:45 > 0:45:48Never an end to it. Yes, here's some spring onions for the...
0:45:48 > 0:45:52- Ooh, they look fab, don't they?- ..the old stuff up the pub.
0:45:52 > 0:45:55So how is it you came to meet Cynthia and supply her with all this?
0:45:55 > 0:45:59Well, I've been a regular lunch-goer at the pub for some time now,
0:45:59 > 0:46:01and we could see what she was using and we thought,
0:46:01 > 0:46:04"Hang on a minute, we've got a surplus of some of that stuff,
0:46:04 > 0:46:06"maybe we can come to some arrangement."
0:46:06 > 0:46:07THEY LAUGH
0:46:07 > 0:46:09Bit of trading. Where's your mint then?
0:46:09 > 0:46:12That's around the corner here, that grows wild.
0:46:12 > 0:46:14'I'm after garlic and herbs.'
0:46:18 > 0:46:21Back in her pub in the Dorset Kingston, Cynthia is
0:46:21 > 0:46:25ready for the big mix, and things are just about to get a whole lot hotter.
0:46:25 > 0:46:28There's been a special delivery.
0:46:28 > 0:46:32So, we're going to sort out these lovely Dorset Nagas,
0:46:32 > 0:46:34and chillies we've got for the marinade today,
0:46:34 > 0:46:36one of the main ingredients.
0:46:36 > 0:46:38Wow. I'm keen to see these.
0:46:38 > 0:46:41- So even just to touch them you'd need gloves?- Yes, especially the Nagas.
0:46:41 > 0:46:43'Farmed right here in Dorset,
0:46:43 > 0:46:46'these are one of the hottest chillies in the world.'
0:46:46 > 0:46:48- So how many would you need in your...?- Just the one.- Really?!
0:46:48 > 0:46:51- Just the one!- Wow, they are...
0:46:52 > 0:46:55- So these are the beauty.- Great.
0:46:55 > 0:46:56Not all marinades you get this in,
0:46:56 > 0:46:59this is just my special touch to the marinade.
0:46:59 > 0:47:04- Oh, right, so this is your own recipe?- Yes.- I like it.
0:47:04 > 0:47:06Jerk seasoning is thought to originate from
0:47:06 > 0:47:08mountain communities in Jamaica,
0:47:08 > 0:47:11where spiced meat was smoked to preserve it.
0:47:13 > 0:47:15The fragrant flavour's not just from the hot chillies,
0:47:15 > 0:47:19but from a rich blend of loads of exotic spices.
0:47:19 > 0:47:23And, with Cynthia in charge, a splash of rum.
0:47:28 > 0:47:29Let's have a look.
0:47:31 > 0:47:32Wow!
0:47:33 > 0:47:35Jumps out at you, doesn't it? Hits you on the face.
0:47:35 > 0:47:39- Yeah, it does, hits you on the palate also!- Yeah.
0:47:39 > 0:47:41Fantastic.
0:47:41 > 0:47:44'Just half a teaspoon can take your taste buds to the Caribbean,
0:47:44 > 0:47:46'and potentially blow your socks off.
0:47:48 > 0:47:50'Time for that special treat from the sea.'
0:47:50 > 0:47:51Lobster.
0:47:51 > 0:47:57Added to some of this fantastic, fresh jerk marinade.
0:47:57 > 0:48:00I control the heat by how much I put on, so, being a bit of a wuss,
0:48:00 > 0:48:04I'm just going to put on a little bit like that. Massage it in.
0:48:04 > 0:48:05Fabulous.
0:48:07 > 0:48:11The sunshine is doing its best to transport us to the Caribbean.
0:48:11 > 0:48:13Just one missing ingredient.
0:48:14 > 0:48:17REGGAE MUSIC AND LAUGHTER
0:48:17 > 0:48:19MUSIC: "It Mek" by Desmond Dekker
0:48:34 > 0:48:36Here we go!
0:48:36 > 0:48:38Glass of water for you, just in case.
0:48:38 > 0:48:41You trying to tell me something, Cynthia?!
0:48:41 > 0:48:43- Right, where should I start? - Wherever you want.
0:48:43 > 0:48:45Lobster, this looks amazing.
0:48:45 > 0:48:47Oh, wow, here we go.
0:48:49 > 0:48:52Mm. Wow. Ooh!
0:48:52 > 0:48:53Yes.
0:48:53 > 0:48:54CYNTHIA LAUGHS
0:48:54 > 0:48:58- Now I can feel the heat. Yes.- Whoo! That's really good.
0:48:58 > 0:49:00I don't want to eat by myself, do you want some?
0:49:00 > 0:49:03- Yes, I'll try a little bit, why not?- Really good.
0:49:07 > 0:49:09That really is...
0:49:09 > 0:49:11a hot sauce.
0:49:11 > 0:49:16In a moment I've got a big surprise for Matt, and I really do mean "big."
0:49:16 > 0:49:20But before that, let's find out if the weather is as hot
0:49:20 > 0:49:23as this sauce, in the Countryfile five-day forecast.
0:51:50 > 0:51:57.
0:52:10 > 0:52:13We're in Dorset at the Great Dorset Steam Fair -
0:52:13 > 0:52:15the biggest fair of its kind in the world.
0:52:18 > 0:52:21It's a steamed-up celebration of whistles and wheels,
0:52:21 > 0:52:23power and puffing.
0:52:25 > 0:52:29Now THIS is what you call extreme steam.
0:52:29 > 0:52:32And there's one area of the festival with real pulling power -
0:52:32 > 0:52:35and I'm not just talking about the crowds.
0:52:38 > 0:52:42This is the Heavy Haulage Arena, the place where iron giants
0:52:42 > 0:52:46pull impossible loads, where metal strains and whistles scream.
0:52:48 > 0:52:51So, stop the engines, boys, get up a head of steam -
0:52:51 > 0:52:53we're about to be put to the test.
0:52:55 > 0:53:01And how. Just look at what we're pulling - 60 tons of solid metal.
0:53:01 > 0:53:05We're going to need something pretty special to shift this.
0:53:05 > 0:53:10Meet Old Tim, an old-timer, more than 100 years old.
0:53:10 > 0:53:12He was a real workhorse during the First World War,
0:53:12 > 0:53:14and built to pull everything -
0:53:14 > 0:53:17from bombed-out buildings to broken-down trams.
0:53:20 > 0:53:22It's Dave Allen's pride and joy,
0:53:22 > 0:53:25bought in 1991 when it was on its last legs.
0:53:26 > 0:53:30Worn down, workaday condition.
0:53:30 > 0:53:35It was thoroughly worn-out. It had a lovely charm, I fell in love with it.
0:53:35 > 0:53:37Driving these things was a real art form.
0:53:40 > 0:53:46The engine is really only as good as the driver and fireman,
0:53:46 > 0:53:49so you have this relationship with the engine,
0:53:49 > 0:53:55so that a good driver and fireman will help an old engine along,
0:53:55 > 0:54:00but a poor driver and fireman will bring a good engine down.
0:54:00 > 0:54:01Well, I hope he's not talking about me,
0:54:01 > 0:54:04cos I'm about to take the wheel of Old Tim.
0:54:04 > 0:54:06Here we go, cap on.
0:54:06 > 0:54:08'Keeping an eye on me will be Dave's son, Rob.
0:54:10 > 0:54:14'Just as well, as we're about to haul that 60 tonnes of metal I saw.'
0:54:16 > 0:54:20- Pretty much ready to go, we're right up on pressure.- Are we? OK.
0:54:20 > 0:54:24- I think we'll go for a trundle. - Let's get the seat down and, em...
0:54:24 > 0:54:26Oh, hang on a minute, I'm not used to this.
0:54:29 > 0:54:31- Look at the suspension. - You need that!
0:54:31 > 0:54:32ROB LAUGHS AND WHISTLE TOOTS
0:54:32 > 0:54:35Right, yeah. Toot, toot, toot, we'll toot you back.
0:54:35 > 0:54:37WHISTLE TOOTS
0:54:39 > 0:54:43Onward. Nice and easy. Oh, gosh, you do a lot of turns, don't you?
0:54:43 > 0:54:44Oh, yes.
0:54:45 > 0:54:48DRAMATIC OPERATIC MUSIC
0:54:53 > 0:54:58This massive load can't be pulled by one engine. Two engines won't do it.
0:54:58 > 0:55:01Will Old Tim make the difference?
0:55:06 > 0:55:08We're now going for the big hill!
0:55:11 > 0:55:14Come on, Tim! Get up there, Sonny Jim!
0:55:15 > 0:55:19Oh, listen to that! Come on, dig in!
0:55:23 > 0:55:25OPERATIC MUSIC CONTINUES
0:55:29 > 0:55:32Oh, what a wonderful experience this has been!
0:55:38 > 0:55:40- That was tremendous. - A rush, isn't it?
0:55:40 > 0:55:42MATT LAUGHS
0:55:44 > 0:55:45Right, downhill now.
0:55:50 > 0:55:54- Good. That's it, we're done. - Brilliant, well done.- Thank you.
0:55:54 > 0:55:56- Expertly done.- Cheers!
0:55:58 > 0:56:00Hang on a minute. Who's this?
0:56:05 > 0:56:08Here she is, she loves to make an entrance.
0:56:13 > 0:56:19- That is class. That is hilarious! - It's a bit noisy, give me a second!
0:56:19 > 0:56:20MATT LAUGHS
0:56:21 > 0:56:26That actually really suits you. Look at the cage and everything.
0:56:26 > 0:56:28- Mine's bigger than yours. - Have you got a horn?
0:56:28 > 0:56:31No horn in here, I'll have to go like this, "Honk, honk!"
0:56:31 > 0:56:34Let me just give you a blast of this one.
0:56:34 > 0:56:35WHISTLE TOOTS
0:56:35 > 0:56:38- See? You need one of them. - We're a good double-act, aren't we?
0:56:40 > 0:56:43Honestly, do you feel a little bit stupid in that here?
0:56:43 > 0:56:46- Maybe, but I've got to get home in this, so I'm delighted.- Oh, really?
0:56:46 > 0:56:48- Yeah.- Good, well, have a safe journey.
0:56:48 > 0:56:50Watch the cars on the way out.
0:56:50 > 0:56:52Anyway, that's all we've got time for this week.
0:56:52 > 0:56:54Next week we're going to be in Devon,
0:56:54 > 0:56:55where I'm going to be helping to
0:56:55 > 0:56:57reshape the forests of the future.
0:56:57 > 0:56:58What about you?
0:56:58 > 0:57:00I'm going to be walking in the footsteps of one
0:57:00 > 0:57:03of the most famous warhorses - we'll see you then.
0:57:03 > 0:57:05Yeah, if I'm going to Devon in this...
0:57:05 > 0:57:09Think we'd better leave now, Robert, otherwise we'll never get there.
0:57:09 > 0:57:11Anyway, like I said, just be careful with the cars, yeah?
0:57:11 > 0:57:12SHE LAUGHS
0:57:12 > 0:57:13See you.
0:57:39 > 0:57:42Subtitles by Red Bee Media Ltd