:00:33. > :00:40.This is Tyne Wear, a proud landscape with a rich history.
:00:41. > :00:49.'There is a surprising amount of green space.'
:00:50. > :00:57.'There is stunning secret coastline.'
:00:58. > :01:00.The light at the end of the tunnel. There we are.
:01:01. > :01:05.Also tonight, Tom will have the first part of a special report
:01:06. > :01:13.Are these dramatic scenes we have witnessed across the UK
:01:14. > :01:20.or likely to be the shape of things to come?
:01:21. > :01:23.'And Adam is looking at Suffolk's county breeds.'
:01:24. > :02:42.A land stitched together through the seams of its coal,
:02:43. > :02:50.mined for generations to power the region's shipyards and steelworks.
:02:51. > :02:54.This steep hill is actually man-made.
:02:55. > :03:00.It's a massive pile of waste, spoil from the pursuit of coal
:03:01. > :03:06.and what was once one of the largest working coal mines in the world.
:03:07. > :03:18.The pit closed more than 40 years ago and, in that time,
:03:19. > :03:27.Today, this former pit is a country park,
:03:28. > :04:04.What do you remember about life down there, Danny?
:04:05. > :04:07.Well, it was very dangerous, I suppose,
:04:08. > :04:13.you take it in your stride, you know.
:04:14. > :04:15.As the air travels through the workings,
:04:16. > :04:22.and people would be looking for the fitter
:04:23. > :04:25.and they didn't realise it was me because I would be in short pants,
:04:26. > :04:29.no shirt and just a pair of boots and that, you know,
:04:30. > :04:31.because it used to get that hot. It was so hot down there?
:04:32. > :04:38.So it can be very tricky, but, at times, good fun.
:04:39. > :04:43.By the time the Rising Sun closed in 1969,
:04:44. > :04:46.Tyneside had already lost most of its collieries.
:04:47. > :04:52.in the coffin of the North East's coal industry.
:04:53. > :04:56.What do you feel when you stand here now?
:04:57. > :05:08.so I get a bit sad on that system, like.
:05:09. > :05:15.It is, it's beautiful, I mean, even that view there.
:05:16. > :05:23.Today, the Rising Sun Country Park is one of the best places
:05:24. > :05:26.for wildfowl and wading birds on Tyneside,
:05:27. > :05:31.acres and acres of wetland making the perfect habitat for breeding.
:05:32. > :05:37.have flooded huge areas of the park and that's a problem.
:05:38. > :05:40.I mean, look at this, Matt, it's turned into a swamp. Goodness me!
:05:41. > :05:43.Is this unprecedented? Have you seen anything like this before?
:05:44. > :05:47.we've got members of the public that walk round here
:05:48. > :05:49.who have loved you for 40 years and they've said this is...
:05:50. > :05:52.they've seen nothing like this before. Right.
:05:53. > :05:59.'He is concerned the high water levels may affect breeding.'
:06:00. > :06:02.And a worry, then, as far as nesting birds are concerned, for you?
:06:03. > :06:05.Yeah, I mean, the water levels have got a lot deeper,
:06:06. > :06:07.so the types of birds that would live on here,
:06:08. > :06:10.it might be too deep for them to feed.
:06:11. > :06:14.I mean, also, we've got two nesting islands that are permanent ones,
:06:15. > :06:17.the black-headed gulls and Arctic terns nest on them,
:06:18. > :06:27.and they are under water now, non-existent.
:06:28. > :06:30.Now, of course, the torrential rain that we've been experiencing
:06:31. > :06:32.over the last few months has led to the flooding
:06:33. > :06:34.of thousands of homes and businesses,
:06:35. > :06:39.something that we're going to have to get used in the future?
:06:40. > :06:53.In the last decade, records for the amount of rain falling
:06:54. > :07:05.on our hills, fields and homes have been broken over and over again.
:07:06. > :07:14.People have been flooded out of their homes and businesses,
:07:15. > :07:18.from Aberdeen to York, from Belfast to Bangor,
:07:19. > :07:29.in the wettest December for a century.
:07:30. > :07:36.but early last December, it was wetter than ever.
:07:37. > :07:41.In one 24-hour period, more than a month's worth of rain fell
:07:42. > :07:44.and in that opening weekend of December,
:07:45. > :07:48.14 billion litres of water came into this reservoir
:07:49. > :07:55.and most of it went off down the River Derwent.
:07:56. > :07:58.All that, together with water from the rest of the catchment area,
:07:59. > :08:03.passed through here - the ancient market town of Cockermouth,
:08:04. > :08:09.built where the River Cocker joins the Derwent.
:08:10. > :08:14.Hi. Morning. You must be Sue.
:08:15. > :08:20.'Sue Cashmore lives not far from the river in Cockermouth.'
:08:21. > :08:23.Well, I'm greeted by that post-flood buzz I hear everywhere.
:08:24. > :08:25.This is the sound of Christmas, you know,
:08:26. > :08:28.because we always flood just before Christmas and this is the sound.
:08:29. > :08:31.Any chance you can just knock it off now? We can, there you go.
:08:32. > :08:33.I bet that's a relief, isn't it? It is, it's lovely!
:08:34. > :08:39.So, tell me, what was it like on the day as the waters came?
:08:40. > :08:41.We knew there was a potential for flood,
:08:42. > :08:43.but I didn't actually get a call till three o'clock
:08:44. > :08:48.and by that time, we saw the water heading down the road at us
:08:49. > :08:52.because it comes really quite fast, it moves at about 35mph to 40mph
:08:53. > :08:59.I think, within seconds, there was four feet of water in this house.
:09:00. > :09:01.The electricity went off, so I was stood there in the dark,
:09:02. > :09:05.with water coming in, so I had no choice but to grab the dog
:09:06. > :09:06.and ran upstairs and we were trapped.
:09:07. > :09:15.'Sue can't get insurance because she's been flooded before,
:09:16. > :09:18.'so unlike many people, she stayed in her home
:09:19. > :09:22.That is a hell of a depth. It's incredible to think, isn't it?
:09:23. > :09:26.Seven weeks ago, this house was full of water.
:09:27. > :09:29.And how did you feel about this, bearing in mind, of course,
:09:30. > :09:34.No, this is the fourth time, in this house, that this has flooded.
:09:35. > :09:36.We honestly thought we were going to be OK,
:09:37. > :09:37.we didn't think we would flood again.
:09:38. > :09:39.The fact that we flooded again makes you think,
:09:40. > :09:47.Some, of course, would argue that it always HAS happened.
:09:48. > :09:51.The first recorded flood in Cockermouth was back in 1761.
:09:52. > :09:54.Since then, like many places across the UK,
:09:55. > :10:00.often in clusters, with long gaps in between.
:10:01. > :10:04.So, is the exceptional rainfall and widespread flooding
:10:05. > :10:07.we've seen in recent years just part of a natural cycle
:10:08. > :10:18.'To help me answer that question, I'm meeting BBC weather forecaster
:10:19. > :10:21.'and friend of Countryfile John Hammond.'
:10:22. > :10:26.Welcome to my open air, rather wobbly, 3-D weather studio.
:10:27. > :10:29.Well, those BBC economies are really beginning to bite!
:10:30. > :10:34.So, how does this help us understand what happened this winter?
:10:35. > :10:38.One factor we think which was behind this event, this winter,
:10:39. > :10:41.was actually El Nino at the other side of the world,
:10:42. > :10:45.We know that that heating actually affects
:10:46. > :10:50.The jet stream meanders around the northern hemisphere,
:10:51. > :10:53.and it was those winds which brought up
:10:54. > :10:56.a lot of warm, moist air from the tropics
:10:57. > :10:59.and headed in our direction along this atmospheric river,
:11:00. > :11:01.generating a lot of cloud up through the Irish Sea
:11:02. > :11:04.and, as it hit the high ground, here in Cumbria,
:11:05. > :11:07.that air was forced to rise and if you lift moist air,
:11:08. > :11:11.it condenses and it cools and it produces colossal amounts of rain,
:11:12. > :11:14.over a metre of rain this December in parts of Cumbria.
:11:15. > :11:16.So, with climate change, are we likely to see
:11:17. > :11:22.and a challenge for climate scientists, but certainly we think
:11:23. > :11:25.that with a warmer planet, warm air can hold more moisture.
:11:26. > :11:27.In fact, if you raise the temperature by one degree,
:11:28. > :11:32.so these atmospheric rivers coming up towards us
:11:33. > :11:38.and these extreme winter rainfall events are likely, we think,
:11:39. > :11:41.with a warmer planet, to become more extreme.
:11:42. > :11:44.'But this kind of extreme weather is often described as
:11:45. > :11:51.'a 1-in-100-year event, so how come we're seeing it so regularly?'
:11:52. > :12:00.Statistically, you'd expect the six to come up every six throws,
:12:01. > :12:02.but it doesn't. It's a bit like the weather.
:12:03. > :12:05.You know, a 1-in-100-year event is a long-term average.
:12:06. > :12:09.The reality is that these events can crop up in quick succession
:12:10. > :12:15.What we do think is that with a warmer world, in a sense,
:12:16. > :12:21.those more extreme events happening more often.
:12:22. > :12:25.So, could these more-frequent flooding events be the new normal?
:12:26. > :12:27.That's the challenge for climate scientists.
:12:28. > :12:30.We think, with a warmer climate, the odds are shortening,
:12:31. > :12:32.but we don't know what they are shortening to yet
:12:33. > :12:36.So, it could become more often than 1 in 100,
:12:37. > :12:38.but we don't know what the new figure is?
:12:39. > :12:42.Yes, one in what? That's the challenge.
:12:43. > :12:45.'So, in a world of chaotic and unpredictable weather,
:12:46. > :12:47.'planning a strategy for flood prevention
:12:48. > :12:52.Having to base our policies on odds and guesswork
:12:53. > :12:57.may sound a little bit like gambling with people's homes,
:12:58. > :13:00.so what should we do to prepare ourselves
:13:01. > :13:20.our traditional defences are up to the job.
:13:21. > :13:23.ELLIE: 'I'm exploring the coastline near Sunderland,
:13:24. > :13:27.'at the mouth of the mighty River Wear.
:13:28. > :13:31.'Said to have been the shipbuilding capital of the world,
:13:32. > :13:38.'one of the busiest industrial ports in the country.'
:13:39. > :13:44.ships navigating these waters have been safely guided
:13:45. > :13:47.by one of the North East's most elegant landmarks -
:13:48. > :14:07.protecting the harbour entrance and guiding ships safely into port.
:14:08. > :14:11.But a century of battering from the North Sea takes its toll,
:14:12. > :14:14.and three years ago, Sunderland Council decided
:14:15. > :14:22.that this grand old lady needed a bit of TLC.
:14:23. > :14:26.and the lighthouse fell into disrepair.
:14:27. > :14:31.The interior was badly damaged by salt water.
:14:32. > :14:37.And the lamp house had corroded to the point of collapse.
:14:38. > :14:41.But three years on, the restoration is almost complete.
:14:42. > :14:45.'Ian Smithwhite has been managing the project.'
:14:46. > :14:49.There's only a few little bits left to do.
:14:50. > :14:50.The granite is looking really fantastic,
:14:51. > :14:53.you've got the fantastic alternating coloured bands of red
:14:54. > :14:56.and grey Aberdeen granite, that's been repointed,
:14:57. > :15:00.and we have a brand-new lantern and a brand-new foghorn,
:15:01. > :15:02.offering the safety to the port that it's always had
:15:03. > :15:08.The pier and lighthouse were designed and built
:15:09. > :15:15.One of his innovations was a giant crane nicknamed Goliath,
:15:16. > :15:19.used to lay the immense concrete blocks which make up
:15:20. > :15:21.the three quarters of a mile long pier.
:15:22. > :15:29.'And beneath its newly restored surface lies a secret.'
:15:30. > :15:32.Matthew! Hello! What are you doing down there? I'm waiting for you!
:15:33. > :15:36.Can I come in? Certainly can. All right.
:15:37. > :15:47.'This hidden tunnel stretches all the way to the lighthouse.'
:15:48. > :15:54.'Matthew Storey has been working on its restoration.'
:15:55. > :16:02.So, the tunnel was built into the pier to house these
:16:03. > :16:04.gas and water pipes that you can see.
:16:05. > :16:08.Once the pier had been built, the tunnel was then used
:16:09. > :16:12.by the lighthouse keeper to access the lighthouse in bad weather.
:16:13. > :16:20.it was just used a couple of weeks ago to get two men off the pier.
:16:21. > :16:23.What are the plans for the tunnel now?
:16:24. > :16:26.So, the idea is that we'll build a new entrance structure,
:16:27. > :16:28.so it's a bit easier to access from the shore side.
:16:29. > :16:31.And we'll be opening it up to the public
:16:32. > :16:34.and running guided tours through the tunnel and the lighthouse.
:16:35. > :16:43.At last! Here we are. I can taste fresh air from somewhere!
:16:44. > :16:47.Oh, yeah. The light at the end of the tunnel! Here we are.
:16:48. > :16:50.I'm pleased to see this. What's this, then?
:16:51. > :16:53.So, here we are in the basement of the lighthouse.
:16:54. > :16:55.And just up there is the lighthouse itself.
:16:56. > :17:04.There's only one way up, then! OK. Give you that...
:17:05. > :17:07.You need to be fit to be a lighthouse keeper!
:17:08. > :17:13.'All the main structural work has now been done.
:17:14. > :17:15.'Day-to-day upkeep of the lighthouse is the job
:17:16. > :17:17.'of the Roker Heritage Volunteer Group.
:17:18. > :17:23.Wow, this is looking amazing! What are you doing?
:17:24. > :17:25.I'm just carrying on an old tradition.
:17:26. > :17:29.My grandfather was the lighthouse keeper, he was here for a good
:17:30. > :17:33.many years, certainly, when we were children, this was our playground.
:17:34. > :17:36.We used to come down here in school holidays and one of our jobs
:17:37. > :17:40.was cleaning the windows and also polishing the handrails.
:17:41. > :17:43.So, you'll know your way around this place, you can show me around?
:17:44. > :17:45.Yes, yes. Shall we wander up? We'll polish as we go, shall we?
:17:46. > :17:55.This is my favourite room, it was the day room.
:17:56. > :17:59.We had a little desk here, the binoculars, telescope,
:18:00. > :18:03.we used to look out of the window, looking at the ships going by.
:18:04. > :18:05.All the gadgets on the day. That's right.
:18:06. > :18:09.Yes, the next floor, the next rooms do get smaller
:18:10. > :18:19.and the stairs get narrower as you wander up. OK.
:18:20. > :18:24.They've left it as it is here, just to show what it was originally like.
:18:25. > :18:27.And it shows what a battle there still is with the water,
:18:28. > :18:29.inside and out. That's right. Yes, the condensation.
:18:30. > :18:37.Shall we go on through? You follow me up to the next level.
:18:38. > :18:41.This is what it's all about! The light. Yes, this is the new light.
:18:42. > :18:43.It's a bit underwhelming in size, isn't it?
:18:44. > :18:46.It's certainly not as impressive as the original light used to be.
:18:47. > :18:50.When it was originally opened, the lights were the brightest
:18:51. > :18:54.in the world and had a distance of about 15 or so miles out to sea.
:18:55. > :18:57.Wow, that's impressive. Really magnificent. Incredible.
:18:58. > :19:00.But then, you get something like this now, which is really small...
:19:01. > :19:03.Does the job. ..and does exactly the same!
:19:04. > :19:06.It must mean quite a lot to you to be involved in this project.
:19:07. > :19:15.I can see we've got something to look forward to in the future.
:19:16. > :19:18.Roker Lighthouse was a beacon of safety for nearly a century.
:19:19. > :19:21.Now restored, its guiding light will keep
:19:22. > :19:31.Now, here is a welcome reminder of warmer days.
:19:32. > :19:37.Last summer, we asked some well-known faces, from athletes...
:19:38. > :19:40.Oh, it's quite refreshing after a while!
:19:41. > :19:57...what part of our magnificent countryside was special to them.
:19:58. > :20:00.This week, we take to the mountains on the Isle of Skye
:20:01. > :20:10.MUSIC: Over The Hills And Far Away by Led Zeppelin
:20:11. > :20:21.to climb all of the Munros in Scotland.
:20:22. > :20:31.And the Munros are mountains above 3,000 feet, of which there are 282.
:20:32. > :20:35.I don't know why people who tick off mountains are known as baggers,
:20:36. > :20:55.Well, I'm not going to argue with it.
:20:56. > :21:03.for getting me into Munro bagging specifically,
:21:04. > :21:10.who I was familiar with from the quite edgy music programme The Tube,
:21:11. > :21:14.but I then saw hosting a show called The Munro Show,
:21:15. > :21:23."You're supposed to be interviewing Morrissey."
:21:24. > :21:26.And then I remember, many, many years later,
:21:27. > :21:30.with my now wife, then girlfriend, driving through the Peak District
:21:31. > :21:35.and thinking, we need to go hill walking again.
:21:36. > :21:38.and as I remembered there's these things, the Munros,
:21:39. > :21:41.that you can tick off, and, being quite a nerdy sort,
:21:42. > :21:44.having that target, straightaway that was it,
:21:45. > :21:48.I knew what I wanted to do and that was any chance I could get, I was
:21:49. > :22:00.going to steal myself off up to Scotland and become a Munro bagger.
:22:01. > :22:02.I have had days where it's just been torrential rain
:22:03. > :22:05.and just mist, and you never see anything
:22:06. > :22:08.and it's just a joyless trudge up a steep
:22:09. > :22:11.and featureless hill to get to the top, and not see anything
:22:12. > :22:16.and walk straight back down and get back in the car.
:22:17. > :22:18.but tick off a mountain that you hadn't done before.
:22:19. > :22:22.And you'd go, what was the point of that?
:22:23. > :22:26.I don't know what the point of that is.
:22:27. > :22:29.I feel sometimes that the whole concept of Munro bagging
:22:30. > :22:33.is a cruel trick that the Scottish are playing on tourists,
:22:34. > :22:34.because 3,000 feet, the minimum height
:22:35. > :22:40.coincidentally seems to be the very height
:22:41. > :22:48.that Scottish cloud tends to just sit.
:22:49. > :22:55.because this is the home of the Cuillin Ridge, which is
:22:56. > :23:01.a chain of 11 Munros that represent the most extensive
:23:02. > :23:05.mountaineering challenge that the UK has.
:23:06. > :23:09.And in the middle of the Cuillin Ridge is Sgurr Dearg,
:23:10. > :23:12.also known as the Inaccessible Pinnacle, which is
:23:13. > :23:16.unique among all the Munros in that it's the only one that you
:23:17. > :23:22.need to rock climb, you need ropes to actually get to the top of it.
:23:23. > :23:29.So, it looms large in my mind as the one I'm worried about, basically.
:23:30. > :23:32.Because even though I love mountains,
:23:33. > :23:58.I'm not actually very good with heights.
:23:59. > :24:19.Er, it's a lot bigger than I've had it described, and, er,
:24:20. > :24:22.a little bit more frightening than I was expecting.
:24:23. > :24:27.I'm feeling a certain level of trepidation about the climb.
:24:28. > :24:30.I don't want to say frightened or scared,
:24:31. > :24:34.because that would make me sound like a coward. We're ready to go.
:24:35. > :26:15.If I touch you, does that count? Well done, Ed.
:26:16. > :26:17.Thanks for your help, Martin, appreciated!
:26:18. > :26:21.Pretty wild conditions. They were... Yeah.
:26:22. > :26:26.it was unpleasant for a good 60% of it, I think.
:26:27. > :26:36.that's certainly the most hard-fought Munro I've bagged.
:26:37. > :26:49.Another 206 to go! It's all plain sailing from here.
:26:50. > :26:56.Well, as exhilarating and exciting as that was, I am glad it's over.
:26:57. > :27:00.Er, there should be a little bit of self-discovery in every journey,
:27:01. > :27:05.and the main self-discovery from today is,
:27:06. > :27:09.I'm a hill walker, I'm not a rock climber or a mountaineer,
:27:10. > :27:13.I'm a hill walker and I'm glad that the rock climbing part
:27:14. > :27:18.of my Munro adventure is now done.
:27:19. > :27:27.Right, where did I leave me rucksack?
:27:28. > :27:31.Now, earlier we heard how we should expect more of the unexpected
:27:32. > :27:36.But if that's the case, can we continue to
:27:37. > :27:39.rely on traditional flood defences for protection?
:27:40. > :27:57.Floodwater as far as the eye can see.
:27:58. > :28:01.And predictions this might happen much more frequently in the future.
:28:02. > :28:05.This is the life for many across the UK this winter,
:28:06. > :28:09.especially in Cumbria, and not for the first time.
:28:10. > :28:13.Here in Cockermouth, they've suffered frequent floods,
:28:14. > :28:16.and the response, like elsewhere in the country, has been
:28:17. > :28:23.to build bigger, supposedly better defences.
:28:24. > :28:28.there have been three major flood defence schemes
:28:29. > :28:32.built in Cockermouth, each one upgrading and adding to the last.
:28:33. > :28:36.There are now walls, gates, glass panels, waterproof windows,
:28:37. > :28:40.and in pride of place, a state-of-the-art,
:28:41. > :28:44.self-raising barrier, the first of its kind in the UK.
:28:45. > :28:51.which had proved inadequate in the floods of 2009.
:28:52. > :28:56.Last December, the new defence faced its stiffest test.
:28:57. > :29:00.This self-raising barrier that I'm walking on came up to almost
:29:01. > :29:06.and actually prevented these houses immediately behind from flooding.
:29:07. > :29:10.But the water itself carried on down the river
:29:11. > :29:15.and those just downstream weren't so lucky.
:29:16. > :29:20.Sue Cashmore is giving me a tour of Cockermouth defences.
:29:21. > :29:22.And so what worked and what didn't here?
:29:23. > :29:25.I think all the defences worked to an extent.
:29:26. > :29:32.and less shops got hit and less houses on this side of the river.
:29:33. > :29:38.It gave us more time, maybe, and we haven't lost the town
:29:39. > :29:41.as much as we did in 2009, so we can't say that they failed.
:29:42. > :29:46.Did you think those new defences were going to do their job
:29:47. > :29:52.I don't think any of us thought we would get hit as badly
:29:53. > :29:58.Throughout November, the defences were tested several times
:29:59. > :30:02.and everybody kind of breathed a little sigh of relief thinking
:30:03. > :30:05.we were going to be OK, so I think that was more traumatising
:30:06. > :30:09.for people, because we didn't think we'd ever flood or see this again.
:30:10. > :30:12.But are there some places where you think more engineering
:30:13. > :30:13.could make a difference? Yeah, I think
:30:14. > :30:17.it definitely showed some weaknesses in the defences that they built.
:30:18. > :30:21.What do you think is the future for Cockermouth and places like it?
:30:22. > :30:22.I think it's quite worrying, actually.
:30:23. > :30:25.I think it's had a big impact on our economy again.
:30:26. > :30:30.A lot of the shops are closed, and that is what our economy
:30:31. > :30:34.is about, so that means that this town could die. Really?
:30:35. > :30:39.If we don't change things, we could lose this town.
:30:40. > :30:42.The government claims that this winter, one million properties
:30:43. > :30:45.that were at risk of flooding were protected,
:30:46. > :30:49.and that in the end, only 15,000 were flooded.
:30:50. > :30:52.Not only that, it says defensive measures allowed the victims
:30:53. > :30:55.more time to prepare or evacuate safely.
:30:56. > :30:59.Even so, we've seen flooding in cities like York, Leeds
:31:00. > :31:02.and Carlisle, and in numerous smaller towns
:31:03. > :31:07.and villages across the whole of the UK.
:31:08. > :31:12.All that despite spending more than ?3 billion on flood defences
:31:13. > :31:19.since 2005 in England alone, and it's estimated that by 2035,
:31:20. > :31:23.we could be spending ?1 billion a year
:31:24. > :31:30.So, given the problem is likely to get worse, not better,
:31:31. > :31:33.can we continue to defend ourselves town by town
:31:34. > :31:36.with more and more physical barriers?
:31:37. > :31:41.'I'm meeting Alison Baptiste from the Environment Agency to find out.'
:31:42. > :31:43.So, this is the river under the bridge that got
:31:44. > :31:47.It did, yeah, and you only have to look here, to the debris
:31:48. > :31:50.in the trees, as to see how high this river came up,
:31:51. > :31:54.you know, five times higher than it normally does.
:31:55. > :31:59.In places like Cockermouth, is the solution to build bigger,
:32:00. > :32:05.Well, whenever we look at trying to reduce flooding in communities,
:32:06. > :32:08.there's a technical basis about physically
:32:09. > :32:11.whether you can do it technically, but there's also the community and
:32:12. > :32:15.what it means for the culture of the community and the atmosphere there.
:32:16. > :32:18.In order to defend from the sort of levels that you see that
:32:19. > :32:22.we had here, there would be such significant defences here,
:32:23. > :32:25.it would just destroy the character of the town.
:32:26. > :32:29.if we are going to protect places like this,
:32:30. > :32:34.people have to maybe accept perhaps bigger, uglier defences.
:32:35. > :32:37.I've just walked down the high street in Cockermouth,
:32:38. > :32:39.and to see probably half the businesses back up and running,
:32:40. > :32:43.it's been really good to see that so quickly after the floods,
:32:44. > :32:47.so there is an element of understanding the environment
:32:48. > :32:49.that you live in, and whether you stop the flooding
:32:50. > :32:52.if you can or whether you make yourselves resilient to it,
:32:53. > :32:57.so what we're looking at is a whole range of... Really a fresh look.
:32:58. > :33:01."Are the climate change assumptions right, are the modelling,
:33:02. > :33:04."the approach that we take to that, is the investment right?
:33:05. > :33:07."Our critical infrastructure, are we protecting that well enough?",
:33:08. > :33:11.and so that national review will look at, what can we do better
:33:12. > :33:17.so that we can better protect this country?
:33:18. > :33:21.Better protection of our country is of course what everyone wants.
:33:22. > :33:23.But in the face of more extreme weather,
:33:24. > :33:26.that's going to be a major challenge.
:33:27. > :33:29.With one in six properties already at risk of flooding
:33:30. > :33:35.it's perhaps not surprising that the authorities believe
:33:36. > :33:40.we can't rely on man-made flood barriers to keep us dry.
:33:41. > :33:43.Next week, I'll be looking at controversial proposals
:33:44. > :33:55.to use our natural landscape as a flood defence.
:33:56. > :34:00.Today, I'm in the Rising Sun Country Park on North Tyneside.
:34:01. > :34:04.It was once a coal mine, but this 400-acre site has been transformed
:34:05. > :34:16.into an oasis of green - a phoenix rising from the industrial past.
:34:17. > :34:21.The minute the pit closed in 1969, land reclamation began.
:34:22. > :34:26.By the mid '70s, 29,000 tress had been planted.
:34:27. > :34:29.But more than six decades of mining took a heavy toll.
:34:30. > :34:38.these trees are struggling to reach their full height.
:34:39. > :34:42.I mean, all the tress you see here were planted all at the same time.
:34:43. > :34:45.This Swedish whitebeam, a non-native species.
:34:46. > :34:49.As you can see, the diameter of it, it's hardly grown at all.
:34:50. > :34:52.Not what you'd expect from a tree in its forties.
:34:53. > :34:54.Chris, the park's land officer, is showing me
:34:55. > :34:58.So, we've got a bit of a casualty here,
:34:59. > :35:01.Chris, of the north-east winds, but it's exposed the soil
:35:02. > :35:05.to get a good view of what's going on underneath. Yeah.
:35:06. > :35:07.I mean, as you can see, really poor soil.
:35:08. > :35:10.Got a bit of brick there, bit of metal there that's surfaced.
:35:11. > :35:15.Things keep just popping up every now and again. Right.
:35:16. > :35:19.The site was originally planted with hardy North American trees,
:35:20. > :35:25.The kind of trees that could cope with poor growing conditions.
:35:26. > :35:32.For native trees to have a chance, the soil quality needs to improve.
:35:33. > :35:35.With the soil itself, are you just hoping that time's going to be
:35:36. > :35:38.your friend and it will just improve with age? Yeah.
:35:39. > :35:43.we're going to get all the likes of pine needles, leaves.
:35:44. > :35:46.As you can see, everything's starting to rot down. Yes.
:35:47. > :35:49.It's looking really good for the future.
:35:50. > :35:52.The soil quality is slowly improving,
:35:53. > :35:56.but Chris and his team of volunteers are giving nature a helping hand.
:35:57. > :36:04.Fallen trees are chipped and left to decompose on the woodland floor.
:36:05. > :36:06.That's it. At the top, yeah? Yeah, that's it, perfect.
:36:07. > :36:13.'Logs are piled up to create a habitat for creepy crawlies,
:36:14. > :36:23.It's just turned into a five-star home, this one.
:36:24. > :36:27.brings with it some very particular problems.
:36:28. > :36:30.You've got a lot of people living around the outskirts of this wood.
:36:31. > :36:33.Do you find that people come here and help themselves to firewood?
:36:34. > :36:38.Yeah. The wood definitely disappears. Fairies come and get it.
:36:39. > :36:42.We need to put this wire on, cos if we just left this as it is,
:36:43. > :36:44.it'll not be there in a few weeks' time,
:36:45. > :36:47.it'll be moved about by people, so we'll wire it all up
:36:48. > :36:52.and then it will be there for years to come for the wildlife to live in.
:36:53. > :36:56.but they don't realise that it is quite a precious habitat,
:36:57. > :37:00.this, so they just come and, you know, help themselves...
:37:01. > :37:03...just not knowing, really. Not knowing. There could be
:37:04. > :37:06.a bird's nest in there if it's the spring, wrens and... Yeah.
:37:07. > :37:08...robins like to get in places like that. Mm-hm.
:37:09. > :37:11.As you can see from the rest of the wood, it's quite bare,
:37:12. > :37:13.so that's perfect nesting opportunity for something.
:37:14. > :37:36.Over the centuries, our native breeds have adapted to survive.
:37:37. > :37:51.these diverse landscapes have helped define the animals that live here.
:37:52. > :37:55.And every county has its own specific breeds.
:37:56. > :38:05.Adam's in Suffolk finding out some of the region's livestock.
:38:06. > :38:10.This is the proud birthplace of many wonderful breeds...
:38:11. > :38:14...and each has its own story to tell.
:38:15. > :38:17.I'm starting with the magnificent Suffolk Punch.
:38:18. > :38:23.These horses worked and shaped this rural landscape
:38:24. > :38:26.But now, they need all the help they can get.
:38:27. > :38:30.'Nigel Oakley from Chedburgh in Suffolk
:38:31. > :38:33.'provides a safe haven for these horses.'
:38:34. > :38:36.Nigel, hi! Good to see you again. Yeah, and you.
:38:37. > :38:40.He's lovely, isn't he? He's a delight, yeah. He's a lovely animal.
:38:41. > :38:43.A good example of a Suffolk Horse, in my opinion.
:38:44. > :38:47.And how many have you got now? We've got 16 on the farm.
:38:48. > :38:51.I've had Suffolk horses the best part of 40 years,
:38:52. > :39:02.but that's the colour for a Suffolk horse.
:39:03. > :39:05.It's a really beautiful colour, isn't it? Lovely colour. Lovely.
:39:06. > :39:07.I like my ginger on a horse. You're bound to say that!
:39:08. > :39:11.And the feather, the hair on the feet that the shire has,
:39:12. > :39:14.the Suffolk's quite clean, isn't it? No, it was bred purposely for that.
:39:15. > :39:16.That's a very relevant point, actually,
:39:17. > :39:19.because a lot of Suffolk is boulder clay, heavy clays,
:39:20. > :39:22.and obviously, if you're ploughing all day,
:39:23. > :39:25.you've got yourself a job at the end of the day washing all that out.
:39:26. > :39:30.So, these were bred with less feather in the fetlock joint.
:39:31. > :39:33.They're incredibly rare now, though, aren't they?
:39:34. > :39:36.Unfortunately on category one of the Rare Breeds... Critically rare.
:39:37. > :39:44.There are only something like about 500 registered Suffolk horses.
:39:45. > :39:46.How many foals were registered last year?
:39:47. > :39:52.The Suffolk Horse Society monitors the breed.
:39:53. > :39:56.Obviously, the economic climate has meant that some of the supporters
:39:57. > :40:03.so let's hope people give the society a little bit of an uplift.
:40:04. > :40:06.These horses shape the countryside, really,
:40:07. > :40:10.and they are the living heritage of Suffolk, and if we want
:40:11. > :40:13.our grandchildren to have the privilege of doing what we're doing
:40:14. > :40:26.then we must ensure it's here for perpetuity. Yeah.
:40:27. > :40:28.'Using a traditional Suffolk harness,
:40:29. > :40:32.'we pair an experienced horse with a novice for a spot of training,
:40:33. > :40:36.'and I've been given the reins of these magnificent beasts.'
:40:37. > :40:39.Walk on, then, boys. Walk on. Walk on.
:40:40. > :40:48.What sort of weight would they pull, then, Nigel?
:40:49. > :40:51.Well, each of those horses weigh almost a tonne,
:40:52. > :40:55.and on wheels they can pull 2.5 times their own weight.
:40:56. > :40:58.So these two would pull, what, five tonne between them? Yeah, on wheels.
:40:59. > :41:02.If you were delivering beer with a brewery dray, you could put
:41:03. > :41:05.five tonne of beer on, and I have done on lots of occasions.
:41:06. > :41:09.Walk on, then. And it is right that a man could plough an acre in a day?
:41:10. > :41:15.if you get up early and have no real friends to get home to.
:41:16. > :41:24.And to plough an acre, you'd walk 11 miles. Goodness me!
:41:25. > :41:29.Nigel's passion for Suffolk breeds goes far beyond this mighty horse.
:41:30. > :41:33.The Suffolk sheep has been in existence since the late 1700s,
:41:34. > :41:36.but has a very different story to that of the Suffolk Punch.
:41:37. > :41:50.I mean, the horse became rare for obvious reasons.
:41:51. > :41:52.The tractor automation took over, so...
:41:53. > :41:59.But the Suffolk sheep, that was a success from the word go.
:42:00. > :42:02.They bred a sheep with a wonderful carcass to it.
:42:03. > :42:08.It produces good, strong lambs, good mother, good milking sheep,
:42:09. > :42:14.so it's there and it is now still a very, very commercial breed.
:42:15. > :42:16.And what other breeds are there in Suffolk?
:42:17. > :42:19.There's what's known as the Suffolk Trinity, that's the Suffolk horse,
:42:20. > :42:23.the sheep that we're now looking at, and the Red Poll cattle.
:42:24. > :42:25.So, tell me about Red Poll cattle. What are they like?
:42:26. > :42:29.They were, up to the 1950s, quite a commercial breed in East Anglia,
:42:30. > :42:33.but obviously, the Continentals came in, which were double-muscled,
:42:34. > :42:37.and so on. But now, the Red Poll has seen a resurgence
:42:38. > :42:43.Anything else in the county? Yeah, we've got a Large Black pig.
:42:44. > :42:49.Well, so's ice cream, but we make that here as well.
:42:50. > :42:54.But the thing with... From what I gather, Devon and Cornwall
:42:55. > :42:59.had the Large Black pig, which became extinct, and now Suffolk
:43:00. > :43:07.and East Anglia in general has got the Large Black,
:43:08. > :43:12.Because of their black hair on the body, we moved over to a white pig,
:43:13. > :43:15.didn't we, so they didn't have the black hair on the crackling.
:43:16. > :43:20.You know, that was not just the Large Black but sort of the Oxford
:43:21. > :43:23.and Sandy and... Gloucestershire Old Spots. Yeah, the Orchard Pig,
:43:24. > :43:26.as they used to call it. Yeah. It's just a fashion, I think,
:43:27. > :43:30.to be truthful, cos... You know, if you swallow a white hair
:43:31. > :43:32.or a black hair, does it really matter?
:43:33. > :43:33.NIGEL LAUGHS Exactly.
:43:34. > :43:36.How come Suffolk's got so many of these great breeds?
:43:37. > :43:39.Well, it's known because it's God's County.
:43:40. > :43:42.That's what they say in Yorkshire and Cornwall.
:43:43. > :43:44.Yeah, but unfortunately, they're mistaken.
:43:45. > :43:53.They're wrong, though. No, Suffolk is definitely God's County. Yeah.
:43:54. > :43:56.But there's one more county breed I must see.
:43:57. > :43:58.It originated from the village of Ixworth
:43:59. > :44:03.and is appropriately named the Ixworth chicken.
:44:04. > :44:09.is dedicated to protecting this county breed.
:44:10. > :44:12.Hi, Katie. Hello, Adam. My word, lovely to meet you.
:44:13. > :44:14.What a fantastic-looking Ixworth. Thank you.
:44:15. > :44:19.He was created by a Reginald Appleyard.
:44:20. > :44:21.He was aiming to create a dual-purpose bird
:44:22. > :44:25.so one bird to do all the jobs that you need a chicken to do.
:44:26. > :44:29.That's the name of a duck, isn't it, so is that another Suffolk breed?
:44:30. > :44:33.Yes, it is. He also created a duck pretty much for meat and eggs
:44:34. > :44:37.so he was aiming again to create that one bird for all purposes.
:44:38. > :44:40.And so was it successful, then, the Ixworth?
:44:41. > :44:42.Well, I think at the time that he was creating it,
:44:43. > :44:48.Although it maintained its popularity in the war years,
:44:49. > :44:52.after the war, unfortunately, these guys just fell out of favour.
:44:53. > :44:54.So we went for the specialised egg-laying bird
:44:55. > :44:56.and the broiler, the meat-producing chicken... Yeah.
:44:57. > :44:59...and these dual-purpose birds were no longer needed?
:45:00. > :45:04.they nearly dropped off the face of the earth, really,
:45:05. > :45:07.and, without some really loyal breeders,
:45:08. > :45:13.So I make that six Suffolk county breeds. That's pretty impressive.
:45:14. > :45:15.I don't think many counties can claim that.
:45:16. > :45:18.No, they can't, and that's why I'm quite proud to be Suffolk
:45:19. > :45:20.and have all these wonderful breeds. Well done, you.
:45:21. > :45:29.Thanks for letting me visit. All the best. Bye-bye. Bye.
:45:30. > :45:34.England's spectacular north-east coast, where sheer limestone cliffs
:45:35. > :45:38.plunge into the steely waters of the North Sea.
:45:39. > :45:41.Six miles south of Sunderland in County Durham
:45:42. > :45:49.lies the small coastal town of Seaham.
:45:50. > :45:53.These days it's hard to imagine that Seaham's beaches were once black
:45:54. > :46:00.with the slag and slurry of colliery waste.
:46:01. > :46:05.A century's worth of spoil from the area's coal mines had taken its toll
:46:06. > :46:12.When the last mine closed in 1992, the clean-up began,
:46:13. > :46:17.and now no trace of coal waste remains.
:46:18. > :46:20.There's one legacy of Seaham's industrial past that's become
:46:21. > :46:24.highly prized, and it's been washing up on the beaches here
:46:25. > :46:35.A true treasure. Jewels borne on the tide.
:46:36. > :46:39.Glass that's been sculpted and smoothed by the restless sea.
:46:40. > :46:42.Little fragments are found on beaches all over the world,
:46:43. > :46:46.but Seaham is one of the very best places to find it.
:46:47. > :46:53.It's all thanks to the town's Victorian past.
:46:54. > :46:57.producing 20,000 bottles a day at its peak.
:46:58. > :47:00.Any broken glass was just dumped into the sea
:47:01. > :47:07.to be washed up a century later as sea glass.
:47:08. > :47:13.but people come from all over the world to look for it,
:47:14. > :47:20.and today I'm going to join in with the treasure hunt.
:47:21. > :47:23.'Sea glass has helped one man change his life completely.
:47:24. > :47:26.'Gavin Hardy is a lifelong collector
:47:27. > :47:29.'who's turned his passion into a profitable jewellery business.'
:47:30. > :47:35.You're finding some already, I see. Yeah.
:47:36. > :47:36.When's the best time of year to be looking
:47:37. > :47:40.Probably now is the best time to look,
:47:41. > :47:44.when the tides are strong and the wind's strong as well.
:47:45. > :47:48.I was made redundant from a job a couple of years ago.
:47:49. > :47:53.obviously just kind of coming down and looking for glass.
:47:54. > :47:57.What was the appeal? What makes you keep coming back?
:47:58. > :48:01.I think the excitement of finding a different piece. There's one.
:48:02. > :48:08.I think kind of the thrill of finding different pieces like this,
:48:09. > :48:11.something that we can actually use in our jewellery
:48:12. > :48:17.So pieces like that for you are the real sort of collector's items?
:48:18. > :48:21.The colourful stuff that isn't the green and the whites? Yeah. Ah.
:48:22. > :48:23.Those are the pieces that are most desirable.
:48:24. > :48:26.Shall we split up and then come back together and share treasures,
:48:27. > :48:48.It is incredibly addictive, this business.
:48:49. > :48:52.'We're not the only ones beachcombing today.'
:48:53. > :48:55.Hiya. Hi. I want to have a look at your treasures,
:48:56. > :48:59.What have you got? That's a different one there.
:49:00. > :49:02.Yeah, it's just like bits of wire, like safety glass.
:49:03. > :49:04.What do you do with it when you take it home?
:49:05. > :49:08.We've just got, like, a jar. My daughter likes to collect it.
:49:09. > :49:10.If you can get a piece with colour in... It's rare to find those.
:49:11. > :49:13.Proper treasure. Yeah, indeed. Well, I'll leave you do it.
:49:14. > :49:18.Thank you. Hope you find some more interesting pieces. See you later.
:49:19. > :49:22.'Well, I'm happy with my finds, but how's Gavin got on?'
:49:23. > :49:27.A few nice pieces. Ooh, very blue in tone.
:49:28. > :49:29.These are my best bits of the morning.
:49:30. > :49:31.I've got a two-tone green there... That's nice.
:49:32. > :49:33...and I've got these two blue shark's teeth there, look.
:49:34. > :49:35.Yeah, those are the pieces that people are after.
:49:36. > :49:38.The brighter coloured ones are the best ones to find.
:49:39. > :49:41.It's quite a good haul. Is there something we could do with these?
:49:42. > :49:43.Yeah, I think we could make a few pieces. Excellent.
:49:44. > :49:49.Shall we go back to the workshop? Yeah, let's go. All right.
:49:50. > :49:52.'Gavin uses all the coloured gems he can find
:49:53. > :50:07.'He's going to show me how to transform my beach bounty
:50:08. > :50:39.Drill in the other. Hold it quite firm. Press down a bit?
:50:40. > :51:17.That's fine. So I'll give myself a mark for the other side? Yeah.
:51:18. > :51:20.If you're heading out on the hunt for treasure this week,
:51:21. > :51:23.you'll want to know what the weather will be doing.
:51:24. > :52:11.for strong wind and potential travel disruption and impact through the
:52:12. > :52:14.day, wind across land areas could hit 60 mph, further south around 80
:52:15. > :52:22.mph. High seas and hit 60 mph, further south around 80
:52:23. > :52:27.Cornwall and the Isles of Scilly. Away from the waves and the strong
:52:28. > :52:32.wind, heavy and thundery showers with sunshine in between. Contrast
:52:33. > :52:37.to the other half of the country, wind picking up across Northern
:52:38. > :52:40.Ireland and England to bring 40 mph gusts and some sunshine at times but
:52:41. > :52:44.the best of Monday gusts and some sunshine at times but
:52:45. > :52:49.Scotland with one or two showers but plenty of dry and sunny weather
:52:50. > :52:54.after a frosty start. Feeling even colder in the south with those
:52:55. > :52:59.potentially damaging winds. Winds will slowly ease down through Monday
:53:00. > :53:02.night into Tuesday so feeding and plenty showers initially but they
:53:03. > :53:07.will be confined across parts of northern England and Wales and
:53:08. > :53:09.south-west Scotland. Temperatures dropping below freezing and
:53:10. > :53:17.widespread frost into Tuesday morning. On Tuesday, the coldest air
:53:18. > :53:21.behind this weather front will work southwards through the day winning
:53:22. > :53:25.at mix of rain and sleet and hill snow and we could see some
:53:26. > :53:31.wintriness over higher ground. Still some gusty wind along the weather
:53:32. > :53:36.front and touching gale force at times. Sunny for a time across the
:53:37. > :53:39.North as temperatures drop. 5 degrees for many in the afternoon
:53:40. > :53:46.and that colder air will eventually go southwards as it clears the South
:53:47. > :53:50.coast into Wednesday morning. A little ridge of high pressure
:53:51. > :53:54.building infra-red Friday with the odd weather front for the south-west
:53:55. > :53:59.producing cloud and rain and some gusty wind for the North and East of
:54:00. > :54:07.Scotland and north-east England. For many, after a cold and icy start, it
:54:08. > :54:12.should be a dry day. Wednesday into Thursday, low systems push across
:54:13. > :54:17.France and for Thursday it will be largely dry but there will be old
:54:18. > :54:20.weather front 's tangling with the benign conditions producing the odd
:54:21. > :54:25.shower and if you brakes on the cloud and sunshine but overall it
:54:26. > :54:30.generally cool day. Into Friday, the jet stream pushes further north but
:54:31. > :54:34.it is half-hearted, it does not really get to the UK but it pushes
:54:35. > :54:39.blood pressure towards us which does not make inroads far north and will
:54:40. > :54:43.swing southwards and eastwards into the near continent but that means
:54:44. > :54:49.the northern half of the UK, bearing in mind this could change, but to
:54:50. > :54:52.the north it looks like Scotland and Northern Ireland will have cold
:54:53. > :54:55.easterly wind through the day, dryer and brighter conditions and
:54:56. > :54:57.outbreaks of rain further south and always that but Wilder and that
:54:58. > :55:10.process both Today we've been round
:55:11. > :55:14.and about in Tyne and Wear. Whilst Ellie has been
:55:15. > :55:18.exploring the coastline, I've been on North Tyneside taking a
:55:19. > :55:22.look at the Rising Sun Country Park, a former coal mine that's been
:55:23. > :55:26.transformed into a green haven At the edge of the park
:55:27. > :55:37.sits a mixed farm and it takes a special kind of
:55:38. > :55:46.person to make a go of farming Now, then, Matt. How we doing, Matt?
:55:47. > :55:49.Good to see you. Nice to see you. And you too. Everything all right?
:55:50. > :55:52.Yeah, fine, yeah. Good lad. 'was just 22
:55:53. > :55:59.when he took on this challenge.' So where did this passion of yours
:56:00. > :56:02.come from, cos you're not from a farming
:56:03. > :56:05.family, are you, Matt? No, I'm not. I'm not quite sure,
:56:06. > :56:07.to be honest, Matt. When did you first ever
:56:08. > :56:11.experience a farm? First time I did a bit of shooting
:56:12. > :56:14.with my grandfather, which I thoroughly enjoyed
:56:15. > :56:16.and then got quite into that and realised the countryside was
:56:17. > :56:20.the place I wanted to be in. It was a very enjoyable job from
:56:21. > :56:23.what I could see from the outside, so I decided I'd go and get some
:56:24. > :56:28.experience, so that's what I did. 'It's taken a lot of hard work,
:56:29. > :56:31.but, in just two years, 'Matt has started turning
:56:32. > :56:34.a profit from farming It looks like you're producing some
:56:35. > :56:41.wonderful stock, it really does. What is it like to farm,
:56:42. > :56:44.in general, this landscape? The whole site's 400 acres in the
:56:45. > :56:49.middle of Newcastle effectively, so it hasn't been put back
:56:50. > :56:55.the best it could have been, so it is a lot wetter,
:56:56. > :56:58.a lot muddier. We've just got to be
:56:59. > :57:00.a lot more careful. I think we have
:57:01. > :57:02.a lower stocking weight, and also we're on the urban fringe,
:57:03. > :57:05.so it's great to have so many people come on to the farm,
:57:06. > :57:09.as long as they use it responsibly. 'The farm does a lot
:57:10. > :57:12.for the local community, 'giving adults with learning
:57:13. > :57:15.disabilities and college students 'the chance to learn
:57:16. > :57:17.more about farming, 'and a bit of extra help
:57:18. > :57:21.always comes in handy.' Right,
:57:22. > :57:22.so you don't have a sheepdog, but you've got some college
:57:23. > :57:25.students over here? Yeah. Our sole purpose to be here
:57:26. > :57:34.is for the community, to provide an outlet
:57:35. > :57:37.for people to come... Yeah. ..enjoy the environment,
:57:38. > :57:40.enjoy farming and food. Yeah, we're building
:57:41. > :57:43.the stock numbers up. And the flock of sheep we're just
:57:44. > :57:46.putting into the polytunnel here now then, they're going to come in
:57:47. > :57:49.in preparation for lambing? We'll give them a little bit of feed
:57:50. > :57:54.while they're in, and, hopefully, we should be lambing
:57:55. > :57:57.the first batch 1st April. Let's hope we can get them in
:57:58. > :58:00.first time. That's when all the college students
:58:01. > :58:03.come in handy. Yeah, hopefully. Come on, get the arms waving.
:58:04. > :58:09.Get the old arms waving. There we are, Matt. Too easy, that.
:58:10. > :58:19.Yeah, something like that. I'll shut this door,
:58:20. > :58:22.keep the students out. Well, that's all we've got time for
:58:23. > :58:29.from Tyne and Wear. Next week we're going to be
:58:30. > :58:31.in Norfolk, where I'll be with the next generation of gamekeepers
:58:32. > :58:35.as they're put through their paces. And I'll be hoping to catch
:58:36. > :58:37.a glimpse of one of our most spectacular and faithful birds,
:58:38. > :59:11.so I hope you can join us then. There's something I have to do,
:59:12. > :59:15.something terrible.