Episode 17

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:00:25. > :00:28.Hello, and a very warm welcome to Landward, exploring the great

:00:28. > :00:32.Scottish countryside to find the stories that matter to the people

:00:32. > :00:34.who live, work and play here. In a moment, I'll be looking at what the

:00:34. > :00:40.future might hold for hard-pressed dairy farmers. But first, here's

:00:40. > :00:44.what else in coming up on the programme. # If I had a boat, I'd

:00:44. > :00:49.sail it on the ocean... #. Euan begins a musical journey

:00:49. > :00:56.down the River Spey. We meet one of only two fully qualified female

:00:56. > :00:57.farriers in the country. A lot of hard work. A huge

:00:57. > :01:00.understanding of anatomy and physiology and biomechanics,

:01:00. > :01:08.because that's really what you're looking at, is how you can improve

:01:08. > :01:13.how a horse is going. And we meet the foodies of Wester Ross fighting

:01:13. > :01:16.to protect their natural larder. I've got a bit of a bee in my

:01:16. > :01:22.bonnet about bringing back the three-mile limit, which for some

:01:22. > :01:25.reason was lifted by the Tories in I think the 1980s.

:01:25. > :01:27.This summer, milk hit the headlines. Farmers blockaded processors and

:01:27. > :01:31.demonstrated outside supermarkets at proposed price cuts. Now, those

:01:31. > :01:35.cuts were cancelled, and in some cases the prices went up. But with

:01:35. > :01:45.that in mind, is there a way for farmers to take more control over

:01:45. > :01:48.

:01:48. > :01:52.the market for their milk? I've been investigating. In Britain, the

:01:52. > :01:54.average yield of milk per cow per year is over 7000 litres, much

:01:54. > :01:58.higher than the European average. Typically, our dairy farms are

:01:59. > :02:02.pretty efficient. But despite this, and recent price rises, many

:02:02. > :02:09.farmers say they still can't turn a profit, especially with feed costs

:02:10. > :02:12.escalating all the time. At a recent meeting in England, the

:02:12. > :02:15.Secretary of State for the Enivornment, Food and Rural Affairs,

:02:15. > :02:21.Owen Paterson, suggested that the way forward was to find ways of

:02:21. > :02:24.adding value to milk, by making more dairy products.

:02:25. > :02:28.50% of our milk goes towards liquid milk for drinking, which is much

:02:28. > :02:31.higher in the UK than it is in most other countries, for example our

:02:31. > :02:40.liquid milk consumption is about twice of that in Italy, whereas

:02:40. > :02:44.they eat about twice as much cheese that we do. If you think about it,

:02:44. > :02:47.it's the breakfast we have, putting milk on our cereal, for example.

:02:47. > :02:50.you think adding value is key to the future of the industry in this

:02:50. > :02:56.country? Absolutely. If we're in a commodity market then it's very

:02:56. > :02:59.difficult to increase the price of that. If we get into added value

:02:59. > :03:03.products, not just the specialist cheeses, but milk powder and other

:03:03. > :03:06.aspects, that's the way for us to be able to raise the whole of the

:03:06. > :03:16.industry and at the same time have our sales of liquid milk, which our

:03:16. > :03:21.

:03:21. > :03:23.consumers in the UK want us to produce.

:03:23. > :03:26.So, is there potential for exporting more value added dairy

:03:26. > :03:28.produce? Scottish Development International, the public body that

:03:28. > :03:36.promotes international trade in Scotland, has researched exactly

:03:36. > :03:39.this. In the report we looked at the

:03:39. > :03:42.Irish dairy model, the Irish Dairy Board has been around for 50 years,

:03:42. > :03:48.it's a cooperative, and investing in growing the brand from Ireland,

:03:48. > :03:51.they've created a 2 billion euro industry. So I think there's

:03:51. > :03:56.aspirations for Scotland to perhaps get close to that, but we've got a

:03:56. > :03:59.bit of work to do before we get there. And I think the opportunity

:03:59. > :04:01.for us in working with industry, is to try and show them the

:04:01. > :04:04.opportunities overseas for very niche value-add products, because

:04:04. > :04:13.that's really where there are potentially the large opportunities

:04:13. > :04:16.for Scottish producers. Exporting and value-adding could

:04:16. > :04:18.bring more money into the industry, but would the profits go to the

:04:18. > :04:21.farmers or the processors? Negotiating as individuals, farmers

:04:21. > :04:24.have little chance of negotiating the price they are paid, but as the

:04:24. > :04:34.protests over the summer showed, by standing together, the y can have

:04:34. > :04:37.

:04:37. > :04:40.more power. Last year, the European Union introduced new rules which

:04:40. > :04:42.meant farmers could get together to create what is called a producers's

:04:42. > :04:45.organisation, which could give them more control over what happens to

:04:45. > :04:52.their milk. Our producers's organisation is a collective body,

:04:53. > :04:55.it is a collective organisation which represents farmers.

:04:55. > :05:00.producers's organisation would negotiate on behalf of farmers and

:05:00. > :05:02.critically, it has the legal right to negotiate on behalf of farmers.

:05:02. > :05:04.How much collaboration currently goes on and should more happen

:05:04. > :05:14.among Scottish dairy farmers? More collaboration should definitely

:05:14. > :05:24.happen. Not only within Scotland, but across the UK. There are many

:05:24. > :05:27.

:05:27. > :05:30.ways farmers can collaborate. They can join an existing co-op, they

:05:30. > :05:33.may join a producers's organisation. The key thing is that we stand

:05:33. > :05:35.together and send out a single message. At the beginning of

:05:35. > :05:38.October, a voluntary code of conduct governing the relationship

:05:38. > :05:40.between milk producers and buyers was approved. It should make milk

:05:41. > :05:48.contracts fairer for farmers, but the work to develop media markets

:05:48. > :05:51.and products continues in an effort to make industry more profitable. -

:05:51. > :05:57.- new dairy markets. And we'll keep you up to date with developments in

:05:57. > :05:59.the milk industry. Now, next year is the Year of Natural Scotland,

:05:59. > :06:02.which aims to highlight the country's rich wildlife and

:06:02. > :06:05.habitats. Over the year, BBC Scotland will show you a series of

:06:05. > :06:09.programmes dedicated to getting up close to nature. But if you want to

:06:09. > :06:12.see wildlife for yourself, the best way to get started is to join a

:06:12. > :06:22.ranger-led trip, which is what Sarah will be doing over the next

:06:22. > :06:29.

:06:29. > :06:34.As the temperature changes and the seasons tier, the skies are live

:06:34. > :06:38.with migrating birds. According to the RSPB, some 7,000 birds arrive

:06:38. > :06:43.in the UK each year and one of the best places to witness the full

:06:43. > :06:53.drama of mass migration is here at Montrose Basin. You just have to

:06:53. > :06:55.

:06:55. > :07:00.get up very early to do so. A very good morning to you. Where

:07:00. > :07:06.we going to go off to? The will go round the side of the basin and see

:07:06. > :07:12.if we can see some geese. Will we be up this early? It just about.

:07:12. > :07:22.You can hear them, can't you? D think they can hear us? Act it is

:07:22. > :07:23.

:07:23. > :07:28.possible. -- do you think? It is now 6:30am and the geese are

:07:28. > :07:33.getting ready to fly off. The conditions are ideal, cold and

:07:33. > :07:37.crisp. All we have to do now is wait. When the light starts to come

:07:37. > :07:46.you can just started see the outline of the East. It does look

:07:46. > :07:53.like there is a lot of them? Around 60,000 geese. They have come from

:07:53. > :07:57.their breeding grounds in Iceland and west of Greenland. It gets

:07:57. > :08:01.about louder when they started take-off. The first thing you will

:08:01. > :08:04.notice is the noise. Montrose Basin is a good site for them, they are

:08:04. > :08:09.safe from predators during the night and that is what attracts

:08:09. > :08:18.them to the area. It is their first stop off from their breeding

:08:19. > :08:24.grounds as they travel further down Great Britain.

:08:24. > :08:34.The sun is shining and it is now nearly 8:00am and. They are not

:08:34. > :08:40.

:08:40. > :08:45.performing for Russ! Someone has not all be geese that the sun is up.

:08:45. > :08:51.They are not really keeping to the flight scheduling? You're saying

:08:51. > :08:59.that I could have stayed in my bed for a couple of hours? I am pretty

:08:59. > :09:09.much saying that, yes! The spot we were in was beautiful. You can get

:09:09. > :09:12.a great view. This is the east side of the loch. The tide has pushed

:09:12. > :09:19.the East further over here and now you can see that they are just

:09:19. > :09:29.going. Amazing, wicket that. What I find incredible is the sound, the

:09:29. > :09:39.

:09:39. > :09:46.That is incredible. I don't think I've ever experienced anything like

:09:46. > :09:51.that before. It is something else. That is why do my job. Worth the

:09:51. > :09:55.wait? It is worth the wait. It was worth their early morning. They

:09:55. > :09:59.stay in Scotland until April but they might not stay at the Basin

:09:59. > :10:03.for that entire time in the might move further down their country.

:10:03. > :10:07.But at the moment they seem happy with the amount of food they have

:10:07. > :10:11.here, so until that runs out they will stay. There are various

:10:11. > :10:21.wildlife centres dotted throughout Scotland, so you as well could

:10:21. > :10:31.enjoy the mass migration. Get out there and enjoy.

:10:31. > :10:33.

:10:33. > :10:37.Still to come, we visit Wester Ross. And we meet the woman that has

:10:37. > :10:47.broken into the craft industry that for generations was the preserve of

:10:47. > :10:54.

:10:54. > :10:56.men. How often do you bring ourselves? You get used to it.

:10:56. > :11:00.Canoeing and music are two hobbies that don't really lend themselves

:11:00. > :11:03.to being done at the same time. But one group of enthusiasts have

:11:03. > :11:06.managed to combine both of their passions by creating the River Boat

:11:06. > :11:16.Band. The band have been on tour this Autumn, travelling down the

:11:16. > :11:16.

:11:16. > :11:24.River Spey. Euan joined them as a roadie, or should that be "watery"?

:11:24. > :11:34.Once fought Mesic was folk music, but how about adventure folk? --

:11:34. > :11:40.

:11:40. > :11:45.folk music was folk music. Over the next three weeks there will be

:11:45. > :11:53.joining the band on their 65 mile journey down the river by Kinnock

:11:53. > :11:57.and taking all away. -- and playing music all the way. Every day there

:11:57. > :12:02.is a bit of adventure and every night there is a bit of music. The

:12:02. > :12:06.two feed each other. When you tour whether normal band you dread

:12:06. > :12:11.getting in there than the next morning, but with this what you are

:12:11. > :12:21.happy to get into the canoe. Things have taken a bit of a bizarre turn

:12:21. > :12:23.

:12:23. > :12:28.because some horses have turned up. Why the horses? We do at Sheen as a

:12:28. > :12:33.joke, and we say, if you have a pony bring a pony down tomorrow and

:12:33. > :12:43.we will try to get it on the boat - - we do a song as a joke about a

:12:43. > :12:44.

:12:44. > :12:54.pony. The horses did not fancy getting into the canoe, but they

:12:54. > :12:54.

:12:54. > :13:52.Apology for the loss of subtitles for 58 seconds

:13:52. > :14:00.were treated to a special version We are just about half we own and

:14:00. > :14:10.it is absolutely terrific. -- halfway down. It is early. You

:14:10. > :14:11.

:14:11. > :14:18.listen to music as you drift down. Why would you do this?

:14:18. > :14:25.It is a huge double we're getting around. -- a beautiful way. We're

:14:25. > :14:31.usually sat in a van. Not the most inspiring place to be. Saw, such a

:14:31. > :14:39.treat to be outdoors on our way to again.

:14:39. > :14:44.This is an extra special trap for two of the members.

:14:44. > :14:54.We got engaged last May and this is part of our honeymoon after we

:14:54. > :15:08.

:15:08. > :15:18.There we are. A fantastic day's canoeing. Now for the get. -- deg.

:15:18. > :15:46.

:15:46. > :15:53.That is the band on their last number. We have an early start

:15:53. > :16:03.tomorrow morning. Saw, to bed early. Next week, disaster strikes as the

:16:03. > :16:11.

:16:11. > :16:19.If you have a comment about anything on the programme, or a

:16:19. > :16:25.story to share with us, please e- mail us. The weather here is dry,

:16:25. > :16:35.sunny, windy. But what about the prospects for this weekend and

:16:35. > :16:36.

:16:36. > :16:41.Good evening. After a miserable week of whether there is plenty of

:16:41. > :16:48.rain around -- with plenty of rain around, it now looks pretty good

:16:48. > :16:55.for the weekend. This high pressure is building and the showers are

:16:55. > :16:59.confined to Orkney and Shetland. As we head to the morning towards

:16:59. > :17:05.Saturday afternoon it should brighten up. We should see some

:17:05. > :17:14.sunshine developing. By mid- afternoon, temperatures of well,

:17:14. > :17:21.maybe 13 Celsius. Some very light ray Mackie and there. -- some very

:17:21. > :17:30.light showers. The north-west Highlands, dry and bright. If you

:17:30. > :17:35.are out and about, hell walking or climbing, it is generally set fair.

:17:35. > :17:43.Winds are generally light and coming from the south-west. But

:17:43. > :17:48.eastern Cairngorms, whence freshening through the afternoon.

:17:48. > :17:58.If you are out and about on the inshore waters of the south-west,

:17:58. > :18:02.

:18:02. > :18:07.forced three supply. -- suddenly. Moderate visibility. Sunny spells

:18:07. > :18:13.through the afternoon. Across the Shetland Isles, and north easterly

:18:13. > :18:23.force five. Rest of the afternoon into the evening and overnight,

:18:23. > :18:25.

:18:25. > :18:33.cloudy with Mr developing. -- mist and fog. Into one's Sunday, the

:18:33. > :18:42.high pressure stays with us. Some rain could French end to Lewis and

:18:42. > :18:52.Harris. More and the way of sunny spells. Next week, after I start

:18:52. > :18:59.for Monday. -- a dry start. But a weather front across England and

:18:59. > :19:04.Wales is coming our way. Monday, sunshine around, cloudy more for by

:19:04. > :19:08.the end of the day. Winds are generally light. Tuesday, the

:19:08. > :19:14.weather continues marching its way northwards and feeds in a mild

:19:14. > :19:20.moist air from the Continent. But nothing like the rain we saw this

:19:20. > :19:29.week. The best of the conditions are across the north-west and later

:19:29. > :19:39.on through the south. By Wednesday it is an East/West slipped. --

:19:39. > :19:41.

:19:41. > :19:46.Wester Ross has some of the finest seafood in the world just of its

:19:46. > :19:51.showers. Langoustine, lobster, scallops, all are used to be in

:19:51. > :19:55.plentiful supply. But the removal of the fishing limit has put

:19:55. > :20:03.serious pressure on stocks. Now some passionate foodies are

:20:03. > :20:11.fighting to make sure that the local larder does not run out.

:20:11. > :20:17.Wester Ross is a region of wild terrain and a rugged mountains. A

:20:17. > :20:20.few fishing villages are dotted along many miles of coastline.

:20:21. > :20:29.Stretching from Ullapool in the North Down to Glenelg these ritual

:20:29. > :20:35.water support a huge range of life and a valuable fishing grounds. But

:20:35. > :20:39.a whole history of fishing here is a story of boom-and-bust. The

:20:39. > :20:46.herring stocks collapsed in the 1970s. Mackerel intern dwindled and

:20:46. > :20:52.made way for prawns. The lesson that has to be learned is

:20:52. > :21:00.sustainable management and avoiding all for fishing into decline. --

:21:00. > :21:03.overfishing. One local champion is the 15th. It seems remarkably

:21:03. > :21:09.obvious that there would be sea food available here but how did you

:21:09. > :21:13.get started? I live in a pike fishing port and

:21:13. > :21:18.the 1970s and could never understand why people could never

:21:18. > :21:24.get Fash. It was always in the back of my mind. I moved here and there

:21:24. > :21:29.was a lot of shellfish available. I opened a disuse filling station

:21:29. > :21:35.Office before I had the guts to open this! That was in 1990, 20

:21:35. > :21:43.years ago. I always wanted to do shellfish. I thought, If I am not

:21:43. > :21:50.going to do sea food, I don't want to do it, basically.

:21:50. > :21:54.The stock is so local it just about swims in the front door. But at the

:21:54. > :21:57.moment there are concerns about conservation. There are calls for

:21:57. > :22:05.the reintroduction of the three- mile limit which would prevent

:22:05. > :22:11.trawlers fishing close to the land. This is a tank, which is great. We

:22:11. > :22:16.keep lobsters. We can keep the shellfish are fresh. These prawns

:22:16. > :22:19.come in this morning. Prawn fisheries around a bad state right

:22:19. > :22:26.now. I have a pee in my bonnet about bringing back the three-mile

:22:26. > :22:31.limit which for some reason was lifted by the Tories in the 1980s.

:22:31. > :22:38.That one act of legislation could make an act difference. You could

:22:38. > :22:44.fish up to the three-mile limit. That could be a good start. Not an

:22:44. > :22:49.end in itself but a huge benefit. This business emerged from not

:22:49. > :22:52.being able to buy local produce in and area where it is world class.

:22:52. > :22:57.How the fisheries are managed will have a profound effect on

:22:57. > :23:04.availability in the years to come. For businesses like this, that is

:23:05. > :23:10.For centuries, the skill of shoeing horses was generally carried out by

:23:10. > :23:15.men. Perhaps due to the back- breaking nature of the work. But

:23:15. > :23:25.now more and more females are getting in on that. We went to meet

:23:25. > :23:26.

:23:26. > :23:32.one of the highest qualified female The work of a farrier is an ancient

:23:32. > :23:36.craft. Here in Britain, they are governed by a body formed way back

:23:36. > :23:46.in the year when 2,500 and Gertie six, the Worshipful Company of

:23:46. > :23:51.

:23:51. > :23:55.farriers. -- formed end of the year 1536. Today it takes a four yorker

:23:55. > :23:59.apprenticeship before you can sit the Diploma examinations. -- four

:24:00. > :24:06.years. Then you can think about walking towards becoming an

:24:06. > :24:12.associate member. In the 650 years of the company, lonely three

:24:12. > :24:22.females have achieved that status. The latest as Seder. She is based

:24:22. > :24:22.

:24:22. > :24:27.near Inverness. -- the latest as Sailor.

:24:27. > :24:33.You are really looking at how you can improve how horses go off.

:24:33. > :24:39.Correct problems and ultimately get the best possible out of them. For

:24:39. > :24:43.this guy at is letting him compete as well as he can. But out with the

:24:44. > :24:49.norm, the ability to make the shoes to do the job you want, that takes

:24:50. > :24:57.it a step up half. You have to be able to talk in the language of sex

:24:57. > :25:03.and work together. -- the language of veterinarians. I have been

:25:03. > :25:09.qualified six years. I have spent a lot of time going up and down the

:25:09. > :25:15.country. I have sport to people have specialised in particular

:25:15. > :25:25.areas and basically annoyed them to learn from them.

:25:25. > :25:25.

:25:25. > :25:31.How often do you burn yourself? Not really often. Unless something

:25:31. > :25:36.takes a beachside them denser than the wrong place. You get used to it.

:25:36. > :25:45.My fingertips are pretty much resistance to the seat to be

:25:45. > :25:54.honest! -- to this heat. Next on today's last, this livery

:25:54. > :26:01.yard. We're going to shoot this horse.

:26:01. > :26:09.She is quite athletic. -- shoe. To help her recover quite a bit of

:26:09. > :26:13.steel on the outside which acts as a stabiliser. It helps her to move

:26:13. > :26:19.better. The owner has reported back that it really helps her move

:26:19. > :26:23.better and they added support is working for her. I meet these shoes

:26:23. > :26:28.at home because it is a lot easier than using the gas at the back of

:26:28. > :26:33.the van. This is where the specialist

:26:33. > :26:39.knowledge of an associate member comes into play. You needed to know

:26:39. > :26:49.the horse top-to-toe. Yes, muscular, been there for

:26:49. > :26:59.

:26:59. > :27:04.system, how it all works together. -- the nervous system.

:27:04. > :27:14.What is the most challenging aspect?

:27:14. > :27:18.People! The clients?!

:27:19. > :27:23.Yes! They really make a difference. At the owner puts the time and

:27:23. > :27:33.effort in that they create a really will be eight animal. Otherwise, it

:27:33. > :27:38.

:27:38. > :27:43.makes the job so difficult. You That looks seriously hard work. She

:27:43. > :27:48.must have are back made from good does! Just time to tell you what is

:27:48. > :27:53.coming up on next week's programme. The Campaign for Community rights

:27:53. > :27:57.to growth. Her these have great connecting

:27:57. > :28:00.spaces where people come together. Even if they're not interested and

:28:00. > :28:06.fruit and veg become for the different events that offered in

:28:06. > :28:15.the spaces. A poetic trip along the Tamar

:28:15. > :28:22.Shanta trail. He shouts, well done! As soon as

:28:22. > :28:28.he'd done that, they turned around, we're in trouble!

:28:28. > :28:37.And another wildlife safari for Sarah.

:28:37. > :28:41.He is running left! Just moving across the hell.