:00:33. > :00:38.Hello and welcome. This week I am and Cromarty. Later I will be
:00:38. > :00:42.sampling the beer from a local brewery. First here is what coming
:00:42. > :00:48.up on the programme. The thorny issue of succession
:00:48. > :00:55.planning for farmers. They need to face up to these
:00:55. > :01:00.things sooner rather than later. The greater pain is the uncertainty.
:01:01. > :01:05.A parasite spread by box that can be fatal to cattle.
:01:05. > :01:10.We now know that Neospora caninum is the biggest cause of infectious
:01:10. > :01:14.abortion in cattle. It occurs in the UK and worldwide.
:01:14. > :01:21.Patrick McGlinchey gives us another lesson in the bush craft. Once the
:01:21. > :01:29.fibre is rolled be can give it a final twist and fold it. That is
:01:29. > :01:33.the beginning of cordage making. Over the past decade there has been
:01:33. > :01:40.a significant investment in Scotland's canal networks yet there
:01:40. > :01:45.are still very few bolts on the water. -- boat. This year Scottish
:01:45. > :01:55.Canals has launched that Living on Water initiative to encourage more
:01:55. > :01:56.
:01:56. > :02:01.people to take part. These days living on a boat is not
:02:01. > :02:07.about roughing it. Canal boats come in a range of sizes and styles to
:02:07. > :02:10.suit the most discerning canal dweller. I am off to meet Sean
:02:10. > :02:20.Doherty who has lived on a traditional bar for the last couple
:02:20. > :02:21.
:02:21. > :02:26.of years. Hello. Permission to come on board. Come on through.
:02:26. > :02:30.Why do you want to live on a canal boat? I find it peaceful and
:02:30. > :02:34.tranquil. You are in the centre of Edinburgh but at the same time it
:02:34. > :02:41.feels that you are in the countryside. It is a good community.
:02:41. > :02:49.We all know each other. Why not stay in one place? If Davies. You
:02:49. > :02:57.can stay a couple of days on visitor permits. On are not so busy
:02:58. > :03:03.moorings you can stay for a longer period of time. Do you get bored
:03:03. > :03:09.and decide to go to Falkirk or Glasgow? You just move on. A change
:03:09. > :03:15.of scenery is one of the attractions of life on the canal.
:03:15. > :03:21.But Sean Doherty has a hankering for a permit moving -- for a
:03:21. > :03:28.permanent mooring. I do not know anybody that has applied to
:03:28. > :03:36.Scottish Canals and did not get back mooring. The air is one that
:03:36. > :03:41.you would like. There are residential and moorings. The idea
:03:41. > :03:48.of having an mooring in the centre of Edinburgh is quite attractive.
:03:48. > :03:53.The mooring he is interested in is in the heart of Edinburgh. It is
:03:53. > :03:57.one of eight residential moorings being sold by Scottish Canals as
:03:57. > :04:03.part of their Living on Water campaign. We needed to promote a
:04:03. > :04:08.residential and business campaigns. We needed more animation and by
:04:08. > :04:16.ritzy on the canals. That means people living and working in close
:04:16. > :04:22.proximity to the canals. You get the visitors. What is the potential
:04:22. > :04:27.for creating a real community? There is great community. -- there
:04:27. > :04:37.is great potential. It is a different way of living. When you
:04:37. > :04:44.
:04:44. > :04:48.go where it feels like a close-knit We are now heading into the centre
:04:48. > :04:54.of Edinburgh. There is a narrow but coming up so I may hand over any
:04:54. > :04:59.minute now. This is where you would like at mooring? Yes, the city
:05:00. > :05:08.centre. It is permanent. High does that differ from what you have got
:05:08. > :05:17.at the moment? Electricity is the main benefit. This is one of the
:05:17. > :05:23.narrowest ones. A do you want to slow down? I do not. Who is going
:05:23. > :05:26.to want to live on a boat in Edinburgh? Everybody at anybody.
:05:26. > :05:31.That cut through the population. It is such an alternative lifestyle.
:05:31. > :05:38.It could appeal to anybody. Young couples from their affordability
:05:38. > :05:44.and there. Also older couples. refurbished boat is �60,000. It
:05:44. > :05:52.goes up more if you want a bigger boat. You can get a second-hand
:05:52. > :05:56.boat from �25,000. That makes it all the more affordable.
:05:56. > :06:06.Will you extend this to the Caledonian Canal and the Crinan
:06:06. > :06:08.
:06:08. > :06:16.Canal? Yes, we will expand it. We will expand it to the Muirtown
:06:16. > :06:17.Basin Inverness and to Glasgow. And then we have another 10 locations.
:06:17. > :06:27.Competition for their eight available spaces in Edinburgh is
:06:27. > :06:28.
:06:28. > :06:38.steep. The moorings are being sold by auction to the highest builders.
:06:38. > :06:40.
:06:40. > :06:44.It is �2,000 per year to rent the birth. -- to rent their mooring.
:06:44. > :06:49.Over the past couple of years arrests and Bush Trav expert has
:06:49. > :06:57.taken as foraging in some of Scotland's and wild places. -- bush
:06:57. > :07:06.craft. To our ancestors trees offered more
:07:06. > :07:11.than just timber. Take this tree for example. This is a lime tree.
:07:11. > :07:18.It will provide me with these fibres. Let us go back to camp and
:07:18. > :07:24.I will show you what I can do with them. We have our fibres. This is
:07:24. > :07:31.what we can transform them into. Strong string. The bark is stripped
:07:31. > :07:38.of. It is let to soak were six to eight weeks. Bacterial action
:07:38. > :07:48.breaks down the glues. We are left with long ribbon like fibres ready
:07:48. > :07:50.
:07:50. > :07:56.for use. Now we have got to roll these flat fibres on our buy. --
:07:56. > :08:04.one hour five. Then we give it a fine twist and fold it and twist up.
:08:04. > :08:10.That is the beginning of cordage making. Back on the five. Always a
:08:10. > :08:20.forward role. Then we give them a final twist and twist from the back
:08:20. > :08:25.always in the forward direction. Just, just, Darren. -- twist, twist,
:08:25. > :08:29.turn. Cordage making is an ancient skill. At ancestors would have used
:08:29. > :08:37.it every day to make strings for their bones and to bind things
:08:37. > :08:41.together. -- bones. They would never have scaled the highest peaks
:08:41. > :08:51.without the help of rope. There are many different fibres that would
:08:51. > :08:51.
:08:51. > :08:55.fund can give be go. We have mettle, well, sweet chestnut, Bramble. As
:08:55. > :08:59.well as making fine string we can make strong rope. There is a strong
:08:59. > :09:04.saying that every good would man should have at least seven lengths
:09:04. > :09:08.of good strong rope. You never know when you might need it.
:09:08. > :09:13.At some point on the trail you will come across an obstacle like this
:09:13. > :09:23.slippery slope. There are two ways down it. Head over heels or down on
:09:23. > :09:26.
:09:26. > :09:35.my bum. I have got a good role. We can use this as an anchor point. --
:09:35. > :09:45.agreed rope. A harness and what we go. -- of we
:09:45. > :09:46.
:09:46. > :09:50.Down in one piece. The trousers are still clean. That is all for this
:09:50. > :09:58.week. Next week I will be back in the woodlands doing something
:09:58. > :10:02.rather festive. Still to come I need another of
:10:02. > :10:07.Scotland's artisan beer producers. There have been a few producers up
:10:07. > :10:13.until a few years ago. They had stopped producing. The time was
:10:13. > :10:19.right to start it again. How do farmers plan a handover to the next
:10:19. > :10:23.generation? Draw up a will and make a plan and try and make it happen.
:10:23. > :10:32.The other option is to do nothing and let the legal system do it for
:10:32. > :10:36.you. Most responsible dog owners make
:10:36. > :10:40.sure the clean up their dog poo when walking in towns and villages.
:10:40. > :10:46.Does the same happen in the countryside? Few bowlers will be
:10:46. > :10:54.aware that the it dog's faeces could carry a parasite that is the
:10:54. > :10:59.main cause of abortion in cattle. - - Few dog owners.
:10:59. > :11:08.Dog poo. It is one of our houses of walking on any peak it. Orders to
:11:08. > :11:15.fail to pick it up I guilty of anti-social behaviour cuts almost.
:11:15. > :11:18.Education, signage, and the rest of fines has named that most dog
:11:19. > :11:24.owners pick it up and dispose of it. At the same cannot be said in the
:11:24. > :11:28.countryside. Any dog walkers figure it is OK to leave their dog mess on
:11:28. > :11:33.the ground - maybe because nobody cleaned up after a sheep, horses,
:11:33. > :11:38.or cattle. It is a problem that this man has
:11:38. > :11:45.experience on his land near Glasgow. It is a popular location for a dog
:11:45. > :11:52.walkers. We are very close to Glasgow. We are 10 miles from
:11:52. > :11:58.Stockholm street. This is a sight of scientific interest. This is the
:11:58. > :12:05.core path that links at village to that country park. It is a popular
:12:05. > :12:09.way to walk. The problem we have is that some dog walkers do not have
:12:09. > :12:13.their dogs under control. They do not meet the attention to the
:12:13. > :12:20.requirements to clean up after their dogs. Is it individuals to
:12:20. > :12:25.have walking dogs? We have professional dog walkers. Become
:12:25. > :12:29.with five or six dogs. They let them out to have around. Anybody
:12:29. > :12:35.with the best will in the world cannot properly keep half a dozen
:12:35. > :12:40.dogs under control. They cannot clean up after them. It is not just
:12:40. > :12:45.an inconvenience that so many dog walkers fail to clean up. There is
:12:45. > :12:52.somebody there with a black dog running about. That could have
:12:52. > :12:56.devastating effects on cattle. And on the livelihood of farmers.
:12:56. > :13:06.very serious and stop in 2010 there were eight aborted foetuses out
:13:06. > :13:08.
:13:08. > :13:13.here on the ground. There was an investigation. The cost was a
:13:13. > :13:21.little-known parasite present in dog faeces called Neospora caninum.
:13:21. > :13:26.Neospora caninum is a parasite. It is a tiny organism. If dogs get
:13:26. > :13:31.infected in their PCs the can shed the next stage of the parasite. If
:13:31. > :13:34.cattle eat that they become infected. If they become affected
:13:34. > :13:39.the can have an abortion. We now know that Neospora caninum is the
:13:39. > :13:44.biggest cause of infectious abortion in cattle. That is not
:13:44. > :13:51.just in Scotland, but the UK, and brought light. Is there treatment
:13:51. > :13:55.for it? There is no good treatment for cattle. We are working to
:13:55. > :14:01.develop at vaccine to protect the cattle against abortion. What
:14:01. > :14:08.financial impact does it have on the farm? The farmer loses his
:14:08. > :14:18.production for that here in respect of each Carew. -- in respect of
:14:18. > :14:20.each of his cattle. There is no compensation. The problem is so
:14:20. > :14:27.great that the National Farmers' Union decided something had to be
:14:27. > :14:35.done to educate the public. Nigel Miller is also a bet. He knows all
:14:35. > :14:41.about Neospora caninum. -- and Brecht. Fertility in cattle is a
:14:41. > :14:48.key issue for us. Our best- performing herds produce 95
:14:48. > :14:58.cassette of 100 cows. Other herds produce 87 %. That can be due to
:14:58. > :15:02.some factors such as abortion. The problem occurs in cows that have
:15:02. > :15:08.never come across this parasite before. The suddenly get the
:15:08. > :15:11.infection probably through grazing contaminated pasture. The natural
:15:11. > :15:18.thing is to pick it up to protect children and the public. What we
:15:18. > :15:28.are asking in enclosed fields is keep doing that. Just pick up
:15:28. > :15:33.
:15:33. > :15:37.We are going to put up some notices that are going to advise, because
:15:37. > :15:46.if people are going to have the benefit of information, they will
:15:46. > :15:50.react to that and respond to that If you have a comment about
:15:50. > :16:00.anything you see on the programme, or have a wonderful story to share
:16:00. > :16:10.with us? In El us. The weather here is absolutely freezing, but what
:16:10. > :16:13.
:16:13. > :16:18.about the prospects for this Good evening. It is set to turn a
:16:18. > :16:23.little bit milder this weekend, but there will be cold weather
:16:23. > :16:31.returning this week. -- next week. We have a yellow weather warning
:16:31. > :16:35.for ice on untreated roads and services. But he is what is what --
:16:35. > :16:40.he is what is happening tonight. The rain is being coupled with
:16:41. > :16:45.milder air, and in southern Scotland, the rain will already be
:16:45. > :16:50.affecting some parts. It will clear into the North Sea, but come
:16:50. > :16:56.Saturday afternoon, we will still have misty and murky conditions.
:16:56. > :17:06.Drizzle here also. We should see some brightness coming through. We
:17:06. > :17:07.
:17:07. > :17:11.will be holding on to some strong westerly winds. Bits and pieces of
:17:12. > :17:18.drizzle for the Western Highlands too. Able brighten up across the
:17:18. > :17:22.Western Isles, but temperatures of nine or ten Celsius, an awful lot
:17:22. > :17:28.milder. If you are thinking of heading to the hills tomorrow,
:17:28. > :17:36.Eastern ranges should fare better. The Perthshire hills will maybe see
:17:36. > :17:43.some sleep showers and also at the Cairngorms. Temperatures are above
:17:43. > :17:48.freezing, but there will be a wind- chill factor. Fairly extensive coal
:17:48. > :17:52.fog as well, and gale-force westerly winds, with a notable
:17:52. > :17:59.chill factor. The winds will feature for anyone who is thinking
:17:59. > :18:07.of going skiing this weekend. All centres appear to be open. Another
:18:07. > :18:11.area of winds heading southward. Temperatures about four or five
:18:11. > :18:16.Celsius. A change coming our way once again on Sunday. The weather
:18:16. > :18:26.fronts will move away nicely, allowing North Lee winds to come in.
:18:26. > :18:31.A lot of dry out colder weather. A fresh strong westerly wind. A
:18:31. > :18:38.beginning -- the beginning of the working week, the will -- wintry
:18:38. > :18:44.showers will come in. Sunny weather across western, central and
:18:44. > :18:50.southern parts. But still on the cold side. Could the winds will the
:18:50. > :18:54.into the north-east. There will be some snow showers in eastern
:18:54. > :18:59.Scotland on Tuesday. You do not have to go too far inland to get
:18:59. > :19:07.some snow showers. It will stay on the cold side. Wensley -- Wednesday
:19:07. > :19:17.is looking very similar. A lot of dry, bright weather and it will be
:19:17. > :19:20.
:19:20. > :19:28.In the last three years, the number of craft brewers has jumped by 50 %.
:19:28. > :19:38.L is a growth industry, and a lot of them are in rural locations. But
:19:38. > :19:45.
:19:45. > :19:51.The brewery's motto is save the planet, drink organic. It started
:19:51. > :19:59.about 14 or 15 years ago, and I wanted to make a beer brand that
:19:59. > :20:03.was organic, and because of the area we are in, it has been well
:20:03. > :20:07.known for growing quality malted barley. There were a few Puris in
:20:07. > :20:13.the area up until 100 years ago, but they stopped producing, and it
:20:13. > :20:18.up at the time was right to start another one again. To begin with,
:20:18. > :20:27.David had to buy in the Bali, but then they managed to buy at 120
:20:27. > :20:34.acres surrounding the brewery. -- of the barley. We make beer out of
:20:34. > :20:39.the barley, and to be copied the product to our stock. They
:20:39. > :20:43.fertilise the ground to make more Bali. We have a source of water
:20:43. > :20:52.here. The hops are the only thing that we have to go too far afield
:20:52. > :21:02.for, and we get that from various I cannot wait to support the
:21:02. > :21:08.
:21:08. > :21:16.This is all from the process? the draught from the mash Tun, with
:21:16. > :21:20.a bit of barley that we have grown here. In it all goes to few beasts?
:21:20. > :21:24.Yes. Occasionally, we will composted when we have too much of
:21:24. > :21:30.it, and we will spread it on the land. It has a lot of nutrients in
:21:30. > :21:40.it. She's enjoying it! Sheet is eating it straight from the
:21:40. > :21:48.
:21:48. > :21:58.trailer! I like my beer just as We are going to have some Read It
:21:58. > :22:14.
:22:14. > :22:20.That is very nice. The is a balance between malt and hops. Very nice.
:22:20. > :22:30.Next week, I am on the Isle of Arran to try some hopped beer
:22:30. > :22:37.
:22:37. > :22:43.cocktails. Can't wait! I love my With the average age of Scottish
:22:43. > :22:49.farmers in their mid-50s, many are turning their thoughts to their son
:22:50. > :22:59.or daughter to inherit the business, but many are burying their heads in
:23:00. > :23:01.
:23:01. > :23:06.the sand and ignoring the issue. We It is a tricky subject that no one
:23:06. > :23:10.wants to mention. You think it is not going to happen, or it is to
:23:10. > :23:14.find the future to bother about any keeping it off. They could be one
:23:14. > :23:19.of the most important conversations you have in your lifetime. I am
:23:19. > :23:29.talking about an issue that many farmers do not want to discuss.
:23:29. > :23:29.
:23:29. > :23:35.It is about how the farm passes down the generations. It is how it
:23:35. > :23:40.moves down to the kids. Farms are businesses. That adds an element of
:23:40. > :23:44.complexity to it, so it is about how you get what you have today
:23:44. > :23:51.into the hands of the next generation, and indeed way that you
:23:51. > :23:57.want it to get there. Recently church has shown that half of all
:23:57. > :24:04.UK farmers have no succession plans in place. -- recent research.
:24:04. > :24:08.Planning for the next generation can lead to a big family format --
:24:08. > :24:12.fall-out and legal situations. Scotland, you have one of two
:24:13. > :24:19.situations. Option one is that she draw up a will and make a plan, and
:24:19. > :24:23.make it the way you wanted to pull stop option two is letting the
:24:23. > :24:33.legal system do it for you. You need to front up to these things,
:24:33. > :24:39.
:24:39. > :24:45.and the far greater playing is the uncertainty and the potential mess.
:24:45. > :24:52.Go for some reason, the father did not make a will, and on his death,
:24:52. > :24:57.the farm ended up passing down to the siblings, and the farm was sold,
:24:57. > :25:05.because there was no way that the favourite son was able to afford to
:25:05. > :25:10.buy out his siblings. There are plenty of cases where the father
:25:10. > :25:13.and grandfather owned the chequebook, causing problems for
:25:13. > :25:17.the children and the retiring generation. But there are a few
:25:17. > :25:24.people who are more forward- thinking. John Sinclair comes from
:25:24. > :25:28.a long line of farmers. His father make -- made plans early on, and
:25:28. > :25:33.John plans to do the same for his children. I was quite lucky when I
:25:33. > :25:39.left school. I decided that agriculture was for me. Mum and dad
:25:40. > :25:44.sat me down, and he said -- they said, look, that is great. The
:25:44. > :25:48.plans up when by it reached 60, and myself 30, I would be getting the
:25:48. > :25:53.chequebook, basically. The running of the business. I have always been
:25:53. > :25:57.grateful that my father lay my cards on the table. The have had a
:25:57. > :26:02.good succession story. It says -- is that something that is reflected
:26:02. > :26:05.among the farmers they you know? know people whose sons to be
:26:05. > :26:10.getting involved in the business, and the grandfather is still
:26:10. > :26:16.writing the cheques, which I think is terrible. He had two children,
:26:16. > :26:20.Sophie and George. George has been a very similar to what I was, which
:26:20. > :26:30.is very focused on working on the farm at any -- and any
:26:30. > :26:38.opportunities outside. Sophie has... It is early days. A caddie made any
:26:38. > :26:48.formal plans? Know, but -- no, but I it will be sitting down in the
:26:48. > :26:51.
:26:51. > :26:57.same way when my father -- as my Kenny see yourself following in
:26:57. > :27:02.your dad's footsteps? Yes, I am quite keen on that. Has your dad
:27:02. > :27:12.spoken to you about it? Yes, we have had some brief conversations.
:27:12. > :27:13.
:27:13. > :27:18.Nothing very big jet. -- yet. the decisions are in your hands, it
:27:18. > :27:22.is your decision on how a NICE to pass down to the next generation.
:27:22. > :27:25.You need to be upfront put your families. Yes, there will be
:27:25. > :27:30.difficult conversations about the kitchen table when that is going on,
:27:30. > :27:35.but hopefully, you can settle it down, and that is the best solution.
:27:35. > :27:42.It may be difficult to deal with, and are often very emotional, but
:27:42. > :27:50.mentioning the unmentionable can avoid bitter family disputes, and
:27:51. > :27:55.secure the future of farming Sarah, and the difficult issue of
:27:55. > :28:00.succession. There is just time to tell you what is going to happen on
:28:00. > :28:06.the next episode. The achievements of the little-known Aberdeenshire
:28:06. > :28:11.round to it. Some time on the 4th day, he made his trek to the
:28:11. > :28:17.Himalayas. He went every year, and he went on massive exhibition --
:28:17. > :28:21.expeditions, and achieved a much. Patrick takes us down to the woods
:28:21. > :28:26.one last time. A Christmas tree would not be complete without the a
:28:26. > :28:32.colleague. If you cut the whole tree down, it is said it will bring