0:00:34 > 0:00:39Predators give us a dramatic health check on our planet's wild places.
0:00:41 > 0:00:43They are the top of the food chain
0:00:43 > 0:00:46and need an abundance of prey and vast territories for hunting.
0:00:48 > 0:00:51But as the human population grows,
0:00:51 > 0:00:54the conflict between people and wildlife is on the rise.
0:00:58 > 0:01:02Over 75% of the world's top predators are now declining.
0:01:04 > 0:01:07Humans have created this crisis,
0:01:07 > 0:01:09but we also have the power to resolve it.
0:01:12 > 0:01:15We meet the pioneers at the front line,
0:01:15 > 0:01:17searching for bold solutions.
0:01:22 > 0:01:26The question is whether we are prepared to allow room
0:01:26 > 0:01:28for the natural world's greatest hunters.
0:01:45 > 0:01:49The world's forests cover a third of its land surface,
0:01:49 > 0:01:53and contain over 50% of our wildlife.
0:01:57 > 0:02:01In the jungles of India, the top predator is the tiger.
0:02:04 > 0:02:06Once on the point of extinction,
0:02:06 > 0:02:08its numbers are now steadily rising here
0:02:08 > 0:02:11for the first time in over 50 years.
0:02:19 > 0:02:23India is also home to 1.2 billion people
0:02:23 > 0:02:26and the fastest-growing economy on the planet.
0:02:28 > 0:02:31So, how is the tiger making a comeback?
0:02:36 > 0:02:40Tigers are the largest of all big cats.
0:02:40 > 0:02:43They need a territory of up to 60 square miles
0:02:43 > 0:02:46and must make a kill every week to survive.
0:02:56 > 0:02:59He's so perfectly camouflaged.
0:02:59 > 0:03:03A deer could just come close to him without knowing the tiger's there
0:03:03 > 0:03:05and he'd just go for it.
0:03:05 > 0:03:09Dr Ullas Karanth from the Wildlife Conservation Society
0:03:09 > 0:03:13is the world's leading expert on tigers.
0:03:13 > 0:03:17Watching a tiger hunt is a dream, it's just spectacular.
0:03:17 > 0:03:21You realise what a perfectly-designed killing machine
0:03:21 > 0:03:22this animal is.
0:03:51 > 0:03:56500 years ago, there were over 300,000 tigers in India.
0:03:58 > 0:04:03But in the last century, their numbers fell to just 2,000,
0:04:03 > 0:04:08due to a combination of poaching and the loss of half of their forest.
0:04:10 > 0:04:12In the late 1970s,
0:04:12 > 0:04:16tigers were almost on the verge of extinction in India.
0:04:16 > 0:04:21But strong measures by the Indian government to create protected areas
0:04:21 > 0:04:26and a strong law enforcement effort led to a major recovery
0:04:26 > 0:04:28better than anything else the world has seen.
0:04:28 > 0:04:32As a result, tigers have come back big time in many places.
0:04:33 > 0:04:37There are now around 2,500 tigers in India
0:04:37 > 0:04:40and their numbers are steadily rising.
0:04:43 > 0:04:46The problem now is not so much a shortage of tigers,
0:04:46 > 0:04:48it's a lack of space for them.
0:04:50 > 0:04:54India's human population has doubled in the last 30 years.
0:04:55 > 0:04:58With so many people living in national parks,
0:04:58 > 0:05:01conflict is inevitable.
0:05:01 > 0:05:06These enclaves make a living out of raising crops, raising livestock
0:05:06 > 0:05:10and they're competing for space and food with tigers directly.
0:05:10 > 0:05:14So, this forces a conflict on them
0:05:14 > 0:05:17and eventually the tigers lose out and people lose out.
0:05:17 > 0:05:21The government has come up with a radical solution -
0:05:21 > 0:05:25paying villagers to move out of their homes, to make way for tigers.
0:05:28 > 0:05:32Relocating local people out of the forest is a highly emotive issue.
0:05:34 > 0:05:37India has been strongly criticised in the past
0:05:37 > 0:05:40for carrying out forced mass evictions.
0:05:40 > 0:05:43It is extremely controversial,
0:05:43 > 0:05:46because in some places, it's been done badly,
0:05:46 > 0:05:50where people who have moved out were forcibly moved out.
0:05:50 > 0:05:53But in many other places, it's been done right.
0:05:54 > 0:05:56Ullas' daughter Krithi
0:05:56 > 0:05:58also works for the Wildlife Conservation Society.
0:05:59 > 0:06:03Her job is to manage their village relocations
0:06:03 > 0:06:06and make sure they're done responsibly.
0:06:06 > 0:06:09KRITHI SPEAKS INDIAN
0:06:09 > 0:06:11Mani and his wife Jyothi
0:06:11 > 0:06:15have volunteered to leave the forest in return for compensation.
0:06:17 > 0:06:19TRANSLATION:
0:06:33 > 0:06:36They feel very strong ties to this place,
0:06:36 > 0:06:39even though they have a very difficult life here.
0:06:39 > 0:06:44And constantly living in fear of elephants, leopards and tigers.
0:06:44 > 0:06:48When you have little children, those challenges are even greater.
0:06:50 > 0:06:54Mani and Jyothi are leaving their old way of life behind.
0:06:55 > 0:06:59India is changing very rapidly and you have to sometimes make
0:06:59 > 0:07:03really hard choices and sometimes that involves moving people.
0:07:03 > 0:07:05And I'm very proud of the way we've done it right,
0:07:05 > 0:07:08helping them through every step of the way.
0:07:09 > 0:07:13But not everyone is happy about being moved out.
0:07:13 > 0:07:15HE SPEAKS INDIAN
0:07:28 > 0:07:32It's the fear of the outside and unknown that is keeping them here.
0:07:32 > 0:07:34Once that fear is broken
0:07:34 > 0:07:37and they know they are better off, everybody wants out.
0:07:40 > 0:07:44Mani and Jyothi are the latest of 631 families
0:07:44 > 0:07:47to leave Nagarhole National Park.
0:07:49 > 0:07:54In total, almost 30,000 people across India have been relocated.
0:07:57 > 0:08:01As humans move out of the forest, tigers move in.
0:08:03 > 0:08:06A very strong proof that relocation works is to look at
0:08:06 > 0:08:09some of the tiger reserves where it's been done well.
0:08:09 > 0:08:12People have moved out, prey numbers have multiplied
0:08:12 > 0:08:15and in many cases, the tiger numbers have doubled or tripled.
0:08:15 > 0:08:18There are many, many such cases in India.
0:08:21 > 0:08:27Mani and Jyothi are coming to live in a newly-built relocation centre.
0:08:27 > 0:08:31Here, they will have to find jobs and fend for themselves.
0:08:33 > 0:08:36Each adult receives the equivalent of £10,000 -
0:08:36 > 0:08:39a huge sum in India.
0:08:39 > 0:08:42This is paid part cash and part in the form of a new house
0:08:42 > 0:08:44and three acres of land.
0:08:44 > 0:08:47TRANSLATION:
0:08:55 > 0:08:58There is a widespread view that forest-dwelling people
0:08:58 > 0:09:01should live in remote locations,
0:09:01 > 0:09:03cut-off from all signs of civilisation,
0:09:03 > 0:09:07eating fruits and nuts, and that's far removed from reality.
0:09:07 > 0:09:10What these people want is good education,
0:09:10 > 0:09:12modern amenities and health.
0:09:12 > 0:09:16And all of that is not available in the remote jungle.
0:09:16 > 0:09:18People want to live in cities
0:09:18 > 0:09:20and you're going to see this huge transition,
0:09:20 > 0:09:25where India is going from 70% of the country being rural
0:09:25 > 0:09:28to 50% of the country being urban in the next 20 years
0:09:28 > 0:09:30and this is going to open up land.
0:09:30 > 0:09:33And once you move people out, the vegetation comes back,
0:09:33 > 0:09:37the prey numbers rebound and then tiger numbers come back.
0:09:37 > 0:09:39So, ecological recovery takes time,
0:09:39 > 0:09:42but I think nature knows how to heal itself.
0:09:48 > 0:09:51Relocation may be an extreme solution,
0:09:51 > 0:09:55but India's tigers are proof that given enough space,
0:09:55 > 0:09:57predators can bounce back.
0:10:02 > 0:10:07The greatest tropical forest on Earth is the Amazon.
0:10:07 > 0:10:10It covers almost half of South America
0:10:10 > 0:10:13and is home to more species than anywhere else on the planet.
0:10:24 > 0:10:28In the jungles of Venezuela, the canopy's deadliest hunter -
0:10:28 > 0:10:30the harpy eagle.
0:10:37 > 0:10:41This is the most powerful bird of prey in the world.
0:10:45 > 0:10:47It has a two-metre wing-span,
0:10:47 > 0:10:51and it hunts silently, on the lookout for monkeys and sloths.
0:10:57 > 0:10:59HARPY EAGLE SCREECHES
0:11:01 > 0:11:06The harpy eagle's territory stretches over 30 square miles.
0:11:06 > 0:11:10At the heart of it, the nest, with a very hungry chick.
0:11:12 > 0:11:15At two months old, the chick is vulnerable
0:11:15 > 0:11:17and is fiercely guarded by her mother.
0:11:23 > 0:11:25Down below on the forest floor,
0:11:25 > 0:11:28others are also keeping a close watch.
0:11:31 > 0:11:36Dr Alexander Blanco monitors 20 different pairs of harpy eagles,
0:11:36 > 0:11:38trying to police this area of forest
0:11:38 > 0:11:42and keep the nest sites safe from human encroachment.
0:11:45 > 0:11:49Throughout the harpy eagle's range, across Central and South America,
0:11:49 > 0:11:52an area of forest the size of Switzerland
0:11:52 > 0:11:55is being cut down every year.
0:11:55 > 0:11:58CHAINSAWS BUZZ
0:12:04 > 0:12:09Alexander is studying the impacts of this loss on the harpy eagle -
0:12:09 > 0:12:12and to do that, he must first get himself
0:12:12 > 0:12:1535 metres up to the nest in the canopy.
0:12:16 > 0:12:18HARPY EAGLE CHIRPS
0:12:18 > 0:12:21When the chick reaches six months old, before she fledges,
0:12:21 > 0:12:24Alexander must climb up and bring her down.
0:12:30 > 0:12:34He'll then fit a small radio transmitter on the chick,
0:12:34 > 0:12:37so he can keep track of her after she's left the nest.
0:12:40 > 0:12:42The mother eagle could attack,
0:12:42 > 0:12:46so Alexander is wearing a stab proof vest.
0:12:47 > 0:12:49It's dangerous work,
0:12:49 > 0:12:53but it's driven by a lifelong passion for the harpy eagle.
0:13:09 > 0:13:11As soon as he reaches the nest,
0:13:11 > 0:13:15Alexander must secure the harpy eagle's deadliest weapons -
0:13:15 > 0:13:17its talons.
0:13:17 > 0:13:19HARPY EAGLE SCREECHES
0:13:45 > 0:13:47Today, the female is keeping her distance,
0:13:47 > 0:13:51but Alexander has been attacked several times.
0:13:54 > 0:13:55OK...
0:13:57 > 0:13:59But as Alexander starts his descent,
0:13:59 > 0:14:01he realises there's a problem with his ropes.
0:14:10 > 0:14:14DULL THUD ALEXANDER SCREAMS
0:14:16 > 0:14:18AMBULANCE SIREN
0:14:18 > 0:14:23Amazingly, both Alexander and the eagle survive the fall.
0:14:24 > 0:14:27But Alexander breaks both his wrist and his leg.
0:14:48 > 0:14:51Alexander's assistant Don Blas
0:14:51 > 0:14:54brings the young eagle back to camp, to keep an eye on her.
0:15:16 > 0:15:20Don Blas attaches the radio as planned.
0:15:20 > 0:15:22Very little is known about these eagles,
0:15:22 > 0:15:25so this transmitter will help the scientists understand
0:15:25 > 0:15:29how they survive in a disappearing forest.
0:15:33 > 0:15:37Finally, the team return the young eagle to its nest,
0:15:37 > 0:15:40under the watchful eye of her anxious parents.
0:15:47 > 0:15:51The adult eagles waste no time bringing in more prey...
0:15:56 > 0:15:59..and life at the nest returns to normal.
0:16:11 > 0:16:14The harpy eagle is now 18 months old.
0:16:14 > 0:16:17Alexander is returning to study her progress
0:16:17 > 0:16:19for the first time since his fall.
0:16:41 > 0:16:44The transmitter on the eagle sends out a radio signal
0:16:44 > 0:16:47and the scientists can now track her through the forest
0:16:47 > 0:16:49as she learns to hunt.
0:16:50 > 0:16:52TRACKING APPARATUS BEEPS
0:16:55 > 0:16:58She can now recognise her prey,
0:16:58 > 0:17:00but she's doesn't expect it to fight back.
0:17:04 > 0:17:07But Alexander's studies show the monkeys and sloths
0:17:07 > 0:17:09that form the eagle's main prey
0:17:09 > 0:17:12are disappearing as the forest is cleared.
0:17:14 > 0:17:16In the face of this crisis,
0:17:16 > 0:17:20the harpy eagle has proved to be remarkably resourceful.
0:17:24 > 0:17:27The eagles are starting to hunt ground-dwelling prey
0:17:27 > 0:17:28in more broken areas.
0:17:48 > 0:17:51There are now less than 50,000 harpy eagles left.
0:17:51 > 0:17:54At the current rate of deforestation,
0:17:54 > 0:17:58their numbers will drop by a third in the next 50 years.
0:17:59 > 0:18:01The only hope is that Alexander's data
0:18:01 > 0:18:05will persuade governments to protect their habitat,
0:18:05 > 0:18:08even if he has to risk his life in the process.
0:18:15 > 0:18:17Nearly half of the world's land surface
0:18:17 > 0:18:19is covered by grasslands and deserts
0:18:19 > 0:18:22and none are richer than the plains of Africa.
0:18:25 > 0:18:27This vast savanna is home
0:18:27 > 0:18:31to some of the most celebrated predators on the planet.
0:18:31 > 0:18:36And the most celebrated of them all is the lion.
0:18:42 > 0:18:45The Ngorongoro crater in Tanzania
0:18:45 > 0:18:48has the highest density of lions on Earth.
0:18:53 > 0:18:55There are four prides of lions here
0:18:55 > 0:18:58and they're engaged in a constant war with their human neighbours,
0:18:58 > 0:19:00the Maasai people.
0:19:10 > 0:19:13The Maasai rely on their cattle for survival.
0:19:14 > 0:19:16When the lions attack their livestock,
0:19:16 > 0:19:19the Maasai retaliate by killing them.
0:19:23 > 0:19:27This is an ancient conflict between warrior and predator
0:19:27 > 0:19:29that's been played out for millennia.
0:19:36 > 0:19:40The human population here has nearly tripled in the last 20 years
0:19:40 > 0:19:43and the conflict has now reached crisis point.
0:19:47 > 0:19:52Craig Packer is the world's top lion expert.
0:19:52 > 0:19:55He and assistant Ingela Jansson
0:19:55 > 0:19:57are trying to stop the Maasai from killing lions
0:19:57 > 0:20:00and allow them to breed in peace.
0:20:00 > 0:20:04Those animals have to run the gauntlet of Maasai with spears.
0:20:04 > 0:20:08And so, with that kind of armed guard all the way round the crater,
0:20:08 > 0:20:11it's very difficult for the males to be able to come into the crater
0:20:11 > 0:20:14from somewhere else to rejuvenate this population.
0:20:19 > 0:20:23Time is running out for the lions of Ngorongoro.
0:20:23 > 0:20:25Craig has roughly 100 of them
0:20:25 > 0:20:29and the Maasai are killing an average of ten a year.
0:20:29 > 0:20:31The one with the scar, MG103 -
0:20:31 > 0:20:35she had cubs in May and two of hers were lost
0:20:35 > 0:20:38and I didn't even see what sex they were.
0:20:38 > 0:20:41Whenever one of our study lions is speared,
0:20:41 > 0:20:45it's like right, that's just one more nail in the coffin.
0:20:45 > 0:20:48It's like one more example of why something must be done
0:20:48 > 0:20:50to address this problem.
0:20:54 > 0:20:56The only way to solve the conflict here
0:20:56 > 0:21:00is by brokering peace between these two ancient enemies.
0:21:03 > 0:21:06Ingela and Craig have employed a team of Maasai scouts
0:21:06 > 0:21:08from within the community.
0:21:09 > 0:21:12Their job is to document lion attacks
0:21:12 > 0:21:14and try and stop people from retaliating.
0:21:17 > 0:21:20So, I'm asking them "Do you like lions?"
0:21:20 > 0:21:23And yeah, there was some murmuring "yes" but then she said,
0:21:23 > 0:21:29"No, I don't like lions", because a lion attacked her son last year.
0:21:30 > 0:21:31SHE SPEAKS MAASAI DIALECT
0:21:33 > 0:21:35Oh, he's like 22 years old.
0:21:35 > 0:21:38He went then to defend their livestock
0:21:38 > 0:21:41and then he got into a close fight with a lion.
0:21:41 > 0:21:44After four years of Ingela's incredible dedication
0:21:44 > 0:21:48to slowly, gradually build trust with people,
0:21:48 > 0:21:51people are very much are more likely to tell her what's happened.
0:21:51 > 0:21:54They might even have speared a lion in retaliation.
0:21:54 > 0:21:57So, she can get a better picture of what really happens here.
0:21:57 > 0:22:02And therefore, how best to improve circumstances.
0:22:02 > 0:22:03TRANSLATION:
0:22:17 > 0:22:20Craig, Ingela and their scouts have their work cut out.
0:22:22 > 0:22:26The war between people and lions has been waged here
0:22:26 > 0:22:28for over two million years.
0:22:28 > 0:22:30And there is one deadly tradition
0:22:30 > 0:22:34that's still widely practised today -
0:22:34 > 0:22:36the ritual killing of lions.
0:22:43 > 0:22:46The team are travelling to a remote settlement
0:22:46 > 0:22:48on the edge of the Serengeti.
0:22:49 > 0:22:52MAASAI SING
0:22:52 > 0:22:56This is the front line in the conflict with lions.
0:23:00 > 0:23:03We've come out here today to attend a Maasai wedding
0:23:03 > 0:23:06in an area that's had a lot of ritual lion killing
0:23:06 > 0:23:07over the last decade.
0:23:07 > 0:23:10One of the things that Ingela has learnt in her research
0:23:10 > 0:23:15is that these hunting parties often assemble at an event like this.
0:23:18 > 0:23:19So, as you can see,
0:23:19 > 0:23:22everybody's getting worked up and that level of excitement,
0:23:22 > 0:23:25It's like they've got all this energy and all that testosterone
0:23:25 > 0:23:28ready to go and one of the things they really get excited about doing
0:23:28 > 0:23:29is going to hunt a lion.
0:23:29 > 0:23:33Ingela is hoping that the presence of her scouts
0:23:33 > 0:23:37may be enough to deter the warriors from hunting lions.
0:23:37 > 0:23:40They know these guys, they're friends, they're relatives
0:23:40 > 0:23:45and everyone knows here that they work for Lion Conservation,
0:23:45 > 0:23:48so they kind of know that they can't go hunting
0:23:48 > 0:23:50if that person is present.
0:23:50 > 0:23:54Ingela's head scout, Roimen, comes from this area.
0:23:54 > 0:23:58He killed two lions by himself in ritual hunts when he was younger,
0:23:58 > 0:24:01and has the respect of his fellow warriors.
0:24:01 > 0:24:03ROIMEN SPEAKS MAASAI DIALECT
0:24:19 > 0:24:23Today, no-one is going hunting and the lions in this area are safe.
0:24:25 > 0:24:28But it could take decades to solve the conflict,
0:24:28 > 0:24:32so Craig is proposing a highly controversial solution -
0:24:32 > 0:24:37putting up fences to keep people and predators apart.
0:24:37 > 0:24:40Our romantic visions of Africa's unspoilt wilderness -
0:24:40 > 0:24:42that's already out of date.
0:24:42 > 0:24:45The human population now is already one billion people.
0:24:45 > 0:24:48It's expected to quadruple by the end of this century.
0:24:48 > 0:24:53So, it's time to consider erecting fences between people and wildlife.
0:24:53 > 0:24:55It's time to rethink the basic need
0:24:55 > 0:24:58for the safety of the people around these parks
0:24:58 > 0:25:01and the safety of the animals themselves.
0:25:02 > 0:25:06Craig is calling for fortress conservation -
0:25:06 > 0:25:11protecting vast areas with hundreds of miles of electric fencing.
0:25:13 > 0:25:14In South Africa,
0:25:14 > 0:25:18all the wildlife parks have already been completely fenced in.
0:25:20 > 0:25:24There are now 1,000 highly protected game reserves here
0:25:24 > 0:25:28and the number of top carnivores is steadily rising.
0:25:32 > 0:25:35But for wide-ranging predators like cheetah,
0:25:35 > 0:25:38being fenced in poses a deadly problem.
0:25:47 > 0:25:50Cheetahs need vast territories to survive.
0:26:07 > 0:26:10The world's fastest land animal is mainly solitary
0:26:10 > 0:26:13and must roam long distances to find a mate.
0:26:16 > 0:26:20But when they're trapped in behind fences with their own families,
0:26:20 > 0:26:23in-breeding becomes the biggest threat to their survival.
0:26:29 > 0:26:34The only way to prevent this is by playing Cupid with cheetahs.
0:26:42 > 0:26:46Vincent Van Der Merwe from the Endangered Wildlife Trust
0:26:46 > 0:26:50runs what could be described as a cheetah dating agency.
0:26:50 > 0:26:51These population are small
0:26:51 > 0:26:55and inbreeding is a terrible thing, in the long run.
0:26:55 > 0:26:59So, it's not a natural thing, you know?
0:26:59 > 0:27:01We'd prefer natural dispersal,
0:27:01 > 0:27:04natural migration between the populations,
0:27:04 > 0:27:07but South Africa is a highly-developed country
0:27:07 > 0:27:09compared to the rest of Africa.
0:27:09 > 0:27:12And you know, we have to move them artificially.
0:27:20 > 0:27:25Vincent has come to Dinokeng Game Reserve to remove two males.
0:27:26 > 0:27:28They're 18 months old
0:27:28 > 0:27:30and would normally have left their mother by now.
0:27:30 > 0:27:34So, these two males are related to the two females
0:27:34 > 0:27:37and they're reaching sexual maturity now,
0:27:37 > 0:27:40so there is the possibility that inbreeding will take place.
0:27:40 > 0:27:44So, it's important that we remove these two males,
0:27:44 > 0:27:45to prevent inbreeding.
0:27:45 > 0:27:47Before they can be moved,
0:27:47 > 0:27:51the cheetah must be immobilised by wildlife vet Shaun Beverley.
0:27:51 > 0:27:53Let's just have a look and see.
0:27:53 > 0:27:55I just want to check what these two do.
0:27:56 > 0:27:58Just reverse.
0:28:02 > 0:28:04Stop here.
0:28:04 > 0:28:06These animals are very sensitive to drugs
0:28:06 > 0:28:09and there's a high risk of overdose or injury.
0:28:10 > 0:28:11OK, I'm going to take it.
0:28:17 > 0:28:20Just watch the female - she's not happy at all about the vehicle.
0:28:20 > 0:28:23She's quite intent in protecting her... The young male.
0:28:23 > 0:28:25CHEETAH HISSES
0:28:25 > 0:28:27With an eye out for the angry mother,
0:28:27 > 0:28:30Shaun carefully removes the first young male.
0:28:30 > 0:28:33Ready. We're just going to pop him in here.
0:28:33 > 0:28:38By collecting DNA samples, Vincent creates a profile for each cheetah
0:28:38 > 0:28:43and matches them up with unrelated females on other fenced reserves.
0:28:43 > 0:28:46OK, got some blood vials over there.
0:28:48 > 0:28:51A single population on a small fenced reserve like this
0:28:51 > 0:28:53is not viable in the long term.
0:28:53 > 0:28:58But 53 small populations on 53 reserves
0:28:58 > 0:29:02are viable in the long term, if managed as a single population.
0:29:04 > 0:29:06So, we continuously have to move these cheetah
0:29:06 > 0:29:09between the 53 small fenced reserves
0:29:09 > 0:29:12to ensure that they remain genetically viable.
0:29:14 > 0:29:16Just support his neck here.
0:29:17 > 0:29:19You can put it in as deep as you can
0:29:19 > 0:29:22and just grab him from the outside and drag him through.
0:29:22 > 0:29:24Just give him an antidote.
0:29:27 > 0:29:31Far more comfortable, once they're awake.
0:29:31 > 0:29:33CHEETAH HISSES
0:29:33 > 0:29:34OK, let's go.
0:29:34 > 0:29:36ENGINE STARTS
0:29:41 > 0:29:45Vincent has now moved 98 cheetah.
0:29:45 > 0:29:49But alarmingly, one in five of them have died in the process.
0:29:50 > 0:29:53It's a terrible price to pay for conservation.
0:29:53 > 0:29:57A small box, it's a very, very confined space for a cheetah.
0:29:57 > 0:29:59We don't like to keep them there too long.
0:29:59 > 0:30:02Unfortunately, some of the reserves are really far from each other
0:30:02 > 0:30:05and we have to move them over a day or two.
0:30:05 > 0:30:07So, we really fear for them,
0:30:07 > 0:30:11and we lose a lot of cheetah because of chronic stress.
0:30:11 > 0:30:13CHEETAH HISSES
0:30:16 > 0:30:21The two brothers are travelling 100 miles to their new home,
0:30:21 > 0:30:25Sable Ranch, where they will stay for the rest of their lives.
0:30:25 > 0:30:27Plenty of cheetah food over here.
0:30:34 > 0:30:38These two young cheetah have survived their journey unscathed.
0:30:40 > 0:30:44They are doing 100%, just a case of opening up now.
0:30:44 > 0:30:46CHEETAH HISSES
0:30:54 > 0:30:58Vincent will soon bring in a female, so they can start a family.
0:30:59 > 0:31:01When their offspring have reached adulthood,
0:31:01 > 0:31:04they'll need to be moved to another reserve.
0:31:04 > 0:31:06It's never-ending work.
0:31:10 > 0:31:14There are now less than 10,000 cheetahs left.
0:31:15 > 0:31:19South Africa is the only country where the population is growing,
0:31:19 > 0:31:21thanks to human intervention.
0:31:22 > 0:31:24But at what cost?
0:31:25 > 0:31:31Will all of Africa's wildlife end up living on fenced private reserves?
0:31:33 > 0:31:36I really think that this is going to be the future of conservation,
0:31:36 > 0:31:39because we're not going to find wide open spaces in Africa any more.
0:31:39 > 0:31:42There's just too many people, too much development.
0:31:42 > 0:31:45But we will find small fragments of natural habitat
0:31:45 > 0:31:47where we can reintroduce cheetah.
0:31:47 > 0:31:51So this is really a way to increase the range of cheetah,
0:31:51 > 0:31:52to beef up their numbers,
0:31:52 > 0:31:56because in the rest of Africa, their numbers are going down.
0:32:07 > 0:32:11There is at least one place left in Africa
0:32:11 > 0:32:14where you can still find wide open spaces.
0:32:16 > 0:32:17Zambia.
0:32:22 > 0:32:26With over 100,000 square miles of untamed wilderness,
0:32:26 > 0:32:30Zambia is simply too large to fence in.
0:32:32 > 0:32:36One hunter needs this vast landscape more than any other
0:32:36 > 0:32:40and it's the most endangered of all the predators on the plains.
0:32:42 > 0:32:44The African wild dog.
0:32:51 > 0:32:54Wild dogs are highly social animals.
0:32:56 > 0:32:59Before hunting, they carry out a greeting ritual,
0:32:59 > 0:33:01reinforcing bonds within the pack.
0:33:05 > 0:33:07They also care for their old and injured,
0:33:07 > 0:33:11making sure no dog goes hungry or gets left behind.
0:33:13 > 0:33:16But these greetings are becoming a rarity.
0:33:16 > 0:33:20Wild dogs have lost over 90% of their former range
0:33:20 > 0:33:24and there are now just 6,000 remaining in the whole of Africa.
0:33:26 > 0:33:27Mike Bravo, go ahead.
0:33:27 > 0:33:31Yeah, we have the hot springs pack just upstream.
0:33:31 > 0:33:33Copy that, going there right now.
0:33:33 > 0:33:35It's five o'clock in the morning
0:33:35 > 0:33:38and a team from the Zambian Carnivore Programme
0:33:38 > 0:33:41are tracking a pack of wild dogs.
0:33:41 > 0:33:43Their study animals are getting caught
0:33:43 > 0:33:46in the crossfire of a war with illegal poaching
0:33:46 > 0:33:50and Thandive and Henry are trying to keep watch over them.
0:33:50 > 0:33:53It's a huge area and to look for animals like that
0:33:53 > 0:33:56is like looking for a needle in a haystack
0:33:56 > 0:34:00and worse still, these dogs are moving at really high speeds.
0:34:00 > 0:34:03They're heading out hunting, huh?
0:34:03 > 0:34:06They're joined on their search by air support.
0:34:07 > 0:34:11Team leader Dr Matt Becker is spotting from above,
0:34:11 > 0:34:15trying to work out which direction the dogs are heading.
0:34:15 > 0:34:17Tango Mike, Tango Mike, Mike, Bravo.
0:34:17 > 0:34:20Mike Bravo, go ahead.
0:34:20 > 0:34:22Yeah, we have the hot springs pack -
0:34:22 > 0:34:27got a visual, all 15 of them, just upstream from the Kalousie.
0:34:27 > 0:34:31Copy that. We'll head there now and try to keep up as best as we can.
0:34:31 > 0:34:33OK, sounds good.
0:34:36 > 0:34:39Wild dog territories stretch over 600 square miles.
0:34:41 > 0:34:43They're constantly on the move,
0:34:43 > 0:34:46so the scientists track them using radio collars.
0:34:47 > 0:34:50If you don't follow them on the ground for a couple of days,
0:34:50 > 0:34:53you often have no idea where they may be.
0:34:53 > 0:34:56So the quickest, easiest thing to do is get up in the air
0:34:56 > 0:34:58and pick up the signal from a long ways away,
0:34:58 > 0:35:03and then, we'll radio those locations to our ground teams,
0:35:03 > 0:35:05who will come in with their Land Rovers
0:35:05 > 0:35:07and follow the dogs on the ground
0:35:07 > 0:35:10and collect all sorts of critical information on them.
0:35:10 > 0:35:12Mike Bravo, I copy that.
0:35:13 > 0:35:15Do you have the location right now?
0:35:16 > 0:35:20Yeah, I've got them. 11 o'clock, moving in now.
0:35:24 > 0:35:25Oh, that's great.
0:35:29 > 0:35:32The team observe the pack hunting almost every day.
0:35:35 > 0:35:39Once they've selected their target, it's all about teamwork.
0:35:45 > 0:35:48When they actually encounter wildebeest or other prey,
0:35:48 > 0:35:52you'll see them reacting to where the other dogs are running as well.
0:35:52 > 0:35:54They are very aware of what's going on
0:35:54 > 0:35:56and what their other pack members are doing.
0:36:03 > 0:36:05You know, they take down wildebeest
0:36:05 > 0:36:07that one dog can't possibly do by itself,
0:36:07 > 0:36:10so through working together and helping each other out,
0:36:10 > 0:36:13they're able to take down big animals like that.
0:36:23 > 0:36:28No matter how many times I see a wild dog hunt, it's always amazing.
0:36:28 > 0:36:31The grace and speed of the dogs in a hunt
0:36:31 > 0:36:35is something that you can't get with any other species.
0:36:47 > 0:36:49There's nothing like wild dogs
0:36:49 > 0:36:53and if we lose them, there will never be anything like them again.
0:36:57 > 0:37:01The greatest threat to wild dogs comes from humans.
0:37:05 > 0:37:08The dogs are getting caught in snares intended for other animals.
0:37:10 > 0:37:13Zambia's growing population is creating a huge
0:37:13 > 0:37:16and increasing demand for commercial bushmeat,
0:37:16 > 0:37:20with poachers targeting species like gazelles.
0:37:21 > 0:37:24But snares are indiscriminate
0:37:24 > 0:37:27and thousands of other animals are caught by accident.
0:37:32 > 0:37:34With the dogs in constant danger,
0:37:34 > 0:37:38the team keeps an eye on them, in case they get caught in snares.
0:37:41 > 0:37:44To follow the dogs, they need to collar only one animal,
0:37:44 > 0:37:47as they normally stick together as a pack.
0:37:49 > 0:37:50WILD DOG YELPS
0:37:53 > 0:37:57Once the dog is safely down, the team can slowly move in.
0:38:02 > 0:38:04A lot of them are getting snared.
0:38:04 > 0:38:07And so, these radio collars enable us to get an animal,
0:38:07 > 0:38:09find it and de-snare it.
0:38:09 > 0:38:12So, this collar may save this dog's life,
0:38:12 > 0:38:15it may save its brothers and sisters and other pack members.
0:38:16 > 0:38:20Once the pack member is down, the other dogs will stay in the area.
0:38:20 > 0:38:23As you can see, some in the background -
0:38:23 > 0:38:26so that makes it easier for the immobilised dog to join the group
0:38:26 > 0:38:28after the drugs wear off.
0:38:30 > 0:38:34When he comes round, the young male is unsteady on his feet,
0:38:34 > 0:38:37but he soon catches up with the rest of the pack.
0:38:41 > 0:38:44I think the best sight of the whole darting
0:38:44 > 0:38:47is when the dog gets up and rejoins the pack.
0:38:48 > 0:38:51It doesn't get any better than that.
0:38:56 > 0:39:00The team are searching for a pair of females that they're worried about.
0:39:02 > 0:39:05It's not unusual for females to leave the pack
0:39:05 > 0:39:07to look for new males,
0:39:07 > 0:39:09but these two sisters have run into trouble.
0:39:12 > 0:39:15A few weeks ago, we de-snared one of the females -
0:39:15 > 0:39:17she had a snare around her waist
0:39:17 > 0:39:21and was actually one of the worst we've ever seen.
0:39:21 > 0:39:25If you look very closely, you can also see just where the wire was.
0:39:27 > 0:39:30Her sister's also got an injured back leg.
0:39:30 > 0:39:33We can't see any open wounds at the moment,
0:39:33 > 0:39:36but she's clearly not putting any weight on it at all.
0:39:36 > 0:39:38And that does not bode well for them,
0:39:38 > 0:39:41when it comes to hunting, looking for food.
0:39:41 > 0:39:44Looks like they have not eaten for a while, now.
0:39:44 > 0:39:46They look very thin.
0:39:46 > 0:39:49I don't think they have a good chance of survival.
0:39:49 > 0:39:52We will keep monitoring them and see how it goes.
0:39:52 > 0:39:56It's going to be difficult. We might just end up picking up
0:39:56 > 0:39:59two empty collars in the next few weeks.
0:39:59 > 0:40:02Sadly, the snared female doesn't make it
0:40:02 > 0:40:05and is found dead a month later,
0:40:05 > 0:40:08but her sister manages to join another pack.
0:40:10 > 0:40:13Matt's team works closely with anti-poaching patrols
0:40:13 > 0:40:16from the South Luangwa Conservation Society
0:40:16 > 0:40:19and the Zambian Wildlife Authority,
0:40:19 > 0:40:23looking for snares and searching vehicles for bushmeat and guns.
0:40:25 > 0:40:30But as always, the greatest weapon in the war against poaching
0:40:30 > 0:40:32is the next generation.
0:40:32 > 0:40:34HENRY SPEAKS AFRICAN DIALECT
0:40:41 > 0:40:44This is conservation club.
0:40:44 > 0:40:48Every week, Thandi and Henry take children on safari,
0:40:48 > 0:40:52so they can appreciate wildlife and the opportunities it brings.
0:40:52 > 0:40:55How many people have seen wild dogs before?
0:40:56 > 0:40:58They hunt in packs of course,
0:40:58 > 0:41:01and they prefer to chase the animal down.
0:41:01 > 0:41:04Probably the most important aspect of our work
0:41:04 > 0:41:07is ensuring that the people that are most responsible for conservation
0:41:07 > 0:41:11of wild dogs and wild life in general are the Zambians themselves.
0:41:11 > 0:41:14Henry and Thandi are fantastic and are continuing
0:41:14 > 0:41:17to help kids get engaged in wildlife conservation.
0:41:17 > 0:41:20For those of you that have never seen a snare before,
0:41:20 > 0:41:22this is what it looks like.
0:41:22 > 0:41:24The mechanism is so that it should tighten
0:41:24 > 0:41:27as the animal struggles to get away.
0:41:27 > 0:41:31The best thing that can come out of this is a generation of people
0:41:31 > 0:41:33that are interested in wildlife.
0:41:33 > 0:41:36Regardless of what field they join later on -
0:41:36 > 0:41:38they could be teachers, or bankers, or whatever -
0:41:38 > 0:41:41but just environmentally-minded people.
0:41:42 > 0:41:47The animals are important, because they are the sources of income
0:41:47 > 0:41:52that can develop our Zambia - our nation.
0:41:52 > 0:41:57When I grow up, I just want to teach people about wildlife.
0:41:57 > 0:41:59Just like Mr Henry do.
0:42:17 > 0:42:21Oceans cover over 70% of the planet.
0:42:25 > 0:42:27This immense blue wilderness
0:42:27 > 0:42:30is home to the largest predator that's ever lived...
0:42:37 > 0:42:39..the blue whale -
0:42:39 > 0:42:43up to 30 metres long and weighing 200 tonnes.
0:42:59 > 0:43:04Since commercial whaling was banned 30 years ago,
0:43:04 > 0:43:06off the coast of California,
0:43:06 > 0:43:09its numbers have almost fully recovered.
0:43:11 > 0:43:13But they face a new problem.
0:43:17 > 0:43:20Here, blue whales are feeding on krill,
0:43:20 > 0:43:23in one of the world's busiest shipping lanes.
0:43:26 > 0:43:31Container ships plough through these waters 24 hours a day,
0:43:31 > 0:43:33heading in and out of Los Angeles.
0:43:40 > 0:43:43When the bow strikes a whale, it's usually fatal.
0:43:46 > 0:43:50Some scientists have suggested that this could be one reason
0:43:50 > 0:43:53why the blue whale population here is not increasing.
0:43:56 > 0:44:00But proving it requires very challenging research.
0:44:02 > 0:44:06So, we'll go through the area where we've had the sightings
0:44:06 > 0:44:08and it looks like both those whales moved last night
0:44:08 > 0:44:11to the shipping lanes, right in that zone...
0:44:11 > 0:44:14On the MS Shearwater in LA harbour,
0:44:14 > 0:44:18a team of marine biologists are heading out to hunt for blue whales.
0:44:18 > 0:44:22Their mission is to investigate the impacts of ship strike.
0:44:31 > 0:44:34I think we'll have a chance at this angle -
0:44:34 > 0:44:35it looks like he's back into
0:44:35 > 0:44:38a little bit more of a travelling mode.
0:44:38 > 0:44:41John Calambokidis from Cascadia Research
0:44:41 > 0:44:44is the world's top expert on blue whales
0:44:44 > 0:44:47and has been studying them for 29 years.
0:44:47 > 0:44:51I first became aware of the ship strike issue in 2007,
0:44:51 > 0:44:54when we had at least four blue whales that were struck
0:44:54 > 0:44:58and killed by ships just in Southern California in a few months' period.
0:45:11 > 0:45:14The port of Los Angeles Long Beach
0:45:14 > 0:45:17is the largest shipping complex in the United States.
0:45:18 > 0:45:23Container traffic here has increased ten-fold in the last 30 years.
0:45:26 > 0:45:28This spot right here probably has
0:45:28 > 0:45:30some of the densest concentration of ships
0:45:30 > 0:45:34that will funnel through here, coming into Los Angeles Long Beach.
0:45:34 > 0:45:37This also, right here, is a canyon
0:45:37 > 0:45:40that has quite a bit of krill for blue whales to feed on.
0:45:40 > 0:45:43And we've often got concentrations of blue whales
0:45:43 > 0:45:45right in this same area.
0:45:51 > 0:45:53John is tagging a number of whales
0:45:53 > 0:45:55to see how they respond to the ships.
0:45:56 > 0:46:00Right now, we have a whale that's in the shipping lane,
0:46:00 > 0:46:02so we're going to try to take this opportunity
0:46:02 > 0:46:04to put a tag on this whale,
0:46:04 > 0:46:08monitor both what it's doing and get the reaction of the whale.
0:46:15 > 0:46:20Deploying a suction cup tag requires precision timing.
0:46:21 > 0:46:25This first critical point, till you figure out what a whale's doing,
0:46:25 > 0:46:26it's very easy to lose it.
0:46:28 > 0:46:30Right now, there's a little bit of pressure.
0:46:35 > 0:46:37He may come up again here.
0:46:37 > 0:46:38Yep, here he comes.
0:46:43 > 0:46:45All right! Let's go.
0:46:48 > 0:46:50Coming up.
0:46:57 > 0:46:58OK, nice job there.
0:47:01 > 0:47:04So, that's attached with a suction cup.
0:47:04 > 0:47:05We hope it will stay on
0:47:05 > 0:47:08for something of the order of a few hours.
0:47:11 > 0:47:15These modern day whalers with hi-tech harpoons
0:47:15 > 0:47:18are hunting for new information about the whales' behaviour
0:47:18 > 0:47:22and why they don't simply swim out of harm's way.
0:47:23 > 0:47:27Blue whales don't seem to respond very strongly to the ship presence.
0:47:27 > 0:47:29You think about a long ship,
0:47:29 > 0:47:31the engine of that ship that's generating the noise
0:47:31 > 0:47:34and the propeller are all the way at the far end.
0:47:34 > 0:47:36What might be of danger to the blue whale
0:47:36 > 0:47:39might be 300 metres in front of that.
0:47:44 > 0:47:49The tags reveal how much time the whales spend in the shipping lanes,
0:47:49 > 0:47:50especially at night.
0:47:52 > 0:47:54The first thing that's rather surprising
0:47:54 > 0:47:56is that the whale crosses the shipping lanes twice.
0:47:56 > 0:47:59And we see that the blue whales are spending
0:47:59 > 0:48:01about twice as much of their time at night near the surface,
0:48:01 > 0:48:04where they will be vulnerable to being struck by a ship,
0:48:04 > 0:48:06compared to the day time.
0:48:08 > 0:48:10John is now working with the authorities
0:48:10 > 0:48:14to try to divert the shipping lanes and slow the vessels down.
0:48:18 > 0:48:21All sides are keen to find a solution
0:48:21 > 0:48:24and allow the whales to feed in peace.
0:48:40 > 0:48:43The polar regions are the least-inhabited
0:48:43 > 0:48:46and the most remote wildernesses on Earth.
0:48:49 > 0:48:53Here in the Arctic, the top predator is the polar bear.
0:48:55 > 0:48:59Over almost half a million years, these bears have adapted to
0:48:59 > 0:49:03the Arctic's dramatic annual changes of season.
0:49:08 > 0:49:12They're the only predators to hunt on sea ice
0:49:12 > 0:49:15and they rely on it for almost all of their prey.
0:49:28 > 0:49:33But due to changes in the global climate, the ice is getting thinner.
0:49:36 > 0:49:39And their season for hunting is getting shorter.
0:49:46 > 0:49:49To prove this is happening, you need hard evidence.
0:49:49 > 0:49:51And there's one team of scientists
0:49:51 > 0:49:55who've been collecting that evidence for the last 30 years.
0:49:59 > 0:50:01What is that?
0:50:01 > 0:50:02It might be a swan.
0:50:02 > 0:50:04- Oh, just this side of the ridge? - Yeah.
0:50:04 > 0:50:07In West Hudson Bay in Northern Canada,
0:50:07 > 0:50:09Government biologists are carrying out
0:50:09 > 0:50:12the world's longest study on polar bears.
0:50:14 > 0:50:16Oh, there's a bear, right below me - holy smokes.
0:50:16 > 0:50:19I think if I was going to do this guy, I'd try to get on his left
0:50:19 > 0:50:21and just push up onto this ridge here.
0:50:21 > 0:50:25If we get him on this ridge, I think we're laughing.
0:50:28 > 0:50:31The scientists are like health visitors for bears,
0:50:31 > 0:50:34checking the pulse of the local population.
0:50:35 > 0:50:39For Dr Evan Richardson, summer is the perfect time to call.
0:50:39 > 0:50:42As the bears are resting on land right now,
0:50:42 > 0:50:46living off their stored fat reserves, waiting for the sea ice
0:50:46 > 0:50:49to come back in the fall, in November and December,
0:50:49 > 0:50:51it really gives us a good opportunity
0:50:51 > 0:50:54to come and study this particular population of bears.
0:50:57 > 0:50:59The bears need to be immobilised
0:50:59 > 0:51:02before the biologists can get to work.
0:51:02 > 0:51:05I'll just keep pushing him in the direction he's headed now, OK?
0:51:05 > 0:51:08Dr Nick Lunn's team has darted over 5,000 bears
0:51:08 > 0:51:11since the project first started.
0:51:11 > 0:51:13That bear's going into the water.
0:51:13 > 0:51:16It's a place they consider safe, they head out to sea.
0:51:16 > 0:51:19And we don't want to be darting him in the water,
0:51:19 > 0:51:22so we need to move him back out where we can get a safe shot
0:51:22 > 0:51:24and have him go down on the land.
0:51:32 > 0:51:35Though it's stressful for the individuals in the short-term,
0:51:35 > 0:51:40this research could help save the entire species in the long-term.
0:51:48 > 0:51:49Once the dart is in,
0:51:49 > 0:51:53the crew wait at a safe distance until the bear is down.
0:52:02 > 0:52:05They must be extremely cautious when leaving the helicopter.
0:52:10 > 0:52:13Working around polar bear country, one always has to be vigilant
0:52:13 > 0:52:15and aware that there are other bears around -
0:52:15 > 0:52:18they're curious, they're going to come in.
0:52:18 > 0:52:20We have firearms, as a protective measure,
0:52:20 > 0:52:23just in case of an incident.
0:52:25 > 0:52:27Let's see if we can reposition him,
0:52:27 > 0:52:29which might be easier said than done.
0:52:29 > 0:52:31The team have to work fast.
0:52:32 > 0:52:35Once the anaesthetic wears off,
0:52:35 > 0:52:37this bear will quickly become very dangerous.
0:52:43 > 0:52:46This bear was first caught back in 2003
0:52:46 > 0:52:49and he's got about another ten capture histories.
0:52:50 > 0:52:54We collect hair samples, we'll take fat samples,
0:52:54 > 0:52:57we'll take a few standard measurements.
0:52:57 > 0:53:00Head length - 343.
0:53:01 > 0:53:04Now, we're going to get a straight line body length of this bear.
0:53:04 > 0:53:06233.
0:53:07 > 0:53:11His canines are one. Tooth wear is one.
0:53:12 > 0:53:15By updating their health records each year,
0:53:15 > 0:53:19the team can keep an eye on this bear's condition.
0:53:19 > 0:53:22The number is 016.
0:53:22 > 0:53:24Typically, male bears would be
0:53:24 > 0:53:2610% larger than this particular individual,
0:53:26 > 0:53:29so the bears are actually shorter,
0:53:29 > 0:53:32smaller than they used to be in the 1980s and 1990s.
0:53:32 > 0:53:36We believe it's probably related to nutritional stress
0:53:36 > 0:53:38and the population and reduced access to food.
0:53:41 > 0:53:43The bears are going hungry
0:53:43 > 0:53:47because the winters here have become warmer and shorter
0:53:47 > 0:53:50and the summers longer and hotter.
0:53:51 > 0:53:55The bears need to see ice as a platform to hunt their prey,
0:53:55 > 0:53:58to travel, they mate out on the sea ice,
0:53:58 > 0:54:00but we see sea ice breaking up
0:54:00 > 0:54:03around two and a half to three weeks earlier
0:54:03 > 0:54:06and forming around two and a half to three weeks later,
0:54:06 > 0:54:08so the bears have less time to feed.
0:54:08 > 0:54:12They're thinner, they don't have the same amount of fat on their bodies.
0:54:12 > 0:54:14We're seeing fewer cubs being produced,
0:54:14 > 0:54:16declines in cubs' survival,
0:54:16 > 0:54:18bears coming ashore in poor condition,
0:54:18 > 0:54:22weighing a lot less now than they did 30 years ago.
0:54:24 > 0:54:29The scientists can now prove that these bears are, on average,
0:54:29 > 0:54:3220% smaller than when their study first started.
0:54:32 > 0:54:34If the loss of ice continues,
0:54:34 > 0:54:37the polar bear will gradually become extinct.
0:54:46 > 0:54:49Climate change is happening fairly rapidly,
0:54:49 > 0:54:51so even though these bears are really good at fasting
0:54:51 > 0:54:55and living off their body reserves and going long periods without food,
0:54:55 > 0:54:58what we're seeing is, we're starting to push these bears
0:54:58 > 0:55:00to their physiological limits,
0:55:00 > 0:55:02and as they're pushed to the limits of their body reserves,
0:55:02 > 0:55:06obviously, that has implications for their survival.
0:55:08 > 0:55:10More than any other predator,
0:55:10 > 0:55:12the polar bear has evolved to cope
0:55:12 > 0:55:16with dramatic changes in the Arctic seasons.
0:55:16 > 0:55:19But with the current pace of climate change,
0:55:19 > 0:55:22the bears simply cannot adapt fast enough.
0:55:24 > 0:55:27If polar bears are to survive,
0:55:27 > 0:55:29we will all have to play our part.
0:55:39 > 0:55:42DR ULLAS KARANTH: If people do smart things,
0:55:42 > 0:55:44like different ways of producing energy,
0:55:44 > 0:55:47I think we will have room for large predators,
0:55:47 > 0:55:50as well as people living really well.
0:55:51 > 0:55:54- JOHN CALAMBOKIDIS:- If humans are going to survive on this Earth
0:55:54 > 0:55:56and do so in harmony with other species,
0:55:56 > 0:55:59we're going to have to find a more sustainable way to live than we do.
0:55:59 > 0:56:01And a lot of that is going to have to involve
0:56:01 > 0:56:03lower levels of consumption.
0:56:03 > 0:56:04We have to accept the fact that
0:56:04 > 0:56:07we can't just blindly go on the trajectory we're currently on
0:56:07 > 0:56:09and expect things to work out well.
0:56:09 > 0:56:11We've got to make changes.
0:56:12 > 0:56:15CRAIG PACKER: We need to start thinking about the ways
0:56:15 > 0:56:17the whole world can contribute.
0:56:17 > 0:56:19These precious animals belong to all of us.
0:56:19 > 0:56:23These are a world resource and the world as a whole should
0:56:23 > 0:56:25guard these animals against poachers,
0:56:25 > 0:56:28habitat loss and protect them into the future.
0:56:32 > 0:56:36If we can't save the planet's most charismatic predators,
0:56:36 > 0:56:40what hope is there for the rest of the natural world?
0:56:42 > 0:56:45Wildlife has the power to recover
0:56:45 > 0:56:47and people have the power to change.
0:56:48 > 0:56:52What happens next depends on us.