:00:21. > :00:25.Organisation the eurozone risks falling into severe recession. Sri
:00:25. > :00:30.Lanka's former army chief who led the controversial military campaign
:00:30. > :00:36.against the Tamil Tigers tells the BBC is country must co-operate with
:00:36. > :00:40.international war crimes probe. -- his country must. And Falcon nine
:00:40. > :00:45.has lived off on the first commercial flight taking cargo to
:00:45. > :00:51.the International Space Station. Welcome to BBC World News. Also in
:00:51. > :00:57.the programme, the crisis of youth unemployment. The UN rule -- warns
:00:57. > :01:00.that 75 million people under 24 are now out of work. And Qantas splits
:01:00. > :01:10.its international and domestic operations, hoping its business
:01:10. > :01:19.
:01:19. > :01:22.There is a fresh warning that the crisis in the eurozone is the
:01:22. > :01:27.biggest threat to the recovery of the world's economy. A new report
:01:27. > :01:30.says opportunities must now be taken to tackle the problems. The
:01:30. > :01:34.OECD findings come after the International Labour Organisation
:01:34. > :01:37.said youth unemployment, particularly in Europe, remains at
:01:37. > :01:40.crisis levels with no sign of improvement for at least another
:01:40. > :01:47.four years. The split between Europe's leaders on whether to
:01:47. > :01:51.spend or cut their way out of debt appears to be widening.
:01:51. > :01:55.Europe is receiving a cocktail of messages from different
:01:55. > :01:59.institutions weighing into the debate about its economy. One in
:01:59. > :02:00.debate about its economy. One in five young people are unemployed,
:02:00. > :02:06.warns the International Labour warns the International Labour
:02:06. > :02:10.Organisation. Followed by the 34 member OECD, that gave a measured
:02:10. > :02:14.forecast that the economy could pick up, but also of the
:02:14. > :02:18.consequences of getting it wrong. In the euro area, which remains the
:02:18. > :02:24.most significant single area of risk in the global economy, had
:02:24. > :02:29.moved away from the edge of the cliff, things had begin to
:02:29. > :02:34.deteriorate again recently. So we cannot rule out the development of
:02:34. > :02:39.a downsize scenario, which if ignited, could lead to serious
:02:39. > :02:43.repercussions worldwide. Further interest rate cuts were needed at
:02:43. > :02:48.the European Central Bank. Confidence had to be restored in
:02:48. > :02:55.banks and governments, and for that, there needed to be changes in the
:02:55. > :02:59.way things were done. It is high time to go and structural.
:02:59. > :03:06.Structural reforms are not only the best short-term remedy left but
:03:06. > :03:10.they also offer multiple dividends. But with the left gaining ground,
:03:10. > :03:15.technocratic pragmatism is coming face-to-face with democratic
:03:16. > :03:21.politics. Greece is the test case. One populist leader arguing for
:03:21. > :03:25.policies that, in the eyes of many economists, simply don't make sense.
:03:25. > :03:29.TRANSLATION: Your presence gives us strength for the fight that we
:03:29. > :03:35.fight, because we are fighting for everyone in Europe. We are going to
:03:35. > :03:39.win, all together. The euro crisis is a global one, with a warning now
:03:39. > :03:44.from the International Monetary Fund of how it could impact on non-
:03:44. > :03:48.euro Britain. The stresses in the euro area affect the UK through
:03:48. > :03:54.many channels. Growth is too slow and unemployment, including youth
:03:54. > :04:02.unemployment, too high. In Spain, teachers' strike over austerity
:04:02. > :04:06.cuts, claiming long-term education will be damaged. A common seen in
:04:06. > :04:16.Europe now, as it decides whether voters or markets are best to
:04:16. > :04:21.The OECD report, is there any glimmer of good news? There is, on
:04:21. > :04:27.one hand. To summarise what the OECD said, it is important. It is a
:04:27. > :04:33.very influential think tank. It says it seems to be the one thing
:04:33. > :04:37.which could throw the whole global economy of truck -- off-track. The
:04:37. > :04:43.OECD points out in its report that there is the recovery going on,
:04:43. > :04:48.there is a small recovery. It is pointing towards recovery picking
:04:48. > :04:52.up in China and Brazil. In Japan there were figures for the Japanese
:04:52. > :04:59.GDP which were very encouraging. But the eurozone could throw all of
:04:59. > :05:07.that out of the window. Those in France might say, look, what is
:05:07. > :05:10.happening there. They might even say that the euro cannot afford to
:05:10. > :05:13.do that kind of thing because they are at the whim of the markets. The
:05:13. > :05:18.argument seems to be heading more towards the idea of growth rather
:05:18. > :05:25.than austerity, and this is the great attention that is being set
:05:25. > :05:29.up. Youth unemployment, one of the symptoms of the problems facing the
:05:29. > :05:35.eurozone. The UN agency in charge of workers' rights has said that
:05:35. > :05:39.the number of young people aged 15 to 24 without jobs now stands at
:05:39. > :05:43.almost 75 million worldwide. This is a figure that has risen by 4
:05:43. > :05:50.million since 2007. Some of the highest rates of unemployment are
:05:50. > :06:00.in the EU. That is where one in five under 24s are looking for jobs.
:06:00. > :06:01.
:06:01. > :06:05.In some figures -- some countries the figure is far higher. They risk
:06:05. > :06:10.becoming increasingly detached from society altogether, and becoming
:06:10. > :06:16.long-term unemployable. relatively large share of young
:06:16. > :06:19.people are detached from the labour market. At the risk of dropping out
:06:19. > :06:23.of education systems, and it is very important that there are young
:06:23. > :06:29.people, especially at the bottom of the Labour Market, who have an
:06:29. > :06:35.opportunity to train, educate, or find a proper job. Onto some
:06:35. > :06:38.corporate news from Australia. Qantas has been on the rise after
:06:38. > :06:44.the airline announced radical restructurings plans, effectively
:06:44. > :06:49.splitting the company in two. This is one of the biggest changes
:06:49. > :06:53.to the structure of Qantas since it was formed in 1920. The business
:06:53. > :06:57.being split in two, separating domestic flights from international
:06:57. > :07:02.ones. The new ventures will each have their own chief executive,
:07:02. > :07:07.able to establish different plans for growth. Qantas has seen half
:07:07. > :07:12.yearly profits fall by 80%, the result of high fuel costs, a strong
:07:12. > :07:17.Australian dollar and weak passenger demand. The current boss,
:07:17. > :07:21.Alan Joyce, will stay on to oversee both new ventures. He is regarded
:07:21. > :07:28.as a tough but effective leader, who can return the company to
:07:28. > :07:33.profitability. But will it all work? Well splitting Qantas in two
:07:33. > :07:36.be enough to revive this proud national carrier. No one really
:07:36. > :07:40.knows until it has been given the chance to work over the next few
:07:40. > :07:44.months. A critical time for an airline with a long and impressive
:07:44. > :07:48.history. The move to divide the company comes a day after Alan
:07:48. > :07:53.Joyce announced around 500 job losses at the Quantas maintenance
:07:53. > :08:00.operation, reducing the number of plants from 3-two. The measure
:08:00. > :08:06.challenged by the unions, but seen by Qantas as one more key step to
:08:06. > :08:10.reducing costs. Now to Japan. Bearing in mind what
:08:10. > :08:17.I was saying about Japanese growth, there has been a downgrade from
:08:17. > :08:22.Japan from Fitch credit agency. It has cut Japan's sovereign debt to
:08:23. > :08:27.AA, from double-A. The country struggles through much-needed tax
:08:27. > :08:32.hikes, trying to rein in national debt. Its national debt amounts to
:08:32. > :08:35.more than twice gross national product, although most of that debt
:08:35. > :08:39.is held domestically. Another casualty of the eurozone
:08:39. > :08:44.crisis, profits on Vodafone. The telecoms giant has been forced to
:08:44. > :08:51.write down the value of its assets by over $6 billion in Italy, Spain,
:08:51. > :08:58.Portugal and 1C. Pre- tax profits to 31st March were $15 billion, but
:08:58. > :09:05.the world's largest operator was forced to cut its operating profits
:09:05. > :09:09.Apple is getting stronger, according to a survey of brand
:09:09. > :09:14.values. Samsung appears to be gaining ground, as do brands from
:09:14. > :09:23.rising markets, reflecting the spending power of the so-called
:09:23. > :09:28.BRIC economies. Let's have a quick look at the markets. The European
:09:28. > :09:34.markets, all of them are up. Talk about increased stimulus policy
:09:34. > :09:39.being put into place by China, some comments at the weekend from the
:09:39. > :09:43.Chinese authorities. And also, the meeting later on this week amongst
:09:43. > :09:48.the eurozone countries, again hoping for some kind of stimulation
:09:48. > :09:51.of the economy. We hope. We all want growth. Thank you very
:09:51. > :10:01.much. Let's catch up with some of the
:10:01. > :10:11.rest of the day's news. Sri Lanka's former army chief, President Obama,
:10:11. > :10:13.
:10:13. > :10:23.The UN said the military killed tens of thousands at the time and
:10:23. > :10:27.
:10:27. > :10:31.Sarath Fonseka told the BBC's reporter how he felt to be released.
:10:31. > :10:36.If I produce behind bars, later on I put you out, what do you feel
:10:36. > :10:43.about it? What about the terms of your release? We be able to re-
:10:43. > :10:50.enter politics or you forbidden from doing that? I have completed
:10:50. > :10:57.the prison sentence already. Unless they reverse it, I can't do
:10:57. > :11:02.politics. As it is, we don't know exactly what the agreement is, but
:11:02. > :11:08.we will know. Would you like to re- enter the political arena and to
:11:08. > :11:12.challenge Mahinda Rajapaksa for the presidency again? Yes. It is not
:11:12. > :11:17.but I want to become the President of the country or something. My
:11:17. > :11:22.intention is not to contest fought the presidency and become the
:11:22. > :11:25.President of the country. I have a political agenda to change the
:11:25. > :11:30.cultural agenda in this country. March, the United States sponsored
:11:30. > :11:34.a resolution at the un Human Rights Council, critical on human rights
:11:34. > :11:37.performance in tracker, saying it's to do more on reconciliation and
:11:37. > :11:44.accountability for alleged war crimes -- performance in Sri Lankan.
:11:44. > :11:51.That was passed. Did you welcome that? Straight away, we agree.
:11:51. > :11:55.Violations of human rights and the reconciliation, yes, it is a must.
:11:55. > :12:00.The war crimes, there are various different opinions. We have to
:12:00. > :12:08.argue with that, argue it out, clarify any doubts, so that those
:12:08. > :12:16.who are pointing out special issues, I believe they must point out
:12:16. > :12:20.specific issues. The way some people hide their face, they give
:12:20. > :12:24.the impressions to the rest of the world that these people are guilty
:12:24. > :12:29.already. I am ready to answer any allegations about war crimes in
:12:29. > :12:33.relation to the military operations. That is my position.
:12:34. > :12:43.The former army chief of Trafalgar, Sarath Fonseka.
:12:44. > :12:53.
:12:53. > :12:59.Five, 4, 3, 2, 1, zero, and launch of the space -- the SpaceX Falcon
:12:59. > :13:05.nine rocket. The American company, SpaceX, launched a rocket from Cape
:13:05. > :13:09.Canaveral in Florida. It carries a capsule packed with �1,000 of space
:13:09. > :13:12.station provisions and is expected to reach the space station in a few
:13:12. > :13:22.days' time. Coming up, we will take a dip with
:13:22. > :13:26.
:13:26. > :13:30.robofish, the latest weapon in the NATO leaders have wrapped up the
:13:30. > :13:34.summit in Chicago, promising full support to Afghanistan whilst also
:13:34. > :13:38.saying they will withdraw troops by 2014. But that deadline may not be
:13:38. > :13:42.the end of Western involvement. Barack Obama says his strategic
:13:42. > :13:48.partnership with President Karzai means a long-term relationship with
:13:48. > :13:57.Afghanistan is likely. Caroline Wyatt is in Chicago.
:13:57. > :14:04.NATO, not unexpectedly, his deeming the summit a success. An agreement
:14:04. > :14:10.has been reached with the money nations that contributes to the
:14:10. > :14:14.ISAF in Afghanistan for what happens next. The communique at the
:14:14. > :14:19.end of the summit has said that the Afghan forces will be in the lead
:14:19. > :14:23.on security by the middle of 2013. That should allow time for them to
:14:23. > :14:27.bed in, but also for NATO forces to still be there if there are
:14:27. > :14:31.problems for the Afghan national forces. On the side of NATO, it
:14:31. > :14:36.hasn't managed to reach a deal with Pakistan on the issue of reopening
:14:36. > :14:39.supply routes to the south, which are very important for NATO, not
:14:39. > :14:43.least as they withdraw something like 122,000 shipping containers
:14:43. > :14:47.worth of equipment that they have, 70,000 armoured vehicles, many of
:14:47. > :14:51.which will need to go home after the combat is over. That is pretty
:14:51. > :14:54.key. President Zardari has gone back to Pakistan saying he will
:14:54. > :14:58.talk to officials to instruct them that this deal must be made. That
:14:58. > :15:03.is something that will be a continuation from the summit,
:15:03. > :15:08.pretty key for me to itself. The other world leaders go home after a
:15:08. > :15:11.very long period -- pretty key for NATO itself. The other world
:15:11. > :15:19.leaders are probably satisfied that the cracks have not appeared too
:15:19. > :15:22.wide. Where it leaves Afghanistan, that remains to be seen. David
:15:22. > :15:26.Cameron said Afghanistan should not be abandoned by its NATO and the
:15:26. > :15:28.Taliban had been defeated on the battlefield. The Taliban and people
:15:28. > :15:31.of Afghanistan may see that different league. They have had a
:15:31. > :15:35.lot of assurances about what happens next but I think the proof
:15:35. > :15:38.of whether the Afghan national security forces can cope in the way
:15:38. > :15:45.that NATO's says they can will be seen in the coming months in
:15:45. > :15:48.Several protestors have been arrested in Azerbaijan's capital,
:15:48. > :15:49.Baku, ahead of the Eurovision Song Contest this weekend. Police
:15:49. > :15:59.carried away opposition supporters after authorities refused
:15:59. > :16:07.
:16:07. > :16:09.This is BBC World News. I'm Geeta Gurumurthy. The headlines:
:16:09. > :16:12.The organisation tasked with assisting governments with the
:16:12. > :16:14.economy says there is a risk of the eurozone falling into a severe
:16:14. > :16:17.recession. Sri Lanka's former army chief
:16:17. > :16:23.Sarath Fonseka tells the BBC that his country must co-operate with
:16:23. > :16:26.any war crimes investigation. Egyptians are getting ready to
:16:26. > :16:29.elect a President, the first leadership vote since the toppling
:16:29. > :16:32.of former President Hosni Mubarak last year. His 30-year rule was
:16:32. > :16:38.brought to an end by a wave of protests focussed on Tahrir Square
:16:38. > :16:48.in Cairo. But as John Leyne reports, Egypt's next leader is likely to be
:16:48. > :16:49.
:16:49. > :16:54.decided by voters outside the Politics always takes second place
:16:54. > :16:57.to the price of cattle out here on market day. But these Egyptian
:16:57. > :17:03.villages are clearly enjoying the opportunity to choose their
:17:03. > :17:08.President. After years in which they have been taken for granted.
:17:08. > :17:15.TRANSLATION: In the past, if they said Hosni Mubarak, it was Hosni
:17:15. > :17:22.Mubarak. Now we have 13 to choose from.
:17:22. > :17:28.As we talk, the crowd pushes him. Who is going to vote? Lots of hands.
:17:28. > :17:32.Lots of different choices. To understand the selection better we
:17:32. > :17:37.travelled even deeper into the countryside. This is where it could
:17:37. > :17:41.well be decided. Most Egyptians still live out here, not in the big
:17:41. > :17:45.cities. On the face of it, not much has changed in Egypt since the
:17:45. > :17:49.revolution but look more deeply and you will find people thinking for
:17:49. > :17:54.themselves, speaking their own mind for the first time. That's what
:17:55. > :17:59.makes this whole election so unpredictable. Someone always used
:17:59. > :18:05.to tell these people how to vote. The ruling party, the head of the
:18:05. > :18:11.family. Now the candidates have to fight for their support. Egyptians
:18:11. > :18:15.like Gamal who is a vote is keenly sought. Women in the villagers now
:18:15. > :18:21.make up the highest proportion of undecided voters. It's a huge
:18:21. > :18:25.political and social change. TRANSLATION: I just want everything
:18:25. > :18:31.to be stable. I want the problems here to be over so life can be
:18:31. > :18:39.better. Have you decide who to vote for? Tellingly, she looks at her
:18:39. > :18:46.husband. Not completely independent yet. Her husband Mohammed says,
:18:46. > :18:51.since the revolution, crime has increased, prices are going up.
:18:52. > :18:55.TRANSLATION: God willing, things will change after the election and
:18:56. > :19:01.a good person will take us out of this crisis to safety, because our
:19:01. > :19:05.lives are getting harder. This very conservative country is in the
:19:05. > :19:10.throes of dramatic change. No wonder the voters are having
:19:10. > :19:16.trouble making up their minds. After all, it is the first free
:19:16. > :19:24.vote for almost 5,000 years. The BBC's Lyse Doucet is in Cairo
:19:24. > :19:30.for us now. How interest there are people in the prospect of this
:19:30. > :19:35.historic vote? Who is the front- runner? I have to say that reading
:19:35. > :19:41.the opinion polls we had the observation that there's lots of
:19:41. > :19:44.undecided voters in these elections. Some say it could be as many as 30%.
:19:44. > :19:48.When we have travelled across different neighbourhoods of Cairo,
:19:48. > :19:53.it was interesting to see how many Egyptians had a very strong views
:19:53. > :19:58.about who they wanted to see for their President. Everywhere we went
:19:58. > :20:06.there was no clear front-runner. That's one of the most important
:20:06. > :20:10.things about this election. It's truly open. Just judging by the
:20:10. > :20:15.kind of debate we have been seen on the streets by the election posters,
:20:15. > :20:19.and the real excitement about when the first presidential debates were
:20:19. > :20:27.held here, on television, the first ever in the Arab world. This is
:20:27. > :20:32.being seen as a crucial moment in this country sister -- history.
:20:32. > :20:36.What about the controversial role of the military? This is a really
:20:37. > :20:40.big question. First of all, let's point out that this election for
:20:40. > :20:44.president is taking place before the powers of the President had
:20:44. > :20:50.been spelt out in a new constitution and one of the key
:20:50. > :20:54.aspect will be what will the powers of the military be? After six
:20:54. > :20:59.decades of virtually unchallenged military dominance, in this country,
:20:59. > :21:05.in the economy, society, will there be a President who tries to curtail
:21:05. > :21:10.the powers, helped by a new constitution? Will be defence
:21:10. > :21:13.budget be scrutinised? Some say the military should go on trial for
:21:13. > :21:19.what they regard as some of the crimes committed by the military.
:21:19. > :21:28.It's a huge issue in this election. It's a huge issue in Egypt today.
:21:28. > :21:32.No one can say with certainty how it will unfold. Thanks very much.
:21:32. > :21:35.Would you be prepared to take part in a medical trial? A recent survey
:21:35. > :21:38.in the UK found that nearly three quarters of people would. The BBC
:21:38. > :21:41.has found out that some research companies have seen a huge rise in
:21:41. > :21:45.the number of applicants. Jenny Hill's been given exclusive access
:21:45. > :21:49.to two medical trials. No one knows how they might react.
:21:49. > :21:54.You're looking at a phase one clinical trial. The pharmaceutical
:21:54. > :22:01.company won't tell us what kind of drug these people have taken. But
:22:01. > :22:06.we do know it's being checked for potential side effects to the heart.
:22:06. > :22:11.We do need new medicine as a requirement. This many medical
:22:11. > :22:15.areas where we have a big need and obviously we couldn't do our work
:22:15. > :22:20.if there were not people volunteering to participate. We met
:22:20. > :22:24.some of the regular volunteers here. Trials can last days or weeks.
:22:24. > :22:32.Participants are paid often thousands of pounds. Lisa signed up
:22:32. > :22:37.to fund a family holiday. My mum was the most worried, I think
:22:37. > :22:41.because she was not just worried for me, for the drug testing and
:22:41. > :22:45.the side-effects, but also the actual effect on my children and
:22:45. > :22:48.how it would psychologically affect them so, yeah, it was quite tough.
:22:48. > :22:54.Claudiu's a medical student about to start his seventh trial. He,
:22:54. > :23:00.like all volunteers, has to leave a three-month gap between each trial.
:23:00. > :23:06.It's really important because humanity has to advance. It doesn't
:23:06. > :23:10.need to stay where it is. It needs to improve, to put on the market
:23:10. > :23:13.drugs which have fewer side-effects and which are more efficient.
:23:13. > :23:17.what are the risks? In 2006, an private trial based at this London
:23:17. > :23:21.hospital went badly wrong. Six men ended up intensive care after
:23:21. > :23:24.taking an anti-inflammatory drug. Since then, regulations governing
:23:24. > :23:27.clinical trials have been tightened, And that's why at this research
:23:27. > :23:37.company they believe they've seen a huge increase in the number of
:23:37. > :23:38.
:23:38. > :23:41.They specialise in cold and flu medication. The recession they say
:23:41. > :23:50.had an impact too. Last year, 10,000 potential volunteers
:23:50. > :23:54.contacted them. Already this year that number has more than doubled.
:23:54. > :23:59.This facility is now in lockdown, and number of healthy volunteers
:23:59. > :24:03.have been placed into quarantine and infected with a weakened form
:24:03. > :24:08.of the flu virus and then given the drug which is currently being
:24:08. > :24:13.tested. This is as far as we can go because they are just the other
:24:13. > :24:23.side of that door. They will be in there for a couple of weeks earning
:24:23. > :24:32.
:24:32. > :24:36.nearly �4,000. We were able to Back at Richmond Pharmacology it
:24:36. > :24:40.should be a quiet night. Too much movement could interfere with the
:24:40. > :24:50.results of the trial. Results which will determine whether this drug
:24:50. > :24:50.
:24:50. > :24:54.goes on to become an licensed A passenger train has crashed into
:24:54. > :24:57.a freight train in southern India bursting into flames. At least 15
:24:57. > :25:00.people are thought to have been killed with 35 more injured. The
:25:00. > :25:05.freight train had been stopped at a station near Penukonda when the
:25:05. > :25:07.Hampi express slammed into the back of it.
:25:08. > :25:11.A magnitude 5.6 earthquake has struck Bulgaria near the capital,
:25:11. > :25:16.Sofia, causing residents to rush into the streets. The quake hit at
:25:16. > :25:19.3am local time some 20 kilometres west of Sofia. There are no reports
:25:19. > :25:28.of deaths or injuries, but a number of heavy aftershocks have shaken
:25:28. > :25:31.the region. The financial cost of water
:25:31. > :25:33.pollution around the world is vast and it can cause untold damage to
:25:33. > :25:36.the environment. Now scientists have come up with an unusual
:25:36. > :25:40.solution to the problem and it comes in the shape of a robotic
:25:40. > :25:44.fish. On patrol for hidden pollution,
:25:44. > :25:48.this is Robofish. Today, several were being put to the test in this
:25:48. > :25:53.harbour. They are the latest hi- tech attempt to keep our water is
:25:53. > :25:57.clean. This robotic fish may have been inspired by nature but it can
:25:57. > :26:02.do much more. It is packed full of sensors and using artificial
:26:02. > :26:07.intelligence, it can hunt down contamination and reported back to
:26:07. > :26:12.shore in real time. Once it is in, it can work alone. Without any
:26:12. > :26:16.control from the researchers. Just like a real fish, it can manoeuvre
:26:16. > :26:20.easily through the water. If you want to do pollution readings, you
:26:20. > :26:25.have to get divers to go down and take samples but with these fish,
:26:25. > :26:30.they can run autonomously and do it for you. But further than that, if
:26:30. > :26:34.anything happens, these fish can find a leak and tracked down the
:26:34. > :26:40.source of it so we can put a stop to it straight away and reduce
:26:40. > :26:44.pollution at sea. For the moment, these prototypes cost $30,000 each.
:26:44. > :26:51.The next challenge for the team is to cut those costs so they could
:26:51. > :26:54.become a permanent presence in our waters.