:00:16. > :00:19.top stories: Facing a criminal investigation, is he whistleblower
:00:19. > :00:24.or traitor? The man who leaked details of how the US is monitoring
:00:24. > :00:28.phone calls and internet data goes public. I think the public is owed
:00:28. > :00:32.an explanation of the motivations and the people who made these
:00:32. > :00:36.disclosures from outside the democratic model.
:00:36. > :00:39.The South African government says former President Nelson Mandela is
:00:39. > :00:43.in intensive care, his condition is unchanged and remain serious but
:00:43. > :00:45.stable. A special report on how Iran might
:00:45. > :00:50.be planning to isolate its internet connections from the rest of the
:00:50. > :00:54.world. And could it be the first signs of
:00:54. > :01:04.life on Mars? We explore news of a significant discovery made by
:01:04. > :01:18.
:01:19. > :01:22.Hello. As he served his country or betrayed it? Edward Snowden is
:01:22. > :01:26.thought to be in Hong Kong, though he can't confirm that, after
:01:26. > :01:31.confessing to one of the biggest breaches of security in the history
:01:31. > :01:35.of US intelligence. The former CIA technician has revealed details of a
:01:35. > :01:39.top-secret global surveillance system, code-named Prism, which
:01:39. > :01:46.gathers information about millions of phonecalls and e-mails every
:01:46. > :01:50.day. The US Justice Department has opened a criminal investigation.
:01:50. > :01:56.Unmasked in a video on the Guardian's website, Edward Snowden,
:01:56. > :02:01.the spy who came in from the cold. The NSA specifically targets the
:02:01. > :02:05.communications of everyone, it in jest them by default, it collects
:02:05. > :02:08.them in its system and filters and analyses and measures and stores
:02:09. > :02:14.them for periods of time, Sibley because that is the easiest and most
:02:14. > :02:17.efficient and most valuable way to achieve these ends -- simply
:02:17. > :02:21.because. Snowden said he had becoming creasing the dismayed by
:02:22. > :02:25.what he saw the growing power of the NSA, hence his decision to pass on
:02:25. > :02:29.documents which are said to reveal not only that the organisation
:02:29. > :02:32.monitored millions of phonecalls, but that it had direct access to
:02:32. > :02:38.some of the biggest internet companies in the world. You can't
:02:38. > :02:41.come forward against the world 's most powerful intelligence agencies
:02:41. > :02:48.and be completely free from risk, because they are such powerful
:02:48. > :02:51.adverse is, that no one can oppose them. President Obama denied that
:02:51. > :02:53.the government was listening into private telephone conversations and
:02:53. > :02:58.said that some surveillance was necessary in order to prevent
:02:58. > :03:03.terrorist attacks. Meanwhile, the Director of National Intelligence
:03:03. > :03:07.said in a statement that his office was reviewing the damaged caused by
:03:07. > :03:11.the recent disclosures and warned anyone with security clearance that
:03:11. > :03:16.he or she had an obligation to protect classified information and
:03:16. > :03:20.abide by the law. Even though our president campaigned on a platform
:03:20. > :03:26.of openness and transparency, he has been very tough on any information
:03:26. > :03:32.that embarrasses the United States. If you expose illegal conduct by the
:03:33. > :03:36.United States, you are really going to get nailed. As for Edward
:03:36. > :03:41.Snowden, there is no word yet on whether the United States government
:03:41. > :03:46.intends to try to extradite him to stand trial on American soil. He is
:03:46. > :03:51.thought to be keen to seek political asylum in Iceland, a country that
:03:51. > :03:54.has long championed internet freedom, but for now, as far as his
:03:54. > :04:02.plight is concerned committee says he is satisfied with what he did and
:04:02. > :04:07.that he has no regrets. Edward Snowden did apparently flee
:04:07. > :04:11.to Hong Kong before going public. He was interviewed by the Guardian in
:04:11. > :04:17.Hong Kong last week. I asked the reporter from the Guardian if his
:04:17. > :04:22.newspaper should have published the story. There is a balance between
:04:22. > :04:31.overarching state surveillance and which we could argue is about
:04:31. > :04:36.security, and privacy. For me, the threat posed by al-Qaeda since 9/11
:04:36. > :04:43.seems fairly minor, there have been no major attacks on the US mainland.
:04:43. > :04:47.And yet there has been huge growth in this surveillance state. This is
:04:47. > :04:49.what Edward Snowden was concerned about. Many people will pick you up
:04:50. > :04:56.on that, because the number of terror attacks globally is still
:04:56. > :05:00.pretty huge. What is Edward Snowden's plan now? Does he expect
:05:00. > :05:08.to stay in Hong Kong or will he try to go to somewhere like Iceland?
:05:08. > :05:13.doesn't know. As part of his courage, as soon as he went... He
:05:13. > :05:21.opted not to remain anonymous, that took courage. He knows that his life
:05:21. > :05:24.is effectively over, as it was. He knows that one of the likeliest
:05:24. > :05:29.options is that he could be extradited to the United States and
:05:29. > :05:35.face the rest of his life in prison. What sort of level of family and
:05:35. > :05:38.friends does he have, is he worried about them? It is his biggest
:05:38. > :05:43.concern, that they will be intimidated and face harassment as a
:05:43. > :05:49.result of what he has done. His girlfriend was in Hawaii, she has
:05:49. > :05:55.gone back to the US. His family is in the US. That is what is causing
:05:55. > :05:59.the most concern. You have got more to come out? We have but whether we
:05:59. > :06:04.reported or not, we will have to make a strategic decision. --
:06:04. > :06:07.whether we report it or not. Ewen MacAskill of the Guardian saying
:06:07. > :06:12.that there might be more information to come from his source, Edward
:06:12. > :06:16.Snowden. It has emerged that his former --
:06:16. > :06:19.the former South African president, Nelson Mandela, is being treated in
:06:19. > :06:24.intensive care in hospital. A new statement was issued a little
:06:24. > :06:29.earlier and the BBC's Andrew Harding told me the details. In a very brief
:06:30. > :06:33.statement, the first we have had for almost 48 hours, in essence his
:06:33. > :06:38.condition is unchanged. He remains in hospital. The South African
:06:38. > :06:42.presidency has once again urged the nation to pray for Nelson Mandela.
:06:42. > :06:45.Also interesting, local media has been reporting yesterday and today
:06:45. > :06:53.that nonsense and other's family have been trying to restrict access
:06:53. > :07:01.to notes and Mandela -- that Nelson Mandela's family have been trying to
:07:01. > :07:05.restrict access to Nelson Mandela. It was said that there is no
:07:05. > :07:09.blockage on family members visiting Nelson Mandela and in that denial,
:07:09. > :07:13.he mentioned that Nelson Mandela is in intensive care. That had not been
:07:13. > :07:17.spelt out before but I don't think it will come as any particular
:07:17. > :07:25.surprise and doesn't change what we already knew about the seriousness
:07:25. > :07:28.of Nelson Mandela's health troubles. Police in Afghanistan say seven
:07:28. > :07:33.Taliban fighters have been killed after they attacked the main airport
:07:33. > :07:42.in Kabul. Civilian airports -- civilian flights were cancelled
:07:42. > :07:46.during the battle. Once again, Coble was woken by the
:07:47. > :07:51.sound of explosions and the rumble of gunfire -- Campbell was woken.
:07:52. > :07:56.This time the attack came from a building near the airport, next to a
:07:56. > :08:00.large Afghan army base. American troops have come only to keep an eye
:08:00. > :08:05.on what is going on with Afghan forces on the ground. This is an
:08:05. > :08:09.Afghan operation. US lack walks circled in the sky above on the
:08:09. > :08:16.ground, the fighting was all done by Afghan police and army units who
:08:17. > :08:21.have become far better at combating the insurgency -- US Blackhawks.
:08:21. > :08:25.proved we can foil any kind of attack, especially those conflicts
:08:25. > :08:30.and difficult terrorist attacks like today. Norwegian special forces
:08:30. > :08:35.soldiers who have been training and mentoring the crisis response kept
:08:35. > :08:38.watch. Exchanges of fire went on for three hours, with the Taliban firing
:08:38. > :08:44.rocket propelled grenades, setting light to vehicles in the streets
:08:44. > :08:49.around. The Taliban say they carried out this attack, the third to hit
:08:49. > :08:54.Kabul in a month. Within two months, lease entered the two buildings,
:08:54. > :08:59.moving floor to floor as they retook control.
:09:00. > :09:03.A series of bombings in a market in central Iraq has killed at least 13
:09:03. > :09:08.people and wounded many more. Officials say a suicide attack and
:09:08. > :09:12.two car bombs were detonated in a wholesale market close to the mainly
:09:12. > :09:17.Shi'ite town of Baquba, just north of Baghdad. It was packed with
:09:17. > :09:22.grocery stall owners buying goods for trading. No group has admitted
:09:22. > :09:26.carrying out the attack. It was a case that stirred simmering
:09:26. > :09:29.racial tensions in the US and later today it will finally come to
:09:29. > :09:33.court. A neighbourhood watch volunteers accused of murdering an
:09:33. > :09:40.unarmed 17-year-old as he walked through a gated estate for top
:09:41. > :09:46.Georgian and said he was acting in self defence -- George Zimmerman's
:09:46. > :09:51.family say he was acting in self defence. The 17-year-old was shot
:09:51. > :09:55.dead last year, in a case which has stirred passions and opened up deep
:09:55. > :10:01.divisions in America. He was walking through this gated community in
:10:01. > :10:06.Orlando. He was on arms, carrying a bag of sweets and iced tea. He had
:10:06. > :10:16.been spotted by George Zimmerman, a neighbourhood watch volunteer.
:10:16. > :10:27.
:10:27. > :10:31.Believing the teenager was acting the pair got into a scuffle, which
:10:31. > :10:37.ended with George Zimmerman pulling the trigger in what he says was an
:10:37. > :10:42.act of self defence. Trayvon Martin's family and supporters say
:10:42. > :10:47.it was in racially motivated attack. Across America there were
:10:47. > :10:51.protests, after it took six weeks for an arrest to be made. Over the
:10:52. > :10:54.coming weeks, witnesses will appear before the courts to prevent --
:10:54. > :10:59.present their version of what happened that fateful night. This is
:10:59. > :11:04.a case which will be closely watched across the United States. For what
:11:04. > :11:14.it has come to represent. The highly charged issue of race in today's
:11:14. > :11:15.
:11:15. > :11:18.America. We have been hearing about how the US is collecting details of
:11:19. > :11:22.phone and internet traffic across the world. In Iran it is feared the
:11:22. > :11:26.government there may be preparing to cut off access completely to
:11:27. > :11:29.international websites. Iran has been developing its own network,
:11:29. > :11:34.running in parallel with the World Wide Web. The fear is that
:11:34. > :11:40.ultimately it will be used to block access to sites like Google,
:11:41. > :11:44.Facebook and Twitter, which are hugely popular in Iran.
:11:44. > :11:47.Iran is a nation in love with the World Wide Web. It has the highest
:11:47. > :11:53.number of internet users in the middle east, but some people believe
:11:53. > :11:55.all that is about to change. This is one of the few official documents
:11:56. > :12:02.published about basic writ of government project known as the
:12:02. > :12:08.National internet. It doesn't give much away but I have discovered that
:12:08. > :12:13.it gives the authorities the option to cut the Iranians from the rest of
:12:13. > :12:18.cyberspace. At the moment when Iranians log onto other sites like
:12:18. > :12:22.Google, they do so via the World Wide Web. But when they access sites
:12:22. > :12:26.like banks and government departments, they do so through a
:12:26. > :12:31.new network that has been created inside the country. It means the
:12:31. > :12:36.government can now do something it has never done before. TRANSLATION:
:12:36. > :12:40.If Iran gets into a situation of unrest and political unrest -- risk,
:12:40. > :12:45.the government can push the off button and tell people, for now you
:12:45. > :12:50.can just use domestic websites. government says the National
:12:50. > :12:56.internet will be faster and will help to improve data security, by
:12:56. > :13:00.encouraging Iranians to use domestic rather than foreign sites. Critics
:13:00. > :13:06.believe there is a more sinister motive. The National internet, in
:13:06. > :13:16.essence, is the next step of the Iranian government to try to filter
:13:16. > :13:16.
:13:16. > :13:23.and disrupt the Iranian's public access to free information.
:13:23. > :13:26.Iranian public's access. After the controversial 2009 presidential
:13:27. > :13:31.elections, international websites prove to be a valuable weapon for
:13:31. > :13:35.opposition supporters in Iran. Protesters used social networks like
:13:35. > :13:38.YouTube to make the world aware of the widespread unrest. The
:13:38. > :13:44.introduction of the National internet could have stopped this
:13:44. > :13:52.happening again. The people of Iran have already had access to blogging
:13:52. > :13:58.and Twitter. Take that away, it is like taking away a necessity such as
:13:58. > :14:04.food or water. The question remains whether having set up the systems,
:14:05. > :14:09.the Iranian government would really take the drastic next step of making
:14:09. > :14:13.Iranian citizens disappear from the World Wide Web.
:14:14. > :14:18.Stay with us on BBC world News. Still to come, is there life on
:14:18. > :14:22.Mars? We will explore news of a significant discovery made by
:14:22. > :14:26.NASA's robot. And kinky boots, an American
:14:26. > :14:35.Broadway show based on a British film, is a runaway success at the
:14:36. > :14:41.stage equivalent of the Oscars. Heavy rain and flooding continues
:14:41. > :14:45.across much of central Europe. Thousands have been evacuated after
:14:45. > :14:50.a damn burst on the River Elbe. After a very wet spring, there is
:14:50. > :14:55.concern over two major European river system, where levels are
:14:55. > :14:59.higher than usual, they are the Danube and the Elbe. The water is
:14:59. > :15:03.five metres higher than it should be. The floods affecting central
:15:03. > :15:09.Europe have seen at least 21 people killed. Thousands evacuated from
:15:09. > :15:15.their homes and roads and rail services disrupted. Now the floods
:15:15. > :15:21.are moving east. In East Germany, the River Elbe, which runs through
:15:21. > :15:26.this city, is threatening to burst its banks. 23,000 people have had to
:15:26. > :15:32.be evacuated, after streets and buildings were flooded. Make-shift
:15:32. > :15:41.centres have been set up to provide beds and meales for those affected.
:15:41. > :15:47.The fire -- meals for those affected. Volunteers have used
:15:47. > :15:54.sandbags to try and keep the river at bay. In Warsaw, in Poland, the
:15:54. > :15:58.motorway looked more like a water way than a key route into the city.
:15:59. > :16:04.The city's subway station remains closed because of the floodwater. In
:16:04. > :16:08.Budapest, in Hungary, people held their breath, hoping the re-enforced
:16:08. > :16:14.defences would save the city from flooding. 16,000 emergency workers
:16:14. > :16:18.have been frantically shoring up the banks with sandbags. Authorities
:16:18. > :16:22.believe the floodwater has peaked here, but say it will be days before
:16:22. > :16:32.the river recedes to a safe level. In eastern Germany, more rain is
:16:32. > :16:36.forecast and with it the possibility of more flooding to come.
:16:36. > :16:43.The latest lines on this whole which has developed over security and the
:16:43. > :16:48.leak of the prison system. Number Ten have been playing down concerns
:16:48. > :16:54.that GCHQ, our security system here, have been using the US Security
:16:54. > :16:58.Services to gather intelligence on British citizens. Number Ten says
:16:58. > :17:08.GCHQ operates within a strong legal framework and with strong
:17:08. > :17:16.
:17:16. > :17:22.ministerial oversight. Mr Hague is criminal investigation, the
:17:22. > :17:28.whistle-blower who leaked details of how the US's monitoring day ta and
:17:28. > :17:32.phone calls goes public. The former President, Nelson Mandela, is in
:17:32. > :17:36.Intensive Care. His condition remains unchanged and he remains
:17:36. > :17:41.serious, but stable. In Pakistan, at least four people have been killed
:17:41. > :17:49.in an attack on lorries shipping NATO supplies to Afghanistan. The
:17:49. > :17:54.attack happened in the north-western region on a route used by NATO to
:17:54. > :17:59.carry supplies from Karachi. Over the past few months more than ten
:17:59. > :18:05.people have been killed and dozens of trucks damaged in similar
:18:05. > :18:13.attacks. Boss any ya remains as divided as ever, since the end of
:18:13. > :18:18.the war in 1995, it has been split into two entities.
:18:18. > :18:23.Within the federation, the day-to-day divisions are stark. Our
:18:23. > :18:29.Europe correspondent reports now from Mostar.
:18:29. > :18:35.In the corridors of the only ethnically-mixed school in Mostar.
:18:35. > :18:40.The only school where students study under the same roof. They hang out
:18:40. > :18:44.together, but even here their classes are divided. This is a
:18:45. > :18:49.geography class for Muslim students, all born after the war which tore
:18:49. > :18:53.this country apart. We should all go to same schools, that is what I
:18:54. > :19:00.think. I don't think it will change, at least for now.
:19:00. > :19:07.Many people still have bad memories of the war, so while they are still
:19:07. > :19:11.here nothing will change. Everything is just...
:19:11. > :19:15.TRANSLATION: It will stay that way so long as our current politicians
:19:16. > :19:20.are in charge. The school is right next to this road, which marked the
:19:20. > :19:24.front line during the war. Now, 18 years on, there are not just
:19:24. > :19:27.separate education systems, there are separate hospitals, separate
:19:27. > :19:33.phone companies, separate power companies. The problem with the
:19:33. > :19:37.peace treaty which ended the war is it entrenched Bosnia's divisions.
:19:37. > :19:42.And there is a growing sense of frustration.
:19:42. > :19:45.These protestors in Sarajevo are complaining of lack of economic
:19:45. > :19:50.opportunity and a sense of deadlock which has blighted the country.
:19:50. > :19:54.There is an air of unreality about a complex political system. I live
:19:54. > :20:01.here. I am born in Sarajevo. So many things I cannot understand - maybe
:20:01. > :20:06.because I am an artist, but my imagination and creation will never
:20:06. > :20:11.create such a stage as we have here now.
:20:11. > :20:16.Too many Bosnian politicians are too comfortable with the status quo.
:20:16. > :20:24.Compare that to neighbouring Croatia, about to join the EU, after
:20:24. > :20:29.pushing through wide-ranging refor. . You had politicians who had to
:20:29. > :20:35.react to imperatives. Here you don't. You have a fake democracy. It
:20:35. > :20:38.has beenal sci-fied. The milk industry is one which will
:20:38. > :20:42.suffer, even state-of-the-art factories like this T exports to
:20:42. > :20:47.Croatia will come to a grinding halt in a few weeks' time, because the
:20:47. > :20:52.Government has not met EU standards. We are pushing previous Governments
:20:52. > :20:58.and we are facing them with this problem, but they didn't do anything
:20:58. > :21:01.until now. This situation is getting really, really serious. So, a city
:21:01. > :21:06.accustomed to division will find itself behind a new dividing line.
:21:06. > :21:10.It is a little off the radar for now, but continues to pose an
:21:10. > :21:14.awkward challenge to the rest of Europe.
:21:14. > :21:18.Now, it may not be a welcoming committee of little green men, but
:21:18. > :21:24.scientists have made a significant discovery in their search for traces
:21:24. > :21:28.of life on Mars. Soil samples from the Rover robot have been found to
:21:28. > :21:33.contain clay minerals, which means water may have once flowed on the
:21:33. > :21:41.planet of a similar PH as to water here. Just to explain all that, our
:21:41. > :21:46.science correspondent is. We have known there is -- is here. We have
:21:46. > :21:52.known there has been water on Mars. What else do we know now? It is
:21:52. > :21:56.wetter. If you see it today it is not a pleasant place. Go back four
:21:56. > :22:01.billion years ago, 3.5 billion years, it was different - there was
:22:01. > :22:06.water flowing on the surface. What scientists have been looking for
:22:06. > :22:10.with the Mars Rovers is to try and find water conditions which were
:22:10. > :22:17.benign for life, where you could have got chemistry going which could
:22:17. > :22:24.have led to life. For that, ideally, you want water with a neutral PH.
:22:24. > :22:29.Currently, we are seeing now, in the last year or so, examples from the
:22:30. > :22:34.Rovers of neutral PH water so, the water we could drink flowing throw
:22:34. > :22:40.rocks on Mars. We have seen an opportunity now from the Opportunity
:22:40. > :22:45.Rover, the oldest rover, which has been reported over the weekend and
:22:45. > :22:50.by the Curiousty Rover, with I is halfway around the world of Mars,
:22:50. > :22:54.looking at rocks. It has seen this neutral PH signature in the rocks.
:22:54. > :23:03.It is a good sign. If we look at the picture behind me, it is the white
:23:03. > :23:08.rock here. This is a rock which NASA has found. It is the white-coloured
:23:08. > :23:13.veins you can see here. The old rover, it has been going for nine
:23:13. > :23:18.years on Mars, has to drive backwards because it cannot go
:23:18. > :23:22.forwards. It has looked at this rock and said, yes, there are probably
:23:22. > :23:27.clay minerals in here which means water has flow through and altered
:23:27. > :23:32.this rom. How old is this -- this rock. How old is this rock? Probably
:23:32. > :23:35.from about the first billion years of Mars. You cannot find rocks like
:23:35. > :23:41.that on Earth. So the oldest on Earth, you can get over three
:23:41. > :23:46.billion or so. You can find fragments of rocks on Earth, but
:23:46. > :23:53.whole rocks you cannot find on Earth. It is an interesting insight
:23:53. > :23:58.into the early history of Mars. shows where we all might be heading.
:23:58. > :24:04.Thank you. The awards that honour the achievements of Broadway Theatre
:24:04. > :24:14.have been given out in New York. The big winner this year is theern
:24:14. > :24:14.
:24:14. > :24:19.many-produced show -- the American -- American-produced show, Kinky
:24:20. > :24:24.Boots. It is a tale of acceptance. It is a story of the relationship
:24:25. > :24:29.between a shoe factory owner in Northampton and a drag Queen. It won
:24:29. > :24:35.six tonies overall, including Best Actor in a musical and for the score
:24:35. > :24:45.which came from pop Queen, Lauper laup, making her broad way -- Lauper
:24:45. > :24:50.laup, making her Broadway debut. Your hard work inspires me.
:24:50. > :24:54.British show mat till da had once been considered the front winner for
:24:54. > :25:02.Best Musical. This tells the story of a very
:25:02. > :25:08.clever young girl whole prevails in the face of abusive parents and a
:25:08. > :25:12.vindictive headmistress. The show's producers are pleased by its
:25:12. > :25:16.successful Broadway run. It is nice to think the show which opened in
:25:16. > :25:21.Stratford-upon-Avon a few years ago is here on broad way and being
:25:21. > :25:26.cherished by the home of musical theatre, which is fantastic.
:25:26. > :25:35.Another American musical that did well, winning four trophies was a
:25:35. > :25:41.revival of Pippin. Hollywood star Tom Hanks went home empty-handed. It
:25:41. > :25:46.was a good night for black actors, several key top awards going to
:25:46. > :25:50.African Americans. They are the top award and for those plays and
:25:50. > :25:55.musicals which have won, the result of the publicity has brought about a
:25:55. > :26:00.boost at the box office. That is good news for the New York theatre
:26:00. > :26:03.world, in a season where admissions have fallen. At least the night's
:26:03. > :26:12.winning musical, Kinky Boots, is bringing in the money, more than �1
:26:12. > :26:18.million every week. Just to remind you of our top story
:26:18. > :26:22.before we go - a former CIA competer expert, Edward Snowden, says he is
:26:22. > :26:25.responsible for leaking information that the US authorities have been
:26:25. > :26:30.collecting phone and data information around the world.
:26:30. > :26:34.A criminal investigation has been launched. Mr Snowden has voluntarily
:26:34. > :26:38.revealed his identity and is now believed to be in Hong Kong. That is
:26:38. > :26:42.where he originally went to. And just to let you know as well, the
:26:43. > :26:48.Government here, in London, Downing Street have, in the last hour or so,
:26:48. > :26:50.sought to play down any concerns that GCHQ might have been using the