:00:08. > :00:13.Hello, our top stories: As Ukraine remains divided whether its future
:00:14. > :00:18.lies with the EU or Russia, President Yanukovych is in Moscow
:00:19. > :00:22.for talks on economic ties. Kim Jong Un leads tributes on the
:00:23. > :00:26.second anniversary of the death of his father, days after executing his
:00:27. > :00:28.uncle. A United States judge rules that
:00:29. > :00:32.mass electronic surveillance of phone calls and emails - exposed by
:00:33. > :00:35.Edward Snowden - is unconstitutional.
:00:36. > :00:36.And we look at the photographer who gave Americans their first glimpses
:00:37. > :00:59.of life in Africa. Ukraine's president Viktor
:01:00. > :01:02.Yanukovych is due to meet his Russian counterpart in Moscow around
:01:03. > :01:07.now, amid a growing sense of crisis over whether Ukraine should look
:01:08. > :01:11.East or West. The talks in Moscow could secure a substantial loan for
:01:12. > :01:15.Ukraine and a reduction in the price it pays for gas from Russia. But
:01:16. > :01:19.that's not likely to please thousands of demonstrators on the
:01:20. > :01:25.streets of Kiev who want closer ties with Europe instead.
:01:26. > :01:28.A short time ago I spoke to our correspondent in Moscow, Steve
:01:29. > :01:33.Rosenberg. He told me what's expected from the talks in Moscow
:01:34. > :01:37.today. These talks are all about the stink up a, closer cooperation
:01:38. > :01:42.between Russia and Ukraine. Something of a strategic
:01:43. > :01:47.partnership, but the key question is how" and certainly the pro-Europe
:01:48. > :01:52.protesters in Kiev feel that in return, in exchange for loans and
:01:53. > :01:57.possibly cheaper gas, president Unicode which could commit Ukraine
:01:58. > :02:02.at some point to joining the Russian led customs union. That is something
:02:03. > :02:06.the protesters are completely against because they want
:02:07. > :02:09.integration with Europe. As of these talks, Ukrainian official said that
:02:10. > :02:12.wouldn't happen, there wouldn't be any signing of any agreement that
:02:13. > :02:20.Ukraine would join the customs union. But the protesters don't
:02:21. > :02:25.believe that and are waiting to see what agreements are signed. What
:02:26. > :02:31.will that union mean if Ukraine does join it? In simple terms it will
:02:32. > :02:36.mean that Ukraine will look East and not West. The Russian president has
:02:37. > :02:42.made it clear that Ukraine would have to choose, it couldn't join
:02:43. > :02:48.both blocks. It either put itself in a path to eventually join the EU or
:02:49. > :02:51.becomes part of the customs union. As far as Moscow is concerned, the
:02:52. > :02:56.Russian government is very keen to make sure that at some point down
:02:57. > :03:01.the road, Ukraine does become a member of the customs union, because
:03:02. > :03:05.this is an organisation, and economic bloc which is Vladimir
:03:06. > :03:12.Putin's modern day version of the Soviet Union. And he cannot imagine
:03:13. > :03:17.that without Ukraine as a member. From the point of view of Russia,
:03:18. > :03:20.how important is it, how far will they go, to try and secure Ukrainian
:03:21. > :03:25.support overall in this battle? We are seeing protests daily, lots of
:03:26. > :03:30.fears about the direction of that country. Which is why it is unlikely
:03:31. > :03:35.that we will hear an announcement today that President Yanukovych has
:03:36. > :03:39.signed on the dotted line and committed Ukraine to becoming a
:03:40. > :03:43.member of the customs union, that would just infuriate the pro-Europe
:03:44. > :03:50.protesters in Kiev even more. I think we are likely to hear about
:03:51. > :03:53.Moscow giving some big loans to President Yanukovych's government
:03:54. > :03:59.and possibly agreeing to lower the price that Ukraine pays for Russian
:04:00. > :04:07.gas. That would give support to President Yanukovych without the
:04:08. > :04:11.protesters in Kiev. I just want to show you some live pictures coming
:04:12. > :04:21.in from Moscow of the two leaders meeting. That is Mr Yanukovych,
:04:22. > :04:24.talking there with Vladimir Putin. We don't have any translation there
:04:25. > :04:32.for you, but we were promised pictures of the two men in talks.
:04:33. > :04:39.There they are together, and image that obviously is designed very much
:04:40. > :04:44.to show the political link between these two and will not go down well
:04:45. > :04:51.with the Ukrainian opposition which is calling for early elections on
:04:52. > :04:54.this whole question. Officials and dignitaries in North
:04:55. > :04:57.Korea have been marking the second anniversary of the death of their
:04:58. > :05:00.former leader Kim Jong-Il. But there were some notable absences from the
:05:01. > :05:04.vast official ceremony. The current leader Kim Jong Un was there - but
:05:05. > :05:08.the man who oversaw his rise to power was not. Jang Song Thaek was
:05:09. > :05:12.arrested and executed last week in a swift and brutal leadership purge.
:05:13. > :05:22.His widow was also absent from today's ceremony. Lucy Williamson
:05:23. > :05:26.reports from Seoul. Slumped in his seat and facing his
:05:27. > :05:30.vast Court, Kim Jong Un listens to the eulogies for his father. His own
:05:31. > :05:36.eyes downcast while above him a giant portrait of Kim Jong-Il beamed
:05:37. > :05:41.out towards the assembled elite. He was flanked on either side by the
:05:42. > :05:44.country's ceremonial president and its army chief, but many of the
:05:45. > :05:49.elder statesmen who oversaw the transition of power have
:05:50. > :05:53.disappeared. The most notable and unmentioned absence, that his uncle,
:05:54. > :05:59.Jang Song Thaek, abruptly removed from the ranks of power and executed
:06:00. > :06:03.last week. Partly because of that perhaps, this was a ceremony as much
:06:04. > :06:08.about the current leader as the old one. The head of North Korea's Armed
:06:09. > :06:16.Forces about to uphold and defend Kim Jong Un and no one else. In the
:06:17. > :06:19.freezing street outside, North Koreans have been remembering their
:06:20. > :06:27.former leaders with their usual displays of grief full stop --.
:06:28. > :06:33.TRANSLATION: It seems to me just yesterday, that day when our
:06:34. > :06:38.respected general passed away, and I cried tears of sorrow. I still miss
:06:39. > :06:45.our respected general everyday. I really miss him so much.
:06:46. > :06:48.Commemorations like these are a time for North Koreans to reaffirm their
:06:49. > :06:52.loyalty to the current leader as well as remember the old ones. Who
:06:53. > :06:58.knows how much of either emotion is real. But some North Koreans have
:06:59. > :07:03.covertly told contact here in Seoul that feelings towards Kim Jong Un
:07:04. > :07:07.have taken a negative turn over the past few days, and with the country
:07:08. > :07:10.still reeling from his brutal purge of his uncle and mental, is also a
:07:11. > :07:21.chance for them to reflect on how their country has changed since he
:07:22. > :07:24.came to power -- uncle and mental. Meanwhile, in South Korea, about 150
:07:25. > :07:28.protesters marked the anniversary of Kim Jong-il's death with calls for
:07:29. > :07:31.an end to the Pyongyang regime. Demonstrators held up signs calling
:07:32. > :07:34.for their "North Korean brothers" to "rise up for freedom" and
:07:35. > :07:37.congratulating them on the demise of Kim Jong-il. During the protest they
:07:38. > :07:39.also set alight three effigies representing the Kim dynasty,
:07:40. > :07:46.including current leader Kim Jong Un.
:07:47. > :07:49.Police in Turkey have detained about twenty people on corruption charges.
:07:50. > :07:54.Turkish media are reporting that three of those held are sons of
:07:55. > :07:57.government ministers. In the capital Ankara, police also searched the
:07:58. > :08:00.headquarters of the state-run Halkbank. Our correspondent James
:08:01. > :08:08.Reynolds is in Istanbul. What is going on here? We understand his
:08:09. > :08:11.dawn raids happened and 18 to 20 businessmen were arrested here in
:08:12. > :08:18.Istanbul, there was a raid on this data bank in and colour. We
:08:19. > :08:20.understand that the sons of three important government ministers have
:08:21. > :08:24.been detained, we understand they are the sons of the economy
:08:25. > :08:29.minister, environment Minister and interior Minister. That is what the
:08:30. > :08:33.Turkish minister is reporting. That is obviously quite unusual, for the
:08:34. > :08:40.police to carry out arrests on the sons of such important figures. In
:08:41. > :08:44.general terms among the political elite, how big is the alleged
:08:45. > :08:51.perception of bribery, corruption and so on? I think here in Turkey,
:08:52. > :08:57.ordinary people believe it is a significant problem, and previous
:08:58. > :09:01.raids or investigations have been carried out against targets not
:09:02. > :09:05.related so closely to government officials and the families of
:09:06. > :09:08.government ministers. That's why people are so interested and perhaps
:09:09. > :09:15.fascinated by what has gone on this morning. Because clearly, the police
:09:16. > :09:17.have targeted people so close to the government that other people in
:09:18. > :09:22.Turkey believe there is a conflict within the government itself, that
:09:23. > :09:28.the Prime Minister is on one side and their ministers and Sons on the
:09:29. > :09:34.other side. Do we know which families are involved here? Just
:09:35. > :09:37.going through it again, we understand from the Turkish media it
:09:38. > :09:41.was the sons of the economy minister, interior Minister and
:09:42. > :09:45.environment Minister. That's what the Turkish minister has been
:09:46. > :09:56.reporting, we haven't seen any statement from the ministers
:09:57. > :09:59.themselves. Thank you. A judge in the United States has ruled that the
:10:00. > :10:01.National Security Agency's mass collection of telephone and email
:10:02. > :10:05.data is unconstitutional. The case is a direct result of documents
:10:06. > :10:07.leaked by the former CIA contractor Edward Snowden. The NSA's activities
:10:08. > :10:11.were described as arbitrary and indiscriminate by a district judge,
:10:12. > :10:17.but it's almost certain to appeal to a higher court. Helena Lee reports.
:10:18. > :10:20.The NSA has been gathering masses of information from phone calls and
:10:21. > :10:24.information is in a bid to track down anyone linked to terrorism but
:10:25. > :10:26.it's huge data collection has now been ruled unconstitutional.
:10:27. > :10:47.District Judge Richard Leon said: he went on to say that the American
:10:48. > :10:54.founding Father James Madison and author of the US Constitution would
:10:55. > :10:58.be aghast. The agency's election of meta data was disclosed by former
:10:59. > :11:03.national security analyst Edward Snowden. Leaks of classified
:11:04. > :11:06.information revealed the extent of spying activity by the NSA on
:11:07. > :11:10.Americans as well as on foreign leaders. Earlier, an official at the
:11:11. > :11:15.agency suggested a deal which would grant Edward Snowden amnesty could
:11:16. > :11:22.be possible if he stopped leaking secret occupants. My personal view
:11:23. > :11:25.is it is worth having a conversation. I would need
:11:26. > :11:34.assurances that the remainder of the data could be secured, my bar for
:11:35. > :11:40.those assurances would be high. But that was quickly rejected by the
:11:41. > :11:42.American government. He has been accused of leaking classified
:11:43. > :11:46.information and faces felony charges here in the US. He should be
:11:47. > :11:52.returned to the US as soon as possible, where he will be accorded
:11:53. > :11:58.full due process and protections. That's our position and it has not
:11:59. > :12:00.changed. Officials still don't know what further information Edward
:12:01. > :12:04.Snowden has and whether he will release more of it. The man himself
:12:05. > :12:09.has responded to the judge's ruling, saying the American public deserved
:12:10. > :12:20.a chance to see these issues determined by". Much more to come.
:12:21. > :12:22.Three years after the Arab spring began, we hear from some of those
:12:23. > :12:38.whose lives have changed. The relatives of some of those who
:12:39. > :12:44.died in the horrific train crash in Spain are calling for an enquiry
:12:45. > :12:48.into what happened. July, and the scene hours after a train derailed
:12:49. > :12:53.on a bend as it travelled into the city of Santiago De Compostela in
:12:54. > :12:59.northern Spain. Mark Woodward was a passenger on board. Someone said the
:13:00. > :13:05.train had derailed but I remember thinking, it made more sense to me
:13:06. > :13:09.that it had been dumped. I vaguely remember looking through the
:13:10. > :13:17.carriage, and it seemed that the carriage in front of hours was
:13:18. > :13:20.tilting to the right. Something like you see when you are on a
:13:21. > :13:33.roller-coaster, carriage in front tips. The driver of the train was
:13:34. > :13:37.Francisco Garzon. He has since admitted the train was travelling
:13:38. > :13:41.too fast. He could face a charge of manslaughter for all 79 people who
:13:42. > :13:48.were killed. The speed on this curve is now been cut. The stretch of
:13:49. > :13:52.track, to 160 mph. Before the accident a train driver would have
:13:53. > :13:57.to break from 200 kilometres per hour to 80. And crucially, there was
:13:58. > :14:03.no back-up braking system if you failed to break in time, and that
:14:04. > :14:08.system has since been installed. July's crash was a low point for
:14:09. > :14:13.Spain's otherwise imprisoned network of high-speed rail, which keeps on
:14:14. > :14:20.expanding. Even across this river in Alysia. But Spain's rail union
:14:21. > :14:24.claims that the safety systems were not in place because Spain's then
:14:25. > :14:32.government rushed to in great high-speed rail before the last
:14:33. > :14:36.dinner or election. Concession macro petitions rushed this through
:14:37. > :14:41.because they wanted to be remembered for bringing high-speed railways
:14:42. > :14:44.here. Spain's high-speed rail company declines to be interviewed.
:14:45. > :14:49.The victims of the crash are now calling for an independent enquiry.
:14:50. > :14:53.They alleged that won't happen because they say economic interests
:14:54. > :15:07.are being put before those of the dead, injured and their relatives.
:15:08. > :15:14.This is BBC World News. The headlines: Ukraine's future stands
:15:15. > :15:19.divided the tween Russia and the EU as President Yanukovych is in Moscow
:15:20. > :15:26.for talks with fried Amir Putin. -- Vladimir Putin.
:15:27. > :15:29.North Koreans have marked the second anniversary of Kim Jong-il's death
:15:30. > :15:32.just days after his son and successor had his uncle executed.
:15:33. > :15:35.Japan has announced a significant increase in defence spending, to
:15:36. > :15:38.counter what it sees as a growing threat from China. It's planning to
:15:39. > :15:41.spend billions of dollars over the next five years, on early-warning
:15:42. > :15:44.planes, beach-assault vehicles and troop-carrying aircraft. It's been
:15:45. > :15:48.engaged in a long running territorial dispute with China over
:15:49. > :15:53.control of a number of islands in the East China Sea. I asked the
:15:54. > :15:59.BBC's Tokyo correspondent Rupert Wingfield-Hayes how significant is
:16:00. > :16:03.this move by Japan. In overall terms, it is not a
:16:04. > :16:07.massive increase in defence spending, but it is the first
:16:08. > :16:13.significant increase in a very long time. What is really significant is
:16:14. > :16:16.the shift in emphasis in Japan's hole defence strategy. To pan used
:16:17. > :16:21.to have a defence strategy based on the main islands here, namely
:16:22. > :16:24.looking north to Russia to defend against a Russian invasion during
:16:25. > :16:30.the Cold War -- Japan used to have a defence strategy. Now the focus is
:16:31. > :16:37.to the long chain of islands Japan has, which they believe are under
:16:38. > :16:41.increasing threat by increasing Chinese military power and China's
:16:42. > :16:45.increasingly expansionist desires in the East China Sea, particularly
:16:46. > :16:50.around the disputed islands they have sailed around and argued over
:16:51. > :16:55.for the last year or so. This is a shift to buy lots of new equipment,
:16:56. > :17:00.to form a new amphibious assault force. It is putting military
:17:01. > :17:04.forces, if you like, behind the Japanese government's stands, which
:17:05. > :17:12.is to stand up to China and say we will not back down over these
:17:13. > :17:17.disputes. Many people will observe the growing global influence of
:17:18. > :17:23.China, but is this move backed by the United States? I think the
:17:24. > :17:29.United States is happy to see Japan modernising its military and being
:17:30. > :17:35.more capable of working alongside US forces in various scenarios. I
:17:36. > :17:40.think, however, the American government is somehow a nervous of
:17:41. > :17:44.the strongest ride and nationalistic tone that the Japanese Prime
:17:45. > :17:48.Minister and his government are taking against China. They would
:17:49. > :17:53.like to see more effort being put into building bridges with China and
:17:54. > :17:55.trying to get over this dispute with negotiation rather than ramping up
:17:56. > :18:05.what is already a very tense situation. The US Secretary of State
:18:06. > :18:10.John Kerry has warned China not to declare a second air defence zone.
:18:11. > :18:15.During a visit to the Philippines he said America would stand with its
:18:16. > :18:17.friends in the region when territorial disputes were being was
:18:18. > :18:25.altered. We are not taking action on
:18:26. > :18:30.particular -- a position on particular claims, but we have taken
:18:31. > :18:38.a position in how they should be resolved. We support our friends and
:18:39. > :18:41.the rule of law, we do not support unilateral act... Actions which have
:18:42. > :18:51.the impact of being provocative and raising the temperature. We are not
:18:52. > :18:54.approaching this in any particular view towards China except to say
:18:55. > :18:57.that when China makes a unilateral move we will state our position and
:18:58. > :19:05.make clear what we agree or disagree with. We do not accept it, we think
:19:06. > :19:12.there is a way to approach it. John Kerry.
:19:13. > :19:15.Thousands have gone without food for days as sectarian violence hampers
:19:16. > :19:20.humanitarian aid in the Central African Republic. In the capital,
:19:21. > :19:25.the world food programme was finally able to deliver enough to feed
:19:26. > :19:29.18,000 people, but the UN says at least a quarter of the population
:19:30. > :19:32.risks going hungry. Finally food arrives.
:19:33. > :19:36.Four days, these people have had little to eat. In the capital,
:19:37. > :19:41.Bangui, they take refuge where they can in a country plagued by
:19:42. > :19:45.sectarian violence. The UN world food programme has been distributing
:19:46. > :19:50.food. They stopped a few times because of fears of rioting and
:19:51. > :19:54.stabbings. TRANSLATION: We distribute rations
:19:55. > :19:59.large enough to feed ten families for ten days. They divided amongst
:20:00. > :20:03.themselves, allowing us to work faster.
:20:04. > :20:06.On Monday, UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon said he was gravely
:20:07. > :20:13.concerned about the imminent danger of mass atrocities. I call on the
:20:14. > :20:19.country's transitional authorities to protect the people. I appeal to
:20:20. > :20:22.religious and community leaders to prevent polarisation. The Central
:20:23. > :20:26.African Republic is one of the poorest and least developed
:20:27. > :20:30.countries in the world. Since its independence in the 1960s it has
:20:31. > :20:35.suffered a series of clues and rebellions, but it fell into further
:20:36. > :20:40.chaos in March when 5000 rebels seized power, ousting the country's
:20:41. > :20:45.Christian president. For the first time, the country is being run by a
:20:46. > :20:53.Muslim president, a former leader of the rebel Celica Alliance. This has
:20:54. > :20:56.prompted months of clashes between rebel Christian and Muslim factions,
:20:57. > :21:00.half a million people have been forced to flee their homes and a
:21:01. > :21:06.quarter of the population, 1.15 million people, need food aid. But
:21:07. > :21:11.the UN says this number could increase as the violence continues.
:21:12. > :21:14.More than 1600 French soldiers are working to restore order and the
:21:15. > :21:19.African Union are increasing the number of peacekeepers to 6000.
:21:20. > :21:23.Widespread looting has disrupted farming and food production as well
:21:24. > :21:28.is depleting seed and animal stocks. Unless security can be restored to
:21:29. > :21:32.the country, the UN effort remain hampered in distributing food to the
:21:33. > :21:36.people who need it most. Three years ago, Mohamed Bouazizi, a
:21:37. > :21:39.poor market trader in Tunisia, set himself alight and sparked a wave of
:21:40. > :21:44.uprisings across the region that became known as the Arab Spring. To
:21:45. > :21:46.coincide with the third anniversary of Mr Bouazizi's self-immolation,
:21:47. > :21:50.BBC News has returned to the countries affected by the uprisings,
:21:51. > :22:02.to look at what's changed and find out whether people think the
:22:03. > :22:05.uprisings were successful. I am from Yemen. I believe that the
:22:06. > :22:10.revolution has changed lives for Yemenis as a whole, you many women
:22:11. > :22:16.and men. The situation is not as is good as it was, security wise,
:22:17. > :22:19.service delivery, but it will get better. I believe the cards have
:22:20. > :22:30.been reshuffled and we will think of a better Yemen.
:22:31. > :22:34.TRANSLATION: I am from Egypt. The Arab uprisings were a very good
:22:35. > :22:38.idea, but unfortunately when we had them we did them the wrong way. We
:22:39. > :22:42.didn't have control or focus well on the main objectives. It was not
:22:43. > :22:46.properly organised, that was the problem. We need to go back to the
:22:47. > :22:55.main idea, but with better organisation.
:22:56. > :22:57.TRANSLATION: I am from Sudan. Despite the troubles that countries
:22:58. > :23:01.of the Arab Spring are going through, it will have a profoundly
:23:02. > :23:06.positive effect on the region in the future. No matter how bad things
:23:07. > :23:09.might appear to us now, it is incomparable to the persecution
:23:10. > :23:14.suffered by people at the hands of dictators.
:23:15. > :23:17.Just a selection of some of the voices across the region.
:23:18. > :23:21.The work of one American photojournalist has helped preserve
:23:22. > :23:23.a unique record of life in Africa in the mid-twentieth century. Eliot
:23:24. > :23:27.Elisofon travelled to the continent on eleven separate assignments for
:23:28. > :23:30.Life magazine. Images from those trips gave Americans a glimpse of
:23:31. > :23:34.the beauty and history of the region. Now they're giving new
:23:35. > :23:46.generations a rare perspective. Jane O'Brien reports.
:23:47. > :23:55.Out of Africa and into the living rooms of America. Eliot Elisofon's
:23:56. > :24:00.camera captured a continent for an American audience largely ignorant
:24:01. > :24:05.of its culture and diversity. Prior to his photography in Africa,
:24:06. > :24:13.Americans were awash with Hollywood jungle films and Tarzan and things
:24:14. > :24:18.that are graded African culture. What Eliot Elisofon brought was the
:24:19. > :24:25.beauty and aesthetics of the art and culture is that American audiences
:24:26. > :24:30.had not seen. 1947, Eliot Elisofon travel between Cairo and Cape Town.
:24:31. > :24:36.The photographs from the trip began to influence American perception of
:24:37. > :24:39.Africa. His portrait of the King of Kuba, now the Democratic Republic of
:24:40. > :24:51.Congo, is one of his most famous images. This is a volcano. In 1972,
:24:52. > :24:56.one year before he died, he took its two daughters on a trip to the
:24:57. > :25:03.Congo. It was very tough and very exciting. It changed my life and my
:25:04. > :25:06.perspective forever. We really gained a new respect for how hard he
:25:07. > :25:14.worked and how difficult it was to capture those magical images.
:25:15. > :25:20.Post-war Africa was a period of upheaval and transition. Many
:25:21. > :25:24.countries were seeking independence, and Eliot Elisofon
:25:25. > :25:28.helped to bring the new leaders to public prominence. It also coincided
:25:29. > :25:35.with America's own civil rights movement. I think he saw so much
:25:36. > :25:39.beauty and majesty in the African culture and people, and he really
:25:40. > :25:43.felt it needed to be shared with the wider public, particularly an
:25:44. > :25:48.American public. African-Americans in the 70s were going through a lot
:25:49. > :25:53.of strife. And I heard him say this, he really wanted people to
:25:54. > :25:58.have a sense of pride in their background and culture. But Eliot
:25:59. > :26:06.Elisofon was a collector who helped establish the first formal study in
:26:07. > :26:12.the US of African art. Of course, his Africa has changed.
:26:13. > :26:18.But the 80,000 photographs he left to the Smithsonian's African Art
:26:19. > :26:30.Museum are a legacy of his personal mission to help the world to see.
:26:31. > :26:36.Lovely pictures. We will leave you with some lovely pictures, this time
:26:37. > :26:41.an ash cloud from Mount Edna's latest eruption which I am afraid
:26:42. > :26:51.has forced the closure of the airport in East East and Sicily.
:26:52. > :26:57.Etna is the most active volcano in Europe, this explosion has been
:26:58. > :27:00.going on for a few weeks, causing a change in flight routes, but no
:27:01. > :27:02.evacuations as yet. That's over