:00:07. > :00:14.is needed and not to do so diminishes the notion Hello. This
:00:15. > :00:17.BBC World News. Our top stories. The growing threat to children from
:00:18. > :00:20.polio. Why hard-won victories to eliminate the disease are slipping
:00:21. > :00:27.away, especially in refugee communities.
:00:28. > :00:31.Life in the Dadaab refugee camp in Kenyan, I have seen first-hand the
:00:32. > :00:35.enormous vaccination campaign under way to stop this polio outbreak.
:00:36. > :00:38.European finance ministers agree new measures to prevent bank failures
:00:39. > :00:43.and remove the survival threat for those in trouble. Disappearing,
:00:44. > :00:45.never to be seen again, the Syrian government is using enforced
:00:46. > :00:48.disappearances to terrorise its civilians. It could constitute a
:00:49. > :00:52.crime against humanity says a UN investigation.
:00:53. > :00:54.And, blast off. Leaving Earth for one of the most ambitious space
:00:55. > :00:56.explorations ever. A five-year mission to map a billion stars in
:00:57. > :01:19.the Milky Way. Polio is the most feared childhood
:01:20. > :01:24.disease in the world. It is incurable and can cause irreversible
:01:25. > :01:28.paralysis. Until recently, doctors believed the polio virus had almost
:01:29. > :01:31.been wiped out, just as smallpox was before it. Now, the United Nations
:01:32. > :01:36.is warning that an outbreak in the Horn of Africa threatens a new
:01:37. > :01:40.global resurgence of the virus. There are three main strains of
:01:41. > :01:44.polio. They generally spread in areas of poor hygiene and
:01:45. > :01:49.sanitation. One in 200 patients faces irreversible paralysis. It
:01:50. > :01:52.mainly affects children under five. Sometimes this can happen within
:01:53. > :02:01.hours of contracting the virus. Polio is endemic in three countries:
:02:02. > :02:07.Pakistan, Afghanistan and Nigeria. Cases have recently emerged in
:02:08. > :02:10.Syria, but especially in Somalia. The World Health Organisation says
:02:11. > :02:14.there have been 183 cases in Somalia so far this year. That's more than
:02:15. > :02:17.the rest of the world combined. Many of those affected by this
:02:18. > :02:20.outbreak are refugees, which makes it harder to control. The Dadaab
:02:21. > :02:24.camp in Kenya houses around half a million people, mainly Somali
:02:25. > :02:26.refugees. There's a huge emergency vaccination campaign underway, to
:02:27. > :02:43.prevent the disease spreading still further.
:02:44. > :02:50.Here, and in hundreds of places across the Horn of Africa, help
:02:51. > :02:55.workers have been setting up makeshift vaccination posts, and
:02:56. > :02:59.urging people to come and get vaccinated against polio. I have
:03:00. > :03:04.seen and heard stories about the human impact of a polio outbreak in
:03:05. > :03:09.this poor, ill-equipped region, and spoken to officials about the effect
:03:10. > :03:19.an outbreak here has on global attempts to eradicate it.
:03:20. > :03:28.Patiently, they wait. And there are millions. Globally, polio has nearly
:03:29. > :03:32.been eradicated. Code that goal be unravelling in one of the poorest
:03:33. > :03:37.places on earth? What is happening in the Horn of Africa is an
:03:38. > :03:43.emergency. Almost as many cases this year as the entire world last year.
:03:44. > :03:48.These are just a few of 34 million people the UN says it is trying to
:03:49. > :03:54.vaccinate by the end of the year. And so, when it is their turn, each
:03:55. > :03:59.child gets two drops of oral vaccine, and for extra protection
:04:00. > :04:06.and injection as well. With predictable results. This father has
:04:07. > :04:16.had all 15 of his children vaccinated. TRANSLATION: The risk is
:04:17. > :04:24.massive. Our children would not be able to work for themselves. But,
:04:25. > :04:28.for some, it is already too late. This gifted football player has had
:04:29. > :04:34.to give up his education as he can no longer walk to class. Because of
:04:35. > :04:40.this sickness, I cannot proceed to school, it is very hard for me.
:04:41. > :04:44.It is fighting and famine in this region which drive the outbreak. In
:04:45. > :04:49.neighbouring Somalia where it began, conflict against Al-Shabab
:04:50. > :04:55.voters stopped vaccination teams reaching areas. Thousands have fled.
:04:56. > :05:01.And so, in the Horn of Africa, people weakened and uprooted, create
:05:02. > :05:06.a hotspot for polio. The UN fears a global threat. If we don't stop it
:05:07. > :05:08.here now, it will spread to neighbouring countries such as South
:05:09. > :05:14.Sudan, Uganda, Tanzania, and beyond our borders. Which is why it was
:05:15. > :05:18.very important to have a rapid, aggressive campaign to wrest it
:05:19. > :05:23.right here. So now, in the Horn of Africa, and
:05:24. > :05:27.urgent reminder to get vaccinated. Turnout rates have been higher but
:05:28. > :05:30.it is too early to say whether this outbreak has been stopped, and what
:05:31. > :05:35.it means for the global fight against polio.
:05:36. > :05:42.These massive vaccination campaigns have been co-ordinated across
:05:43. > :05:46.countries, and structured ever since the first cases of polio appeared
:05:47. > :05:51.back in May. They have been doing these campaigns every month. Now,
:05:52. > :05:57.the UN says in the Horn of Africa they haven't seen any case since
:05:58. > :06:01.October. That is the good news. But they have to get to six months free
:06:02. > :06:07.of new cases before they can declare this outbreak is over.
:06:08. > :06:15.Vaccination is one thing. We can see the conditions people living in. It
:06:16. > :06:21.is also about the poor conditions where polio incubates, how much of
:06:22. > :06:27.that is a challenge as well? Take a look behind me. People live
:06:28. > :06:32.in really bad conditions. I have had a tour of this area. Looking at some
:06:33. > :06:37.of the places where people are living. These are the better
:06:38. > :06:43.shelters. They are wooden frames, tin roofs, tarpaulin on the side
:06:44. > :06:47.provided by the UN refugee agency. Still, people are all together in
:06:48. > :06:52.small places. There is no sanitation. There is one standpipe
:06:53. > :06:58.for all of these families in the compound. Animals are running
:06:59. > :07:02.around. It is not clean. That can aid the spread of polio which is
:07:03. > :07:08.spread through waste matter of humans. If you ingest it, you could
:07:09. > :07:11.pick it up. Sanitation is definitely something that agencies are
:07:12. > :07:18.increasingly thinking about. This week in Dadaab, I met one lady from
:07:19. > :07:22.the UN agency whose job is to think about sanitation, how to create a
:07:23. > :07:27.cleaner environment for people. I have to say, right now, the intense
:07:28. > :07:33.focus is on vaccinating as many people as possible. The UN is trying
:07:34. > :07:40.to reach 34 million by the end of the year. In these five years --
:07:41. > :07:45.five days, 510,000 people, that is the urgency, to vaccinate them as
:07:46. > :07:46.quickly as possible. The next step is how to keep this under wraps
:07:47. > :07:54.going forward. After months of difficult
:07:55. > :07:57.negotiations, European Union finance ministers have agreed on a common
:07:58. > :08:01.set of rules to regulate banks in the eurozone. The idea is to prevent
:08:02. > :08:04.any future banking problem turning into a full scale economic crisis,
:08:05. > :08:18.and to prevent the tax-payer having to foot the bill. Emily Thomas has
:08:19. > :08:22.details of the deal. An era of taxpayer funded bank
:08:23. > :08:27.bailouts is coming to an end. That's the idea. It took more than a year
:08:28. > :08:31.of hard bargaining but, just before midnight in Brussels, the Eurozone
:08:32. > :08:35.finance ministers agreed a new system to regulate the banks. It is
:08:36. > :08:39.a joint European institution called the single resolution mechanism to
:08:40. > :08:43.decide whether and how to shut down failing banks before they do too
:08:44. > :08:50.much damage to the economy. The cost will be covered by a 55 billion
:08:51. > :08:53.euros fund phased in over ten years, financed by the banking industry.
:08:54. > :08:57.The system is expected to be operational from 2015. The deal has
:08:58. > :09:04.been met with optimism by EU finance ministers. TRANSLATION: The Finance
:09:05. > :09:08.Minister 's can be proud to have fulfilled the role in giving the
:09:09. > :09:12.heads of states and agreement of high quality, good for the citizens,
:09:13. > :09:15.good for financial stability, one that fulfils its mould breaking the
:09:16. > :09:23.vicious circle between financial crisis and sovereign debt.
:09:24. > :09:29.I think what we are building up here is the right contribution to further
:09:30. > :09:32.stabilising financial markets. The ministers had been under intense
:09:33. > :09:36.pressure. They needed to produce a deal for EU leaders to approve at a
:09:37. > :09:40.summit which starts today. After that, the proposal will go to the
:09:41. > :09:45.European Parliament for what are also expected to be tough
:09:46. > :09:48.negotiations. The European Space Agency has
:09:49. > :09:52.launched a mission it says is one of the most ambitious in the history of
:09:53. > :09:55.space exploration. The Gaia space telescope, which is being
:09:56. > :09:57.transported into orbit on this Soyuz rocket, will produce an
:09:58. > :10:00.unprecedented three-dimensional map of our galaxy, the Milky Way, by
:10:01. > :10:15.measuring the movement of a billion stars. It blasted off successfully
:10:16. > :10:18.from French Guiana. What will it see and callous? With
:10:19. > :10:22.me is the BBC's science correspondent Jonathan Amos.
:10:23. > :10:31.What will it tell us? You have a smaller version of it. This is a one
:10:32. > :10:37.50th model of the spacecraft. It is about 20 centimetres across in my
:10:38. > :10:42.hand, but this would be about ten meters. That gives you a sense of
:10:43. > :10:46.how big it is. In here, we have a couple of telescopes. Underneath the
:10:47. > :10:51.telescopes, and enormous camera detector. Think of a sensor chip in
:10:52. > :10:59.your phone you take pictures of -- pictures with. Ten megapixels. This
:11:00. > :11:06.is 1 billion pixels. Imagine a camera that powerful. This is inside
:11:07. > :11:09.the spacecraft. That is amazing. It will measure very precisely the
:11:10. > :11:17.positions of the stars, how they are moving across the sky. If we can do
:11:18. > :11:20.that, we can get 3D markers and make a time-lapse movie, and run that
:11:21. > :11:25.forwards to see how the Milky Way will develop in the future. And we
:11:26. > :11:31.can run it backwards as well, to see how the Milky Way came into being.
:11:32. > :11:36.They think it cannibalised lots of little galaxies. What we see are the
:11:37. > :11:42.remnants of the ancient meals that our galaxy had billions of years
:11:43. > :11:48.ago. This will be sitting on a platform 1.5 million kilometres up
:11:49. > :11:53.there. It is a very long way. Further away from Earth, you can get
:11:54. > :11:57.out of its shadow and into a very stable environment where temperature
:11:58. > :12:01.is always the same. This big disk on this model is a sun shield. Imagine
:12:02. > :12:06.you have a ruler to measure something. You don't want the ruler
:12:07. > :12:12.to be heated up and called down. That will expand and contract. Derek
:12:13. > :12:16.was taking off a couple of hours ago. How long before it is
:12:17. > :12:21.operational and we start getting those images? They have come off the
:12:22. > :12:28.top of the rocket, it is flying through space. To get 1.5 million
:12:29. > :12:32.climate is out will take a month. Then they will measure for about
:12:33. > :12:37.five years. Then you will get the data.
:12:38. > :12:44.Amazing pictures. Stay with us on BBC World News, still to come:
:12:45. > :12:47.living in poverty and daily discrimination.
:12:48. > :12:50.That is what life is like on the margins of society, we have rare
:12:51. > :12:58.access to a Roma village in northern Romania.
:12:59. > :13:02.There's growing concern about a crackdown on dissent in Egypt. The
:13:03. > :13:05.authorities have arrested liberal activists for defying new
:13:06. > :13:08.restrictions on public protest. The government, put in place by the
:13:09. > :13:10.military this year, maintains that Egypt is on the road to democracy.
:13:11. > :13:16.Orla Guerin reports. This is where it all began, in this
:13:17. > :13:22.square in the heart of Cairo. As you can see, it is back to normal now.
:13:23. > :13:25.It is surrounded by traffic. Grass has been planted here in the
:13:26. > :13:30.centre. There used to be rows of tents here full of activists. These
:13:31. > :13:35.days, it is a place where people come to sit and chat and gather.
:13:36. > :13:40.Sometimes to pose and take photographs. But this is the place
:13:41. > :13:46.where crowds came in January 20 11th to sweep away the long-time military
:13:47. > :13:51.ruler Hosni Mubarak. The crowds were back occupying this area in July, to
:13:52. > :13:56.get rid of the man elected to replace him, Mohamed Morsi. He was
:13:57. > :14:00.removed by the army. Now, it is not so easy to have a protest here, or
:14:01. > :14:07.anywhere else. A new law means you have to get permission. Head here is
:14:08. > :14:12.a monument which was unveiled last month by the authorities. This was
:14:13. > :14:16.built to commemorate those who were killed getting rid of two
:14:17. > :14:21.presidents. It has been destroyed once already. By activists who said
:14:22. > :14:26.the authorities did the killing, and they had no business commemorating
:14:27. > :14:33.their own victims. And now it stands as a kind of testament to the deep
:14:34. > :14:39.divisions in Egypt. But there is one man who unites many
:14:40. > :14:42.Egyptians and, believe it or not, he has even been immortalised in
:14:43. > :14:50.chocolate. You can see him his face. He is the army chief, and he
:14:51. > :14:54.became enormously popular after leading the coup which removed
:14:55. > :14:59.Mohamed Morsi. Undoubtedly the most powerful man in Egypt today. The
:15:00. > :15:04.owner of this shop says her chocolates are among the best
:15:05. > :15:08.selling item in the place. You can see he's wearing various different
:15:09. > :15:14.uniforms. These days, you can even get themed pyjamas. The owner here
:15:15. > :15:19.says, if the general stands for the presidency next year, and many
:15:20. > :15:23.believe he will, that she will even make a chocolate election poster.
:15:24. > :15:31.Many experts are addicting if he stands he could win by a landslide.
:15:32. > :15:39.You are with BBC World News. The latest headlines: The growing threat
:15:40. > :15:46.of polio in the Horn of Africa. Doctors warn it poses a threat to
:15:47. > :15:50.children in the rest of the world. Eurozone is discussing a new deal
:15:51. > :15:54.which will prevent the taxpayer from having to foot the bill if they have
:15:55. > :15:57.to bail out banks again. The United Nations is just accusing
:15:58. > :16:01.the Syrian government of being responsible for thousands of
:16:02. > :16:05.disappearances. They call it a sustained campaign of terror against
:16:06. > :16:08.its own people. Human rights investigators say most of those who
:16:09. > :16:12.have been detained are never seen again. In many cases the families
:16:13. > :16:18.are too terrified to find out what has happened to them. Let's go to
:16:19. > :16:26.the BBC's image and folks in Geneva. That report has just been published.
:16:27. > :16:32.What are the headlines from it? The headlines are that from the start of
:16:33. > :16:38.the conflict in the spring of 2011, there has been a systematic campaign
:16:39. > :16:45.to disappear people who have posed a threat to the government. It started
:16:46. > :16:49.with men aged between 16 and 40 on demonstrations. Then it moved to
:16:50. > :16:53.anyone who might have just the faintest connection with the
:16:54. > :16:56.opposition. Bennett has moved to reprise all disappearances in
:16:57. > :17:02.villages where the operation has been active. The evidence from the
:17:03. > :17:08.campaign, much of it comes from former army officers who have
:17:09. > :17:14.defected. They have a clear view of the policy inside the military. What
:17:15. > :17:18.the investigators says this serves to terrify the population. Families
:17:19. > :17:22.who enquire about what has happened to a are detained themselves. It is
:17:23. > :17:29.a way of making sure, trying to ensure the population stays quiet
:17:30. > :17:33.and does not protest. They also make the point that some opposition
:17:34. > :17:40.groups have also been violating human rights. Yes, they do. They say
:17:41. > :17:46.that has increased in the last months, the taking of hostages for
:17:47. > :17:49.example, in return for money. There is also a report from Amnesty
:17:50. > :17:57.International saying some of the opposition groups are committing
:17:58. > :18:03.human rights violations. I think we have a picture in Syria that if you
:18:04. > :18:06.are detained, your chances of being well treated very slim. Let's not
:18:07. > :18:11.forget that the body which supposed to visit people detained in
:18:12. > :18:14.conflict, the International Committee of the Red Cross, has
:18:15. > :18:23.basically been prevented from doing so throughout the conflict in Syria.
:18:24. > :18:31.Thank you for that update. In Russia, the president Vladimir
:18:32. > :18:35.Putin, has described his bailout for Ukraine as an act of brotherly love.
:18:36. > :18:39.He denied the loan had anything to do with the mass pro-European
:18:40. > :18:48.demonstrations which have been taking place in Kiev. TRANSLATION: I
:18:49. > :18:59.will be very frank with you, don't take it as an irony but I often use
:19:00. > :19:06.the term or other nation or sister nation. The situation in Ukraine is
:19:07. > :19:10.difficult. So if we say sister nation, we should do what family
:19:11. > :19:19.members do, we should support our sister nation when they are in dire
:19:20. > :19:25.straits. This is the number one reason why those decisions were
:19:26. > :19:29.taken. I'm joined by the BBC's diplomatic correspondent Bridget
:19:30. > :19:35.Kendall. What was your impression, particularly some of the odd events
:19:36. > :19:42.which took place in this meeting. What I found interesting was this
:19:43. > :19:46.gathering of journalists, the way that people were holding up placards
:19:47. > :19:51.of their region or newspaper on it, to try and get the attention of the
:19:52. > :19:56.press secretary or the president. After awhile, you see why they did
:19:57. > :20:00.it. It was a bit like petitioning the Czar, as if he was the man who
:20:01. > :20:06.could solve all their problems. Although probably his PR advisers
:20:07. > :20:09.thought it would be good and make him look like a benevolent leader
:20:10. > :20:13.who listened to the worries of the people, there were quite a lot of
:20:14. > :20:17.questions who came from people of remote regions of Russia, the far
:20:18. > :20:21.east for example, which painted an appalling picture of how they lived,
:20:22. > :20:25.factories on the verge of going bankrupt, towns where they are
:20:26. > :20:28.worried about their jobs. One woman said she checked with the local
:20:29. > :20:34.authorities and they only had cold for three days and the temperature
:20:35. > :20:38.had dropped 30 degrees. Mr Putin replied by saying, I will look into
:20:39. > :20:43.this. He took notes will stop you could understand why everybody
:20:44. > :20:47.wanted to waive their placard. But a country which 20 years after it
:20:48. > :20:51.launched its cells on the path of a market economy, still has towns and
:20:52. > :20:55.villages were the only way they can see out of their predicament is to
:20:56. > :21:02.appeal to the leader in Moscow, that is pretty dysfunctional. Meanwhile,
:21:03. > :21:06.there is the leader of Russia and Ukraine. The Ukrainian president is
:21:07. > :21:09.on air talking about how the deal with European Union is on the table
:21:10. > :21:16.but very clear from President Putin about what the deal will be in his
:21:17. > :21:22.view. It was the top question in President Putin's conference and
:21:23. > :21:26.there was more than one question. Simultaneously in Kiev, the
:21:27. > :21:32.president was talking about it on their television. President Putin
:21:33. > :21:37.said out of sisterly brotherly love, they are part of their family. But
:21:38. > :21:42.he also said he had made it clear to the Ukrainians, if they went with an
:21:43. > :21:45.European agreement then lots of trading Russia would close and that
:21:46. > :21:50.would be terrible for industries, especially in the east. President
:21:51. > :21:54.Yankovic said there were no contradictions between what he had
:21:55. > :21:59.done with Russia and the course for any kind of European integration but
:22:00. > :22:02.he said his cabinet would be looking at the Russians' alternative customs
:22:03. > :22:06.union and see if there was any part of it they wanted to join which
:22:07. > :22:11.those people protesting on the square in Kiev will not like very
:22:12. > :22:18.much. He said their actions were revolutionaries. He said there was a
:22:19. > :22:22.warning to the West not to meddle in his country's affairs. I think the
:22:23. > :22:28.president in Kiev is still taking questions. Thank you.
:22:29. > :22:31.Across Europe, there are an estimated ten many Roma people. A
:22:32. > :22:35.large number live in poverty and they face daily discrimination.
:22:36. > :22:39.Their plight was highlighted when a Roma couple in Greece were accused
:22:40. > :22:44.of abducting a young blonde girl called Maria. One of the largest
:22:45. > :22:55.Roma populations lives in northern Romania. Our correspondent has had
:22:56. > :22:59.unique aspect on community there. I first meet six-year-old Samuel in
:23:00. > :23:03.the laboratory of an abandoned copper factory on the outskirts of
:23:04. > :23:09.town. Samuel lives in a single room with his grandparents and eight
:23:10. > :23:14.cousins. In the hallway, his neighbour is sniffing paint thinner
:23:15. > :23:18.while Samuel and his cousins play. For decades, this was one of the
:23:19. > :23:28.most polluting factories in Ray mania. Yet it is now home for 160
:23:29. > :23:35.Roma families including 245 children. Until last year, Samuel's
:23:36. > :23:39.grandfather, a street cleaner, was raising all nine of his
:23:40. > :23:44.grandchildren. The community has lived here for 20 years but the land
:23:45. > :23:48.is not theirs. Like Roma people across Europe, there have claimed a
:23:49. > :23:56.right to settle on public land. With anti-Roma sentiment running high,
:23:57. > :23:57.the families living here were issued with eviction notices and the
:23:58. > :24:15.demolitions began. The mayor made the demolition of
:24:16. > :24:16.this community and other one is his number one campaign promise for
:24:17. > :24:37.re-election. He was re-elected with 86% of the
:24:38. > :24:45.vote and is now the most popular mayor in Ray mania. Five minutes
:24:46. > :24:51.from the centre of that settlement is another one. As I make my way
:24:52. > :24:56.around the building, I meet Rebecca. Although she is ten years old, she
:24:57. > :24:57.is not going to school. Her grandmother says she was turned
:24:58. > :25:12.away. The authorities say there are no
:25:13. > :25:18.restrictions on Roma children accessing mainstream education. The
:25:19. > :25:22.lack of schooling, whether by parental choice because of the
:25:23. > :25:27.system remains a big problem for this community and any chance of a
:25:28. > :25:34.better future. Back at the factory, I meet Giorgio's daughter-in-law,
:25:35. > :25:43.17-year-old Roxana. She was 12 when she dropped out of school.
:25:44. > :25:56.I ask her what she will do in the future.
:25:57. > :26:04.Other news at this hour: Anstey International say nearly a thousand
:26:05. > :26:09.people in the Central African Republic were killed in attacks two
:26:10. > :26:17.weeks ago by mainly Muslim militia. Homes were looted and set alight in
:26:18. > :26:20.the capital. That is despite the presence of international
:26:21. > :26:24.peacekeepers. Two men who were released from the international
:26:25. > :26:36.defence -- detention centre in Guant?namo Bay have been flown home
:26:37. > :26:41.to Saddam. Finally, the Stradivarius violin
:26:42. > :26:47.which thieves tried to sell for $160 has been sold for much more than
:26:48. > :26:54.expected. The 300-year-old violin was stolen from the sandwich bar in
:26:55. > :26:59.Euston three years ago. It was recently recovered from a house in
:27:00. > :27:02.the British Midlands. Thank you for joining me, goodbye.