27/12/2016

:00:00. > :00:09.This is Breakfast, with Louise Minchin.

:00:10. > :00:12.Too many young carers are going "under the radar"

:00:13. > :00:16.A study by the Children's Commissioner for England says four

:00:17. > :00:20.out of five young people don't get the help they should from local

:00:21. > :00:43.Some voters in England will have to show photographic ID before

:00:44. > :00:48.casting their vote as part of efforts to reduce electoral fraud.

:00:49. > :00:50.His private life was very much public knowledge,

:00:51. > :00:53.but details of George Michael's quiet generosity begin to surface

:00:54. > :01:02.Chelsea extend their winning run to 12 games

:01:03. > :01:07.as they go seven points clear at the top of the Premier League.

:01:08. > :01:20.Good morning. It is a frosty start for some of us this morning with

:01:21. > :01:24.patchy fog as well. For most, dry with hazy sunshine, except in the

:01:25. > :01:26.north and west, where we have more clout and spots of rain. Further

:01:27. > :01:31.details in 50 minutes -- cloud. The Children's Commissioner

:01:32. > :01:35.for England says the vast majority of young carers receive

:01:36. > :01:37.no support from local Anne Longfield says four out of five

:01:38. > :01:41.are "going under the radar". The Local Government Association

:01:42. > :01:43.said funding cuts meant councils were being forced to make

:01:44. > :01:47.difficult decisions. This is Daniel, one of thousands

:01:48. > :01:54.of young carers in England. He's ten and lives with his mum,

:01:55. > :01:58.Florella, who has a brain tumour. When he's not at school,

:01:59. > :02:04.he helps around the house, but he constantly worries

:02:05. > :02:08.about his mum when he isn't there. I started becoming more responsible

:02:09. > :02:14.and I started doing the cleaning. I started paying more attention

:02:15. > :02:21.to what my mum was doing. Then, because I wasn't around,

:02:22. > :02:24.I was always worried Today's report by the Children's

:02:25. > :02:33.Commissioner found of the 160,000 young carers in England,

:02:34. > :02:36.just over 128,000 children aged 5-17 may not be known

:02:37. > :02:45.to local authorities. And councils identified 160 young

:02:46. > :02:48.carers in England who are under This is often systematic support

:02:49. > :02:54.for vulnerable family members who may have mental illness

:02:55. > :02:59.or physical disabilities. They need to be able

:03:00. > :03:02.to flourish at school, they need to be able to enjoy

:03:03. > :03:06.childhood and grow up, whilst they're still offering

:03:07. > :03:08.the familial support that The Local Government Association

:03:09. > :03:16.says funding cuts to children's services means councils have been

:03:17. > :03:19.forced to make difficult decisions about what support they

:03:20. > :03:21.are able to provide. But it says all young carers should

:03:22. > :03:25.receive an assessment to find out In just over an hour,

:03:26. > :03:34.I'll be talking to Children's Commissioner Anne Longfield,

:03:35. > :03:37.and to a teenage girl who looks England's chief nursing officer has

:03:38. > :03:42.urged the NHS to invest more in caring for people at home

:03:43. > :03:47.to reduce the amount of money being wasted keeping elderly

:03:48. > :03:49.patients in hospital unnecessarily. Jane Cummings says

:03:50. > :03:51.the health service has a responsibility to change

:03:52. > :03:53."outdated models of care" and ensure patients don't "fall

:03:54. > :03:56.into cracks" between different parts Some voters in England will have

:03:57. > :04:02.to show photo ID before being allowed to cast their ballots

:04:03. > :04:07.vote as part of a new trial. It's one of a number

:04:08. > :04:10.of efforts being introduced Our political correspondent

:04:11. > :04:14.Tom Bateman is in our Tom, why has the government decided

:04:15. > :04:26.this change is needed? Who will be affected? This came

:04:27. > :04:33.after allegations that there had been fraud during the vote back in

:04:34. > :04:36.2014 for a mayor in Tower Hamlets in east London. The Electoral

:04:37. > :04:42.Commission after that said they had been election fraud, and that former

:04:43. > :04:46.mayor was then stripped of office. The former Conservative minister,

:04:47. > :04:50.Sir Eric pickles, was asked by the government to look into this, and

:04:51. > :04:55.said there should be some sweeping changes to the law around voting in

:04:56. > :04:59.England. One of the things he is recommending or has recommended is

:05:00. > :05:02.that voters should show some sort of identification when they are on

:05:03. > :05:06.their way into the polling booths. That could include things like a

:05:07. > :05:10.passport or driving licence, but also perhaps a bus pass or even a

:05:11. > :05:15.bank statement or your bank card. The government this morning has said

:05:16. > :05:19.it is accepting the majority of those recommendations. In 2018 at

:05:20. > :05:24.the local elections in England, it will trial some of these ideas,

:05:25. > :05:27.especially those around having to show identification. We do not know

:05:28. > :05:31.the exact areas that will take place, but certainly, it will be

:05:32. > :05:35.piloted. The Labour Party say they welcome ideas such as these, but are

:05:36. > :05:46.accusing the government of trying to break the system, saying business

:05:47. > :05:48.more about getting votes for the Conservatives than anything else,

:05:49. > :05:53.and they want the government to look at the issue of how we registered to

:05:54. > :05:54.vote in the first place. Thank you very much.

:05:55. > :05:56.The Magistrates Association has expressed concern about plans

:05:57. > :06:00.to allow people to go online to enter guilty pleas and pay fines

:06:01. > :06:08.It says an internet-only system could lower public confidence.

:06:09. > :06:10.Details are emerging of George Michael's charity work,

:06:11. > :06:13.as tributes continue to pour in since his death on Christmas Day.

:06:14. > :06:16.For years the singer had donated money to organisations,

:06:17. > :06:18.and worked undercover at a homeless shelter.

:06:19. > :06:35.He was a huge personality whose life played out in the headlines. But

:06:36. > :06:41.behind this onstage persona, details of George Michael's charitable

:06:42. > :06:45.donations are now emerging. He had volunteered to work in a homeless

:06:46. > :06:49.shelter, provided it was kept quiet. He paid for a game show contestant

:06:50. > :06:54.to have IVF treatment. And gave Sport Relief ?50,000 and David

:06:55. > :07:02.Whalley 's son the English Channel in 2006. Children, cancer patients

:07:03. > :07:07.and many other charities also received donations -- them out. Last

:07:08. > :07:14.night, tributes came from those close to him. His partner said:

:07:15. > :07:22.His former long-term partner Kenny paid tribute to an extremely kind

:07:23. > :07:31.and generous man, saying he loved him very, very much. At his home in

:07:32. > :07:35.Oxfordshire, friends came to remember their icon. There were

:07:36. > :07:38.emotional scenes at another of his houses, Highgate in London, from

:07:39. > :07:44.people struggling to come to terms with his death from suspected heart

:07:45. > :07:48.failure. I know 2016 has been a bad year, and it is very sad for a lot

:07:49. > :07:54.of artists, but it was George Michael Beck got me. I think we grew

:07:55. > :07:58.up with him, was the main thing. George Michael's career spanned

:07:59. > :08:06.nearly four decades, and these fans will make sure his music lives on.

:08:07. > :08:11.We will be talking about George Michael a little later as well.

:08:12. > :08:14.A search operation is continuing for a Russian military plane

:08:15. > :08:16.which was carrying 92 people and crashed over

:08:17. > :08:20.are involved in the operation near Sochi.

:08:21. > :08:23.The Defence Ministry said the bodies of 11 people

:08:24. > :08:27.and parts of the plane's fuselage have been recovered so far.

:08:28. > :08:31.Liz Smith, the actor best known for playing Nana in the sitcom

:08:32. > :08:33.The Royle Family, has died at the age of 95.

:08:34. > :08:36.A spokesperson for her family announced she passed away

:08:37. > :08:47.Peter Ruddick has been looking back at her life.

:08:48. > :08:58.She's a vegetarian, Nana. Could you have some wafer thin hand? Could she

:08:59. > :09:06.have wafer thin hand, Barbara? No! From Dottie Nana to the eccentric

:09:07. > :09:11.baker in the figure of Diddley, this Smith carved out a niche playing

:09:12. > :09:18.scatty but hilarious older ladies. -- Liz Smith. It is chocolate

:09:19. > :09:29.spread! Chocolate? You promise? Yeah. All right, I will. Very

:09:30. > :09:34.unusual taste. I put in a little something extra as well. She had

:09:35. > :09:38.been through a tough childhood, and an even tougher early career as a

:09:39. > :09:42.single mother of two with a series of part-time jobs. It was only when

:09:43. > :09:47.she was nearly 50 that she got her breakthrough after being offered a

:09:48. > :09:55.theatre role by Mike Leigh. It was like a wonderful realisation that at

:09:56. > :10:00.last I was being given a chance. It had come, it had come at last. She

:10:01. > :10:05.may have started late, but she made up for lost time with award-winning

:10:06. > :10:11.roles in TV and film, resulting in her being awarded the MBE in 2009.

:10:12. > :10:13.But it will be as Nana, the Queen of Sheba, for which she will be most

:10:14. > :10:15.remembered. The actor Liz Smith,

:10:16. > :10:19.who has died at the age of 95. Only about half of the families

:10:20. > :10:22.in Britain own their homes, according to new analysis

:10:23. > :10:25.by the Resolution Foundation. Although official housing figures

:10:26. > :10:27.suggest a much higher number, the think-tank believes the people

:10:28. > :10:30.living in private rented accommodation has

:10:31. > :10:45.been underestimated. Owning a home is something many

:10:46. > :10:50.people aspire to. Official figures showed 64% of us are owner

:10:51. > :10:54.occupiers. That is down from a high of around 70% just over ten years

:10:55. > :10:58.ago. But the Resolution Foundation says those figures don't reflect the

:10:59. > :11:02.true picture. Take for example a person who buys a house and then

:11:03. > :11:09.takes in three voters. The official figures would count that as one of

:11:10. > :11:13.owner occupier. The three people renting would disappear from the

:11:14. > :11:17.picture. We massively overstate home ownership in this country by looking

:11:18. > :11:21.at properties rather than families. It suggests we need to think lots

:11:22. > :11:25.more than we already do about how the other half live, the half of the

:11:26. > :11:29.country that are not in a home owning family. The Resolution

:11:30. > :11:34.Foundation says the number of people who rent privately has doubled since

:11:35. > :11:38.1992. In London, that figure has trebled. The think tank also says

:11:39. > :11:46.there are 5.8 million families who are missing from the official

:11:47. > :11:49.figures because they live in someone else's home. The foundation says we

:11:50. > :11:53.should concentrate a little less on home owners and think more about how

:11:54. > :11:54.the other half of the population lives.

:11:55. > :11:57.A number of roads remain closed in Scotland after the disruption

:11:58. > :12:01.Wind speeds in excess of 90 miles an hour were recorded

:12:02. > :12:04.on the island of Shetland on Boxing Day while large parts

:12:05. > :12:05.of the north experienced heavy snowfall.

:12:06. > :12:08.The Scottish Transport Minister has been chairing extra meetings

:12:09. > :12:13.of the government's resilience team to deal with the situation.

:12:14. > :12:19.The Japanese Prime Minister, Shinzo A-bay, is in Hawaii,

:12:20. > :12:27.for an historic visit which will see him pay his respects

:12:28. > :12:29.at the site of the attack on Pearl Harbor.

:12:30. > :12:31.He'll become the first sitting Japanese Prime Minister

:12:32. > :12:35.to visit the memorial that honours the hundreds of sailors and marines

:12:36. > :12:39.A group of conservationists say that the world's fastest land

:12:40. > :12:41.animal, the cheetah, is rapidly heading for extinction.

:12:42. > :12:44.The Zoological Society of London says cheetah numbers

:12:45. > :12:46.in the wold are falling because of human encroachment

:12:47. > :12:53.They say it's "crunch time" for the cats, with only an estimated

:12:54. > :13:01.7000 left in Africa and just 50 in Iran.

:13:02. > :13:07.should we have a quick look at the papers this morning? Most of them

:13:08. > :13:12.still talking about George Michael. The front page of the Times,

:13:13. > :13:17.pictures again. Flowers, cards and candles being left outside his home

:13:18. > :13:21.as the pop world pays tribute to George Michael. Their main story is

:13:22. > :13:26.about the nuclear safety regulator. It is accused of turning a blind eye

:13:27. > :13:30.to dozens of serious mistakes at power plants and military bases. A

:13:31. > :13:35.quick look at the other papers. And need my glamorous assistant, who is

:13:36. > :13:39.currently not here. The front page of the Daily Telegraph. It is a bank

:13:40. > :13:45.holiday. A lovely picture of George Michael. Neil McCormick talks about

:13:46. > :13:51.his conflict that made him so compelling. And talking about the

:13:52. > :13:54.NHS as well, it should spend more money on patients in their own homes

:13:55. > :13:58.instead of hospital beds. We have spoken about that on BBC Breakfast

:13:59. > :14:03.as well. A couple of the other ones, I will just get organised. The front

:14:04. > :14:07.page of the Sun. You were someone special, George. That is in the

:14:08. > :14:12.Daily Mail, George Michael again. Talking about comments allegedly

:14:13. > :14:18.said by the Queen. Any front page of the Daily Mirror, comments by George

:14:19. > :14:25.Michael's heartbroken partner. On the inside pages as well, if I can

:14:26. > :14:28.find them, I don't know if anyone of you were going shopping yesterday,

:14:29. > :14:31.but foreign shoppers apparently queued through the night for a

:14:32. > :14:37.bargain. Millions of Britons breading huge crowds for the Boxing

:14:38. > :14:41.Day sales. But the pound meant many foreigners came over to take

:14:42. > :14:44.advantage of the prices. I don't know if that lady has bought all of

:14:45. > :14:46.that, but that seems an extraordinary amount of close to

:14:47. > :14:49.buy. -- clothes. You're watching

:14:50. > :14:50.Breakfast from BBC News. A study by the Children's

:14:51. > :14:54.Commissioner for England says the vast majority of young carers

:14:55. > :14:57.are getting no support from local Some voters in England are to be

:14:58. > :15:03.asked to provide ID before The requirement is to be

:15:04. > :15:07.trialled as part of efforts Also coming up in the programme -

:15:08. > :15:18.2016 will be a year astronaut We'll review his space mission

:15:19. > :15:38.in a look back over the last twelve Very glad to say that Carol is here

:15:39. > :15:44.with me this morning. In spirit, at least. It is quite cold, isn't it?

:15:45. > :15:48.Good morning. Yes it is quite cold. Frost around if you head out early

:15:49. > :15:53.you may find you need to scrape your windscreen. For most of us today it

:15:54. > :15:58.will be largely dry and there will be sunshine around as well although

:15:59. > :16:05.turning hazy through the day. High pressure in charge of the weather.

:16:06. > :16:10.After the storm moved away from the Scottish shores. Not a lot of wind

:16:11. > :16:15.around. Shallow pockets of fog that should clear redly and for many

:16:16. > :16:19.parts of the UK we are off to a driver cold start. At the moment it

:16:20. > :16:27.is -5 in Bournemouth the temperatures is below freezing. As

:16:28. > :16:31.we move northwards across northern England and Northern Ireland and

:16:32. > :16:34.Scotland here and there there is a little more cloud around. In the

:16:35. > :16:42.Scottish north-west that will be the odd spot of rain but nothing too

:16:43. > :16:46.substantial. The rest of the UK has hardly a breath of wind. Once again

:16:47. > :16:52.through the day we will enjoy a lot of dry weather and sunshine. Turning

:16:53. > :16:57.the sunshine hazy at times. Improving across the north-west as

:16:58. > :17:01.we go through the day as well. Temperature- wise if you are heading

:17:02. > :17:10.out for a walk or going shopping it is going to be cold. Overnight we

:17:11. > :17:13.will see some fog developed. High-pressure starting to push away

:17:14. > :17:17.a little bit onto the continent that we have the ridge across us. The

:17:18. > :17:20.other thing we have is a weather front not too far away from the

:17:21. > :17:25.north-west. Tomorrow morning we start off with dense fog. It may

:17:26. > :17:33.prove to be disruptive. Some of it will lift into low cloud and if you

:17:34. > :17:39.are stuck under it will feel cold. Fog across many parts of England.

:17:40. > :17:43.Out towards the west it will brighten up and we will see

:17:44. > :17:48.sunshine. The rumour but when we had a weather front not too far away

:17:49. > :17:52.from north-west Scotland? It all come along and bring more persistent

:17:53. > :17:56.rain throughout the day. As we move from Wednesday into Thursday more

:17:57. > :18:00.front start to show. Look at the squeeze up here. It will become

:18:01. > :18:05.windier and as we go through the end of the week for many it will be

:18:06. > :18:10.cloudy and you will find some spots of rain across the north-west.

:18:11. > :18:15.Temperature wise 11 degrees in Belfast by Friday. Into the weekend

:18:16. > :18:18.it looks very much like it will turn a little bit colder. In some ways I

:18:19. > :18:21.like it like that. Thank you, Carol. For many of us, it's the time

:18:22. > :18:25.of year to be either sat around the dinner table of in

:18:26. > :18:27.front of the television. But with a rise in streaming

:18:28. > :18:30.services, gone are the days of the whole country watching

:18:31. > :18:34.the same programme at the same time. Breakfast's Sean Farrington has been

:18:35. > :18:49.looking at the boom in on-demand. We have been gorging this Christmas,

:18:50. > :18:53.not just on food but an dater. We consume hundreds of gigabytes of

:18:54. > :19:00.data each month, the equivalent of 200 episodes of planet Earth too.

:19:01. > :19:03.The way we get that data into our households is through broadband and

:19:04. > :19:06.the faster the connection the more likely we are to download our

:19:07. > :19:10.favourite programmes. The better the connection, 30 or 40 megabits a

:19:11. > :19:16.second, the more likely we are then to use online video like sky TV,

:19:17. > :19:25.Amazon prime, I play or Netflix. I watch Netflix and YouTube. I watch

:19:26. > :19:35.mine craft. I want to binge. I want to start at the beginning, watch it

:19:36. > :19:39.all night. I watch on the computer and sometimes on my phone. In the

:19:40. > :19:42.evening I will sit here and watch Netflix with my husband. I will do

:19:43. > :19:46.something on my phone and my daughter will be upstairs with her

:19:47. > :19:52.laptop and occasionally, not every night, and occasionally the youngest

:19:53. > :19:56.will be in this bed with this best babysitter, the iPad, and he may

:19:57. > :20:00.just watch a bit of YouTube. Although there has been a big

:20:01. > :20:04.improvement on 2015, the regulators is that large parts of the UK are

:20:05. > :20:09.still not able to get a decent broadband connection. Over 1 million

:20:10. > :20:14.homes not able to download fast and offer a modern family's needs. Band

:20:15. > :20:17.is so important now to families, particularly younger families where

:20:18. > :20:20.every body wants to be online at once doing their own thing. It is

:20:21. > :20:24.now is important to them as electricity and isn't running water.

:20:25. > :20:28.The problem is that there are still frowned a thousand homes cannot

:20:29. > :20:31.stream one video will own two or three videos. It is important

:20:32. > :20:35.because the availability of faster broadband has met were taking more

:20:36. > :20:40.control of what we watch and more particularly when it suits us. The

:20:41. > :20:44.number crunchers at the BBC's I play things they see traffic on their

:20:45. > :20:48.website increased by 36% around the Christmas period. Whether it's

:20:49. > :20:54.Christmas time you watch more together. Because there is nothing

:20:55. > :21:00.else to do. I don't mean that. You are around each other more. You

:21:01. > :21:07.don't go to school, you have no homework. As we enter 2017 we notice

:21:08. > :21:13.that the children spaces underserviced at the moment so we

:21:14. > :21:16.will invest heavily in high quality content that does not patronise

:21:17. > :21:20.young audiences. On average we watch over what hours of television a day.

:21:21. > :21:26.Mostly through the familiar TV channels. Still lots of room for

:21:27. > :21:30.growth for the likes of Amazon and Netflix with a particular talent for

:21:31. > :21:37.2017- can they get the whole family together in the same room to watch

:21:38. > :21:42.something online? Tell us what you've been watching and whether

:21:43. > :21:43.you've been able to watch coming together of Christmas.

:21:44. > :21:47.A survey of GPs has suggested that almost half of them don't believe

:21:48. > :21:50.that it's in the best interests of dementia patients to know that

:21:51. > :21:54.They say many support services are poor, and the diagnosis can

:21:55. > :21:58.Joy Watson was diagnosed with early-onset Alzheimer's disease

:21:59. > :22:14.I feel I have benefited from knowing. And I can walk around --

:22:15. > :22:18.work around my relationships better. I can inform my grandchildren so

:22:19. > :22:24.that they know what is going on. They have gotten used to the idea

:22:25. > :22:31.that nanny says silly things and gets in a muddle. Many needs a

:22:32. > :22:35.couple. And it is adapting, I think. It is a confusing illness so if you

:22:36. > :22:40.do not have the diagnosis it does not open doors that are vital that I

:22:41. > :22:47.have support networks for myself, carers groups, support groups that I

:22:48. > :22:49.need but if I didn't know that Chua had Alzheimer's, I would not have

:22:50. > :22:51.access to those. Joining me now is Kathryn Smith

:22:52. > :23:01.from the Alzheimer's Society Good morning to you both. Thank you

:23:02. > :23:09.for joining us. The Alzheimer's Society has done the research. You

:23:10. > :23:12.shocked or surprised? I would not say I was particularly surprised

:23:13. > :23:16.because this is the kind of information that we hear from the

:23:17. > :23:19.people who speak to is on the helpline that they found it

:23:20. > :23:23.difficult to get a diagnosis and we have had stories of people who have

:23:24. > :23:26.known something is wrong for five years before they could get a

:23:27. > :23:30.diagnosis. So while it is shocking it does back at some of the

:23:31. > :23:33.anecdotal evidence that we have are from people we work with. Other

:23:34. > :23:38.doctors you think that are not trying to have a diagnosis or

:23:39. > :23:44.passing one on? Not at all. As doctors, I think, the diagnosis is

:23:45. > :23:48.almost like the endpoint. Everyone can look and see it. But a patient,

:23:49. > :23:54.when people have trouble or worries you have to help them and help them

:23:55. > :23:59.get to the right place and get the right diagnosis. Sometimes you have

:24:00. > :24:02.to do what suits them and when it is the right time for them. Sometimes

:24:03. > :24:06.you will have people who do not want to pursue an active diagnosis and

:24:07. > :24:11.you need to back off sometimes. You try really hard to get a diagnosis

:24:12. > :24:16.that you cannot get them into memory clinics or secondary care. It is far

:24:17. > :24:21.better than that is certainly, doctors are not... Something

:24:22. > :24:26.interesting fare about some people not wanting the diagnosis. Tell us

:24:27. > :24:30.about these conversations. Have you even start a conversation like that?

:24:31. > :24:37.It is a difficult conversation. A diagnosis of dementia is... It is a

:24:38. > :24:41.fairly serious life changing diagnosis not only to yourself but

:24:42. > :24:47.for your loved ones and people around you. There are people who do

:24:48. > :24:51.not want an answer. And I'm sure you probably see this. You sometimes

:24:52. > :24:58.have family or carer 's come in being worried and sometimes you have

:24:59. > :25:02.to come if you have a chance to meet them and discuss that from different

:25:03. > :25:06.points, they do not want to see you all come around to see you.

:25:07. > :25:10.Sometimes it is just giving them the space and knowing that you are there

:25:11. > :25:17.how much difference that diagnosis mate? I appreciate that if somebody

:25:18. > :25:20.does not want to go to a GP then that is different that if somebody

:25:21. > :25:25.does what go to see a doctor, that means they are worried and stop that

:25:26. > :25:29.something is not quite right. So for somebody to find out that they have

:25:30. > :25:33.a diagnosis, it is not the news they wanted to hear but having said that

:25:34. > :25:37.they then at least know what the problem is and that there is an

:25:38. > :25:40.issue and get the right care and support things like a lasting

:25:41. > :25:42.power-of-attorney seek to make arrangements for your own future

:25:43. > :25:47.care planning or your financial situation and being able to get

:25:48. > :25:52.information about about your condition about how might affect

:25:53. > :25:56.you. For certain types of dementia there are medications that can help

:25:57. > :25:59.delay symptoms. And then finding out the available support. Asking the

:26:00. > :26:04.family to support you. Or people who have been worried about their family

:26:05. > :26:08.for quite some time, getting a diagnosis sometimes gives you a

:26:09. > :26:12.relief, lets you feel you can move on to do what needs to be done next.

:26:13. > :26:18.The diagnosis is not simple as that? What is the process you need to go

:26:19. > :26:22.through? In a way it is a little bit easier if they approach you. That is

:26:23. > :26:28.like one of the big things. There are, I mean, there is a huge

:26:29. > :26:31.incentive at the moment for doctors to improve and increase the

:26:32. > :26:36.diagnosis of dementia which they are doing. Initially when you probably

:26:37. > :26:40.go and see your GP they do so memory tests with you, they do some cloud

:26:41. > :26:46.tests because the research and conditions that are treatable,

:26:47. > :26:53.reversible. But then a formal diagnosis is a whole input from

:26:54. > :26:57.getting scans, getting a psychiatrist's import, plucking

:26:58. > :27:03.people into support services. It is arranging all of that that is

:27:04. > :27:06.important as well. And that is a lot harder to access. Thank you very

:27:07. > :27:08.much for coming to join us today. If you're someone who suffers

:27:09. > :27:11.from regular aches and pains, scientists in Oxford think they may

:27:12. > :27:14.have found the reason why, It's all to do with the way

:27:15. > :27:19.humans have evolved, as Smeetha Mundasad

:27:20. > :27:31.has been finding out. 3-D printing the bones of our

:27:32. > :27:37.distant ancestors and imagining how we might look in thousands of years

:27:38. > :27:40.time. An unconventional way to approach an everyday problem.

:27:41. > :27:44.Where's that the humans of today get so much joy and pain? To answer,

:27:45. > :27:50.scientist looked back at hundreds of ancient skeletons and say evolution

:27:51. > :27:56.could be partly to blame. This is a 30,000 -year-old fighter and it is

:27:57. > :28:03.this area he which has changed. We call it the neck of the cyclone. As

:28:04. > :28:08.we have gone through revolution this area is getting sicker and sicker

:28:09. > :28:15.whereas we know there is a direct link between this area are getting

:28:16. > :28:21.sicker and early arthritis. That is not all. They can nudge their model

:28:22. > :28:27.forward, having a guess at how humid skeletons made change in 5000 years

:28:28. > :28:32.time. These 3-D printed models show what the bones of the future humid

:28:33. > :28:37.could look like. Scientists say by studying them closely this clear

:28:38. > :28:40.that the humid skeleton is changing and they say current trends continue

:28:41. > :28:47.its likely that our riders and pain will get more common. -- arthritis

:28:48. > :28:51.and pain will get more common. Consider the shoulder. As we began

:28:52. > :28:58.walking on two legs the shape of the shoulder shifted to compensate for a

:28:59. > :29:01.new gate. Look at this space getting narrower and narrower over millions

:29:02. > :29:08.of years. Scientists say this leaves less room for tendons attach muscles

:29:09. > :29:12.to bone to move. Leading to more pain as we reach overhead. And if

:29:13. > :29:16.this pattern continues, it is set to get worse in the future. Researchers

:29:17. > :29:22.say while abolition may have left us with some an harmful hangovers,

:29:23. > :29:26.physiotherapy and using the right posture can help conquer some of the

:29:27. > :29:31.downsides of our design. They hope that projects like this one might

:29:32. > :29:35.help design the joint replacements and surgeries of the future.

:29:36. > :29:43.Very interesting. This is breakfast. Coming up we have a review of the

:29:44. > :29:45.year in the world of science. First, however, I would just remind you of

:29:46. > :29:52.the morning's main news stories. England's chief nursing officer has

:29:53. > :29:54.urged the NHS to invest more Jane Cummings says money

:29:55. > :30:08.is being wasted on keeping elderly Four out of five young carers are

:30:09. > :30:12.going under the radar. Funding cuts have meant local councils are forced

:30:13. > :30:15.to make difficult decisions. Some voters in England for aftershow

:30:16. > :30:20.photo ID before being allowed to vote as part of a new trial. It is

:30:21. > :30:23.one of a number of schemes being introduced by the government to

:30:24. > :30:29.reduce electoral fraud. The councils involved will use the measure in the

:30:30. > :30:31.2018 local elections. It comes after a report into photo corruption in

:30:32. > :30:34.Tower Hamlets last year. Details are emerging

:30:35. > :30:36.of George Michael's charity work, as tributes continue to pour

:30:37. > :30:46.in since his death on Christmas Day. He was found dead at home on

:30:47. > :30:48.Christmas Day. It is revealed he went undercover at a homeless

:30:49. > :30:55.shelter in spent years donating money to different organisations.

:30:56. > :30:59.The actor Liz Smith has died at the age of 95. She was best known for

:31:00. > :31:07.comedy roles, playing often eccentric older ladies, including

:31:08. > :31:11.Nana in The Royle Family. She only began acting professionally at 49,

:31:12. > :31:18.enjoyed a career lasting more than four decades until her retirement in

:31:19. > :31:22.2009. The number of roads remained closed in Scotland after disruption

:31:23. > :31:27.caused by storm,. Wind speeds in excess of 90 mph were recorded on

:31:28. > :31:29.the island of Shetland on Boxing Day while large parts of the North

:31:30. > :31:32.experienced heavy snowfall. The Scottish Transport Minister has

:31:33. > :31:34.been chairing extra meetings of the government's resilience team

:31:35. > :31:48.to deal with the situation. I'm not wearing blue because of

:31:49. > :31:50.Chelsea, but I might as well be. What a difference a year makes for

:31:51. > :31:53.Chelsea. Hello. It's 12 wins in a row

:31:54. > :31:55.now for Chelsea, They were missing key players

:31:56. > :32:00.Diego Costa and Ngolo Kante for their match against Bournemouth,

:32:01. > :32:03.but they came through as 3-0 winners thanks to goals from Pedro,

:32:04. > :32:07.Eden Hazard and a late own goal off They're seven points

:32:08. > :32:09.clear now at the top, and in those 12 games they've

:32:10. > :32:28.kept 10 clean sheets. We had chances to score more goals,

:32:29. > :32:32.but for the players, today we played a game without two important

:32:33. > :32:34.players. But I think we played very well.

:32:35. > :32:36.Manchester City are up to second place.

:32:37. > :32:40.They won 3-0 win at bottom of the table Hull, in a game

:32:41. > :32:42.that was closer than the scoreline suggests.

:32:43. > :32:45.But after Yaya Toure had opened the scoring from the penalty

:32:46. > :32:47.spot, gaps appeared in the Hull defence.

:32:48. > :32:49.This goal from Kelechi Ihenacho made it 2-0.

:32:50. > :32:52.Things got worse for Hull in injury time when Curtis Davies scored

:32:53. > :32:56.This stunning finish from Henrikh Mkhitaryan helped

:32:57. > :32:58.Manchester United to a fourth straight win in the league.

:32:59. > :33:01.They beat Sunderland 3-1, meaning defeat for David Moyes

:33:02. > :33:04.on his return to Old Trafford for the first time since

:33:05. > :33:06.he was sacked as United manager in 2014.

:33:07. > :33:10.Sam Allardyce's first game in charge of Crystal Palace ended in a 1-1

:33:11. > :33:13.Elsewhere Arsenal beat West Brom 1-0.

:33:14. > :33:15.Burnley saw off Middlesbrough by the same scoreline.

:33:16. > :33:18.Champions Leicester lost at home to Everton 2-0.

:33:19. > :33:20.And West Ham won away at relegation-threatened

:33:21. > :33:32.Sam Allardyce's first game in charge of Crystal Palace ended in a 1-1

:33:33. > :33:37.Later today, Liverpool take on Stoke.

:33:38. > :33:40.The favourite Thistlecrack claimed an impressive win in the big

:33:41. > :33:43.Boxing Day race at Kempton Park - the King George VI Chase.

:33:44. > :33:45.Ridden by Tom Scudamore, Thistlecrack charged clear

:33:46. > :33:48.on the final circuit to ease to victory ahead of Cue Card

:33:49. > :33:53.It was only Thistlecrack's fourth race over fences.

:33:54. > :33:56.It took them until Boxing Day, but Bristol Rugby have their first

:33:57. > :33:59.win of the Premiership season, beating Worcester 28-20.

:34:00. > :34:02.The table's bottom side played much of the match with ten men,

:34:03. > :34:05.but a hat-trick from Tom Varndell helped them close the gap

:34:06. > :34:10.on their opponents at the foot of the table to just two points.

:34:11. > :34:13.There were three derby matches in the Pro12.

:34:14. > :34:16.Glasgow ended a run of three straight defeats by beating rivals

:34:17. > :34:23.Cardiff Blues beat Newport and Munster beat Leinster

:34:24. > :34:33.I'll be back at 0700, but now on Breakfast,

:34:34. > :34:45.Rebecca Morelle looks back on the year in science,

:34:46. > :34:48.From the mission of a lifetime, this was the year British astronaut

:34:49. > :35:03.In 2016, the world's largest radio telescope was unveiled.

:35:04. > :35:05.We also learned about the secret life of seals

:35:06. > :35:16.And saw advances in a controversial new genetic technique.

:35:17. > :35:20.Human organs are growing inside these pigs.

:35:21. > :35:24.This was also the year a global climate deal came into force

:35:25. > :35:26.but the election of Donald Trump placed a question

:35:27. > :35:35.And after decades of searching, scientists have detected

:35:36. > :35:39.It's been called the discovery of the century, making 2016 a truly

:35:40. > :35:48.I'm here at the Jodrell Bank Observatory in the north of England.

:35:49. > :35:51.For more than half a century, scientists have been using this vast

:35:52. > :35:53.telescope to gaze up into the heavens, transforming our

:35:54. > :35:59.Some people have been lucky enough to experience the wonders

:36:00. > :36:07.This year it was the turn of British astronaut Tim Peake.

:36:08. > :36:14.Blasting off, the start of a remarkable mission.

:36:15. > :36:23.He was heading for the space station to join its international crew

:36:24. > :36:29.The first British astronaut now on board

:36:30. > :36:35.In his first live broadcast, he said the experience

:36:36. > :36:41.We always talk about seeing the view of planet Earth

:36:42. > :36:51.But, when you look the opposite direction and you see how dark space

:36:52. > :36:54.is, the blackest black, and you realise how small the Earth

:36:55. > :37:03.His space moves, though, still needed a bit of work.

:37:04. > :37:10.But before long, Tim got a chance to put on his space

:37:11. > :37:12.suit and head outside, joining Nasa astronaut

:37:13. > :37:22.Tim, it's really cool seeing the Union Jack going outside.

:37:23. > :37:25.It's explored all over the world, and now it's explored space.

:37:26. > :37:32.Their task was to carry out essential repairs.

:37:33. > :37:37.At 400 kilometres above the Earth, what better place to take a selfie?

:37:38. > :37:41.Science was also key for this European Space Agency mission.

:37:42. > :37:45.Tim became a human guinea pig, seeing how the body changes in this

:37:46. > :37:49.He even found time to squeeze in the London Marathon, and,

:37:50. > :37:58.But after six months, it was time to say goodbye

:37:59. > :38:03.Strapped into the Soyuz capsule, Tim and his crew mates

:38:04. > :38:10.Awaiting them, a support team circling above the grassy

:38:11. > :38:18.Then suddenly, above the clouds, the capsule appeared.

:38:19. > :38:21.And with a firing of its thrusters, it finally touched down.

:38:22. > :38:30.Weak after six months in space, but happy to be home.

:38:31. > :38:39.And it's wonderful to be back in the fresh air.

:38:40. > :38:48.Since his return, Tim's been meeting schoolchildren around the UK.

:38:49. > :38:58.He hopes his mission might just inspire the next generation

:38:59. > :39:05.Jodrell Bank was built back in the 1950s and this dish

:39:06. > :39:15.In China, the Government is investing heavily in science

:39:16. > :39:17.and they've decided it's time for their own record-breaker,

:39:18. > :39:26.a radio telescope that's half a kilometre across.

:39:27. > :39:28.Hidden in the remote mountains of south-west China,

:39:29. > :39:41.This is the largest radio telescope ever built.

:39:42. > :39:45.Earlier this year, as it neared completion, I was given rare access

:39:46. > :39:51.and a chance for a view unlike any other.

:39:52. > :39:55.It's only when you get up close that you really get a sense

:39:56. > :40:00.Bigger is better when it comes to astronomy.

:40:01. > :40:03.The larger the dish, the more signals can be

:40:04. > :40:05.collected from space, helping us to see deeper

:40:06. > :40:14.In China, astronomy, we are far behind the world.

:40:15. > :40:18.I think it is time for us to build something in China and used

:40:19. > :40:22.by a lot of Chinese users, and also welcome the

:40:23. > :40:30.The telescope works by listening to radio waves emitted

:40:31. > :40:36.The dish is so big it will reveal the first stars and galaxies

:40:37. > :40:40.and even hunt for signs of extraterrestrial life.

:40:41. > :40:44.Building it has taken the Chinese just five years.

:40:45. > :40:48.At a cost of $180 million, it is part of the country's

:40:49. > :40:50.unprecedented investment in science, that's on the verge

:40:51. > :41:01.By September, the final pieces were slotted into place.

:41:02. > :41:07.China is now hoping its super-sized project will transform it

:41:08. > :41:19.For the medical world, it's also been a year of breakthroughs.

:41:20. > :41:23.These miniature brains, called organoids.

:41:24. > :41:28.They're grown from a single cell, donated by patients.

:41:29. > :41:30.And they're helping scientists to understand

:41:31. > :41:38.We can actually compare the organoids to the patient and see

:41:39. > :41:41.if we can see some of the features of the disorder

:41:42. > :41:43.and try to understand what caused those features.

:41:44. > :41:46.I think it's a really huge step toward some hopefully really amazing

:41:47. > :41:49.breakthroughs in what has been a desert in the field

:41:50. > :41:56.And in Poland, this man was completely paralysed

:41:57. > :42:03.Now he is relearning how to use his legs.

:42:04. > :42:06.Two years ago, he had a cell transplant to

:42:07. > :42:09.Now scientists want to see if these outstanding results can

:42:10. > :42:16.And in America, the technology called gene editing

:42:17. > :42:23.Here, human stem cells are being injected into a pig embryo.

:42:24. > :42:30.Scientists are attempting to grow a human pancreas inside a pig.

:42:31. > :42:34.Our hope is that this pig embryo will develop normally.

:42:35. > :42:38.But the pancreas will be made up almost exclusively out of human

:42:39. > :42:43.So that then that pancreas could be compatible with a patient

:42:44. > :42:51.These pigs are pregnant with the embryos.

:42:52. > :42:54.They won't reach full term - they will be removed after a

:42:55. > :43:01.Every organ we try to make - be it kidney, liver or lung, we will look

:43:02. > :43:10.If we find it is too human like, we won't let those foetuses be born.

:43:11. > :43:13.The hope is this technology could eventually solve organ

:43:14. > :43:23.shortages but it also raises profound, ethical questions.

:43:24. > :43:25.In 2016, we've also been learning about

:43:26. > :43:35.These incredible animals were found in the Mariana Trench,

:43:36. > :43:41.as scientists explored the deepest place on the planet.

:43:42. > :43:44.And an animal that's a record-breaker.

:43:45. > :43:46.Scientists believe the Greenland shark can reach 400

:43:47. > :43:57.years old, making it the world's longest living vertebrate.

:43:58. > :44:02.And this year, we learned about the secret lives of seals.

:44:03. > :44:06.Beneath the waves, these animals are a mystery.

:44:07. > :44:09.They spend two thirds of their time in the water.

:44:10. > :44:14.But down here, they have been little studied.

:44:15. > :44:17.We travelled to their home in the north of England,

:44:18. > :44:29.It was a chance to join these animals in the

:44:30. > :44:36.The animals seemed as interested in us

:44:37. > :44:46.these incredible animals up close, you do have to get into the water.

:44:47. > :44:49.Around the coast of the UK, nearly 40% of the world's

:44:50. > :44:58.There are 5000 here in the Farne Islands.

:44:59. > :45:02.This is Ben, who has been diving with seals for years.

:45:03. > :45:06.Recording behaviour that surprisingly has never been

:45:07. > :45:13.What we are seeing is a lot of mating behaviour under water,

:45:14. > :45:16.down to depths of nearly eight metres.

:45:17. > :45:19.A lot of bull seal activity where they will wrestle each other,

:45:20. > :45:20.pushing each other and turning each other.

:45:21. > :45:25.By having these competitions underwater, whether that reduces

:45:26. > :45:32.that conflict on the land and they remember that behaviour.

:45:33. > :45:36.We are getting an intriguing glimpse of a hidden world.

:45:37. > :45:39.Understanding these animals could be the key to keeping

:45:40. > :45:47.With this beautiful and intricate model, you can

:45:48. > :45:50.see our solar system at a glance and explore how the planets

:45:51. > :45:56.There is one world that dominates all others, that's Jupiter.

:45:57. > :45:59.It's the biggest planet in our solar system

:46:00. > :46:12.Beneath its swirling clouds, Jupiter is a world shrouded in mystery.

:46:13. > :46:17.These images, though spectacular, were taken from afar.

:46:18. > :46:19.Nasa wanted to see this giant up close.

:46:20. > :46:36.The spacecraft called Juno embarking on an epic journey.

:46:37. > :46:40.As it neared its destination, it faced its biggest challenge.

:46:41. > :46:45.To get into orbit, it had to slam on its brakes and survive

:46:46. > :46:50.everything Jupiter could throw at it, including its deadly radiation.

:46:51. > :46:54.When Juno goes into orbit around Jupiter, we're going to go

:46:55. > :46:56.through a really nasty, hazardous region,

:46:57. > :46:59.radiation belts that are very close to the planet.

:47:00. > :47:03.They are nasty and can destroy and attack all

:47:04. > :47:11.Scientists faced a tense wait at mission control in California to

:47:12. > :47:15.learn the fate of their billion-dollar spacecraft.

:47:16. > :47:24.The mood is pure elation here.

:47:25. > :47:27.After more than a decade of work and a

:47:28. > :47:30.journey through space, Juno is the closest we have ever been to

:47:31. > :47:52.For the first time, its South Pole was revealed.

:47:53. > :47:56.Covered in storms, many even bigger than the Earth.

:47:57. > :47:59.In the north, it's blanketed by a thick atmosphere.

:48:00. > :48:02.In this infrared view, at the top you

:48:03. > :48:09.And the sound was captured as the spacecraft flew through

:48:10. > :48:21.We're flying over the pole for the first time.

:48:22. > :48:40.Scientists say Jupiter is like nothing they have ever seen before.

:48:41. > :48:44.But Mars was the destination for the European Space Agency.

:48:45. > :48:48.Firstly to get a spacecraft into orbit, which went

:48:49. > :49:03.Scientists also wanted to set down a lander on the

:49:04. > :49:06.But a signal was never sent back to Earth.

:49:07. > :49:08.Days later, these images revealed a crash site.

:49:09. > :49:15.The spacecraft had failed in the final moments of its descent.

:49:16. > :49:18.This year we have been pushing the boundaries of space exploration.

:49:19. > :49:21.Our focus has been very much on our own planet.

:49:22. > :49:25.2016 has been declared the hottest year on record,

:49:26. > :49:28.putting climate change and how to tackle it in the spotlight

:49:29. > :49:37.This year, our planet united, at least for a while.

:49:38. > :49:40.For the world's countries, a plan to cut

:49:41. > :49:48.greenhouse gases became international law.

:49:49. > :49:51.The groundwork was laid at a climate summit in

:49:52. > :49:57.After years of negotiations, an historic global

:49:58. > :50:03.Countries must now move away from fossil fuels and instead adopt

:50:04. > :50:09.But just as the Paris deal came into force,

:50:10. > :50:14.Donald Trump was elected as the US President.

:50:15. > :50:17.He once called climate change a hoax.

:50:18. > :50:20.In 2012, he tweeted it was invented by the Chinese to

:50:21. > :50:29.During his campaign, he said this is what he would do.

:50:30. > :50:33.We are going to cancel the Paris Climate Agreement and stop all

:50:34. > :50:35.payments of the United States tax dollars to UN global

:50:36. > :50:44.Island nations affected by rising sea levels pleaded with

:50:45. > :50:50.President-elect Trump, I formally invite you to Fiji and promise you

:50:51. > :50:57.We will show you how we are already having

:50:58. > :51:03.to move entire communities out of the way of the rising seas.

:51:04. > :51:06.With its reliance on fossil fuels like coal,

:51:07. > :51:10.the United States is the second biggest emitter of greenhouse gases.

:51:11. > :51:16.Its participation in the global climate deal was seen as vital.

:51:17. > :51:23.He has recently appointed a climate sceptic to lead on the environment.

:51:24. > :51:27.Some fear the future of the Paris deal now looks uncertain.

:51:28. > :51:34.In 2016, protection for the animals living in

:51:35. > :51:40.the icy wilderness of Antarctica was also a focus.

:51:41. > :51:43.In October, a great swathe of its ocean was declared a

:51:44. > :51:48.marine protected area, the largest in the world.

:51:49. > :51:50.It is hoped, even for tiny creatures like krill, the

:51:51. > :51:54.foundation of the food chain, the future of this unique

:51:55. > :51:58.and fragile environment will be preserved.

:51:59. > :52:04.And this will be vital for the continent's most

:52:05. > :52:12.These penguins started nesting here just ten years ago.

:52:13. > :52:16.It is thought they may have moved because of climate change.

:52:17. > :52:19.Now scientists have set up a network of cameras to monitor them.

:52:20. > :52:23.It shows how the colony is changing, hour by hour,

:52:24. > :52:28.At another site, scientists are counting the birds

:52:29. > :52:39.This particular region, this particular species, has seen a

:52:40. > :52:47.Those declines are likely associatd with climate change and there may be

:52:48. > :52:50.a link with competition from fisheries, as in humans

:52:51. > :52:52.obtaining the same food, krill, as these penguins

:52:53. > :52:56.Scientists say only by tracking these birds will we see how they

:52:57. > :53:06.And coming soon to Antarctica, Boaty McBoatface, well, almost.

:53:07. > :53:10.While the polar research ship was under constrction,

:53:11. > :53:16.the British public overwhelmingly voted for Boaty to be its name.

:53:17. > :53:20.Instead, opting to dedicate the vessel to Sir David

:53:21. > :53:24.Attenborough, a more fitting title, they said.

:53:25. > :53:36.Boaty McBoatface is now the name of the ship's robotic submersible.

:53:37. > :53:38.In the world of tech, there was a battle

:53:39. > :53:47.A champion player of the ancient game of Go

:53:48. > :53:50.went up against an artificial intelligence programme developed by

:53:51. > :53:57.After four hours, the human resigned.

:53:58. > :54:06.Advances in AI are also enabling developments in driverless cars.

:54:07. > :54:10.This vehicle was made by Tesla, a company owned by tech

:54:11. > :54:20.Only a car that is not self-driving in the

:54:21. > :54:21.long-term will be like owning a horse.

:54:22. > :54:25.You would own and use it for sentimental reasons but not for

:54:26. > :54:33.But the burgeoning industry came under the

:54:34. > :54:39.Joshua Brown was a huge fan of Tesla cars

:54:40. > :54:47.But his vehicle collided with a lorry and he was killed.

:54:48. > :54:50.It seems his car failed to recognise the truck crossing in

:54:51. > :54:57.The vehicle's safety features have been upgraded and Elon Musk

:54:58. > :55:10.maintains they're still safer than a car with a human in control.

:55:11. > :55:14.In 2016, it was time to take a last look at this comet, as we said

:55:15. > :55:16.farewell to the European Space Agency's Rosetta mission.

:55:17. > :55:20.It had given us these stunning images,

:55:21. > :55:32.revealing an alien world in incredible detail.

:55:33. > :55:34.Two years before, scientists attempted something many

:55:35. > :55:41.Landing a robot on the comet's surface.

:55:42. > :55:44.It was a moment of space history in the making.

:55:45. > :55:58.The robot stopped working after a few days but

:55:59. > :56:03.Continuing the mission was the Rosetta mothership, which remained

:56:04. > :56:06.This year its power began to fade and it

:56:07. > :56:09.was time to bring the mission to a close.

:56:10. > :56:12.The spacecraft would go out with a crash landing.

:56:13. > :56:14.The Rosetta spacecraft was designed to fly to

:56:15. > :56:20.the comet, around the comet, but not to land on it.

:56:21. > :56:24.There is no doubt that as soon as it touches down, it

:56:25. > :56:27.It gives scientists the chance to squeeze

:56:28. > :56:29.every last drop of science out of this mission.

:56:30. > :56:32.All the way down it will be taking close-up photos and

:56:33. > :56:37.We will be listening for the signal from Rosetta.

:56:38. > :56:39.This time the mood was emotional, as scientists waited

:56:40. > :56:47.And so, this is the end of the Rosetta mission.

:56:48. > :57:03.You just know when you do these things it comes to an end.

:57:04. > :57:08.But, you know, it is the end in a long, long mission.

:57:09. > :57:16.But with more than 100,000 photos and countless scientific

:57:17. > :57:19.observations, the work for the team is not over.

:57:20. > :57:21.The mission has captured the world's imagination and

:57:22. > :57:31.we may well be hearing about its discoveries for years to come.

:57:32. > :57:34.For researchers at this observatory, and around the world,

:57:35. > :57:38.2016 is a year that will go down in history.

:57:39. > :57:40.After decades of searching, scientists finally discovered

:57:41. > :57:45.gravitational waves - invisible ripples that pass through our

:57:46. > :57:53.It is a breakthrough of simply astronomical proportions.

:57:54. > :57:59.This is the equation behind his theory of general relativity,

:58:00. > :58:11.It told us everything from the motion of the

:58:12. > :58:13.planets to the presence of black holes.

:58:14. > :58:19.But this year, the final piece of Einstein's puzzle was found.

:58:20. > :58:23.We have detected gravitational waves.

:58:24. > :58:29.The idea is, as any object moves through the fabric of

:58:30. > :58:31.the universe, it gives off waves of gravitational energy,

:58:32. > :58:34.much like the ripples that emanate across the surface of

:58:35. > :58:40.the water when you throw a stone into a pond.

:58:41. > :58:47.And the ones we have spotted emanated from this

:58:48. > :58:50.cataclysmic event which took place 1.3 billion light years away.

:58:51. > :58:52.Two black holes moving ever closer together.

:58:53. > :58:55.Eventually they smashed into one another, merging.

:58:56. > :58:58.The collision generated a surge of gravitational ripples that

:58:59. > :59:04.They were spotted by this vast experiment in America.

:59:05. > :59:08.Tunnels carrying laser beams, sensitive enough to pick up

:59:09. > :59:12.the minute disturbances caused by the oscillations.

:59:13. > :59:15.These black holes actually spiralled in over a billion years ago.

:59:16. > :59:18.The signal has been travelling to us since then and we

:59:19. > :59:21.turned on our detectors at just the right time

:59:22. > :59:30.It is a discovery that not only provides another feather

:59:31. > :59:37.It also heralds in a new era in science.

:59:38. > :59:39.Gravitational waves provide a completely new way

:59:40. > :59:53.The ability to detect them as the dead shall to

:59:54. > :59:55.-- The ability to detect them has the potential

:59:56. > :00:00.Until now, even our most advanced telescopes could show us

:00:01. > :00:05.Now we can detect gravitational waves, we

:00:06. > :00:07.will be able to look deeper into space and further

:00:08. > :00:09.back in time than ever before, perhaps all

:00:10. > :00:14.We end the year with a brand-new perspective of the universe,

:00:15. > :00:16.one that will usher in new discoveries

:00:17. > :00:37.This is Breakfast, with Louise Minchin.

:00:38. > :00:39.Too many young carers are going "under the radar"

:00:40. > :00:44.A study by the Children's Commissioner for England says four

:00:45. > :00:47.out of five young people don't get the help they should from local

:00:48. > :01:09.Some voters in England will have to show photographic ID before

:01:10. > :01:15.casting their vote as part of efforts to reduce electoral fraud.

:01:16. > :01:17.His private life was very much public knowledge,

:01:18. > :01:20.but details of George Michael's quiet generosity begin to surface

:01:21. > :01:29.Chelsea extend their winning run to 12 games

:01:30. > :01:34.as they go seven points clear at the top of the Premier League.

:01:35. > :01:47.Good morning. It is a cold and frosty start to the day, but for

:01:48. > :01:51.most of us, it will be dry with hazy sunshine, except in the north and

:01:52. > :01:54.west, where they will be a bit more clout at times and spots of rain.

:01:55. > :01:59.More details in 15 minutes -- cloud. The Children's Commissioner

:02:00. > :02:04.for England says the vast majority of young carers receive

:02:05. > :02:06.no support from local Anne Longfield says four out of five

:02:07. > :02:10.are "going under the radar". The Local Government Association

:02:11. > :02:12.said funding cuts meant councils were being forced to make

:02:13. > :02:14.difficult decisions. This is Daniel, one of thousands

:02:15. > :02:19.of young carers in England. He's ten and lives with his mum,

:02:20. > :02:23.Florella, who has a brain tumour. When he's not at school,

:02:24. > :02:29.he helps around the house, but he constantly worries

:02:30. > :02:34.about his mum when he isn't there. I started becoming more responsible

:02:35. > :02:39.and I started doing the cleaning. I started paying more attention

:02:40. > :02:46.to what my mum was doing. Then, because I wasn't around,

:02:47. > :02:49.I was always worried Today's report by the Children's

:02:50. > :02:56.Commissioner found of the 160,000 young carers in England,

:02:57. > :02:59.just over 128,000 children aged 5-17 may not be known

:03:00. > :03:06.to local authorities. And councils identified 160 young

:03:07. > :03:09.carers in England who are under This is often systematic support

:03:10. > :03:18.for vulnerable family members who may have mental illness

:03:19. > :03:24.or physical disabilities. They need to be able

:03:25. > :03:26.to flourish at school, they need to be able to enjoy

:03:27. > :03:30.childhood and grow up, whilst they're still offering

:03:31. > :03:32.the familial support that The Local Government Association

:03:33. > :03:38.says funding cuts to children's services means councils have been

:03:39. > :03:41.forced to make difficult decisions about what support they

:03:42. > :03:46.are able to provide. But it says all young carers should

:03:47. > :03:50.receive an assessment to find out Coming up before 7:30,

:03:51. > :03:58.I'll be talking to Children's Commissioner Anne Longfield,

:03:59. > :04:01.and to a teenage girl who looks England's chief nursing officer has

:04:02. > :04:09.urged the NHS to invest more Jane Cummings says money

:04:10. > :04:15.is being wasted on keeping elderly She says reform is needed to make

:04:16. > :04:22.sure people don't get caught between different

:04:23. > :04:26.parts of the system. Some voters in England will have

:04:27. > :04:29.to show photo ID before being allowed to cast their ballots,

:04:30. > :04:33.as part of a new trial. It's one of a number

:04:34. > :04:35.of efforts being introduced Our political correspondent

:04:36. > :04:40.Tom Bateman is in our Tom, why has the government decided

:04:41. > :04:53.this change is needed? Who will it affect? Good morning.

:04:54. > :04:57.This began a couple of years ago when the mayor of Tower Hamlets in

:04:58. > :05:02.east London was kicked out of office because a court found he was guilty

:05:03. > :05:05.of voting fraud. There were allegations and concerns about

:05:06. > :05:14.voters being bullied and intimidated into voting a certain way. The

:05:15. > :05:18.government as the former Security secretary Eric Pickles to this

:05:19. > :05:22.issue, and he came up with several recommendations, such as showing ID

:05:23. > :05:26.when they go into the polling both. He was worried about the post of

:05:27. > :05:31.rights and opportunities for people to fill those in four other people,

:05:32. > :05:36.and for fraud to take place there -- polling booth. The government says

:05:37. > :05:41.it will trial voters in England at the local elections in 2018 having

:05:42. > :05:45.to show some sort of idea. This will only happen in a few areas, and it

:05:46. > :05:50.might be things like passport or driving licence, or perhaps a bus

:05:51. > :05:53.pass or even a bankcard. Something like that. The government said it is

:05:54. > :05:58.determined to try to crack down on this. There are people in the Labour

:05:59. > :06:02.Party who say, this is not really as big an issue as the government is

:06:03. > :06:05.making out. It is potentially trying to rig the system to help people

:06:06. > :06:09.very conservative. They say in much bigger issue is how we registered to

:06:10. > :06:14.vote. They worried that lots of people have fallen off the voter

:06:15. > :06:15.register and in their view it is particularly Labour voters. I think

:06:16. > :06:19.this debate will go on. Thank you. Details are emerging

:06:20. > :06:21.of George Michael's charity work, as tributes continue to pour

:06:22. > :06:24.in since his death on Christmas Day. For years the singer had donated

:06:25. > :06:26.money to organisations, and worked undercover

:06:27. > :06:28.at a homeless shelter. He was a huge personality,

:06:29. > :06:33.whose life played out But behind this onstage persona,

:06:34. > :06:37.details of George Michael's charitable donations

:06:38. > :06:43.are now emerging. He had volunteered to work

:06:44. > :06:45.in a homeless shelter, He paid for a game show contestant

:06:46. > :06:52.to have IVF treatment. And gave Sport Relief ?50,000

:06:53. > :06:54.when David Walliams swam Children, cancer patients

:06:55. > :07:01.and many other charities Last night, tributes came

:07:02. > :07:08.from those closest to him. George Michael's partner,

:07:09. > :07:11.Fadi Fawaz, said he'd never forget this Christmas, having found him

:07:12. > :07:14.dead, peacefully in bed, His former long-term partner

:07:15. > :07:21.Kenny Goss paid tribute to an extremely kind and generous

:07:22. > :07:24.man, saying he loved him At his home in Goring-on-Thames

:07:25. > :07:32.in Oxfordshire, friends came There were emotional scenes

:07:33. > :07:38.at another of his houses, Highgate in London, from people

:07:39. > :07:41.struggling to come to terms with his death from

:07:42. > :07:44.suspected heart failure. I know that 2016 has been a bad

:07:45. > :07:48.year, and it is very sad for a lot of artists, but it was

:07:49. > :07:51.George Michael that got I think we grew up with him,

:07:52. > :07:56.was the main thing. George Michael's career spanned

:07:57. > :07:58.nearly four decades, and these fans will make

:07:59. > :08:01.sure his music lives on. Russian media is reporting

:08:02. > :08:10.that the black box flight recorder has been recovered from the military

:08:11. > :08:13.plane that crashed into 3000 people are involved

:08:14. > :08:23.in the search operation, Liz Smith, the actor best known

:08:24. > :08:30.for playing Nana in the sitcom The Royle Family, has

:08:31. > :08:33.died at the age of 95. A spokesperson for her family

:08:34. > :08:36.announced she passed away Peter Ruddick has been

:08:37. > :08:41.looking back at her life. Could she have wafer

:08:42. > :08:52.thin ham, Barbara? From dotty Nana Norma Speakman

:08:53. > :08:58.in The Royle Family to the eccentric baker Letitia Cropley

:08:59. > :09:01.in The Vicar Of Dibley, Liz Smith carved out

:09:02. > :09:03.a niche playing scatty Yeah, yeah, yeah.

:09:04. > :09:15.Yeah. Well, I put in a little

:09:16. > :09:27.something extra as well. She had been through a tough

:09:28. > :09:31.childhood, and an even tougher early career as a single mother of two

:09:32. > :09:34.with a series of part-time jobs. It was only when she was nearly 50

:09:35. > :09:38.that she got her breakthrough after being offered a theatre

:09:39. > :09:42.role by Mike Leigh. It was like a wonderful

:09:43. > :09:45.realisation that at last She may have started late,

:09:46. > :09:57.but she made up for lost time with award-winning roles

:09:58. > :09:59.in TV and film, resulting in her being awarded

:10:00. > :10:04.the MBE in 2009. But it will be as Nana,

:10:05. > :10:07.the Queen of Sheba, for which she will be

:10:08. > :10:13.most remembered. The actor Liz Smith,

:10:14. > :10:19.who has died at the age of 95. Only about half of the families

:10:20. > :10:22.in Britain own their homes, according to new analysis

:10:23. > :10:26.by the Resolution Foundation. Official housing statistics point

:10:27. > :10:28.to a much higher figure, but the Foundation believes

:10:29. > :10:30.the number of people living in privately rented accommodation

:10:31. > :10:35.has been underestimated. A number of roads remain closed

:10:36. > :10:38.in Scotland after the disruption Wind speeds in excess of 90 miles

:10:39. > :10:43.an hour were recorded on the island of Shetland

:10:44. > :10:46.on Boxing Day while large parts of the north experienced

:10:47. > :10:51.heavy snowfall. The Scottish Transport Minister has

:10:52. > :10:53.been chairing extra meetings of the government's resilience team

:10:54. > :11:00.to deal with the situation. A group of conservationists say

:11:01. > :11:03.that the world's fastest land animal, the cheetah,

:11:04. > :11:07.is rapidly heading for extinction. The Zoological Society of London

:11:08. > :11:10.says cheetah numbers in the world are falling

:11:11. > :11:12.because of human encroachment They say it's "crunch time"

:11:13. > :11:19.for the cats, with only an estimated 7000 left in Africa

:11:20. > :11:28.and just 50 in Iran. Let's take you back to our main

:11:29. > :11:37.story. The death of George Michael

:11:38. > :11:45.dominates the front pages That is the front page of the

:11:46. > :11:51.Telegraph, a lovely photograph of him. Norma Corby commenting that it

:11:52. > :11:57.was his inner conflict that made him so compelling -- Neil McCormick. You

:11:58. > :12:01.were someone special, George, in the Sun. The Daily Mail talking about

:12:02. > :12:04.him on the front page of the Mirror, the words of his partner as well.

:12:05. > :12:10.influential music stars in 2016, including David Bowie and Prince.

:12:11. > :12:20.Here's a look back at what's been a sad year for the world of music.

:12:21. > :12:36.# The bestselling show # Is the life on Mars #.

:12:37. > :12:42.Breaking news, sad news, that the singer David Bowie has died.

:12:43. > :12:46.Prince's home and recording studio is awash with tears and tributes as

:12:47. > :12:55.fans of all generations come to pay their respects to a musical genius.

:12:56. > :13:00.# You look like you are having fun # Watch out, here I come

:13:01. > :13:07.# You spin me right round, baby, like a record, baby, right round #.

:13:08. > :13:10.Give its tone of the most influential singer songwriters of

:13:11. > :13:16.all time, Leonard Cohen, who has died at the age of 92 -- tribute to

:13:17. > :13:27.one of the most influential. # Hallelujah... #.

:13:28. > :13:32.# Down, down, did the end down # Down, down, get down, deep end

:13:33. > :13:38.down #. George Michael, one of the biggest

:13:39. > :13:43.stars of his generation, has died at the age of 53.

:13:44. > :13:46.# I need someone to hold me, but I will wait for something more

:13:47. > :13:51.# Because I have to have faith # I have to have faith

:13:52. > :13:56.# Because I have to have faith, faith, faith

:13:57. > :13:57.# I have to have faith, hope, faith #.

:13:58. > :14:01.So what legacy will George Michael and other stars leave behind?

:14:02. > :14:03.Sid Griffin is a musician, songwriter and author and joins us

:14:04. > :14:14.Let's talk about George Michael first. He death really seems to have

:14:15. > :14:19.quite an impact on people. It does, but I think it is because he has a

:14:20. > :14:24.greater cultural impact than just a singer-songwriter. On many of his

:14:25. > :14:27.obituaries, he has sold millions of records, but not everybody has a

:14:28. > :14:31.cultural impact to match their musical impact. George Michael did.

:14:32. > :14:35.He represented something greater than just being a pop star who sold

:14:36. > :14:40.a lot of records. He represented something that the gay and lesbian

:14:41. > :14:44.community and something to left-wing politics, because he was an arch

:14:45. > :14:50.anti- Thatcherite. He was suspicious of new Labour. He wrote songs making

:14:51. > :14:55.light of his own situation and songs for the downtrodden. He never forgot

:14:56. > :14:59.the dance beat and the musical hooks, but he meant something more

:15:00. > :15:04.than just selling a lot of records. I think that is why George Michael

:15:05. > :15:09.has been such a painful loss these last 36 hours. Absolutely. So many

:15:10. > :15:10.of his songs are memorable for many different reasons, because he made

:15:11. > :15:19.an extraordinary comeback. He did, George Michael was on the

:15:20. > :15:24.cusp of them even greater comeback, he claimed to have a new solo album

:15:25. > :15:28.in the works 97% done and I'm sure we will hear it in one form or

:15:29. > :15:33.another over the next 18 months or something, it wouldn't be the final

:15:34. > :15:37.product he wanted. The loss of George Michael, you've heard the

:15:38. > :15:44.story, I'm sure all of Britain has, he gave ?15,000 to a woman who

:15:45. > :15:48.wanted IVF treatment, ?5,000 to a woman weeping in a cafe about her

:15:49. > :15:52.debts and couldn't get on top of her finances, he worked in a soup

:15:53. > :15:56.kitchen of a homeless shelter. This is an extraordinary man even by pop

:15:57. > :16:05.star standards. Lots of pop stars have a problem with drink, drugs and

:16:06. > :16:08.fame, it goes with the territory, the public eye brings that public

:16:09. > :16:12.pressure onto your private life but George Michael, the way he dealt

:16:13. > :16:17.with it openly and the way he led his life and he was an open book, he

:16:18. > :16:21.may not have liked it but I thought he dealt with it very well. It is

:16:22. > :16:25.just absurd that he has... He's only 53, so young! I wish there were more

:16:26. > :16:30.pop stars we could talk about that worked in homeless shelters! It does

:16:31. > :16:35.seem to have been quite a year, with David Bowie, Leonard Cohen, Prince,

:16:36. > :16:42.just to name a few. What do you make of it? Louise, let me do this really

:16:43. > :16:47.quickly. Rick Parfitt from status quo and George Michael, David Bowie,

:16:48. > :16:54.Glenn Frey the Eagles, by Clarke from Nashville in Austin, Texas,

:16:55. > :16:58.Belfast own's Kennedy, Ralph Stanley, the red Army plane crash

:16:59. > :17:05.yesterday and the ensemble, George Martin, Pete Burns, a tribe called

:17:06. > :17:09.quest, Leonard Cohen, and the great Merle Haggard of country and Western

:17:10. > :17:15.fame. It has been a ghastly year for fans of pop music. Those are pretty

:17:16. > :17:19.darn big names. Let's hope next year is a bit better. I don't see how it

:17:20. > :17:23.can be any worse! Thank you for your time this morning.

:17:24. > :17:27.Carol is talking about cold temperatures this morning?

:17:28. > :17:34.Good morning. A cold and frosty start if you haven't yet ventured

:17:35. > :17:38.out, temperatures got two -5 last night at Bournemouth airport but

:17:39. > :17:42.widely across England and Wales in particular they are below freezing.

:17:43. > :17:47.Mostly dry, high pressure in charge of our weather, a bit more of a

:17:48. > :17:52.squeeze for the north in the isobars, breezy so not as much of a

:17:53. > :17:57.problem with frost and fog. Some fog possible this morning in England and

:17:58. > :18:02.Wales and if it forms it will lift readily, leaving us with a cold

:18:03. > :18:07.start but also a sunny one. The temperatures by 9am, no great

:18:08. > :18:11.shakes. Sunshine in East Anglia, the Midlands into Wales, more cloud at

:18:12. > :18:14.times in northern England, Northern Ireland and Scotland but

:18:15. > :18:18.nonetheless, some of us will see some sunny spells and we have

:18:19. > :18:21.showers in the north and west of Scotland first thing. Those showers

:18:22. > :18:26.will continue for a time yet but eventually they will fade and it

:18:27. > :18:36.will dry up in the north and west of Scotland and here too we will see

:18:37. > :18:39.sunshine. More cloud coming in during the day and the sunshine will

:18:40. > :18:43.turn that bit hazy. Temperature wise, no great shakes, six, seven,

:18:44. > :18:46.maybe eight or nine at best. As we head through the evening and

:18:47. > :18:49.overnight, quickly we see a return to frost and fog, the fog will form

:18:50. > :18:53.more widely than last night. High pressure keeping things fairly

:18:54. > :18:58.static, look at the isobars, so widely spaced in England and Wales.

:18:59. > :19:02.Not much of a breeze to move the fog along. Early tomorrow morning there

:19:03. > :19:05.will be dense fog potentially leading to destruction, if you're

:19:06. > :19:10.travelling tomorrow there that in mind and keep in touch with your BBC

:19:11. > :19:19.local radio station or the travel pages online on the BBC where you

:19:20. > :19:23.will find the latest. It will be slow to clear, someone to clear at

:19:24. > :19:27.all, some will lift into low cloud. If you're stuck in an area without

:19:28. > :19:30.fault, temperatures will struggle to get above freezing but it will

:19:31. > :19:35.brighten up in the west, south-west, Wales, a grey day in western

:19:36. > :19:40.Scotland -- with that fog. A weather front in the north-west will bring

:19:41. > :19:44.more persistent rain. On Thursday, Windy especially in the north, not

:19:45. > :19:49.to the extent some have already seen. The weather in Edinburgh,

:19:50. > :19:52.Belfast, Cardiff and London, the capital cities, fairly cloudy and

:19:53. > :19:58.temperatures again nothing to write home about. We might get 11 on

:19:59. > :20:02.Friday in Belfast but the trend is onto the weekend, turning colder and

:20:03. > :20:05.the wind will turn to more of a northerly and some in the northern

:20:06. > :20:08.half of the country could see some wintryness in our weather as well.

:20:09. > :20:16.Lucky I got my gloves for Christmas then, Carol! Very handy. Thanks for

:20:17. > :20:17.keeping us company. See you in about an hour.

:20:18. > :20:20.For many of us, it's the time of year to either be sat around

:20:21. > :20:23.the dinner table or in front of the television.

:20:24. > :20:26.But with a rise in streaming services, gone are the days

:20:27. > :20:29.of the whole country watching the same programme at the same time.

:20:30. > :20:33.Breakfast's Sean Farrington has been looking at the boom in on-demand.

:20:34. > :20:39.We've been gorging this Christmas, not just on food but on data.

:20:40. > :20:46.This year the average household has consumed over 130 gigabytes of data

:20:47. > :20:53.each month, the equivalent to more than 200 episodes of Planet Earth,

:20:54. > :20:55.the iPlayer's most popular programme of the year.

:20:56. > :20:58.The way we get that data into our households is through broadband

:20:59. > :21:00.and the faster the connection the more

:21:01. > :21:02.likely we are to download our favourite programmes.

:21:03. > :21:05.The better the connection, 30 or 40 megabits a second,

:21:06. > :21:11.the more likely we are then to use online video like Sky TV,

:21:12. > :21:13.Amazon Prime, BBC iPlayer or Netflix.

:21:14. > :21:33.I want to start at the beginning, watch it all night.

:21:34. > :21:36.I watch iPlayer on the computer and sometimes on my mum's phone

:21:37. > :21:39.In the evening I will sit here and watch

:21:40. > :21:43.I will do something on my phone and my

:21:44. > :21:45.daughter will be upstairs with her laptop and occasionally,

:21:46. > :21:48.not every night at all, and occasionally the youngest

:21:49. > :21:53.will be in this bed with this best babysitter, the iPad,

:21:54. > :21:56.and he may just watch a bit of YouTube to settle him down

:21:57. > :22:02.Although there has been a big improvement on 2015,

:22:03. > :22:05.the regulator, Ofcom, says that large parts of the UK

:22:06. > :22:08.are still not able to get a decent broadband connection.

:22:09. > :22:11.Over 1 million homes not able to download fast and offer

:22:12. > :22:14.Broadband is so important now to families,

:22:15. > :22:17.particularly younger families, where every body wants to be online

:22:18. > :22:21.It is now is important to them as electricity

:22:22. > :22:25.The problem is that there are still frowned a thousand homes

:22:26. > :22:27.cannot stream one video will own two or

:22:28. > :22:30.It is important because the availability of faster

:22:31. > :22:33.broadband has meant we're taking more control of what we watch

:22:34. > :22:34.and more particularly when it suits us.

:22:35. > :22:41.The number crunchers at the BBC's iPlayer

:22:42. > :22:44.think they'll see traffic on their website increased by 36%

:22:45. > :22:47.When it's Christmas time you watch more

:22:48. > :23:03.You don't go to school, you have no homework.

:23:04. > :23:06.As we enter 2017 we noticed that the kids and family space

:23:07. > :23:09.is underserviced at the moment so we will invest heavily

:23:10. > :23:14.does not patronise young audiences.

:23:15. > :23:17.On average we watch over four hours of television a day.

:23:18. > :23:19.Mostly through the familiar TV channels.

:23:20. > :23:26.Still lots of room for growth for the likes of Amazon and Netflix

:23:27. > :23:27.with a particular challenge for 2017,

:23:28. > :23:29.can they get the whole family

:23:30. > :23:31.together in the same room to watch something online?

:23:32. > :23:34.Throughout England, there are around 160,000 children who care

:23:35. > :23:42.But the Children's Commissioner Anne Longfield says that the overwhelming

:23:43. > :23:45.number of these do so without any help from their local council.

:23:46. > :23:47.She joins me now, along with 16-year-old Leah,

:23:48. > :23:50.who cares for her mum when dad Jonathan is working away.

:23:51. > :23:58.Good morning, thank you for joining us. Leah, we will start with you, as

:23:59. > :24:02.a young carer yourself, I know you help with your mum and your younger

:24:03. > :24:07.brothers and sisters as well, what does it involve? It can involve the

:24:08. > :24:13.cleaning, the cooking, the washing, minding the children so my mum can

:24:14. > :24:23.have a bit of a break. And that's it. That's an awful lot to be doing.

:24:24. > :24:28.How old are you? 16. Presumably you're studying for your GCSEs?

:24:29. > :24:34.Yeah. How do you fit that in with all your other duties? It depends on

:24:35. > :24:38.what I'm doing, when my dad is working, I help my mum, when I come

:24:39. > :24:44.home from school I carry on helping her and I do my homework around

:24:45. > :24:49.7:30pm when everyone has gone to bed. How does that compare to your

:24:50. > :24:53.friends who don't have caring responsibilities, presumably they

:24:54. > :24:58.have a different light? Yeah. I don't think they give them the

:24:59. > :25:01.medication, they don't look after children -- different life. Your

:25:02. > :25:07.household chores they do but you don't do it as much as I would do.

:25:08. > :25:11.Do you feel the heavyweight of responsibility, how do you feel

:25:12. > :25:14.about doing it? It can be a bit stressful at times but I don't

:25:15. > :25:18.really mind because I know it's helping my mum at the end of the

:25:19. > :25:23.day. Jonathan, she's doing an amazing job? She certainly is. She's

:25:24. > :25:28.not in any way alone and the figures you have are extraordinary. What

:25:29. > :25:35.struck me most, some of these children identified, 160,000 young

:25:36. > :25:40.carers under the age of five. I wash up by that number, I didn't expect

:25:41. > :25:45.it, this is new information from the local authorities -- I was shocked.

:25:46. > :25:50.It is likely to be an underestimation as well! They said

:25:51. > :25:56.30 councils said 160 children under the age of five. That is something

:25:57. > :25:59.we need to know more about. You need to know what they're caring

:26:00. > :26:03.responsibilities in tail. They haven't given that information so I

:26:04. > :26:07.need to know what they are doing -- involve. Are you worried about these

:26:08. > :26:11.children taking on these responsibilities or that they aren't

:26:12. > :26:15.getting support? It's the fact they are under the radar and they aren't

:26:16. > :26:19.getting support. You heard from Leah, she loves her family, doing

:26:20. > :26:23.amazing things and without complaint, but they are heavy

:26:24. > :26:28.burdens and we know young carers are more likely to fall behind at school

:26:29. > :26:33.and have poor health and actually more likely to not have the freedoms

:26:34. > :26:37.of friendship that children of that age will, and those are heavy

:26:38. > :26:42.burdens and they need more help. Why are they going under the radar?

:26:43. > :26:46.Partly because local authorities don't know they are there so the

:26:47. > :26:51.information isn't good, that needs to improve. Partly because the

:26:52. > :26:55.emphasis on identifying them and assessing them rather than on

:26:56. > :26:59.providing support as well, that's an emphasis that probably needs to

:27:00. > :27:03.change so this poses real questions for local authorities about how they

:27:04. > :27:09.know more about carers, how they offer support and how schools can

:27:10. > :27:15.help as well. Can there be a role to install people to say they are

:27:16. > :27:19.carers? That is surely the case, that families will often be

:27:20. > :27:23.reluctant to say this. -- can there be able items. Possibly there could

:27:24. > :27:28.be bullying at school when they stand out. When schools do know

:27:29. > :27:31.about this -- can there be reluctance. They can offer

:27:32. > :27:37.additional support and raise the issue in assemblies. In the

:27:38. > :27:43.south-west for example, 40% of children who are carers get help, in

:27:44. > :27:47.London that drops to 17% so it is possible. Leah, you do get help,

:27:48. > :27:54.what kind of things are you given help with? With the young carers,

:27:55. > :27:58.you can go on a break or something, so if you need to give them a call

:27:59. > :28:06.they are available 24/7. You have been on breaks as well, haven't you.

:28:07. > :28:09.Do you talk with your friends about your responsibilities? I don't talk

:28:10. > :28:13.to them about what I do but they have heard the expression young

:28:14. > :28:18.carers before but I don't tell them what I've done. With your other

:28:19. > :28:22.young carers, does that help when you talk about your experiences?

:28:23. > :28:26.It's not just me, there's hundreds of people there as well. What kind

:28:27. > :28:33.of support would make a big difference or have you got enough? I

:28:34. > :28:37.think I've got enough but it would be good if it was in school is a bit

:28:38. > :28:44.more and stuff. That means people would be more aware about it. -- in

:28:45. > :28:48.schools. Is there a stigma? There could be but I don't think there

:28:49. > :28:55.should be, this is exactly what other young carers say. This is

:28:56. > :28:59.about acknowledging, recognising and providing the understanding and

:29:00. > :29:04.support when needed. Thank you all. Good luck as well with your exams, I

:29:05. > :29:06.know it's really important. Thank you very much.

:29:07. > :29:09.From a suitcase, to a military jacket,

:29:10. > :29:12.we'll hear the remarkable stories behind the ordinary objects,

:29:13. > :30:06.Hello, this is Breakfast with Louise Minchin.

:30:07. > :30:09.Coming up, we've got a special edition of Click,

:30:10. > :30:12.looking back on what new technology was unveiled this year.

:30:13. > :30:14.But first, a summary of this morning's main news.

:30:15. > :30:17.The Children's Commissioner for England says the vast majority

:30:18. > :30:19.of young carers receive no support from local

:30:20. > :30:23.More than 160,000 young people in England are carers

:30:24. > :30:26.but Anne Longfield says four out of five of them

:30:27. > :30:32.The Local Government Association said funding cuts mean councils

:30:33. > :30:37.are being forced to make difficult decisions.

:30:38. > :30:40.Some voters in England will have to show photo ID before

:30:41. > :30:44.being allowed to vote, as part of a new trial.

:30:45. > :30:46.It's one of a number of schemes being introduced

:30:47. > :30:49.by the government to reduce electoral fraud.

:30:50. > :30:51.The councils involved will use the measure

:30:52. > :30:56.It comes after a report into voter corruption

:30:57. > :31:02.Details have emerged of George Michael's charity work,

:31:03. > :31:06.as tributes continue to pour in after his sudden death.

:31:07. > :31:09.He was found dead at home on Christmas Day.

:31:10. > :31:12.For years the singer had donated money to organisations,

:31:13. > :31:18.and recently worked undercover at a homeless shelter.

:31:19. > :31:21.The actor Liz Smith has died at the age of 95.

:31:22. > :31:24.She was best known for comedy roles playing often

:31:25. > :31:27.eccentric older ladies, including Mrs Cropley in the Vicar

:31:28. > :31:31.of Dibley and Nana in the Royle Family.

:31:32. > :31:34.Her breakthrough role only came in her late 40s but she enjoyed

:31:35. > :31:36.a career lasting more than four decades until her

:31:37. > :31:45.A number of roads remain closed in Scotland after the disruption

:31:46. > :31:49.Wind speeds in excess of 90 miles an hour were recorded

:31:50. > :31:52.on the island of Shetland on Boxing Day while large parts

:31:53. > :31:56.of the north experienced heavy snowfall.

:31:57. > :31:59.The Scottish Transport Minister has been chairing extra meetings

:32:00. > :32:04.of the government's resilience team to deal with the situation.

:32:05. > :32:10.Coming up on the programme, Carol will have the weather.

:32:11. > :32:21.coming up next it's Match of the Day, so just a brief round up

:32:22. > :32:26.It's 12 wins in a row for Chelsea at the top

:32:27. > :32:30.They were missing key players Diego Costa and Ngolo Kante

:32:31. > :32:33.for their match against Bournemouth, but they came through as 3-0

:32:34. > :32:36.winners thanks to goals from Pedro, Eden Hazard and a late own goal.

:32:37. > :32:38.They're seven points clear now at the top,

:32:39. > :32:48.and in those 12 games they've kept 10 clean sheets.

:32:49. > :33:03.We had many chances to score more goals, but today we played a game

:33:04. > :33:06.without two important players, but I think we played very well.

:33:07. > :33:08.Here are the rest of yesterday's results -

:33:09. > :33:12.as you can see, there were also wins at the top end of the table

:33:13. > :33:14.for Manchester City, Manchester United and Arsenal.

:33:15. > :33:17.Liverpool play Stoke later, Jurgen Klopp's side will go second

:33:18. > :33:21.The favourite, Thistlecrack, claimed an impressive win in the big

:33:22. > :33:24.Boxing Day race at Kempton Park, the King George VI Chase.

:33:25. > :33:27.Ridden by Tom Scudamore, Thistlecrack charged clear

:33:28. > :33:30.on the final circuit to take an imperious victory ahead

:33:31. > :33:38.It was only Thistlecrack's fourth race over fences.

:33:39. > :33:41.It took them until Boxing Day, but Bristol rugby have their first

:33:42. > :33:44.win of the season, beating Worcester 28-20.

:33:45. > :33:47.The Premiership's bottom side played much of the match with ten men,

:33:48. > :33:50.but a hat-trick from Tom Varndell helped them close the gap

:33:51. > :33:55.on their opponents at the foot of the table to just two points.

:33:56. > :33:59.There were three derby matches in the Pro12.

:34:00. > :34:02.Glasgow ended a run of three straight defeats by beating Scottish

:34:03. > :34:05.rivals Edinburgh 25-12 at Murrayfield.

:34:06. > :34:07.Cardiff Blues beat Newport and Munster beat Leinster

:34:08. > :34:21.I'm staying on the BBC News Channel until 9.00 this morning,

:34:22. > :34:27.Find out why more of us are streaming our favourite TV shows

:34:28. > :34:32.From a suitcase to a military jacket, we'll hear the remarkable

:34:33. > :34:35.stories behind the ordinary objects, featured in a new series on Radio 4.

:34:36. > :34:39.And we sort out the crackers from the turkeys in a look back

:34:40. > :34:43.at the cinema releases of the past year.

:34:44. > :34:50.This is where we say goodbye to our viewers on BBC One.

:34:51. > :34:52.Thank you for joining us this morning.

:34:53. > :34:56.on the News Channel, it's time now to see

:34:57. > :34:59.what Spencer Kelly and the rest of the Click team got up to in 2016.