26/12/2017

0:00:05 > 0:00:06Hello, this is Breakfast, with Steph McGovern.

0:00:06 > 0:00:09Universities are warned they must protect free speech

0:00:09 > 0:00:12and allow students to both hear and challenge contorversial views.

0:00:12 > 0:00:14The Universities minister says academic institutions should be

0:00:14 > 0:00:22places which open minds, not close them.

0:00:39 > 0:00:39Good morning.

0:00:39 > 0:00:41It's Tuesday the 26th of December.

0:00:41 > 0:00:42Also this morning -

0:00:42 > 0:00:45The Boxing Day sales have used to be big news for bargain-hunters,

0:00:45 > 0:00:47but new BBC research suggests that the traditional post-Christmas

0:00:47 > 0:00:52spending spree is losing its appeal.

0:00:52 > 0:00:55In sport - the Boxing Day test is under way.

0:00:55 > 0:00:58The task for England is to avoid a 5-0 whitewash in the Ashes series

0:00:58 > 0:01:05but so far, Melbourne is being kinder to Australia.

0:01:05 > 0:01:09Some parts of the UK officially had a White Christmas but what can

0:01:09 > 0:01:10we expect this Boxing Day?

0:01:10 > 0:01:13Philip has the weather.

0:01:13 > 0:01:19Good morning. Yes. At least for some, there was a white Christmas. I

0:01:19 > 0:01:25will have all the details on whether many more of you will see something

0:01:25 > 0:01:27a bit like this.

0:01:27 > 0:01:28Good morning.

0:01:28 > 0:01:29First, our main story.

0:01:29 > 0:01:32The Universities Minister, Jo Johnson, will use a speech today

0:01:32 > 0:01:34to give his clearest warning yet that academic institutions must

0:01:34 > 0:01:35protect free speech.

0:01:35 > 0:01:38He'll say students must be able to both hear and challenge

0:01:38 > 0:01:40controversial views during their years of study.

0:01:40 > 0:01:43Some universities and student groups have refused entry to speakers,

0:01:43 > 0:01:48Edward Curwen reports.

0:01:52 > 0:02:05The body said it would not allow legitimate debate to be stifled.

0:02:05 > 0:02:08Millions are expected to head out to the Boxing Day sales,

0:02:08 > 0:02:11marking the start of a what has traditionally been a crucial period

0:02:11 > 0:02:12for retailers across the UK.

0:02:12 > 0:02:15Our reporter John McManus is on Oxford Street in London.

0:02:15 > 0:02:22There aren't many people here. 300 shops are here on Oxford Street. I

0:02:22 > 0:02:26counted less than ten people here this morning who are waiting for the

0:02:26 > 0:02:30shops to open at nine o'clock for the Boxing Day sale. We know that

0:02:30 > 0:02:35many people out across the high streets today trying to grab a

0:02:35 > 0:02:40bargain but perhaps those Boxing Day sales are not as spectacular as they

0:02:40 > 0:02:56were in the past. A survey has said... INAUDIBLE. A BBC survey has

0:02:56 > 0:03:00said some of the shine had been taken of the Boxing Day sales

0:03:00 > 0:03:07because of the Black Friday sales before Christmas. INAUDIBLE.Sorry

0:03:07 > 0:03:13about the line. Basically, because we have been shopping a lot on Black

0:03:13 > 0:03:17Friday and the run-up to Christmas, it is not looking like a big deal

0:03:17 > 0:03:25with the Boxing Day sales. We will be speaking about it later on. We

0:03:25 > 0:03:27will get the line sorted with John as well.

0:03:27 > 0:03:31The Royal Navy says there has been an increase in the number of Russian

0:03:31 > 0:03:34ships travelling through, or near the UK's territorial waters

0:03:34 > 0:03:35over the festive period.

0:03:35 > 0:03:38On Christmas Day, HMS St Albans was sent to escort

0:03:38 > 0:03:41a Russian warship through the North Sea as it passed close

0:03:41 > 0:03:42to UK waters.

0:03:42 > 0:03:44Defence Secretary Gavin Williamson said he will not "tolerate any

0:03:44 > 0:03:54form of aggression".

0:03:54 > 0:03:56A British woman being held on suspicion of drug-smuggling

0:03:56 > 0:03:59will appear in court in Egypt later this morning.

0:03:59 > 0:04:01Laura Plummer was arrested in October when officials found 290

0:04:01 > 0:04:05tramadol tablets in her suitcase, which are legal in the UK,

0:04:05 > 0:04:06but not in Egypt.

0:04:06 > 0:04:09The shop assistant from Hull claims she was carrying the pills

0:04:09 > 0:04:13for her Egyptian partner, who suffers from back pain.

0:04:13 > 0:04:15A tropical storm that was threatening southern Vietnam has

0:04:15 > 0:04:18weakened and is expected to dissipate within the next 48 hours.

0:04:18 > 0:04:21Yesterday, hundreds of thousands of people were told they may need

0:04:21 > 0:04:23to evacuate their homes as forecasters warned

0:04:23 > 0:04:33that up to 200 centimetres of rain could fall.

0:04:33 > 0:04:36A 20-year-old man will appear before magistrates this morning charged

0:04:36 > 0:04:39with murder after a fatal stabbing in a restaurant in Middlesbrough

0:04:39 > 0:04:40on Christmas Eve.

0:04:40 > 0:04:42Efreeqi Mohamed Siddig is accused of killing 41-year-old

0:04:42 > 0:04:49Mazhar Ali from Stockton-on-Tees who died in hospital yesterday.

0:04:49 > 0:04:52The NHS has promised to cut back on prescribing gluten-free biscuits,

0:04:52 > 0:04:53pasta and anti-dandruff shampoo.

0:04:53 > 0:04:56A study by the Taxpayers Alliance has found many items

0:04:56 > 0:04:58which are prescribed by GPs in England are available

0:04:58 > 0:05:01in supermarkets - often at a much cheaper price.

0:05:01 > 0:05:09Nick Quraishi reports.

0:05:13 > 0:05:16The taxpayers Alliance has highlighted a number of items it

0:05:16 > 0:05:21says was prescribed the NHS last year. They include this sunscreen, a

0:05:21 > 0:05:28nonbranded version is available for half the price. Branded gluten-free

0:05:28 > 0:05:31biscuits, significantly more expensive than the supermarket

0:05:31 > 0:05:41equivalent. Argue present, away from the NHS. -- ibuprophen.

0:05:54 > 0:05:57In response, and NHS England a spokesman said...

0:06:07 > 0:06:12The health service says it is already reviewing ten items it

0:06:12 > 0:06:16claims are ineffective, unnecessary and inappropriate for prescriptions.

0:06:16 > 0:06:19If you've enjoyed a day of festive excess -

0:06:19 > 0:06:21eating and drinking a little too much -

0:06:21 > 0:06:24perhaps the most you want to do to exert yourself is to try

0:06:24 > 0:06:26and reach for the remote control.

0:06:26 > 0:06:28So - spare a thought for the competitors

0:06:28 > 0:06:30of the Wingsuit Flying World Cup.

0:06:30 > 0:06:33They spent most of their Christmas jumping out of planes or balloon

0:06:33 > 0:06:38as Tim Allman explains.

0:06:38 > 0:06:43You know what they say - what goes up must come down.

0:06:43 > 0:06:46A principle they understand all too well at the

0:06:46 > 0:06:49Wingsuit Flying World Cup.

0:06:49 > 0:06:51Teams from around the globe competing in this extreme

0:06:51 > 0:06:56and hair-raising sport.

0:06:56 > 0:07:00TRANSLATION:I travelled more than 400 kilometres

0:07:00 > 0:07:01to see this.

0:07:01 > 0:07:04We arrived here early in the morning, just to watch

0:07:04 > 0:07:05the wingsuit flying show.

0:07:05 > 0:07:08It's spectacular!

0:07:08 > 0:07:10You can say that again.

0:07:10 > 0:07:13A couple of skydivers perform a 360-degree rotating nosedive.

0:07:13 > 0:07:24While others piggybacked from their teammates.

0:07:24 > 0:07:27But not everybody was happy with how things turned out.

0:07:27 > 0:07:30TRANSLATION:I think our performance this time didn't reflect our real

0:07:30 > 0:07:30strength.

0:07:30 > 0:07:32We will get to our best through regular competition.

0:07:32 > 0:07:35I hope we perform better next time.

0:07:35 > 0:07:36The Chinese team finished third overall,

0:07:36 > 0:07:38behind the winners, France, and the United States,

0:07:38 > 0:07:41who came second.

0:07:41 > 0:07:43It is a non-profit event, and the local

0:07:43 > 0:07:48school received a cheque worth more than $30,000.

0:07:48 > 0:07:50So some charitable spirit, combined with a little

0:07:50 > 0:07:50heart-stopping terror.

0:07:50 > 0:08:02How can you get more festive than that?

0:08:02 > 0:08:05It has officially been a white Christmas in the UK for some,

0:08:05 > 0:08:08with areas of Cumbria and the south of Scotland

0:08:08 > 0:08:10recording light snowfall.

0:08:10 > 0:08:13The last officially white Christmas was recorded three years ago,

0:08:13 > 0:08:20when parts of the Northern Isles in Scotland saw some snow.

0:08:20 > 0:08:23More wintry showers are expected - we'll get the latest from Phil

0:08:23 > 0:08:30in the weather centre in ten minutes.

0:08:30 > 0:08:32Lovely pictures from yesterday.

0:08:32 > 0:08:36Out of all the photographers waiting to snap a picture of the royal

0:08:36 > 0:08:38family at the Christmas Day service in Sandringham,

0:08:38 > 0:08:41it was a mum from Norfolk who managed to capture

0:08:41 > 0:08:45the perfect image.

0:08:45 > 0:08:48This photograph taken by Karen Anvil has now been used

0:08:48 > 0:08:51by journalists from all over the world.

0:08:51 > 0:08:54She says she hopes its sale will help with her daughter's

0:08:54 > 0:09:02university costs.

0:09:02 > 0:09:05That picture is on a lot of the front covers this morning. We will

0:09:05 > 0:09:07look at the papers later.

0:09:07 > 0:09:09For many people Christmas can be a very lonely time,

0:09:09 > 0:09:13but there are hundreds of volunteers across the UK trying to help those

0:09:13 > 0:09:14who feel isolated.

0:09:14 > 0:09:16Children from the Ahmadiyya Muslim Youth Association are writing

0:09:16 > 0:09:19Christmas cards, visiting care homes and giving out food

0:09:19 > 0:09:20to those in need.

0:09:20 > 0:09:23Joining us now are the head of the organisation Abdul Lodhi

0:09:23 > 0:09:39and the Yorkshire regional youth leader Nadeem Ahmed.

0:09:39 > 0:09:45Yesterday we were out all over the country.Visiting care homes and

0:09:45 > 0:09:51spending time with elderly members and just doing all sorts of welfare

0:09:51 > 0:09:54activities, leading homeless people. We don't actually celebrate

0:09:54 > 0:09:59Christmas ourselves at it is a time where we joined the nation, as the

0:09:59 > 0:10:05majority do, to show solidarity and that is how we get involved, I

0:10:05 > 0:10:10serving a local community in any way possible. Yesterday we were in

0:10:10 > 0:10:34Yorkshire. I was with Nadeem.Did you get a good reception?As you

0:10:34 > 0:10:38know, these people get lonely towards Christmas. We just go there

0:10:38 > 0:10:44to put a smile on their face and as an act of charity. We go out of our

0:10:44 > 0:10:49way, at our own expense, and spend the whole day with them. We provide

0:10:49 > 0:11:00a free taxi service. There is no public transport here. So we go out

0:11:00 > 0:11:04in our own cars and go to these centres, pick them up and take them

0:11:04 > 0:11:11to their reception where they have every Christmas Day and replayed

0:11:11 > 0:11:15bingo. We provide toiletries and sleeping bags for the homeless

0:11:15 > 0:11:20people that attend and give gifts to the orphans that are also there.

0:11:20 > 0:11:27Basically, as Muslims, it turns, we are duty-bound to provide assistance

0:11:27 > 0:11:33and it is our right to fill the rights of God and to have filled the

0:11:33 > 0:11:42rights of man.Is that the reason you do it?This is purely driven by

0:11:42 > 0:11:47our faith. As practising Muslims, it is our obligation to serve humanity

0:11:47 > 0:11:54and mankind. It is not just Christmas, we do at all throughout

0:11:54 > 0:12:00the year. We plan our activities, we get all our youth members involved,

0:12:00 > 0:12:07to practise their faith at this level. Not just, we can say Islam

0:12:07 > 0:12:12means peace but we try to practise what we preach. It is a way of

0:12:12 > 0:12:17showing it, by helping those who are most vulnerable and this is ongoing

0:12:17 > 0:12:21throughout the year. Not just in the winter, around Christmas time, but

0:12:21 > 0:12:29throughout the year. Children as young as the age of seven and up

0:12:29 > 0:12:36until 40 in the Ahmadiyya Muslim Youth Association get involved.It

0:12:36 > 0:12:41works both ways. We were talking yesterday about loneliness at

0:12:41 > 0:12:50Christmas and it can be really tough. Especially if you have some

0:12:50 > 0:12:56of your youth teams meeting the elderly.They get really happy

0:12:56 > 0:12:59seeing the young members. There is so much people can do, especially

0:12:59 > 0:13:08young members, invest their time. -- in their spare time. To see the

0:13:08 > 0:13:12young people take part in these activities, I think it is

0:13:12 > 0:13:15encouraging for me to see as an organiser, that these guys want to

0:13:15 > 0:13:20do this. This is all driven by their faith and true teachings of Islam

0:13:20 > 0:13:33and it is how we are all brought up within our community.Nadeem.Are

0:13:33 > 0:13:40senior citizens have given a lot to this country. There is no point

0:13:40 > 0:13:46sitting at home. We might as well get engaged. We go out and visit and

0:13:46 > 0:13:51meet these people as well and we get a good response from them and they

0:13:51 > 0:13:56acknowledged us as well.I bet you do. You have the big clear up coming

0:13:56 > 0:14:04up as well.To conclude our winter campaign, on New Year's Day we get

0:14:04 > 0:14:09together, we have over 130 branches across the UK and we just encourage

0:14:09 > 0:14:15everyone to engage the local council and work with them, identify an area

0:14:15 > 0:14:20that needs attention for clearing up and that's it. Our members go out

0:14:20 > 0:14:26and they just clear the roads.It's just picking up rubbish, basically.

0:14:26 > 0:14:31Yes, across various areas. We work with many organisations but it is

0:14:31 > 0:14:35mainly with the council because they help us with giving us equipment and

0:14:35 > 0:14:40things like that. It is great. Again, a lot of the youth members

0:14:40 > 0:14:45come out in the early hours of the morning and we spend a few hours

0:14:45 > 0:14:54every morning on New Year's Day and it's great to see for think probably

0:14:54 > 0:15:05around, -- it is great to see. We get lots of people. These guys come

0:15:05 > 0:15:10out and clear up with a smile on their faces.When you have finished

0:15:10 > 0:15:14that, you can come and do my house. Thank you so much, good luck with

0:15:14 > 0:15:26everything. Time to find out what is happening with the weather.

0:15:29 > 0:15:34Full of festive cheer, still?Yes! On a personal night, going back to

0:15:34 > 0:15:38that previous item, if you are suffering from loneliness, from own

0:15:38 > 0:15:42personal experience I can tell you that going out and litter picking in

0:15:42 > 0:15:45your local community is a great way of breaking down those momentous

0:15:45 > 0:15:49barriers and getting people to say hello and how are you and all the

0:15:49 > 0:15:53rest of it. It works very well. And there is plenty of litter out of

0:15:53 > 0:15:58there, I can assure you. Enough of the public service broadcast. We

0:15:58 > 0:16:01were talking about when she weather getting into the central belt last

0:16:01 > 0:16:07night. Lo and behold, a white Christmas. . It is pretty confined,

0:16:07 > 0:16:11but lots of folk up and down the eight and the higher ground on

0:16:11 > 0:16:14either side of the eight workup today covering this morning, several

0:16:14 > 0:16:22centimetres in some locations. -- the M8. There are plenty of reasons

0:16:22 > 0:16:26to be out and about today, the sport is on some shops are open, so be

0:16:26 > 0:16:30aware of the ice issue. That threat of snow pulling away into the North

0:16:30 > 0:16:33Sea but leaving behind a peppering of showers which will become

0:16:33 > 0:16:36increasingly wintry across the northern half of Scotland as we go

0:16:36 > 0:16:40through the day. Showers to be had as we go into Northern Ireland

0:16:40 > 0:16:44across the high ground of northern England. Generally speaking it is a

0:16:44 > 0:16:48much brighter and much fresher they then we have had lately. No more

0:16:48 > 0:16:53than ten or 12. As you can see, it is actually start. Make the most of

0:16:53 > 0:16:57the relatively bright start in the south-west, because I lunchtime we

0:16:57 > 0:17:01should have the first signs of more wet and windy weather piling into

0:17:01 > 0:17:04the south-western quarter and becoming ever more extensive across

0:17:04 > 0:17:10good parts of the southern half of the UK as we get through the UK.

0:17:10 > 0:17:16Yesterday, this was ten or 11 or 12 territory. The wind freshening up as

0:17:16 > 0:17:23well. Away from that zone, there is plenty of sunshine around. 12

0:17:23 > 0:17:27isolated showers but they will be the exception to a dry rule in that

0:17:27 > 0:17:32central swathe of the British Isles. These showers becoming increasingly

0:17:32 > 0:17:36wintry, and they will be coming down to low levels. Now we are not done

0:17:36 > 0:17:40with the wintry stuff just yet. All of that cold air is lurking there.

0:17:40 > 0:17:42All this moisture coming in underneath. Look at this. A

0:17:42 > 0:17:48conversion. As that cool a row on the Northern Ireland western flanks

0:17:48 > 0:17:51of the low pressure sinks down towards the peaks and the Pennines,

0:17:51 > 0:17:54coming into the Welsh hills and into the Midlands, and then for

0:17:54 > 0:17:59Wednesday, we'd just wished that threat of snow a little bit further

0:17:59 > 0:18:03south and a little bit further east. Lots of wet weather in there as

0:18:03 > 0:18:08well. If you stay with the rain, my word, that is 35 or 45 millimetres

0:18:08 > 0:18:13of rain. Once that is gone, there is a bright day and actually won as

0:18:13 > 0:18:17well. Lots of weather going on at the moment. I will be back tomorrow,

0:18:17 > 0:18:21probably telling you about slow for the southern half of the UK. Then it

0:18:21 > 0:18:25gets a bit unsettled those who go into that second half of the week

0:18:25 > 0:18:28with the fronts coming in from the Atlantic.Philip, I must ask, how

0:18:28 > 0:18:34was the BBC Christmas canteen dinner? Yesterday?It was right

0:18:34 > 0:18:37upper there, along with all the other years I have dragged the

0:18:37 > 0:18:41family in. That makes it sound like it is against their will, actually,

0:18:41 > 0:18:45they volunteer me to work so they can come in and enjoy the

0:18:45 > 0:18:48hospitality of the BBC.Well, that says lots about your cooking. Thank

0:18:48 > 0:18:49you.

0:18:49 > 0:18:52You're watching Breakfast from BBC News.

0:18:52 > 0:18:54The main stories this morning: Universities are warned

0:18:54 > 0:18:57by the government they must allow students to hear controversial views

0:18:57 > 0:18:58in order to protect free speech.

0:18:58 > 0:19:01Boxing Day bargain hunting could be losing its appeal,

0:19:01 > 0:19:03according to new BBC research, as shops open their doors

0:19:03 > 0:19:10for the traditional sales.

0:19:12 > 0:19:19Let's take a look at this morning's papers.

0:19:19 > 0:19:23No papers yesterday, of course. These are the first ones which have

0:19:23 > 0:19:27lots of pictures of the royal family this morning. Holly joins us to go

0:19:27 > 0:19:31through the sport pages as well. This is the picture on a lot of the

0:19:31 > 0:19:35front covers this morning. What is interesting about this is that it is

0:19:35 > 0:19:38not an official photographer which took this, despite lots of Karachi

0:19:38 > 0:19:42on the Sandringham estate yesterday to capture the pictures of the royal

0:19:42 > 0:19:50families on the way the church service. -- paparazzi. This was

0:19:50 > 0:19:58actually taken by Karen, he was there with her iPhone. -- who was.

0:19:58 > 0:20:01Meghan Markle was the focus of lots of people there yesterday. She got

0:20:01 > 0:20:06on with her first official trip with the royal family. The story next to

0:20:06 > 0:20:10it on the Times this morning, just talking about universities opening

0:20:10 > 0:20:14their minds of students, not closing them. This is to do with that story

0:20:14 > 0:20:16were talking about this morning from the universities minister, Joe

0:20:16 > 0:20:22Johnson, who is morning academic -- warning academic institutions today

0:20:22 > 0:20:26that they should allow free speech, so allow any controversial speakers

0:20:26 > 0:20:30to be a will to speak within academic settings. The Daily

0:20:30 > 0:20:34Express, that picture again of the royal couple there. The story there

0:20:34 > 0:20:38about Boxing Day sales, they say £4 billion will be spent in the shops

0:20:38 > 0:20:41today. We will be talking this morning about how that will compare

0:20:41 > 0:20:46to previous years. There is some speculation that, actually, we are

0:20:46 > 0:20:51not looking too attractive for the Boxing Day sales. The Daily

0:20:51 > 0:20:56Telegraph, this is a story this morning which is connect it to the

0:20:56 > 0:21:01Christmas Charity appeal. They say the homeless were denied food left

0:21:01 > 0:21:05to waste. Michael Gove has said that much, much more must be done to

0:21:05 > 0:21:12tackle food waste. Producers are incentivised to send their surplus

0:21:12 > 0:21:15food to green energy plants rather than to charities to feed the

0:21:15 > 0:21:18vulnerable. Lots of stories about the royal family and a couple of

0:21:18 > 0:21:22others. And sport, it is all about cricket?It is, though we haven't

0:21:22 > 0:21:26had much action over the past few days, so lots of the back pages are

0:21:26 > 0:21:30dominated by pale blue. We are talking about Boxing Day sales as

0:21:30 > 0:21:34well. This time it is the January sales we are referring to and I

0:21:34 > 0:21:37don't there will be many bargains. Reading the headlines, unstoppable,

0:21:37 > 0:21:43is the Premier League over already? Man City miles ahead of anybody

0:21:43 > 0:21:47else. They are looking ahead to how much they will be spending. This

0:21:47 > 0:21:53caught my eye. During the Ashes, it seems they are managing to have a

0:21:53 > 0:21:56bit of fun down under despite the 29 or 30 degrees heat. Jonny Bairstow,

0:21:56 > 0:22:00Tom Curren and Stuart Broad enjoying Christmas festivities with Santa

0:22:00 > 0:22:09Claus in the background as well. They were only going to get away

0:22:09 > 0:22:13with that on Boxing Day, they would criticise them to Christmas Day. Did

0:22:13 > 0:22:17you have a good day yesterday?Yes, I ate far too much, like everybody

0:22:17 > 0:22:21else, but it was lovely. It was really nice to relax and see family

0:22:21 > 0:22:24and eat far too much turkey.You didn't fancy throwing yourself into

0:22:24 > 0:22:29the sea, did you? Lots of people seem to have done that yesterday. It

0:22:29 > 0:22:33is really interesting. I go to the Boxing Day version, up in the

0:22:33 > 0:22:37north-east where I am from, and all the people who, in various costumes,

0:22:37 > 0:22:42will run into the ocean.It is incredible. Who wants to do that on

0:22:42 > 0:22:47Christmas morning?Lots of people, apparently. There is a group of

0:22:47 > 0:22:55people dressed as mermaids. It must be absolutely Baltic. Hundreds of

0:22:55 > 0:22:58Christmas swimmers, they say, enjoying a festive dip, singing as

0:22:58 > 0:23:03they ran in. You would have to sing, just to...Just to keep your mind

0:23:03 > 0:23:08off it. I think I will stick to the onesie.Yes, the onesie in front of

0:23:08 > 0:23:15the telly. Now, more about cricket? Well, talking about being cold, that

0:23:15 > 0:23:19isn't a problem for the England team in Australia. They are into their

0:23:19 > 0:23:23fourth test now, the penultimate test. But already, as we know, the

0:23:23 > 0:23:27series has already gone to Australia. They have won the Ashes.

0:23:27 > 0:23:34We just need a bit of pride, don't we? It can't be 5-0?Can you

0:23:34 > 0:23:38imagine? This is the concern now, a whitewash, which has happened in the

0:23:38 > 0:23:41past and it is something England will be trying to avoid.

0:23:43 > 0:23:46England have some work to do if they're to avoid going 4-0 down

0:23:46 > 0:23:47in the series.

0:23:47 > 0:23:49David Warner punished the England bowlers again,

0:23:49 > 0:23:50making a century.

0:23:50 > 0:23:52The tourists did recover slightly, taking two wickets between lunch

0:23:52 > 0:23:55and tea, and another in the final session,

0:23:55 > 0:23:58but Tom Curran's debut hasn't gone as he'd have liked and Australia

0:23:58 > 0:24:03are now 208/3.

0:24:03 > 0:24:05Football's festive fixtures continue with eight games today,

0:24:05 > 0:24:07leaders Manchester City play Newcastle tomorrow but in this

0:24:07 > 0:24:09afternoon's early kick-off, Tottenham meet Southampton

0:24:09 > 0:24:12with Harry Kane looking to break a record held by Alan Shearer.

0:24:12 > 0:24:15Kane's hat-trick in Saturday's win over Burnley put him level

0:24:15 > 0:24:20with Shearer on 36.

0:24:23 > 0:24:26Manchester United's task today is to narrow the huge 14-point gap

0:24:26 > 0:24:29between themselves and Manchester City at the top of the table.

0:24:29 > 0:24:31They're at home to Burnley today.

0:24:31 > 0:24:34United slipped up at the weekend, allowing Leicester to equalise

0:24:34 > 0:24:37in injury time, but Burnley manager Sean Dyche knows that doesn't

0:24:37 > 0:24:46mean his side will get an easy ride.

0:24:46 > 0:24:51They still look a high-quality group of players to me. I was there

0:24:51 > 0:24:56recently, about to dig in and get a win, actually, but that is a mark of

0:24:56 > 0:25:00a good side. If it is not quite fair day or the other team are playing

0:25:00 > 0:25:04well, still out with a result. I do think we are going there expecting

0:25:04 > 0:25:06it to be anything other than a tough game.

0:25:06 > 0:25:09In the late kick-off, Liverpool host bottom of the table

0:25:09 > 0:25:12Swansea, who are still looking for a new manager after sacking

0:25:12 > 0:25:13Paul Clement last week.

0:25:13 > 0:25:16Liverpool's last game was their 3-0 draw with Arsenal on Friday,

0:25:16 > 0:25:19so they've had an extra day to recover for this match -

0:25:19 > 0:25:23but manager Jurgen Klopp knows a side in trouble is a dangerous

0:25:23 > 0:25:23one.

0:25:23 > 0:25:30They are under pressure. And that's clear, because they are fighting for

0:25:30 > 0:25:40the league, 100%. We will be ready and we will perform.

0:25:40 > 0:25:43Just one game in the Scottish Premiership this afternoon with

0:25:43 > 0:25:48champions Celtic away to Dundee. We will be keeping an eye on England

0:25:48 > 0:25:51over in Melbourne to see how they are getting on, but fingers crossed,

0:25:51 > 0:25:55we don't want another whitewash. Yes, that would be embarrassing.

0:25:55 > 0:25:59Are the Boxing Day sales still enough to get us off the sofa

0:25:59 > 0:26:00and down to the shops?

0:26:00 > 0:26:04With Black Friday forcing many retailers to cut prices as long ago

0:26:04 > 0:26:06as November, the majority of shoppers surveyed by BBC Radio

0:26:06 > 0:26:094's You & Yours programme said the sales had lost their sparkle,

0:26:09 > 0:26:21as Samantha Fenwick reports.

0:26:21 > 0:26:26Savinda and her daughter Jotie meet up every weekend to go shopping and

0:26:26 > 0:26:32look for bargains.I have waited with people outside, and then gone

0:26:32 > 0:26:37into the store, and found lovely bargains.But this Boxing Day, the

0:26:37 > 0:26:43high street sales don't have the same appeal.Sales are on all the

0:26:43 > 0:26:47time and I'm always getting emails from shops saying, you can it

0:26:47 > 0:26:52cheaper beforehand and things like that. So I don't be doing anything

0:26:52 > 0:26:59like that, I'll be in bed.They are here again, the sales and the

0:26:59 > 0:27:03queues. You can't afford to miss a good light in these days. Some

0:27:03 > 0:27:08all-night cures receive a morning surprise, a cuppa to warm them up

0:27:08 > 0:27:12for the battle ahead.The post- Christmas sales, a festive tradition

0:27:12 > 0:27:16in the UK. Retailers called it the golden quarter, the discount

0:27:16 > 0:27:19starting on Boxing Day when important part of the three months

0:27:19 > 0:27:22at the end of the year. Retailers hope to boost their profits and

0:27:22 > 0:27:27shoppers to get a bargain.You can get almost anything at these sales.

0:27:27 > 0:27:31It has changed over the years, though. This is the Boxing Day sale

0:27:31 > 0:27:36only five years ago. Shoppers didn't cube quite a sedately as in the

0:27:36 > 0:27:401950s. But would they do the same today? We asked more than 1000

0:27:40 > 0:27:44shoppers what they thought of the Boxing Day sales, and more than half

0:27:44 > 0:27:47of them think they have lost the appeal they once had. Virtually

0:27:47 > 0:27:51nobody we survey said they would be getting up early this morning to

0:27:51 > 0:27:54beat the queues. They have in overshadowed by other sales that run

0:27:54 > 0:28:00throughout the year. Particularly Black Friday. This year, over 40% of

0:28:00 > 0:28:04us bought something on Black Friday, and that means we spent a lot of

0:28:04 > 0:28:07Christmas money already on the can't spend money twice. Shoppers expect

0:28:07 > 0:28:10things to be discounted and discounted heavily, and if retailers

0:28:10 > 0:28:14don't offer great deals, shoppers go somewhere else. Yet despite this

0:28:14 > 0:28:20apparent addiction to discounting, 62% of people we survey believe that

0:28:20 > 0:28:26if a shop always has a sale on, it devalues the brand. Jenny Parky is

0:28:26 > 0:28:30the co-founder of Country Attire, an online shop selling 180 different

0:28:30 > 0:28:36brands.It can be extremely damaging for a brand to always be on sale. It

0:28:36 > 0:28:40is important to be very strategic about when you discount. The brands

0:28:40 > 0:28:43which are doing well never really have blanket discount sales. They

0:28:43 > 0:28:48are the ones which are really forensic as to what pricing they go

0:28:48 > 0:28:54out, and when they go.Have you got everything you need?Nothing is more

0:28:54 > 0:28:57frustrating than when you buy something for price and the prices

0:28:57 > 0:29:01are constantly getting slashed down. It feels as though they must be

0:29:01 > 0:29:04struggling. How can they afford to sell it so cheap?Retailers are

0:29:04 > 0:29:09struggling. On petition to get shoppers spending is as fierce as

0:29:09 > 0:29:14ever. Online and on the high-street. And with family budgets predicted to

0:29:14 > 0:29:26get tighter next year, it looks like the year-round sale is here to stay.

0:29:26 > 0:29:30An incredible hat. Snapper is here to tell us more.Good morning. He

0:29:30 > 0:29:34was giving us a round of applause with his legs.They are cracking,

0:29:34 > 0:29:39these hats, aren't they? On the topic of sales, this is something I

0:29:39 > 0:29:43talk about a lot on this programme with retailers struggling, it does

0:29:43 > 0:29:47feel, doesn't it, like we just of sales or the time. Constant sales

0:29:47 > 0:29:52all year round. They may have started before Black Friday but

0:29:52 > 0:29:55there is a real impetus on Black Friday and from Black Friday right

0:29:55 > 0:29:59up until Christmas, right up until today.They will be on sale. If you

0:29:59 > 0:30:05look at your box, there will be lots of different sales offering you 30%

0:30:05 > 0:30:10of this 40% of that, and you wonder how some of them can actually do

0:30:10 > 0:30:14that. What they are doing, I think they are trying to get us to buy

0:30:14 > 0:30:17more stuff at a discount -- discounted price. That is how they

0:30:17 > 0:30:21make their money back on the sales they have going on.Is there a

0:30:21 > 0:30:24difference, in terms of generations, between how people spend during the

0:30:24 > 0:30:28sales and the festive period?Our survey shows it is merely a people

0:30:28 > 0:30:32who are shopping in the sales, but the Black Friday sales and the

0:30:32 > 0:30:36people that we have asked, we asked them if they thought they might be

0:30:36 > 0:30:39shopping today in the post- Christmas sales, and it is mainly

0:30:39 > 0:30:42people under 35. The other difference that we have seen since

0:30:42 > 0:30:47five years ago when we saw people queueing up at Next, people are

0:30:47 > 0:30:51shopping online, so they are using their tablets and their phones. They

0:30:51 > 0:30:56are checking out deals. So if you are going to go and look for

0:30:56 > 0:31:00something today, look online first, see where it has got that will act

0:31:00 > 0:31:04at the best price and either buy it online or go to a shop and buy

0:31:04 > 0:31:14there, because that will save you lots of time.

0:31:14 > 0:31:18Yesterday went online and there were so many e-mails and you get sucked

0:31:18 > 0:31:25in. It is easy to get sucked in.You think you are getting a bargain.Do

0:31:25 > 0:32:00you fall for it?Yes. We are meant to know better.

0:32:00 > 0:32:02Hello, this is Breakfast with Steph McGovern.

0:32:02 > 0:32:02Good morning.

0:32:02 > 0:32:11Here's a summary of today's main stories from BBC News.

0:32:11 > 0:32:14The Universities Minister, Jo Johnson, will issue his clearest

0:32:14 > 0:32:16warning yet that universities must protect free speech.

0:32:16 > 0:32:19He will say students must be able both to hear and challenge

0:32:19 > 0:32:21controversial views during their years of study.

0:32:21 > 0:32:24Some universities and student groups have refused entry to speakers

0:32:24 > 0:32:25advocating disputed points of view.

0:32:25 > 0:32:28The body representing British universities said it would not allow

0:32:28 > 0:32:34legitimate debate to be stifled.

0:32:34 > 0:32:37Millions of shoppers are expected to head out to the Boxing Day sales

0:32:37 > 0:32:40today, marking the start of a what has traditionally been

0:32:40 > 0:32:42a crucial period for retailers across the UK.

0:32:42 > 0:32:45But the majority of shoppers surveyed by BBC Radio

0:32:45 > 0:32:484's You & Yours programme believe online shopping and early

0:32:48 > 0:32:50Black Friday deals have made the post Christmas

0:32:50 > 0:32:58sales less appealing.

0:32:58 > 0:33:01A 20-year-old man will appear before magistrates this morning charged

0:33:01 > 0:33:04with murder, after a fatal stabbing in a restaurant in Middlesbrough

0:33:04 > 0:33:05on Christmas Eve.

0:33:07 > 0:33:09Efreeqi Mohamed Siddig is accused of killing 41-year-old

0:33:09 > 0:33:18Mazhar Ali from Stockton-on-Tees who died in hospital yesterday.

0:33:18 > 0:33:20A British woman being held on suspicion of drug-smuggling

0:33:20 > 0:33:23will appear in court in Egypt later this morning.

0:33:23 > 0:33:25Laura Plummer was arrested in October when officials found 290

0:33:25 > 0:33:28tramadol tablets in her suitcase, which are legal in the UK,

0:33:28 > 0:33:29but not in Egypt.

0:33:29 > 0:33:32The shop assistant from Hull says she was carrying the pills

0:33:32 > 0:33:47for her Egyptian partner, who suffers from back pain.

0:33:47 > 0:33:50The Royal Navy says there has been an increase in the number of Russian

0:33:50 > 0:33:53ships travelling through, or near the UK's territorial waters

0:33:53 > 0:33:54over the festive period.

0:33:54 > 0:33:57On Christmas Day, HMS St Albans was sent to escort

0:33:57 > 0:34:00a Russian warship through the North Sea as it passed close

0:34:00 > 0:34:00to UK waters.

0:34:00 > 0:34:03Defence Secretary Gavin Williamson said he will not "tolerate any

0:34:03 > 0:34:14form of aggression".

0:34:14 > 0:34:18Dr Who fans were given a glimpse of the first ever female Doctor

0:34:18 > 0:34:20in action in last night's Christmas special.

0:34:20 > 0:34:22Jodie Whittaker appeared in the final two minutes

0:34:22 > 0:34:24of the episode, which saw the departure of Peter Capaldi,

0:34:24 > 0:34:32as well as the show's writer Steven Moffatt.

0:34:32 > 0:34:35Now on Breakfast, it's a white Christmas for Sarah Keith-Lucas

0:34:35 > 0:34:42and Nick Miller, as they take a look back at the year in weather.

0:34:42 > 0:34:44This time, we have come to a winter wonderland.

0:34:44 > 0:34:46Or have we?

0:34:46 > 0:34:48Look very closely in the next half-hour, because all is not

0:34:48 > 0:34:49as it seems.

0:34:49 > 0:34:50So...

0:34:50 > 0:34:52Let it snow, let it snow, let it snow.

0:34:52 > 0:34:57Welcome to Weather World!

0:34:57 > 0:34:59Also on the programme, 2017's biggest storms.

0:34:59 > 0:35:02Tropical deluge, floods that carry a house and everything in it.

0:35:02 > 0:35:04Safe from the storm, near impossible escapes.

0:35:04 > 0:35:06And even record rain cannot stop another wildfire

0:35:06 > 0:35:16crisis in California.

0:35:16 > 0:35:25Humber, west or south-west, five or six...

0:35:27 > 0:35:31Plus, we celebrate 150 years of the Shipping Forecast,

0:35:31 > 0:35:42its distinctive tones loved by sailors and landlubbers alike.

0:35:42 > 0:35:44And weather, but not as we know it.

0:35:44 > 0:35:47I will be taking a deeper look into space weather and the impact

0:35:47 > 0:36:03it can have here on Earth.

0:36:03 > 0:36:05This time on Weather World, we are having some fun.

0:36:05 > 0:36:08We have come to a company in Gloucestershire, Snow Business,

0:36:08 > 0:36:15which for 35 years has been making real and fake snow on demand.

0:36:15 > 0:36:17It is mostly for film and television.

0:36:17 > 0:36:20They are the biggest winter effects company in the world.

0:36:20 > 0:36:23Some of their work includes the James Bond films and Star Wars.

0:36:23 > 0:36:26Later I will be looking at the materials they use

0:36:26 > 0:36:29to make this snow.

0:36:29 > 0:36:34I am off to meet Darcey, the owner, and he is going to show me how

0:36:34 > 0:36:35you create a wintry scene.

0:36:35 > 0:36:39We've got a fairly green scene now, but we are going to transform it

0:36:39 > 0:36:40into something more white and wintry.

0:36:40 > 0:36:43I can't wait to see what it will look like.

0:36:43 > 0:36:51How are we going do this?

0:36:51 > 0:36:54We have a brand-new machine, we have some specially torn paper

0:36:54 > 0:36:57which locks together, we spray it with water so it sticks

0:36:57 > 0:36:58to anything it lands on.

0:36:58 > 0:37:02We can transform this into a winter scene.

0:37:02 > 0:37:03Let's get started, then.

0:37:03 > 0:37:08MUSIC.

0:37:18 > 0:37:19This looks amazing.

0:37:19 > 0:37:21It's as if we have stepped into Narnia.

0:37:21 > 0:37:24How do you create the illusion of falling snow?

0:37:24 > 0:37:28For that, we have a special machine, which mixes a fluid with air

0:37:28 > 0:37:30to create snowflakes.

0:37:30 > 0:37:34Wow!

0:37:34 > 0:37:38I feel like I'm in a snowstorm in Lapland.

0:37:38 > 0:37:41So, creating this kind of snow is a really big business.

0:37:41 > 0:37:46In fact, you are the world leaders in winter effects.

0:37:46 > 0:37:48How did you get into this?

0:37:48 > 0:37:48Purely by chance.

0:37:48 > 0:37:52I worked for a company which made paper and a film company came along

0:37:52 > 0:37:54wanting a lovely, biodegradable snow.

0:37:54 > 0:37:56And they got us to make paper snow.

0:37:56 > 0:38:00It turned out to be a world beater.

0:38:00 > 0:38:01So, this is artificial snow.

0:38:01 > 0:38:05And a little bit later on we are going to take a look

0:38:05 > 0:38:07at how they also make real snow here as well.

0:38:07 > 0:38:11This is real snow.

0:38:11 > 0:38:23But there is still something unusual here.

0:38:23 > 0:38:25Our weather review of the year begins in January

0:38:25 > 0:38:27on Greek island beaches.

0:38:27 > 0:38:30Rarely does Arctic weather on this scale reach so far deep into Europe.

0:38:30 > 0:38:32And the bitter temperatures brought fears for migrants,

0:38:32 > 0:38:36at camps such as this one in Serbia, with calls for them to be moved

0:38:36 > 0:38:37to better, warmer conditions.

0:38:37 > 0:38:39Then disaster in Italy.

0:38:39 > 0:38:4129 people are killed in the deadliest avalanche

0:38:41 > 0:38:43in a century.

0:38:43 > 0:38:48Amazingly, some survived, rescued more than two days later.

0:38:48 > 0:38:52February in the UK, and Storm Doris blows in,

0:38:52 > 0:39:02with high winds and some lucky escapes.

0:39:02 > 0:39:04And here is another remarkable escape.

0:39:04 > 0:39:07In Peru, as a mudslide churns up the debris of what was once

0:39:07 > 0:39:16somebody's home, a woman emerges.

0:39:16 > 0:39:18Slowly she's able to scramble her way to help.

0:39:18 > 0:39:22But the flooding here did claim the lives of about 100 people

0:39:22 > 0:39:24in the first few months of the year.

0:39:24 > 0:39:25Disaster in Colombia in April.

0:39:25 > 0:39:28Torrential rain sends a mudslide into the town of Mocoa.

0:39:28 > 0:39:29More than 250 died here.

0:39:29 > 0:39:31In Chile in January, a different problem.

0:39:31 > 0:39:40Drought, heat, strong winds, then fire.

0:39:40 > 0:39:43This was the town of Santa Olga, destroyed by wildfires,

0:39:43 > 0:39:46said to be the worst in the country's modern history.

0:39:46 > 0:39:47Severe drought hit hard in Africa.

0:39:47 > 0:39:54This is Somalia, where a disaster was declared in February.

0:39:54 > 0:39:56Whether it's drought or political unrest or both,

0:39:56 > 0:39:59millions across east Africa started the year facing

0:39:59 > 0:40:05starvation and famine.

0:40:05 > 0:40:07In California, after years of drought, a remarkable

0:40:07 > 0:40:08transformation took place.

0:40:08 > 0:40:10Flooding rain from a succession of winter storms all

0:40:10 > 0:40:11but obliterated the drought.

0:40:11 > 0:40:14So much water so quickly that car-swallowing sinkholes appeared.

0:40:14 > 0:40:17Any hope that the soaking start to the year would offer long-term

0:40:17 > 0:40:20relief went up in flames, as we will see later

0:40:20 > 0:40:30in the programme.

0:40:30 > 0:40:32We often show pictures of the aurora borealis,

0:40:32 > 0:40:33or the Northern Lights.

0:40:33 > 0:40:35This is the southern hemisphere equivalent,

0:40:35 > 0:40:37the aurora australis, putting on a spectacular display

0:40:37 > 0:40:45above New Zealand in May.

0:40:45 > 0:40:49When and where we see the light depends on the behaviour of the sun,

0:40:49 > 0:40:52and trying to predict what the sun will be doing has created

0:40:52 > 0:40:54an emerging area of science - space weather.

0:40:54 > 0:40:57Matt Taylor has been finding out about it.

0:40:57 > 0:41:03Imagine a few hours without traffic lights or your smartphone.

0:41:03 > 0:41:04Sounds appalling, doesn't it?

0:41:04 > 0:41:07Add to that trains, flights, your weekly shop, even money.

0:41:07 > 0:41:08And not just for hours.

0:41:08 > 0:41:10Potentially days, weeks or even months.

0:41:10 > 0:41:11It could become a reality.

0:41:11 > 0:41:15It is all down to the impact that space weather could have

0:41:15 > 0:41:16on things like this.

0:41:16 > 0:41:18Satellites shown here at the Science Museum in London.

0:41:18 > 0:41:21The systems on it, as well as electricity grids

0:41:21 > 0:41:22all around the globe.

0:41:22 > 0:41:24To the purists, space weather is not strictly meteorology,

0:41:24 > 0:41:28but it is driven by the same thing, and that is the sun.

0:41:28 > 0:41:31In this case it is all about coronal mass ejections and solar flares.

0:41:31 > 0:41:34To tell us about those I am joined by Professor Tim Horbury,

0:41:34 > 0:41:36from the Imperial College London.

0:41:36 > 0:41:38Professor, tell us more about what solar flares and coronal

0:41:38 > 0:41:39mass ejections are.

0:41:39 > 0:41:43Most of us think of the sun as a fairly boring yellow globe

0:41:43 > 0:41:44in the sky.

0:41:44 > 0:41:47But as we study it more we realise it is a dynamic object.

0:41:47 > 0:41:50Solar flares are enormous releases of energy from the sun.

0:41:50 > 0:41:52They accelerate particles to high energies which can arrive

0:41:52 > 0:41:55at the Earth and damage satellites, and they also release enormous

0:41:55 > 0:41:57amount of energy, coronal mass ejections.

0:41:57 > 0:42:00This matter floods out through the solar system and can

0:42:00 > 0:42:02arrive at the Earth and impact us.

0:42:02 > 0:42:04You are the head of a mission investigating the sun.

0:42:04 > 0:42:09What does that involve?

0:42:09 > 0:42:11It is called Solar Orbit, being built by the ESA

0:42:11 > 0:42:12at the moment.

0:42:12 > 0:42:15We will be going closer to the sun than ever before,

0:42:15 > 0:42:16closer than Mercury.

0:42:16 > 0:42:19We'll be measuring what comes off the sun and travels

0:42:19 > 0:42:21past our spacecraft on its way towards the Earth.

0:42:21 > 0:42:24And it's the magnetic fields which are important when it comes

0:42:24 > 0:42:26to impact on Earth, isn't it?

0:42:26 > 0:42:26Yes.

0:42:26 > 0:42:28At Imperial College London, we're building the instrument

0:42:28 > 0:42:30which will measure those magnetic fields in space,

0:42:30 > 0:42:33and when those fields arrive at the Earth and interact

0:42:33 > 0:42:36with the Earth's magnetic field, and it is those interactions

0:42:36 > 0:42:38which drive things like the aurora and geomagnetic storms.

0:42:38 > 0:42:41Will this help us ultimately forecast space weather?

0:42:41 > 0:42:43Solar Orbiter itself is not a space weather mission,

0:42:43 > 0:42:46but it is designed to study the fundamental physics of what's

0:42:46 > 0:42:48going on in the sun and inter-planetary space

0:42:48 > 0:42:51and by understanding that that we hope to do better space

0:42:51 > 0:42:52weather forecasting in the future.

0:42:52 > 0:42:56Thank you.

0:42:56 > 0:42:59We will find out later in the programme a bit more

0:42:59 > 0:43:01about forecasting space weather and the impact it can have

0:43:01 > 0:43:03here on Earth.

0:43:03 > 0:43:07At the start of the programme I said, look very closely this time

0:43:07 > 0:43:10on Weather World, because all is not as it seems.

0:43:10 > 0:43:13It might look like I have entered an icy cave,

0:43:13 > 0:43:14but there isn't any ice in here.

0:43:14 > 0:43:22And none of this is real.

0:43:22 > 0:43:23It is another fake winter environment.

0:43:23 > 0:43:26Paul is here to tell us how they made this.

0:43:26 > 0:43:29What materials have you used?

0:43:29 > 0:43:31We use a lot of different materials here.

0:43:31 > 0:43:32Plastic, paraffin wax, recycled packaging material,

0:43:32 > 0:43:33litter as well.

0:43:33 > 0:43:37With LED lighting we can bring it all together and give you the effect

0:43:37 > 0:43:40that you see here.

0:43:40 > 0:43:43The materials that are used to make something look wintry in film

0:43:43 > 0:43:46and television, they have evolved over time, haven't they?

0:43:46 > 0:43:56What was used in the early days of film?

0:43:56 > 0:44:00In the very early days of black and white film they didn't have any

0:44:00 > 0:44:01materials at all.

0:44:01 > 0:44:03They had to wait for it to snow.

0:44:03 > 0:44:05That was time-consuming, and it was also dangerous.

0:44:05 > 0:44:09Three members died from the cold while they were filming Way Out

0:44:09 > 0:44:09East.

0:44:09 > 0:44:10That wasn't good.

0:44:10 > 0:44:12Later they made it with different materials.

0:44:12 > 0:44:14Laurel and Hardy used painted cornflakes, which was effective.

0:44:14 > 0:44:17By the time we got to The Wizard of Oz,

0:44:17 > 0:44:18they were using white asbestos.

0:44:18 > 0:44:20Obviously that's really bad, but they didn't know

0:44:20 > 0:44:22it was dangerous at the time.

0:44:22 > 0:44:25You use things which are good for the environment

0:44:25 > 0:44:25and good for people.

0:44:25 > 0:44:27What are the good materials going forward?

0:44:27 > 0:44:30We're developing materials like this, which is a glitter,

0:44:30 > 0:44:31which is made from cellulose.

0:44:31 > 0:44:34So within a couple of weeks or so that will biodegrade.

0:44:34 > 0:44:37Now, normal glitter, which is being banned in cosmetic

0:44:37 > 0:44:39use by the Government, would just wash off your body

0:44:39 > 0:44:43when you come back from your festival, down the drain and out

0:44:43 > 0:44:45to sea where it gets eaten by plankton and fish

0:44:45 > 0:44:47and unfortunately by us again.

0:44:47 > 0:44:51This is gone in a week or two.

0:44:51 > 0:44:56It has the texture of icing sugar but you can see the glitter.

0:44:56 > 0:44:58What else are you using?

0:44:58 > 0:45:00We are using things like this, which is powder frost.

0:45:00 > 0:45:01This is pure cellulose.

0:45:01 > 0:45:05You could eat it if you wanted to, though it wouldn't taste very nice.

0:45:05 > 0:45:08Once that washes into the soil that completely biodegrades.

0:45:08 > 0:45:12It is no more harmful to the environment than dead leaves.

0:45:12 > 0:45:15Of course, the least harmful thing to the environment is real snow.

0:45:15 > 0:45:19We haven't had much of that yet, but it can be made on demand,

0:45:19 > 0:45:22and Sarah will be finding out about that later on.

0:45:22 > 0:45:24Now, from snow to extreme heat.

0:45:24 > 0:45:26Our weather review of the year continues with a scorching summer

0:45:26 > 0:45:27in southern Europe.

0:45:27 > 0:45:29Wildfires led to thousands being evacuated from campsites

0:45:29 > 0:45:32in France, spending the night on beaches near St Tropez.

0:45:32 > 0:45:35Portugal in June, and a catastrophic forest fire kills more

0:45:35 > 0:45:37than 60 people.

0:45:37 > 0:45:40It is the country's worst disaster for more than a quarter

0:45:40 > 0:45:45of a century.

0:45:45 > 0:45:48When a flash flood rages through a major city,

0:45:48 > 0:45:49disaster strikes.

0:45:49 > 0:45:51In August, a massive downpour sends muddy water surging

0:45:51 > 0:45:53through the streets of Sierra Leone in West Africa.

0:45:53 > 0:45:56And then a mountainside collapses in an avalanche of mud,

0:45:56 > 0:46:04burying whole communities as they slept.

0:46:04 > 0:46:06Hundreds of people are killed, thousands lose their homes.

0:46:06 > 0:46:09Now, more snow, and your BBC Weather Watcher pictures

0:46:09 > 0:46:12of the wintry weather which swept across the UK in early December.

0:46:12 > 0:46:15The most widespread December snow since 2010.

0:46:15 > 0:46:17You can become a Weather Watcher by signing up

0:46:17 > 0:46:21at bbc.co.uk/weatherwatchers.

0:46:27 > 0:46:31Still to come on Weather World, we head to the Alps to discover how

0:46:31 > 0:46:33sometimes, the old ways are still the best, especially

0:46:33 > 0:46:36when it comes to predicting an avalanche.

0:46:39 > 0:46:42This time on Weather World, Sarah and I are looking at how

0:46:42 > 0:46:45they make snow for the film and television industry.

0:46:45 > 0:46:47We have seen fake snow, the material they use,

0:46:47 > 0:46:49but now this is real snow.

0:46:49 > 0:46:51This may look like something which came from the clouds,

0:46:51 > 0:46:54but actually, it came from this metal box.

0:46:54 > 0:46:57Darcey, explain to me how we are about to make real snow

0:46:57 > 0:47:06inside this box, then?

0:47:06 > 0:47:08The box is a cryogenic chamber.

0:47:08 > 0:47:11A gun fires water, and adds compressed air, and the water

0:47:11 > 0:47:13is smashed into tiny, tiny pieces.

0:47:13 > 0:47:14We also fire liquid nitrogen.

0:47:14 > 0:47:17So the smashed water is like a cloud inside a box,

0:47:17 > 0:47:19with liquid nitrogen, freezing it down to -20,

0:47:19 > 0:47:30so it falls like snow inside the box.

0:47:30 > 0:47:31Wonderful.

0:47:31 > 0:47:33Let's close these doors and get started.

0:47:33 > 0:47:36So, Darcey, this has been churning away now for about 90 minutes now.

0:47:36 > 0:47:47Shall we crack open the doors and have a look at the snow inside?

0:47:50 > 0:47:52Yes, indeed!

0:47:52 > 0:47:53Wow, check this out!

0:47:53 > 0:48:02Look at that snow.

0:48:02 > 0:48:05I can tell you, that is soft and fluffy and freezing cold.

0:48:05 > 0:48:08It feels just like real snow.

0:48:08 > 0:48:12Is it exactly the same as naturally occurring snow??

0:48:12 > 0:48:14It's exactly the same as natural snow.

0:48:14 > 0:48:17So once you've made all of this snow here, how do you transport it

0:48:17 > 0:48:19to a film set?

0:48:19 > 0:48:22We literally shovel it into a refrigerated truck and we set

0:48:22 > 0:48:24the temperature at the perfect temperature to keep it

0:48:24 > 0:48:25in top condition.

0:48:25 > 0:48:29And do people tend to like to use more real snow or fake snow?

0:48:29 > 0:48:32They think they want to use real snow, but fake snow

0:48:32 > 0:48:33is faster and warmer.

0:48:33 > 0:48:36You can imagine, if you lie on this all day you'll get pneumonia.

0:48:36 > 0:48:40If you lie in the fake snow all day, it's lovely and warm and cosy.

0:48:40 > 0:48:44Thank you so much for showing us around and showing us how this snow

0:48:44 > 0:48:45is manufactured here.

0:48:45 > 0:48:47For now, where is Nick?

0:48:51 > 0:48:53Heavy snow in February led to avalanches in Afghanistan

0:48:53 > 0:48:56and the French Alps, both resulting in several fatalities.

0:48:56 > 0:48:59Sarah Thornton travelled to Austria, where heavy snow in the first part

0:48:59 > 0:49:01of this ski season has meant predicting avalanches

0:49:01 > 0:49:08is especially important.

0:49:08 > 0:49:11Every year, hundreds of thousands of people descend here to the Alps

0:49:11 > 0:49:15looking for some winter fun, but for the thrill seekers,

0:49:15 > 0:49:17and especially those who like to go off-piste,

0:49:17 > 0:49:19avalanches are an ever-present threat.

0:49:19 > 0:49:22The main methods of protection date back decades and there's not

0:49:22 > 0:49:28a computer in sight.

0:49:28 > 0:49:31I put the shovel on the top and I pound like 30 times,

0:49:31 > 0:49:32with different intensity.

0:49:32 > 0:49:34Now, here we can see the first crack.

0:49:34 > 0:49:42After the 27th time of pounding...

0:49:49 > 0:49:53You're saying it took quite a few times for you to pound this and get

0:49:53 > 0:50:07this crack here?

0:50:09 > 0:50:12Here in the Tyrol, they're concerned about two key danger

0:50:12 > 0:50:13patterns for avalanches.

0:50:13 > 0:50:16Early season snow forming a weak ground-level layer and forecast

0:50:16 > 0:50:17winds leaving fresh powder around.

0:50:17 > 0:50:19But the team say on-piste skiers are protected.

0:50:19 > 0:50:22They have the avalanche barriers, they have in the morning

0:50:22 > 0:50:24the avalanche commission, who is opening the runs

0:50:24 > 0:50:36or completely closing the runs if it's unsafe.

0:50:36 > 0:50:40Off-piste skiers and snowboarders are most at risk from avalanches.

0:50:40 > 0:50:43There are high-tech gadgets that can help save anyone caught up

0:50:43 > 0:50:46in an avalanche, but it's low-tech tools that keep people away

0:50:46 > 0:50:48from danger in the first place.

0:50:48 > 0:50:50Some of the biggest weather headlines of 2017 came

0:50:50 > 0:50:52during a record-breaking Atlantic hurricane season.

0:50:52 > 0:50:55Texas, in August, where Harvey becomes the first major hurricane

0:50:55 > 0:50:57to hit the USA in nearly 12 years.

0:50:57 > 0:51:00Scientists have estimated Harvey dropped 127 billion tons of water,

0:51:00 > 0:51:03no other tropical cyclone has produced so much rain in the USA.

0:51:03 > 0:51:05Hurricane Irma is next, slamming into the Caribbean.

0:51:05 > 0:51:21It's getting really intense now in the centre section.

0:51:21 > 0:51:34More than 100 people are known to have died as a result of Irma.

0:51:34 > 0:51:38It's September and there's another category five hurricane

0:51:38 > 0:51:45in the Caribbean, Maria.

0:51:45 > 0:51:48With ten consecutive hurricanes, this was one of the costliest

0:51:48 > 0:51:51Atlantic seasons on record.

0:51:51 > 0:51:54August, and Typhoon Hato slams into China with the same terrifying

0:51:54 > 0:52:06mix of destructive wind and torrential rain as a hurricane.

0:52:06 > 0:52:09The Pacific typhoon season was much less active than normal.

0:52:09 > 0:52:12Even so, there were several powerful systems, including this one

0:52:12 > 0:52:16in Vietnam, in November.

0:52:16 > 0:52:19But as a cyclone's every twist and turn is tracked minute

0:52:19 > 0:52:22by minute, the annual monsoon deluge in south-east Asia goes

0:52:22 > 0:52:25on for months, causing the worst floods in decades.

0:52:25 > 0:52:28In India, the eastern state of Bihar is hit hardest.

0:52:28 > 0:52:34In total, millions of people are forced from their homes and more

0:52:34 > 0:52:45than 1,000 are killed.

0:52:45 > 0:52:54This is what's left behind after a flash flood in Pakistan's

0:52:54 > 0:52:55most populated city, Karachi.

0:52:55 > 0:52:57The monsoon rains bring much-needed moisture for crops,

0:52:57 > 0:53:00but they always come with a human cost.

0:53:00 > 0:53:05In September, the weather in space was as tumultuous

0:53:05 > 0:53:07as it was on Earth.

0:53:07 > 0:53:09So much so that it led to radio blackouts.

0:53:09 > 0:53:12Nasa recorded the biggest solar flare for over a decade.

0:53:12 > 0:53:14But why should a flare have such an impact?

0:53:14 > 0:53:17Matt's been to Cambridge to get the answer from

0:53:17 > 0:53:18the British Antarctic Survey.

0:53:18 > 0:53:20So Antarctica is a brilliant place to observe space?

0:53:20 > 0:53:21It is, actually.

0:53:21 > 0:53:24It's very, very radio quiet, so we can pick up radio signals

0:53:24 > 0:53:27in the Antarctic which we can't do elsewhere.

0:53:27 > 0:53:30We detect special types of radio waves and those charged particles,

0:53:30 > 0:53:33when accelerated at high energies, pose a risk of damage to satellites.

0:53:33 > 0:53:36In fact, they are called killer electrons, because they've been

0:53:36 > 0:53:37known to kill spacecraft in the past.

0:53:37 > 0:53:41One of the largest solar flares ever to be witnessed was the Carrington

0:53:41 > 0:53:44event, named after the British astronomer who observed it in 1859.

0:53:44 > 0:53:47He sketched what he'd seen on the sun, telegraph systems

0:53:47 > 0:53:47went haywire worldwide.

0:53:47 > 0:53:50Scientists have estimated that something similar today could cost

0:53:50 > 0:53:52billions, if not trillions, given our ever increasing reliance

0:53:52 > 0:53:54on satellite technology.

0:53:54 > 0:54:01Colour-coded here, you can see the radiation belts,

0:54:01 > 0:54:03the regions of high energy charged particles, electrons.

0:54:03 > 0:54:05They're trapped in the Earth's magnetic field.

0:54:05 > 0:54:08Geostationary orbit is out here, in the outer edge, and the GPS

0:54:08 > 0:54:11satellites, they fly pretty much through the heart of this radiation

0:54:11 > 0:54:16belt here, where the radiation is most intense.

0:54:16 > 0:54:19Ideally you want the satellites to be stationed in between

0:54:19 > 0:54:22the radiation belts?

0:54:22 > 0:54:25There's a gap between inner and outer belt where the radiation

0:54:25 > 0:54:28is much lower, but there are periods where that region gets filled

0:54:28 > 0:54:31with high energy charged particles and that's a high-risk period

0:54:31 > 0:54:35for those spacecraft.

0:54:35 > 0:54:37And that can have a big impact on daily life

0:54:37 > 0:54:39here on Earth, can't it?

0:54:39 > 0:54:42Well, if you think that we rely more and more on our satellites

0:54:42 > 0:54:45for mobile phones, for TV, for internet, for all kinds

0:54:45 > 0:54:47of communications, banking, that kind of stuff, yeah,

0:54:47 > 0:54:51it's a really important major part of our life in the modern world.

0:54:51 > 0:54:54So next time you gaze skywards or simply pick up your smartphone,

0:54:54 > 0:54:57just think how seemingly small changes in the sun could cause

0:54:57 > 0:55:00sudden and drastic changes to the way you live your life.

0:55:00 > 0:55:02November marked 150 years of the shipping forecast.

0:55:02 > 0:55:04The shipping forecast for the next 12 hours.

0:55:04 > 0:55:17The disturbance near the Hebrides is almost stationary...

0:55:17 > 0:55:20Produced by the Met Office on behalf of the Maritime

0:55:20 > 0:55:22and Coastguard Agency, it's believed to be the longest

0:55:22 > 0:55:24running forecast of its kind in the world.

0:55:24 > 0:55:27That crucial forecast data is produced daily here at the Met

0:55:27 > 0:55:28Office.

0:55:28 > 0:55:31There was just a feeling that there was too much risk

0:55:31 > 0:55:32of loss of life...

0:55:32 > 0:55:35Catherine Ross, the chief archivist, showed me the first weather charts

0:55:35 > 0:55:39from 150 years ago.

0:55:39 > 0:55:42What they did rather cleverly was basically put pins

0:55:42 > 0:55:45through the paper, and so you can kind of see just about these little

0:55:45 > 0:55:48pinpricks here, and that meant they were always plotting the same

0:55:48 > 0:55:50information in the same place.

0:55:50 > 0:55:53And you can see how they changed from having no maps to very detailed

0:55:53 > 0:55:56maps and it was known as the storm warning service,

0:55:56 > 0:55:59but it became known as the iconic shipping forecast.

0:55:59 > 0:56:02Humber - west or south-west, five or six, occasionally four later.

0:56:02 > 0:56:05The shipping forecast is not just for mariners but it's also listened

0:56:05 > 0:56:08to by hundreds of thousands of us every day on Radio 4.

0:56:08 > 0:56:09South-west, five to seven.

0:56:09 > 0:56:13Occasional rain, good, occasionally moderate.

0:56:13 > 0:56:16And that's a flavour of the bulletin which is broadcast four times a day.

0:56:16 > 0:56:19At 5:20am it needs to be exactly nine minutes long,

0:56:19 > 0:56:23so on a calm day I can take my time in describing the weather conditions

0:56:23 > 0:56:27for the 31 different sea areas, whereas on a stormy day I'll have

0:56:27 > 0:56:30to speak much quicker in order to fit all that information

0:56:30 > 0:56:31into the same nine-minute window.

0:56:31 > 0:56:34Storm warnings in October as the remnants of Hurricane Ophelia

0:56:34 > 0:56:35hit Ireland and the UK.

0:56:35 > 0:56:37Ophelia was the easternmost major hurricane ever recorded

0:56:37 > 0:56:40in the Atlantic.

0:56:40 > 0:56:43This roof was ripped from a school in Ireland.

0:56:43 > 0:56:44The government here called the situation

0:56:44 > 0:56:52a "national emergency".

0:56:52 > 0:57:01And Ophelia had a stranger side to it, turning the sky an eerie

0:57:01 > 0:57:05orange because of Saharan dust swept up on the storm's path to the UK.

0:57:05 > 0:57:08But when it comes to air pollution, this is just about as bad

0:57:08 > 0:57:16as it gets.

0:57:16 > 0:57:28Delhi, in November, and the smog so thick and toxic it's said

0:57:28 > 0:57:30to produce effects equivalent to smoking 50 cigarettes a day.

0:57:30 > 0:57:33In the USA, more tropical rain and flooding and this remarkable

0:57:33 > 0:57:37view of a house being swept along a river in New Hampshire,

0:57:37 > 0:57:40as Tropical Storm Philippe hit the east coast of the USA

0:57:40 > 0:57:46at the end of October.

0:57:46 > 0:57:48But over in California, fire, as months of hot,

0:57:48 > 0:57:50dry weather followed last winter's record rain,

0:57:50 > 0:57:52plunging the state right back into wildfire crisis.

0:57:52 > 0:57:55In December, fires hit the south of the state,

0:57:55 > 0:57:56near Los Angeles.

0:57:56 > 0:58:02The largest burning an area the size of New York.

0:58:02 > 0:58:12In the UK, Storm Caroline arrives in December.

0:58:12 > 0:58:16Scotland bears the brunt with winds of up to 90 miles per hour,

0:58:16 > 0:58:19but colder air that follows Caroline is felt across the UK,

0:58:19 > 0:58:20blanketing large areas of snow.

0:58:20 > 0:58:21The most in seven years.

0:58:21 > 0:58:23Not everyone is a fan of snow.

0:58:23 > 0:58:26But if it's the very first time you've seen it,

0:58:26 > 0:58:29you can't help but be excited, even if you're a dog.

0:58:29 > 0:58:31Truffle, the Yorkshire cocker spaniel puppy,

0:58:31 > 0:58:33trying to get to grips with the white stuff.

0:58:33 > 0:58:36And that's it for this time from our Weather World Winter

0:58:36 > 0:58:37Wonderland.

0:58:37 > 0:58:38And for highlights from our previous programmes,

0:58:38 > 0:58:39go to bbc.co.uk/weatherworld.

0:58:39 > 0:58:42There's one thing I want to know about fake and real snow.

0:58:42 > 0:58:45Which is the best for a snowball fight?

0:58:45 > 0:58:45Let's find out!

0:58:45 > 0:58:46Bring it on!

0:58:46 > 0:58:49They are quite hard, aren't they?

0:58:49 > 0:58:50Yours are harder!

0:58:50 > 0:59:04Come on, Sarah!

0:59:04 > 0:59:09You're not even trying!

0:59:09 > 0:59:14Oh!

0:59:14 > 0:59:16That's right in my ear!

1:00:21 > 1:00:23Hello, this is Breakfast, with Steph McGovern.

1:00:23 > 1:00:26Universities are warned they must protect free speech -

1:00:26 > 1:00:28and allow students to both hear and challenge controversial views.

1:00:28 > 1:00:30The Universities minister says academic institutions

1:00:30 > 1:00:32should be places that open minds not close them.

1:00:32 > 1:00:43Good morning, it's Tuesday the 26th of December.

1:00:43 > 1:00:54Also this morning:

1:00:54 > 1:00:57The Boxing Day sales used to be a big deal for bargain-hunters,

1:00:57 > 1:01:00but new BBC research suggests that the traditional post-Christmas

1:01:00 > 1:01:02spending spree is losing its appeal.

1:01:02 > 1:01:06In sport -

1:01:06 > 1:01:08Avoiding an Ashes whitewash is England's task now

1:01:08 > 1:01:11but Australia have dominated the opening day of the fourth

1:01:11 > 1:01:11Test in Melbourne.

1:01:11 > 1:01:20David Warner with his first century of the series.

1:01:20 > 1:01:24Some parts of the UK officially had a White Christmas but what can

1:01:24 > 1:01:25we expect this Boxing day?

1:01:25 > 1:01:33Philip has the weather.

1:01:33 > 1:01:39At least for some, there was a white Christmas. I will have all the

1:01:39 > 1:01:42details on whether many more of you will see something at it like this

1:01:42 > 1:01:45in just a few minutes.

1:01:45 > 1:01:46Good morning.

1:01:46 > 1:01:47First, our main story.

1:01:47 > 1:01:50The Universities Minister, Jo Johnson, will use a speech today

1:01:50 > 1:01:55to give his clearest warning yet that academic institutions must

1:01:55 > 1:01:56protect free speech.

1:01:56 > 1:01:59He'll say students must be able to both hear and challenge

1:01:59 > 1:02:01controversial views during their years of study.

1:02:01 > 1:02:03Some universities and student groups have refused entry to speakers,

1:02:03 > 1:02:09Edward Curwen reports.

1:02:09 > 1:02:16Time spent at university must open minds, not close them. That is the

1:02:16 > 1:02:20view of Jo Johnson, the universities minister, who will today set out a

1:02:20 > 1:02:24firm defence on free speech in campuses. Speaking at a Jewish

1:02:24 > 1:02:27festival in Birmingham, he says that students must be free to challenge

1:02:27 > 1:02:31each other's' views and those seeking to stifle those who don't

1:02:31 > 1:02:36agree with them must be stopped. The debate comes after speakers from

1:02:36 > 1:02:39speakers from the state of Israel to chant -- transgender rights, have

1:02:39 > 1:02:45been stopped. Others have demanded so-called safe spaces where they

1:02:45 > 1:02:49went here about issues they might find upsetting. Mr Johnson will say

1:02:49 > 1:02:53this cannot be tolerated. Reiterating universities have an

1:02:53 > 1:02:56obligation to protect free speech and encourage frank and rigourous

1:02:56 > 1:03:08debate. From next April, and --a new body representing universities says

1:03:08 > 1:03:11it will not allow legitimate debate to be stifled. The challenge will be

1:03:11 > 1:03:15deciding where to draw the line between extremist speech and a frank

1:03:15 > 1:03:17exchange of views.

1:03:17 > 1:03:20Millions are expected to head out to the Boxing Day sales,

1:03:20 > 1:03:24marking the start of a what has traditionally been a crucial period

1:03:24 > 1:03:25for retailers across the UK.

1:03:25 > 1:03:36Our reporter John McManus is on Oxford Street in London.

1:03:36 > 1:03:43You can see some people queueing. There are a few people here. Not 45

1:03:43 > 1:03:51minutes ago that the queues are starting to build up. People used to

1:03:51 > 1:04:01camp out overnight in order to get their hands firstly on these sales.

1:04:01 > 1:04:08Many people begin their online shopping on Christmas Day. They

1:04:08 > 1:04:13unwrap their online discount and go online to start shopping. Online has

1:04:13 > 1:04:21taken some of the buzz out of it and we know that many people prefer to

1:04:21 > 1:04:24shop on Black Friday, could you start day that happens before

1:04:24 > 1:04:30Christmas. -- the discount day. Retailers will have two look at

1:04:30 > 1:04:34where they target their discounts, before or after Christmas. -- will

1:04:34 > 1:04:42have to look. We know that much of the purchasing that goes on here

1:04:42 > 1:04:46over the next week comes from non- British people, foreign visitors,

1:04:46 > 1:04:51tourists, taking advantage of the weak pound to grab a bargain and in

1:04:51 > 1:04:54particular, Chinese visitors who account for quite a lot of spending

1:04:54 > 1:04:58at high end shops like Selfridge's where we are this morning. Retailers

1:04:58 > 1:05:04count on that.

1:05:04 > 1:05:10We will be talking about this throughout the programme. If you are

1:05:10 > 1:05:15out and about, perhaps you are a sales yourself, let us know.

1:05:15 > 1:05:19The Royal Navy says there has been an increase in the number of Russian

1:05:19 > 1:05:21ships travelling through, or near the UK's territorial waters

1:05:21 > 1:05:22over the festive period.

1:05:31 > 1:05:34On Christmas Day, HMS St Albans was sent to escort

1:05:34 > 1:05:37a Russian warship through the North Sea as it passed close

1:05:37 > 1:05:38to UK waters.

1:05:38 > 1:05:40Defence Secretary Gavin Williamson said he will not "tolerate any

1:05:40 > 1:05:41form of aggression".

1:05:41 > 1:05:44A 20-year-old man will appear before magistrates this morning charged

1:05:44 > 1:05:47with murder, after a fatal stabbing in a restaurant in Middlesbrough

1:05:47 > 1:05:48on Christmas Eve.

1:05:48 > 1:05:50Efreeqi Mohamed Siddig is accused of killing 41-year-old

1:05:50 > 1:05:54Mazhar Ali from Stockton-on-Tees who died in hospital yesterday.

1:05:54 > 1:05:56A British woman being held on suspicion of drug-smuggling

1:05:56 > 1:05:59will appear in court in Egypt later this morning.

1:05:59 > 1:06:01Laura Plummer was arrested in October when officials found 290

1:06:01 > 1:06:04tramadol tablets in her suitcase, which are legal in the UK,

1:06:04 > 1:06:05but not in Egypt.

1:06:05 > 1:06:08The shop assistant from Hull says she was carrying the pills

1:06:08 > 1:06:15for her Egyptian partner, who suffers from back pain.

1:06:15 > 1:06:18The NHS has promised to cut back on prescribing gluten-free biscuits,

1:06:18 > 1:06:29pasta and anti-dandruff shampoo.

1:06:29 > 1:06:32A study by the TaxPayers' Alliance has found many items,

1:06:32 > 1:06:35which are prescribed by GPs in England, are available

1:06:35 > 1:06:37in supermarkets - often at a much cheaper price.

1:06:37 > 1:06:38Nick Quraishi reports.

1:06:38 > 1:06:43The TaxPayers' Alliance has highlighted a number of items it

1:06:43 > 1:06:45says were prescribed on the NHS last year.

1:06:45 > 1:06:46They include this sunscreen.

1:06:46 > 1:06:49A nonbranded version is available for half the price.

1:06:49 > 1:06:53Branded gluten-free biscuits, significantly more

1:06:53 > 1:06:58expensive than a supermarket equivalent.

1:06:58 > 1:07:01Ibuprofen, 30% cheaper away from the NHS.

1:07:01 > 1:07:09And Colgate toothpaste, over-the-counter it is 70% cheaper.

1:07:16 > 1:07:18The TaxPayers' Alliance says...

1:07:18 > 1:07:22In response, an NHS England spokesman said...

1:07:29 > 1:07:32The health service says it is already reviewing ten items it

1:07:32 > 1:07:37claims are ineffective, unnecessary and inappropriate for prescriptions.

1:07:37 > 1:07:40Nick Quraishi, BBC News.

1:07:40 > 1:07:42How did you spend your Christmas Day?

1:07:42 > 1:07:42Eating?

1:07:42 > 1:07:42Drinking?

1:07:42 > 1:07:43Bit of telly?

1:07:43 > 1:07:49How about jumping out of a plane wearing only a floppy suit?

1:07:49 > 1:07:52That's what the competitors at the Wingsuit Flying World Cup got

1:07:52 > 1:07:58up to as Tim Allman explains.

1:07:58 > 1:08:01You know what they say - what goes up must come down.

1:08:01 > 1:08:03A principle they understand all too well at the

1:08:03 > 1:08:04Wingsuit Flying World Cup.

1:08:04 > 1:08:07Teams from around the globe competing in this extreme

1:08:07 > 1:08:14and hair-raising sport.

1:08:14 > 1:08:16TRANSLATION:I travelled more than 400 kilometres

1:08:16 > 1:08:30to see this.

1:08:30 > 1:08:33We arrived here early in the morning, just to watch

1:08:33 > 1:08:34the wingsuit flying show.

1:08:34 > 1:08:34It's spectacular!

1:08:34 > 1:08:36You can say that again.

1:08:36 > 1:08:38A couple of skydivers perform a 360-degree rotating nosedive.

1:08:38 > 1:08:40While others piggybacked from their teammates.

1:08:40 > 1:08:42But not everybody was happy with how things turned out.

1:08:42 > 1:08:45TRANSLATION:I think our performance this time didn't reflect our real

1:08:45 > 1:08:46strength.

1:08:46 > 1:08:48We will get to our best through regular competition.

1:08:48 > 1:08:57I hope we perform better next time.

1:08:57 > 1:08:58The Chinese team finished third overall,

1:08:58 > 1:09:00behind the winners, France, and the United States,

1:09:00 > 1:09:01who came second.

1:09:01 > 1:09:03It is a non-profit event, and the local

1:09:03 > 1:09:06school received a cheque worth more than $30,000.

1:09:06 > 1:09:08So some charitable spirit, combined with a little

1:09:08 > 1:09:08heart-stopping terror.

1:09:08 > 1:09:21How can you get more festive than that?

1:09:21 > 1:09:23It looks like great fun.

1:09:23 > 1:09:26It has officially been a white Christmas in the UK for some,

1:09:26 > 1:09:29with areas of Cumbria and the south of Scotland

1:09:29 > 1:09:35recording light snowfall.

1:09:35 > 1:09:38The last officially white Christmas was recorded three years ago,

1:09:38 > 1:09:41when parts of the Northern Isles in Scotland saw some snow.

1:09:41 > 1:09:44More wintry showers are expected - we'll get the latest from Phil

1:09:44 > 1:09:46in the weather centre in ten minutes.

1:09:46 > 1:09:53Lovely pictures from yesterday.

1:09:53 > 1:09:57Out of all the photographers waiting to snap a picture of the royal

1:09:57 > 1:09:59family at the Christmas Day service in Sandringham,

1:09:59 > 1:10:02it was a mum from Norfolk who managed to capture the perfect

1:10:02 > 1:10:03image on her phone.

1:10:03 > 1:10:06This photograph taken by Karen Anvil has now been used

1:10:06 > 1:10:08by journalists from all over the world.

1:10:08 > 1:10:11She says she hopes its sale will help with her daughter's

1:10:11 > 1:10:20university costs.

1:10:20 > 1:10:27A great story. All of the photographers with their

1:10:27 > 1:10:31professional cameras and up comes Karen with her iPhone managing to

1:10:31 > 1:10:33snap it.

1:10:33 > 1:10:35After recovering from a life-threatening brain tumour,

1:10:35 > 1:10:38Kiko Matthews gave up her job as a teacher and chose

1:10:38 > 1:10:41to live her life to the full and take on new challenges.

1:10:41 > 1:10:44Now she plans to sail solo across the Atlantic.

1:10:44 > 1:10:48Let's take a look at how her training's been going.

1:10:48 > 1:10:54I learned over the years that worrying is a waste of time. Meyer,

1:10:54 > 1:11:00God. Feeling a bit sick and a bit drowsy and miserable. It is all

1:11:00 > 1:11:04going on, it is ramping up, we are on the home straight. My health, I

1:11:04 > 1:11:08think, is going in the right direction. Breakfast. Overcome the

1:11:08 > 1:11:14challenges, at it more resilience. I did at doing 52 K on my first stint.

1:11:14 > 1:11:19Serious decisions to make. Only -- Buckingham Palace! Is not about

1:11:19 > 1:11:23having lots of money to do things. It is not about having lots of

1:11:23 > 1:11:27skills. It is not about knowing loads of people. If we put our minds

1:11:27 > 1:11:30to it, if we are positive, we can do it.

1:11:30 > 1:11:33And Kiko joins us now.

1:11:33 > 1:11:43Merry Christmas. Seeing that training, how is it going?It is

1:11:43 > 1:11:46unbelievable, the training, just everything. It has been an insane

1:11:46 > 1:11:52journey.Tell us why you have decided to do it. It is extreme.

1:11:52 > 1:12:00Yes. It is not your everyday. There is the cherry on the top which is

1:12:00 > 1:12:09the catalyst, my mum said someone would make a good boyfriend. The

1:12:09 > 1:12:16attention seeking... The other more serious reason is I wanted to raise

1:12:16 > 1:12:22money for the hospital to say thank you to save my life. It is important

1:12:22 > 1:12:28people challenge themselves because it bring things to their

1:12:28 > 1:12:32development. You can do anything if you are positive and you work

1:12:32 > 1:12:41together. Having not road before in my life and having raised the sort

1:12:41 > 1:12:47of money to do it, I was hoping it would be big enough evidence that

1:12:47 > 1:12:52she can do anything.We are seeing some pictures. How are you feeling

1:12:52 > 1:12:56about it now?I'm really excited. I live in the end of January. I have

1:12:56 > 1:13:03been doing so much training. I'm looking forward to going out there.

1:13:03 > 1:13:08I'm sure they will be some hairy moments that feeling like it is

1:13:08 > 1:13:13time.What is the training involved? What do you have to do a part from

1:13:13 > 1:13:23rolling?Physically, the training is, I go to the gym. -- rowing. I

1:13:23 > 1:13:30have an instructor. Over the summer, I work on my back. Out in the sea on

1:13:30 > 1:13:38the beat back and I have joined a few rowing clubs in London, low key.

1:13:38 > 1:13:46I cycle to my meetings. Anything that is enjoyable.I feel like you

1:13:46 > 1:13:50should be doing something while you are sat on the so far.Don't

1:13:50 > 1:13:55encourage it.Have you always been active? I know you are saying you

1:13:55 > 1:13:58have always been somebody who is highly motivated and likes a

1:13:58 > 1:14:03challenge but how different is it to your life before?School finished

1:14:03 > 1:14:08and I didn't do anything at uni, hated the gym. I have always had a

1:14:08 > 1:14:13bike but never anything serious. I have just done sport enjoyment,

1:14:13 > 1:14:18really, rather than anything. I am not a sports fanatic. But do like

1:14:18 > 1:14:22it.And then when you got ill, did it make you feel like it was

1:14:22 > 1:14:29something like time to take it up? Perpetuity tumour caused my muscles

1:14:29 > 1:14:33to disappear. -- tumour. I could barely get up the stairs and being

1:14:33 > 1:14:36someone who is quite strong naturally to having to quake myself

1:14:36 > 1:14:43out of the bath and use my hands and thanks to get up the stairs, I

1:14:43 > 1:14:49became better and wanted to focus on health and do something that would

1:14:49 > 1:14:53challenge my body. It was just incredible to see the difference

1:14:53 > 1:14:57between being really ill and not being ill and I wanted to make the

1:14:57 > 1:15:02most of that.I eat when you were ill, you could never imagined a day

1:15:02 > 1:15:07that you are about to row across the Atlantic.To be honest, I didn't

1:15:07 > 1:15:14know it existed. The knowledge of that only came about when I met a

1:15:14 > 1:15:20guy who owns the boat. When I was ill, nothing else, I wasn't thinking

1:15:20 > 1:15:28about anything else, to be honest. How was your health now?Perfect.

1:15:28 > 1:15:32The tumour returned in August. I had it removed again admit training

1:15:32 > 1:15:39which was incredible. -- need training. It is related to my

1:15:39 > 1:15:49hormones. They were a bit wobbly. -- mid-training. We are waiting to see

1:15:49 > 1:16:00if it is long-term.

1:16:00 > 1:16:02story. Good luck with it. Keep it up dated, knowing us, will be knocking

1:16:02 > 1:16:08at your door, trying to get you to do live crosses from the boat. Thank

1:16:08 > 1:16:12you very much and have a lovely rest of your Christmas season.

1:16:12 > 1:16:14It's 07:17 and you're watching Breakfast from BBC News.

1:16:14 > 1:16:16The main stories this morning: Universities are warned

1:16:16 > 1:16:19by the government they must allow students to hear controversial views

1:16:19 > 1:16:24in order to protect free speech.

1:16:24 > 1:16:27Boxing Day bargain hunting could be losing its appeal,

1:16:27 > 1:16:29according to new BBC research, as shops open their doors

1:16:29 > 1:16:33for the traditional sales.

1:16:33 > 1:16:39Here's Phillip with a look at this morning's weather.

1:16:43 > 1:16:48It was a white Christmas, officially come yesterday? In some parts of UK,

1:16:48 > 1:16:54a bit of snow? We got there eventually. The

1:16:54 > 1:16:57traditionalists probably wanted this kind of scene earlier in the day. We

1:16:57 > 1:17:00were suggesting at this time yesterday that there was something

1:17:00 > 1:17:03just coming down through Scotland which could deposit this kind of

1:17:03 > 1:17:08snow, and it has been through the central belt and the high ground on

1:17:08 > 1:17:11either side which generated an awful lot of which is from our Weather

1:17:11 > 1:17:15Watchers this morning. I think we're already seeing some of that snow

1:17:15 > 1:17:18turning to rain, pulling away through the north-east of England,

1:17:18 > 1:17:22the south-east and the borders, but it leaves behind the prospect of

1:17:22 > 1:17:26ice. The day will be a much cooler, fresher, brighter day for many than

1:17:26 > 1:17:29has been the case lately. Quite a peppering of showers across the

1:17:29 > 1:17:35northern parts of Scotland. Watch out for that ice with the lying

1:17:35 > 1:17:40snow. There is a bit of fun to be had, provided you are not in your

1:17:40 > 1:17:44car. Plenty of showers coming in through Northern Ireland and to the

1:17:44 > 1:17:47northern parts of England at the moment. Further south than that,

1:17:47 > 1:17:51lots of dry, fine and bright weather to be had, still a sparkling of

1:17:51 > 1:17:54showers through Wales, the Midlands, and the south-west of England. I

1:17:54 > 1:17:58would urge in the south-western quarter to make the most of the dry

1:17:58 > 1:18:01weather in between the showers this morning, because around about

1:18:01 > 1:18:04lunchtime, we will see the first signs of this wet and windy weather

1:18:04 > 1:18:08beginning to push in a cross that south-western quarter, and some of

1:18:08 > 1:18:12the rain quite heavy. It is going to help keep the temperature is up,

1:18:12 > 1:18:17eight or nine or 10 degrees, that wind going all the while. Further

1:18:17 > 1:18:20east, you are really on borrowed time across the Midlands and East

1:18:20 > 1:18:24Anglia, the rain heading towards you and indeed into the north of Wales.

1:18:24 > 1:18:27Further north than that, northern parts of England, Northern Ireland

1:18:27 > 1:18:31and southern Scotland, a decent afternoon in prospect. In the

1:18:31 > 1:18:35northern parts of Scotland showers turning increasingly wintry. There

1:18:35 > 1:18:43comes the rain. Here is the additional one. We've got some snow

1:18:43 > 1:18:46likely as that whole system moves further to the east, so it will open

1:18:46 > 1:18:51the door for a mix on the northern and western flanks of that low of

1:18:51 > 1:18:55the rain to convert to snow. I don't just mean the higher ground in the

1:18:55 > 1:18:59Peak District and Wales. Ten centimetres, perhaps, for some. It

1:18:59 > 1:19:02could be at lower levels that we will see someone treats their

1:19:02 > 1:19:08getting into the Midlands and East Anglia, down towards the Chilterns.

1:19:08 > 1:19:12Once that system is the way we have a really bright day on our hands

1:19:12 > 1:19:17across a good part of the British Isles. You will notice again that it

1:19:17 > 1:19:22is about two or six degrees. No more than double figures. That will lead

1:19:22 > 1:19:25a son after a chilly night, Wednesday and Thursday, offer a

1:19:25 > 1:19:30decent day on Thursday. No fronts to speak of until later in the day. We

1:19:30 > 1:19:34will start to see the first signs of another transition, as if we haven't

1:19:34 > 1:19:38had enough, into something a good deal more unsettled, coming in from

1:19:38 > 1:19:42the Atlantic this time, which will probably do us for the next few days

1:19:42 > 1:19:46once that weather front has got its way in. So make the most of the dry

1:19:46 > 1:19:49and bright weather because it probably won't last. We will talk

1:19:49 > 1:19:53about the snow later on today and indeed through the rest of the day

1:19:53 > 1:19:59for the rest of our bulletins. A quick question, as a man who knows

1:19:59 > 1:20:02lots about outdoor life, I'm going to the football later,

1:20:02 > 1:20:05Middlesbrough, how many layers do I need?Where are they playing?At

1:20:05 > 1:20:12home.You will need plenty. You have probably got used to nine or 10

1:20:12 > 1:20:16degrees, but think single figures. Because you'll be sitting around,

1:20:16 > 1:20:20must you are getting very enthusiastic, I am afraid the cold

1:20:20 > 1:20:25will really get into you. Especially up in the Ira area.Single figures,

1:20:25 > 1:20:29that his T-shirt weather for us from the north.Yes, all right, easy,

1:20:29 > 1:20:34Tiger. If you wear a T-shirt, don't blame me. You've had your forecast.

1:20:34 > 1:20:39And good luck as well, being a Middlesbrough fan.Cheeky monkey!

1:20:41 > 1:20:42Let's take a look at this morning's papers.

1:20:42 > 1:20:45Let's take a look at this morning's papers.

1:20:45 > 1:20:45Holly this morning's papers.

1:20:45 > 1:20:46Holly joins this morning's papers.

1:20:46 > 1:20:46Holly joins us this morning's papers.

1:20:46 > 1:20:46Holly joins us as this morning's papers.

1:20:46 > 1:20:47Holly joins us as well. this morning's papers.

1:20:47 > 1:20:47Holly joins us as well. Good this morning's papers.

1:20:47 > 1:20:49Holly joins us as well. Good morning, Holly. Have you seen this

1:20:49 > 1:20:53picture of the royal family?This was everywhere yesterday.Obviously

1:20:53 > 1:20:56lots of Heppell are trying to capture the royal family walking to

1:20:56 > 1:20:59the church service on the Sandringham estate yesterday. Lots

1:20:59 > 1:21:03of photographers, we had reporters there as well. The best picture, the

1:21:03 > 1:21:08one that is being used by most of the newspapers, was taken by Karen,

1:21:08 > 1:21:12so, she happened to be there with her daughter and she snapped this on

1:21:12 > 1:21:17her phone. It is great.I love how happy she was, if you saw her

1:21:17 > 1:21:21Twitter feed. She was so pleased with herself. Just when down to see

1:21:21 > 1:21:25she could catch a glimpse, and to this lovely picture which ended up

1:21:25 > 1:21:27on the front pages.The other photographers must be furious about.

1:21:27 > 1:21:33They are out of a job.Let's look at some of the other stories on the

1:21:33 > 1:21:38Daily Mirror. That same photo, and a lovely story about a baby girl who

1:21:38 > 1:21:42fought back from the brink of death and has spent her first Christmas at

1:21:42 > 1:21:45home, they gorgeous little Santa outfit. She was born one year ago

1:21:45 > 1:21:50with a heart defect and she was sent to a hospice. Surgeons saved her,

1:21:50 > 1:21:54and her mother says she is her little miracle. You have to love

1:21:54 > 1:22:00stories like that at this time of year. That is a lovely story. The

1:22:00 > 1:22:04Times, this morning, a picture of Meghan Markle, obviously lots of

1:22:04 > 1:22:07people wondering how she would fit in with the royal family on her

1:22:07 > 1:22:11first official trip, the Christmas service in Sandringham, and that

1:22:11 > 1:22:14story we have been talking about this morning. Universities must open

1:22:14 > 1:22:19minds, not close them. This is about the universities minister, Joe

1:22:19 > 1:22:23Johnson, who is giving a speech later talking about how we must

1:22:23 > 1:22:26allow, I suppose, controversial figures to speak at universities and

1:22:26 > 1:22:31let people make up your own minds. I tell you what, what we certainly

1:22:31 > 1:22:35don't want to see as the cricket going anywhere other than where it

1:22:35 > 1:22:40ousted.I'm not going to be bringing you the news. I think we will be

1:22:40 > 1:22:46focusing on their antics. This is of course Tom Curren, Stuart Broad, and

1:22:46 > 1:22:51Jonny Bairstow, enjoying some this disease. This was before they got

1:22:51 > 1:22:55into the fourth test. -- enjoying some festive at ease. Most of the

1:22:55 > 1:23:01back ages this morning would later by pale blue. If you are not a

1:23:01 > 1:23:05Manchester City fan you be sick of the sight of this. This was a very

1:23:05 > 1:23:07big story, dominating all December. Manchester City absolutely

1:23:07 > 1:23:13dominating the Premier League. What can we expect in the next few

1:23:13 > 1:23:17months?Well, things can change quite easily.Exactly. I was talking

1:23:17 > 1:23:21about how I'm going to Middlesbrough later. There is a great story here,

1:23:21 > 1:23:30in this newspaper this morning. This is a parrot called Rocco owned by a

1:23:30 > 1:23:34Manchester United fan named Mike. A sickly, the parrot gets very heavily

1:23:34 > 1:23:37involved in the football is on. It opens B is for everybody watching

1:23:37 > 1:23:41the foot while, and it gives various views on what it thinks is going on.

1:23:41 > 1:23:46I won't repeat what it says because it can be a little bit rude. But

1:23:46 > 1:23:50that is what you want, that is what you need. The parrot that can bring

1:23:50 > 1:23:54Euboea.I don't think even a parrot could help them down in Melbourne,

1:23:54 > 1:23:58mind you. I am not bringing good news. One of these days I will have

1:23:58 > 1:24:01good news. It has been incredible battle this morning. We have been

1:24:01 > 1:24:05watching it might. Honestly, it has been one of those series where we

1:24:05 > 1:24:08are just so concerned at this point that they could be a whitewash.

1:24:08 > 1:24:12Australia have already won the Ashes, just remember that. But now

1:24:12 > 1:24:15it is all about pride. And the opening day of the fourth test has

1:24:15 > 1:24:19not done England any favours. It really wasn't the start they would

1:24:19 > 1:24:24have wanted. David Warner punishing the England bowlers again, making a

1:24:24 > 1:24:29century on day one. The tourists did recover, taking two wickets between

1:24:29 > 1:24:34lunch and tea. Another came in the final session. Tom Curren's debut

1:24:34 > 1:24:37and England's bowling attack didn't go as they would have liked.

1:24:37 > 1:24:40Australia's total climbed rapidly.

1:24:40 > 1:24:43The oustanding batsman of the series, Captain Steve Smith,

1:24:43 > 1:24:45has scored yet another half-century and Australia closed the day

1:24:45 > 1:24:51on 244-3.

1:24:51 > 1:24:56Let's talk about the football, as the festive fixtures continue. Eight

1:24:56 > 1:25:00games today the leaders, Manchester City, will play Newcastle tomorrow.

1:25:00 > 1:25:05This afternoon's early kick-off, Tottenham meet Southampton, with

1:25:05 > 1:25:09Harry Kane looking to beat a record held by Alan Shearer. He is

1:25:09 > 1:25:14currently level with him on 36 goals in the calendar year. Manchester

1:25:14 > 1:25:18United's task today is to narrow that 14 point gap between themselves

1:25:18 > 1:25:22and Man City at the top of the table. They are at home to Burnley.

1:25:22 > 1:25:26United slipped up on the weekend, allowing war so to equalise in

1:25:26 > 1:25:30injury time, but only manager Shaun Di stars -- doesn't think that will

1:25:30 > 1:25:32mean his side gets an easy ride.

1:25:32 > 1:25:35They still look a high-quality group of players to me.

1:25:35 > 1:25:38I was there recently, about to dig in and get a win,

1:25:38 > 1:25:41actually, but that's the mark of a good side.

1:25:41 > 1:25:44If it's not quite their day or the other team are playing well,

1:25:44 > 1:25:46they're still out for a result.

1:25:46 > 1:25:49I don't think we're going there expecting it to be anything other

1:25:49 > 1:25:51than a tough game.

1:25:51 > 1:25:54And there's just one game in the Scottish Premiership this

1:25:54 > 1:25:55afternoon, with champions Celtic away to Dundee.

1:25:55 > 1:25:58Serena Williams said she'd get back on the tennis circuit pretty

1:25:58 > 1:26:01quickly, after giving birth to her first child -

1:26:01 > 1:26:07and she's announced her return.

1:26:07 > 1:26:09She'll play an exhibition match against Jelena Ostapenka

1:26:09 > 1:26:12in Abu Dhabi next week, it'll be four months

1:26:12 > 1:26:13since her daughter Alexis arrived.

1:26:13 > 1:26:16Williams hasn't played since she won the Australian Open in January

1:26:16 > 1:26:18and although she hasn't yet decided whether she'll be

1:26:18 > 1:26:21defending her title, the tournament organisers have said

1:26:21 > 1:26:26it's very likely.

1:26:26 > 1:26:31Isn't she incredible?Her child in the four-month old, unbelievable.

1:26:31 > 1:26:37Now, you a Boxing Day shopper?If I am to be honest I avoid it at all

1:26:37 > 1:26:40costs.Apparently that is true of a lot of people.

1:26:40 > 1:26:43Are the Boxing Day sales still enough to get us off the sofa

1:26:43 > 1:26:45and down to the shops?

1:26:45 > 1:26:48With Black Friday forcing many retailers to cut prices as long ago

1:26:48 > 1:26:51as November, the majority of shoppers surveyed by BBC Radio

1:26:51 > 1:26:544's You & Yours programme said the sales had lost their sparkle,

1:26:54 > 1:26:57as Samantha Fenwick reports.

1:26:57 > 1:27:00Savinda and her daughter Joti meet up every weekend to go shopping

1:27:00 > 1:27:03and look for bargains.

1:27:03 > 1:27:05I've waited with people outside, and then gone

1:27:05 > 1:27:10into the store, and found lovely bargains.

1:27:10 > 1:27:12But this Boxing Day, the high street sales don't

1:27:12 > 1:27:17have the same appeal.

1:27:17 > 1:27:20Sales are on all the time and I'm always getting emails

1:27:20 > 1:27:23from shops saying, you can get it cheaper beforehand

1:27:23 > 1:27:24and things like that.

1:27:24 > 1:27:35So I won't be doing anything like that, I'll be in bed.

1:27:35 > 1:27:37NEWSREEL: They are here again, the sales and the queues.

1:27:37 > 1:27:40You can't afford to miss a good bargain in these days.

1:27:40 > 1:27:42Some all-night queuers receive a morning surprise -

1:27:42 > 1:27:45a cuppa to warm them up for the battle ahead.

1:27:45 > 1:27:48The post-Christmas sales, a festive tradition in the UK.

1:27:48 > 1:27:50Retailers called it the golden quarter, the discounts

1:27:50 > 1:27:53starting on Boxing Day - an important part of the three

1:27:53 > 1:27:55months at the end of the year.

1:27:55 > 1:27:57Retailers hope to boost their profits and shoppers

1:27:57 > 1:27:58to get a bargain.

1:27:58 > 1:28:09You can get almost anything at these sales.

1:28:09 > 1:28:11It has changed over the years, though.

1:28:11 > 1:28:13This is the Boxing Day sale only five years ago.

1:28:13 > 1:28:16Shoppers didn't queue quite a sedately as in the 1950s.

1:28:16 > 1:28:18But would they do the same today?

1:28:18 > 1:28:22We asked more than 1000 shoppers what they thought of the Boxing Day

1:28:22 > 1:28:25sales, and more than half of them think they have lost the appeal

1:28:25 > 1:28:26they once had.

1:28:26 > 1:28:28Virtually nobody we survey said they would be

1:28:28 > 1:28:31getting up early this morning to beat the queues.

1:28:31 > 1:28:33They have been overshadowed by other sales that run

1:28:33 > 1:28:34throughout the year.

1:28:34 > 1:28:38Particularly Black Friday.

1:28:38 > 1:28:41This year, over 40% of us bought something on Black Friday,

1:28:41 > 1:28:44and that means we spent a lot of Christmas money already

1:28:44 > 1:28:45and we can't spend money twice.

1:28:45 > 1:28:47Shoppers expect things to be discounted and

1:28:47 > 1:28:50discounted heavily, and if retailers don't offer great deals,

1:28:50 > 1:28:54shoppers go somewhere else.

1:28:54 > 1:28:56Yet despite this apparent addiction to discounting,

1:28:56 > 1:29:0062% of people we surveyed believe that if a shop always has a sale on,

1:29:00 > 1:29:01it devalues the brand.

1:29:01 > 1:29:04Jenny Parker is the co-founder of Country Attire, an online shop

1:29:04 > 1:29:07selling 180 different brands.

1:29:07 > 1:29:10It can be extremely damaging for a brand to always be on sale.

1:29:10 > 1:29:13It is important to be very strategic about when you discount.

1:29:13 > 1:29:16The brands which are doing well never really

1:29:16 > 1:29:17have blanket discount sales.

1:29:17 > 1:29:21They are the ones which are really forensic as to what pricing they go

1:29:21 > 1:29:30at, and when they go.

1:29:30 > 1:29:32Have you got everything you need?

1:29:32 > 1:29:34Nothing is more frustrating than when you buy

1:29:34 > 1:29:37something for price and the prices are constantly getting slashed down.

1:29:37 > 1:29:44It feels as though they must be struggling.

1:29:44 > 1:29:47How can they afford to sell it so cheap?

1:29:47 > 1:29:48Retailers are struggling.

1:29:48 > 1:29:50Competition to get shoppers spending is as fierce as ever,

1:29:50 > 1:29:52online and on the high street.

1:29:52 > 1:29:55And with family budgets predicted to get tighter next year,

1:29:55 > 1:30:05it looks like the year-round sale is here to stay.

1:30:05 > 1:30:09I am surprised you didn't want one of those hats yourself, Samantha

1:30:09 > 1:30:13Kerr 's share our well, I am tempted.He is giving us a round of

1:30:13 > 1:30:17applause.I do think it is a surprise, is it, that things are

1:30:17 > 1:30:20calmer with the sales today given how much we are seeing the retailers

1:30:20 > 1:30:28discount things?When you see pictures of Boxing Day sales by

1:30:28 > 1:30:32years ago, everyone was struggling to get in. Now you see it on Black

1:30:32 > 1:30:39Friday. Even in the UK when we have wrought in these make it sales. That

1:30:39 > 1:30:46is what we found in our survey. Even if you look across Oxford Street

1:30:46 > 1:30:55earlier run, fewer people there than in the past.If I go shopping and

1:30:55 > 1:30:59there is no sale, I feel like I am let down. Is there a difference

1:30:59 > 1:31:06generation only in the way we treat shopping and sales spending?People

1:31:06 > 1:31:11over 65 are less likely to shop in sales and if they are going to go to

1:31:11 > 1:31:14the sales, they will go to the shops the way they traditionally always

1:31:14 > 1:31:19have done. Younger people and those under 35, they are going to be the

1:31:19 > 1:31:23ones doing most of the sales shopping and they will be doing it

1:31:23 > 1:31:27online. Even if there are sales and transactions going through today,

1:31:27 > 1:31:31they are probably going through tablets, laptops, using your mobile

1:31:31 > 1:31:37phone. There are people going and queueing outside. Those archive

1:31:37 > 1:31:43shots of people queueing up with cups of tea and having a jolly old

1:31:43 > 1:31:49time, that might be a time of the past.They used to be legendary

1:31:49 > 1:32:01queues.Brown paper on the walls. It was more of an event. As you say,

1:32:01 > 1:32:07sales are on all year round. It's not so special any more.Lovely to

1:32:07 > 1:32:19have you on the sale. -- on the sofar. -- sofa.

1:32:36 > 1:32:38Hello, this is Breakfast with Steph McGovern.

1:32:38 > 1:32:41Good Morning, here's a summary of today's main stories from BBC

1:32:41 > 1:32:43News.

1:32:43 > 1:32:46The Universities Minister, Jo Johnson, will issue his clearest

1:32:46 > 1:32:48warning yet that universities must protect free speech.

1:32:48 > 1:32:51He will say students must be able both to hear and challenge

1:32:51 > 1:32:53controversial views during their years of study.

1:32:53 > 1:32:56Some universities and student groups have refused entry to speakers

1:32:56 > 1:32:57advocating disputed points of view.

1:32:57 > 1:33:00The body representing British universities said it would not allow

1:33:00 > 1:33:12legitimate debate to be stifled.

1:33:12 > 1:33:14Millions of shoppers are expected to head out

1:33:14 > 1:33:16to the Boxing Day sales today.

1:33:16 > 1:33:18It marks the start of a what has traditionally been

1:33:18 > 1:33:21a crucial period for retailers across the UK.

1:33:21 > 1:33:24But the majority of shoppers surveyed by BBC Radio 4's You &

1:33:24 > 1:33:26Yours programme believe online shopping and early Black Friday

1:33:26 > 1:33:39deals have made the post Christmas sales less appealing.

1:33:39 > 1:33:41A British woman being held on suspicion of drug-smuggling

1:33:41 > 1:33:44will appear in court in Egypt later this morning.

1:33:44 > 1:33:47Laura Plummer was arrested in October when officials found 290

1:33:47 > 1:33:49tramadol tablets in her suitcase, which are legal in the UK,

1:33:49 > 1:33:51but not in Egypt.

1:33:51 > 1:33:54The shop assistant from Hull says she was carrying the pills

1:33:54 > 1:33:58for her Egyptian partner, who suffers from back pain.

1:33:58 > 1:34:01The Royal Navy says there has been an increase in the number of Russian

1:34:01 > 1:34:04ships travelling through, or near the UK's territorial waters

1:34:04 > 1:34:05over the festive period.

1:34:05 > 1:34:08On Christmas Day, HMS St Albans was sent to escort

1:34:08 > 1:34:11a Russian warship through the North Sea as it passed close

1:34:11 > 1:34:12to UK waters.

1:34:12 > 1:34:14Defence Secretary Gavin Williamson said he will not "tolerate any

1:34:14 > 1:34:22form of aggression".

1:34:22 > 1:34:25Dr Who fans were given a glimpse of the first ever female Doctor

1:34:25 > 1:34:27in action in last night's Christmas special.

1:34:27 > 1:34:29Jodie Whittaker appeared in the final two minutes

1:34:29 > 1:34:32of the episode, which saw the departure of Peter Capaldi,

1:34:32 > 1:34:45as well as the show's writer Steven Moffatt.

1:34:45 > 1:34:47A lot to look forward to.

1:34:47 > 1:34:50Now on Breakfast, Alex Guljarani and Jessica Creighton take a look

1:34:50 > 1:34:55back at the year's sporting highlights.

1:35:00 > 1:35:03Hello, and welcome along to a look back at what has been another

1:35:03 > 1:35:05fantastic year in sport.

1:35:05 > 1:35:08Yes, from the Women's Cricket World Cup to the British and Irish Lions

1:35:08 > 1:35:12tour of New Zealand and everything else in between.

1:35:12 > 1:35:15We'll have it all over the next half an hour.

1:35:15 > 1:35:18Some huge nights across the world, and plenty of them in

1:35:18 > 1:35:19this stadium behind us.

1:35:19 > 1:35:21The World Athletics and Para Athletics Championships

1:35:21 > 1:35:22came to London this summer.

1:35:22 > 1:35:24The quickest, the strongest, the best in the business.

1:35:24 > 1:35:31And for us, the last chance to see some of them compete.

1:35:35 > 1:35:40He's stood like a colossus over this sport for so long.

1:35:40 > 1:35:43The cameras trained on one man.

1:35:43 > 1:35:44A moment of history, they hope.

1:35:44 > 1:35:50One more time for Mo Farah.

1:35:50 > 1:35:54Two of the sport's most iconic faces bid farewell this summer.

1:35:54 > 1:36:00Britain's shining knight, Sir Mo Farah, at it again in London.

1:36:00 > 1:36:02Gold in the 10,000 metres, but his final outing

1:36:02 > 1:36:04delivered a surprise - silver!

1:36:04 > 1:36:07But his status, secure.

1:36:07 > 1:36:08There's no place like home.

1:36:08 > 1:36:12I really enjoyed the journey, and it's this moment that makes it

1:36:12 > 1:36:14special and you won't forget.

1:36:14 > 1:36:17While Farah will return in the marathon, Usain Bolt

1:36:17 > 1:36:18said goodbye for good.

1:36:18 > 1:36:25But a golden farewell it wasn't to be.

1:36:25 > 1:36:28COMMENTATOR:And Coleman's still got the lead, and Gatlin wins it!

1:36:28 > 1:36:31London ready to create more superstars and stories that

1:36:31 > 1:36:32captured the nation.

1:36:32 > 1:36:34Take Isaac Makwala, not allowed to compete due to illness.

1:36:34 > 1:36:38He found a way, out on his own against the clock, pressing his case

1:36:38 > 1:36:40but no fairytale ending.

1:36:40 > 1:36:41And what of Russia?

1:36:41 > 1:36:44Still banned as a whole, but eight neutral athletes

1:36:44 > 1:36:47were allowed to compete.

1:36:47 > 1:36:49Maria Lasitskene took gold.

1:36:49 > 1:36:51A rare outing on top of the podium.

1:36:51 > 1:36:53A place British athletes seldom stood.

1:36:53 > 1:36:56Though the relay teams finished on a high.

1:36:56 > 1:37:00The women's 4x100 picked up silver, just in time to cheer on the men.

1:37:00 > 1:37:05COMMENTATOR:That should be gold!

1:37:05 > 1:37:09A golden ending for Great Britain, on top of the world as one,

1:37:09 > 1:37:13of the greatest walked away.

1:37:13 > 1:37:15All that followed yet another impressive World Para Athletics

1:37:15 > 1:37:17Championships for GB.

1:37:17 > 1:37:20Hannah Cockroft took her tally to ten world titles,

1:37:20 > 1:37:22with another three in London.

1:37:22 > 1:37:26Including the world record over 100 metres.

1:37:26 > 1:37:30That was one of 32 world records over the Championships.

1:37:30 > 1:37:32Sam Kinghorn getting one in the 200 metres,

1:37:32 > 1:37:35Hollie Arnold in the javelin.

1:37:35 > 1:37:40While Britain's poster boy Jonnie Peacock delivered yet again.

1:37:40 > 1:37:49Like Peacock, Adam Peaty cannot be stopped right now.

1:37:49 > 1:37:53The medals and world records keep piling up.

1:37:53 > 1:37:56This year, it was Budapest - his world titles retained,

1:37:56 > 1:38:01the pace even quicker.

1:38:01 > 1:38:04We've done a lot of speed work this year, and I'm more

1:38:04 > 1:38:06than happy to come here, defend my title -

1:38:06 > 1:38:08or attack my title, as they say.

1:38:08 > 1:38:13If you are a kid watching this now, you can be in the Olympics in four

1:38:13 > 1:38:15or eight years' time, don't let anything stop you.

1:38:15 > 1:38:17Tom Daley also found gold in Hungary.

1:38:17 > 1:38:20The ten-metre platform crown capped off another successful year for him

1:38:20 > 1:38:21on the road to Tokyo.

1:38:21 > 1:38:28COMMENTATOR:That's has got to be gold for Tom Daley.

1:38:28 > 1:38:31All eyes in the footballing world turn to the World Cup

1:38:31 > 1:38:34in Russia next summer.

1:38:34 > 1:38:36England will be there.

1:38:36 > 1:38:40Northern Ireland just fell short against Switzerland.

1:38:40 > 1:38:45This year, it was a chance for the women's game to shine.

1:38:45 > 1:38:48The European Championship in the Netherlands was an opportunity

1:38:48 > 1:38:50for these England players to get their hands

1:38:50 > 1:38:52on a major trophy.

1:38:52 > 1:38:55But by the end of the tournament, no one could have

1:38:55 > 1:38:59predicted the fallout.

1:38:59 > 1:39:01England arrived in the Netherlands in buoyant mood,

1:39:01 > 1:39:02expectant of success.

1:39:02 > 1:39:05Jody Taylor's goals, five of them in total, helped get

1:39:05 > 1:39:06England into the last four.

1:39:06 > 1:39:10COMMENTATOR:Taylor through on the edge of the penalty area.

1:39:10 > 1:39:14Lifts it over the goalkeeper and into the net!

1:39:14 > 1:39:15It's in.

1:39:15 > 1:39:15It's in!

1:39:15 > 1:39:17England lead France by 1-0.

1:39:17 > 1:39:22Jody Taylor has got it.

1:39:22 > 1:39:25Unfortunately, it all fell apart.

1:39:25 > 1:39:27More semi-final heartache for England's women.

1:39:27 > 1:39:30But glory and defeat soon turned for manager Mark Samson.

1:39:30 > 1:39:33He was sacked after details of inappropriate behaviour

1:39:33 > 1:39:36with female players from his time with Bristol emerged.

1:39:36 > 1:39:39And after being cleared of discrimination towards Eni Aluko,

1:39:39 > 1:39:43an independent investigation found he had made unacceptable,

1:39:43 > 1:39:47ill-judged attempts at humour.

1:39:47 > 1:39:49Mo Marley took the reigns, and along with Wales,

1:39:49 > 1:39:54both home nations are on course to reach the World Cup in 2019.

1:39:54 > 1:39:57Domestically, the women's game had a one-season wonder -

1:39:57 > 1:40:00the spring series, and victory was Chelsea's.

1:40:00 > 1:40:03Their men's team delivered up the Premier League title, too.

1:40:03 > 1:40:06An impressive start to life in England for Antonio Conte.

1:40:06 > 1:40:12Although his team were denied a double by Arsenal.

1:40:12 > 1:40:13COMMENTATOR:There's Giroud, pulling it back!

1:40:13 > 1:40:15Arsenal have broke once more.

1:40:15 > 1:40:16Arsene Wenger becoming the most successful

1:40:16 > 1:40:19manager in FA Cup history.

1:40:19 > 1:40:23Jose Mourinho led Manchester United to silverware, too -

1:40:23 > 1:40:25the League Cup and Europa League finding residence in

1:40:25 > 1:40:27the north-west this summer.

1:40:27 > 1:40:30While in Scotland, Celtic beat all in front of them.

1:40:30 > 1:40:32All major trophies were theirs, as they went

1:40:32 > 1:40:36on a 69-match unbeaten run.

1:40:36 > 1:40:39A new record for the Scottish champions, and a huge one

1:40:39 > 1:40:40smashed over in Paris.

1:40:40 > 1:40:42PSG signing the Brazilian superstar Neymar from Barcelona

1:40:42 > 1:40:47for an eye-watering £200 million.

1:40:47 > 1:40:51Some investment there, and one by the FA in England's future.

1:40:51 > 1:40:54A year when England's youth teams dominated major tournaments

1:40:54 > 1:40:57the U19s won the Euros.

1:40:57 > 1:41:10While the U17s and U20s won the World Cup.

1:41:10 > 1:41:13World champions in football, and world champions in boxing.

1:41:13 > 1:41:16Nine British men hold that honour, but only one man made 2017 his own.

1:41:16 > 1:41:20April 29th, and the home of football became the home of Anthony Joshua.

1:41:20 > 1:41:22Wembley Stadium transformed for one of the biggest nights

1:41:22 > 1:41:36in British boxing history.

1:41:36 > 1:41:38Throughout my boxing career, when I turned professional,

1:41:38 > 1:41:41I thought of Wladimir Klitschko would potentially be retired

1:41:41 > 1:41:43by the time I become a champion.

1:41:43 > 1:41:45Klitschko is very respectful, and I took inspiration

1:41:45 > 1:41:48from Klitschko, when I was looking up to him before

1:41:48 > 1:41:51I competed with him.

1:41:51 > 1:41:57On how to conduct myself outside of the ring.

1:41:57 > 1:42:00The press conference wasn't the most entertaining in terms of flipping

1:42:00 > 1:42:03tables and disrespecting each other.

1:42:03 > 1:42:05But it showed that's not where it matters.

1:42:05 > 1:42:09Where it matters is in the ring, and that's why I say that fight

1:42:09 > 1:42:10lived up to my expectations.

1:42:10 > 1:42:15A night that Joshua, the 90,000 inside and the millions

1:42:15 > 1:42:16watching around the world, will never forget.

1:42:16 > 1:42:20Wladimir Klitschko defeated.

1:42:20 > 1:42:24Six months later, and nearly 80,000 packed into Cardiff to see him

1:42:24 > 1:42:27defend those titles against Carlos Takam.

1:42:27 > 1:42:31A record indoor attendance for a boxing match.

1:42:31 > 1:42:33This sets up for when the real challengers present themselves,

1:42:33 > 1:42:38and then you start cementing your name in the history books.

1:42:38 > 1:42:39I think that's what 2017 represents.

1:42:39 > 1:42:43You've got here, don't lose focus, because now the hard work begins.

1:42:43 > 1:42:482017 was also the year George Groves finally became a world champion,

1:42:48 > 1:42:51while Ryan Burnett became a unified champion at bantamweight.

1:42:51 > 1:42:55Across the Atlantic, a circus like no other

1:42:55 > 1:42:59rolled into Las Vegas.

1:42:59 > 1:43:04Conor McGregor against Floyd Mayweather.

1:43:04 > 1:43:12Mixed martial arts superstar against the self-proclaimed best-ever boxer.

1:43:12 > 1:43:25And the boxer won.

1:43:25 > 1:43:31In gymnastics, Ellie Downie made history in Romania,

1:43:31 > 1:43:35becoming the first British woman to reach all five individual finals,

1:43:35 > 1:43:37and the first to take home gold in the all-around final.

1:43:37 > 1:43:41She left with four medals in total, and she wasn't the only

1:43:41 > 1:43:43record-breaker, as Max Whitlock defended his pommel

1:43:43 > 1:43:43title in Montreal.

1:43:43 > 1:43:47Another first for GB.

1:43:47 > 1:43:48Oh my word.

1:43:48 > 1:43:51Jonathan Rae was another man making history, a third consecutive

1:43:51 > 1:43:54World Superbike crown for the Northern Irishman.

1:43:54 > 1:43:57Bianca Walkden became a two-time Taekwondo champion in South Korea.

1:43:57 > 1:44:01She successfully defended her heavyweight title.

1:44:01 > 1:44:05While Jade Jones settled for bronze in the featherweight division.

1:44:05 > 1:44:08And the World Snooker Championship crown couldn't be wrestled away

1:44:08 > 1:44:11from the Jester from Leicester.

1:44:11 > 1:44:13Your champion, Mark Selby.

1:44:13 > 1:44:25APPLAUSE.

1:44:32 > 1:44:35Lewis Hamilton knows what it takes to be a winner,

1:44:35 > 1:44:38and the three-time world champion wanted more in 2017.

1:44:38 > 1:44:41He got a new team mate, for starters.

1:44:41 > 1:44:43Valtteri Bottas replacing the retiring world

1:44:43 > 1:44:46champion Nico Rosberg.

1:44:46 > 1:44:50One familiar face gone, but another was lurking.

1:44:50 > 1:44:55The season opener in Melbourne, Australia, and Sebastian Vettel,

1:44:55 > 1:45:01not Hamilton, was suddenly the man to beat.

1:45:01 > 1:45:04Shanghai, China and a return for Hamilton.

1:45:04 > 1:45:06This year's title challenge was set.

1:45:06 > 1:45:09By the time they got to Montreal and Race 7,

1:45:09 > 1:45:14there was not much between them.

1:45:14 > 1:45:17Three wins apiece.

1:45:17 > 1:45:20Silverstone, and a homecoming like no other.

1:45:20 > 1:45:24Hamilton, a five-time winner now with the British Grand Prix.

1:45:24 > 1:45:29Up there with Jim Clark, one of the greats.

1:45:30 > 1:45:33The turning point in the Championship came in Singapore.

1:45:33 > 1:45:35Vettel on pole, but crash - and big one.

1:45:35 > 1:45:37The German, out.

1:45:37 > 1:45:41So too Verstappen and Raikkonen.

1:45:41 > 1:45:42Hamilton, swept to victory.

1:45:42 > 1:45:44And in Mexico City, three races later, his status

1:45:44 > 1:45:46as champion was confirmed.

1:45:46 > 1:45:48British dominance on four wheels was replicated on two,

1:45:48 > 1:45:52thanks to this man - Chris Froome.

1:46:02 > 1:46:04British dominance on four wheels was replicated on two,

1:46:04 > 1:46:08thanks to this man - Chris Froome.

1:46:08 > 1:46:11On that start line, I've got a massive target on my back.

1:46:11 > 1:46:14I know that every single rider there is looking at me

1:46:14 > 1:46:15and looking at how to beat me.

1:46:17 > 1:46:23Even his own team-mates fancied a go.

1:46:23 > 1:46:26Geraint Thomas became the first Welshman to wear yellow

1:46:26 > 1:46:27at the Tour de France.

1:46:27 > 1:46:31But he just kept it warm for Froome, as by stage four, he was back

1:46:31 > 1:46:39on top, although he didn't have it all his own way.

1:46:39 > 1:46:45It was such a close race.

1:46:45 > 1:46:49There was a stage in the second week of the Tour de France where I lost

1:46:49 > 1:46:53the yellow jersey for a few days to the Italian, Fabio Aru.

1:46:53 > 1:46:56At that point, we didn't know if I was going to get it back.

1:46:56 > 1:46:58I mean, I certainly hoped I would.

1:46:58 > 1:47:05But it could have gone either way, right up until the very last stage.

1:47:05 > 1:47:09So after over 2000 miles, the tour came to a time trial in Marseille.

1:47:09 > 1:47:11Three contenders, Froome, Aru, Nibali.

1:47:11 > 1:47:19And Froome came out on top.

1:47:19 > 1:47:22I have won the Tour de France four times, but each time,

1:47:22 > 1:47:25rolling into Paris, I've just welled up with tears.

1:47:25 > 1:47:26It's just so emotional.

1:47:26 > 1:47:28It marks the end of this three-week journey.

1:47:28 > 1:47:31You've had this massive challenge and you've come out on top.

1:47:31 > 1:47:33It's an amazing feeling, having won the biggest

1:47:33 > 1:47:35bike race in the world.

1:47:35 > 1:47:36But he didn't stop there.

1:47:36 > 1:47:38Attention soon turned to Spain and the Vuelta.

1:47:38 > 1:47:41Something that I've been trying to do for a few years now,

1:47:41 > 1:47:44and I've learnt where I've made mistakes in the past.

1:47:44 > 1:47:48Where I've fell short in the past, and how to improve on that.

1:47:48 > 1:47:51And some improvement it was, as he became only the third man

1:47:51 > 1:47:54to win both the Tour de France and the Vuelta a Espana

1:47:54 > 1:47:58in the same year.

1:47:58 > 1:48:08I'm still hungry, still motivated to keep trying to win

1:48:08 > 1:48:09another Tour de France.

1:48:09 > 1:48:14As long as the body is able to do this, I am going to keep going.

1:48:14 > 1:48:18But the year ended under a bit of a cloud, after news of an adverse

1:48:18 > 1:48:21drugs test at the Vuelta came to light.

1:48:21 > 1:48:24Froome had doubled the allowed amount of a legal asthma medication

1:48:24 > 1:48:33in his urine sample.

1:48:33 > 1:48:36He has denied any wrongdoing, and is cooperating with the sport's

1:48:36 > 1:48:38authorities to explain the levels.

1:48:38 > 1:48:41He says he took the greatest care to ensure he did not use more

1:48:41 > 1:48:45than the permissible dose.

1:48:45 > 1:48:48British success wasn't limited to individual brilliance in 2017.

1:48:48 > 1:48:52In rugby union, the Six Nations and Women's World Cup produced some

1:48:52 > 1:48:54enthralling encounters, but undoubtedly the story

1:48:54 > 1:48:56of the year featured the British and Irish Lions.

1:48:56 > 1:49:00They went on the road to face these guys -

1:49:00 > 1:49:10the world champions, the All Blacks.

1:49:10 > 1:49:13New Zealand - beauty, and plenty of beasts.

1:49:13 > 1:49:14Nothing serene about the welcome that greeted

1:49:14 > 1:49:16Warren Gatland and his Lions.

1:49:16 > 1:49:19Led again by Sam Warburton, the captain had to recover

1:49:19 > 1:49:22from injury first.

1:49:22 > 1:49:25Six tough challenges to get them warm came and went,

1:49:25 > 1:49:27before the two giants finally went head-to-head.

1:49:27 > 1:49:30The All Blacks, ready for the tourists and up

1:49:30 > 1:49:30for the challenge.

1:49:30 > 1:49:33The comeback, with a little help from Sonny Bill Williams.

1:49:33 > 1:49:35His early departure helping the rampaging Lions get

1:49:35 > 1:49:44back on level terms.

1:49:44 > 1:49:49Now we've got to head to Auckland and it's one each.

1:49:49 > 1:49:52We didn't even celebrate when the final whistle went.

1:49:52 > 1:49:56We're evens now, they won the first half, we won the second half.

1:49:56 > 1:50:02We've got one more half of rugby.

1:50:02 > 1:50:0680 minutes, winner takes all.

1:50:06 > 1:50:13The All Blacks in charge early, but the Lions

1:50:13 > 1:50:15were never too far away.

1:50:15 > 1:50:17Owen Farrell kicking them level with time disappearing

1:50:17 > 1:50:19and eventually, it did.

1:50:19 > 1:50:21The match and series - drawn.

1:50:21 > 1:50:25Given the schedule, given how tough the tour was to come to New Zealand

1:50:25 > 1:50:31and draw the series, you have got to be proud of that.

1:50:31 > 1:50:38The Lions home with a share of the honours.

1:50:38 > 1:50:44England nearly took them all home in the Six Nations,

1:50:44 > 1:50:46as their dominance under Eddie Jones continued until the final.

1:50:46 > 1:50:50Ireland ending their unbeaten run of 18 matches.

1:50:50 > 1:50:52But the championship was already won.

1:50:52 > 1:50:54England's women would go one better.

1:50:54 > 1:51:00Grand Slam champions with five wins from five.

1:51:00 > 1:51:02The perfect preparation for the defence of their World Cup

1:51:02 > 1:51:04title and early performances suggested they were at

1:51:04 > 1:51:06their best in Ireland.

1:51:06 > 1:51:08While the hosts and Wales came unstuck, England

1:51:08 > 1:51:09breezed into the last four.

1:51:09 > 1:51:13A solid win over France and England set up a final against New Zealand.

1:51:13 > 1:51:16End to end action in Belfast, but it wasn't to be England's day.

1:51:16 > 1:51:20New Zealand, the new world champions.

1:51:20 > 1:51:23In club rugby, another triumphant year in Europe for Saracens.

1:51:23 > 1:51:25As they successfully defended their European Champions Cup.

1:51:25 > 1:51:28Exeter Chiefs won their first ever top-flight title,

1:51:28 > 1:51:29beating Wasps in the season finale.

1:51:29 > 1:51:33The Pro12 would become a Pro14 in 2017 with two South African sides

1:51:33 > 1:51:47entering the league.

1:51:47 > 1:51:54But before that, Welsh side Scarlets won the title, beating Munster.

1:51:54 > 1:52:00It was World Cup year in rugby league and England made it

1:52:00 > 1:52:04to the final for the first time in 22 years.

1:52:04 > 1:52:07The hosts and defending champions Australia though, just had too much

1:52:07 > 1:52:13for Wayne Bennett's men.

1:52:13 > 1:52:15The domestic season went to familiar faces.

1:52:15 > 1:52:18Hull FC kept the Challenge Cup under lock and key their trophy

1:52:18 > 1:52:20cabinet for another season.