:00:16. > :00:24.I am Jon Sopel live in Athens where violence has erupted on the city
:00:24. > :00:32.streets. Demonstrators clashed with riot police as parliament debates
:00:32. > :00:41.tough measures to slash savings. The IMF and the Europeans are
:00:41. > :00:45.trying to make us pay adept we did not create. I will bring you of the
:00:45. > :00:50.latest from Athens where in this square there is a party atmosphere
:00:50. > :00:56.but outside the parliament there have been fresh clashes in the last
:00:56. > :01:04.couple of minutes between police and protesters. Can China say the
:01:04. > :01:11.euro? The Chinese premier has hinted he might buy a geek debt.
:01:11. > :01:21.There is a first female head of the International Monetary Fund.
:01:21. > :01:31.executive board proceeded to except her by consensus. Going through
:01:31. > :01:32.
:01:32. > :01:42.drought and war in Somalia has created a large refugee group. 75
:01:42. > :01:54.
:01:54. > :02:01.years on we see a detailed record by MI5. Hello and welcome to Greece
:02:01. > :02:07.where you can probably see the flares being thrown at police and
:02:07. > :02:13.tear gas rising into the night sky here in Athens. This violence has
:02:13. > :02:21.just erupted in the last few moments taking away the joyous
:02:21. > :02:29.celebration here that was in deep square for the last hour and a half.
:02:29. > :02:34.He Rent-A-Center of Athens a small group of people are trying to shine
:02:34. > :02:40.lasers into the eyes of the police. The police are retaliating with
:02:40. > :02:47.tear gas. You can see the smoke rising as night falls here in
:02:47. > :02:54.Athens. There was a joyous party atmosphere but for some that has
:02:54. > :03:00.been dissipated by the violence that is just going on right next to
:03:00. > :03:07.the parliament building. For a report on today's events are let's
:03:07. > :03:14.hear now from our Europe Editor. The Greek police had expected
:03:14. > :03:20.trouble. This was the key moment when they were voting on further
:03:21. > :03:29.austerity measures. The protesters almost immediately turned violent.
:03:29. > :03:36.There is a 48 hour general strike. Satellite vans were attacked and
:03:36. > :03:42.set on fire. With all the tension in recent days it was almost
:03:42. > :03:47.inevitable there would be an outbreak of violence. The police
:03:47. > :03:56.fired hundreds of follies of stun grenades and tear gas to try to
:03:56. > :04:04.clear the crowds. There is feelings IT in the Greek Government about
:04:04. > :04:11.the extent of the violence. Away from this Squier large parts of the
:04:11. > :04:16.Greek economy were brought to a halt by strikes. Earlier in the day
:04:16. > :04:25.there were protest marches. The Government insist austerity
:04:25. > :04:30.measures are needed. Without them, Creek -- D Reyes is heading for a
:04:30. > :04:37.further crisis but many ordinary Greeks do not accept that. They are
:04:37. > :04:44.lying. Everybody knows that. Time and again I heard ordinary Greeks
:04:44. > :04:48.are telling me that they were not to blame for the debt crisis.
:04:48. > :04:58.the IMF and the European Union are trying to make us pay a debt that
:04:58. > :05:03.
:05:03. > :05:06.we didn't create. As the afternoon wore on the violence continued. The
:05:06. > :05:16.question is whether the Government can implement spending cuts in the
:05:16. > :05:16.
:05:16. > :05:22.face of such resistance. In the chaos some Greeks turned on each
:05:22. > :05:32.other to try to stop the violence. Many ordinary Greeks are deeply
:05:32. > :05:37.
:05:37. > :05:44.angry. That violence has carried on into the evening. Stun grenades are
:05:44. > :05:52.being fired as well as tear gas. A whole corner of the square has now
:05:52. > :06:02.been cleared by the riot police. They are making something of a
:06:02. > :06:04.
:06:04. > :06:07.crash in the corner. I am joined by one of the protesters, a peaceful
:06:07. > :06:17.protester, when I saw you you had rubber gloves on and were cleaning
:06:17. > :06:18.
:06:18. > :06:23.the streets, why? I wanted to make a peaceful protest. It is what many
:06:23. > :06:28.thousands of these people are trying to do. What do you think of
:06:28. > :06:37.the people making the violence? They do not represent what I was
:06:37. > :06:44.trying to say to everyone. They are just trying to separate us as a
:06:44. > :06:50.country and show nothing but violence. And what do you think of
:06:50. > :06:56.the week today's demonstration has unfolded? It is unfortunate that a
:06:56. > :07:02.very small minority has been able to disrupt a protest that began
:07:02. > :07:08.peacefully, a very large protest. It is something the Government
:07:08. > :07:18.allowed to happen. When you say the Government allows it to happen, are
:07:18. > :07:19.
:07:19. > :07:23.you saying there are Asha went provocateurs in the crowd? There
:07:23. > :07:28.are people smashing things up to have been seen consulting with the
:07:28. > :07:35.police. We do not know how rampant it is but it is certainly taking
:07:35. > :07:42.place. If you are watching you will be seeing green lights. There is
:07:42. > :07:46.somebody with a light down in deep crowd who is trying to shine the
:07:46. > :07:50.lights in our eyes up here. What do you think will happen tomorrow
:07:50. > :07:59.morning? What will happen if the Government does fought for further
:07:59. > :08:05.austerity measures? I do not know. I really hope that more people will
:08:05. > :08:12.come and more people will protest with no violence at all. Then we
:08:12. > :08:17.can show that we really want things in the best way. Do you think if
:08:17. > :08:22.the parliament votes for it will be the end of the protests? Absolutely
:08:22. > :08:26.not. There are no great number of people from very different
:08:26. > :08:32.backgrounds who are very upset about what is going on. Some of
:08:32. > :08:38.them right fully so, others less so. The great challenge for Government
:08:38. > :08:45.if the measures are passed tomorrow is to take some drastic measures
:08:45. > :08:49.firstly against tax cheats and secondly against social spending in
:08:49. > :08:56.the public sector to really reform Government and not try to continue
:08:56. > :09:01.in the old bankrupt ways. Whatever happens tomorrow, whether it is
:09:01. > :09:06.voted for or against, it seems the protests will continue? Yes,
:09:06. > :09:12.because we do not trust this Government at all, whatever the EC.
:09:12. > :09:20.The protests will go on because we want them to go away. Thank you for
:09:20. > :09:25.being with us. There is a kind of joyous atmosphere there in the
:09:25. > :09:30.square. If I can just show you that corner of the square which is now
:09:30. > :09:35.empty which is where the police have been firing tear gas in the
:09:35. > :09:40.past few minutes. They have just absolutely cleared that section of
:09:40. > :09:46.the crowd. There is a line of riot police stopping people getting
:09:46. > :09:53.anywhere close to the parliament. These green laser lights seemed to
:09:53. > :10:02.be being aimed at anyone at the moment. From here it is Athens
:10:02. > :10:07.ahead of tomorrow's crucial vote. Back you in the studio in London.
:10:07. > :10:14.It has just been announced that the next person to head the
:10:14. > :10:24.International Monetary Fund will be a woman who is at present the
:10:24. > :10:26.
:10:26. > :10:31.French finance minister. Other reporter has more. With her jobs in
:10:31. > :10:38.law and finance, she is used to breaking glass ceilings. Now she
:10:38. > :10:43.shatters another, becoming the first female managing director of
:10:43. > :10:49.the International Monetary Fund. terms of being a woman I think I
:10:49. > :10:56.bring a new dimension that is not very often represented in financial
:10:56. > :11:01.circles. This was her main director -- competitor. Even he thought she
:11:01. > :11:07.was unstoppable, admitted during the race it was like starting a
:11:07. > :11:16.soccer game with a 5-seal score. is very difficult to break at
:11:16. > :11:20.tradition given the crisis in Europe, Europe thinks the needs it
:11:20. > :11:29.requires, are marginally instinctive. With the eurozone in
:11:29. > :11:36.crisis, Europe has never relied more on the IMF. While that may be
:11:36. > :11:40.a selling point for some, others will see it as a source of weakness.
:11:40. > :11:44.I have empathy in one sense for the European position but there is a
:11:44. > :11:50.danger it could be seen as favouritism rather than technically
:11:50. > :11:57.minded decision which will not serve Europe or the IMF well in the
:11:57. > :12:05.long run. Strauss can quit the post to fight sexual assault charges in
:12:05. > :12:11.New York. Many say Europeans have now got what they wanted but not
:12:11. > :12:18.without treading on many people's tours. It is a victory they may
:12:18. > :12:24.come to regret. To get the latest I am joined by a spokesperson from
:12:24. > :12:30.New York. We have just had a statement from her in the last few
:12:30. > :12:36.moments seeing how honoured she is to be chosen by the IMF to be the
:12:36. > :12:41.next managing director. There was an interesting reference to serving
:12:41. > :12:46.the entire membership of the International Monetary Fund. She
:12:46. > :12:52.mentions this in particular because during this race there have been
:12:53. > :12:59.questions about whether or not the tradition of having a European head
:12:59. > :13:05.of the IMF and an American head of the World Bank is really right in
:13:05. > :13:10.this day and age with emerging world markets. She was really
:13:10. > :13:15.trying to address that criticism. Did she get much support from
:13:15. > :13:20.emerging markets? In the end she did get some support particularly
:13:20. > :13:26.from countries like Russia and Brazil. There was a? About her
:13:26. > :13:31.candidacy among other smaller emerging markets. Really, her one
:13:31. > :13:39.opponent simply did not galvanised the emerging countries into
:13:39. > :13:44.supporting him, even though he himself is from Mexico. The other
:13:44. > :13:49.interesting statement that we have also had in the last few minutes is
:13:49. > :13:54.from the president of the World Bank. The World Bank and the IMF
:13:54. > :14:00.work closely together. The World Bank try to relieve poverty around
:14:00. > :14:03.the world. The top man here is talking about how closely they will
:14:03. > :14:10.work together and that he is looking forward to doing more of
:14:10. > :14:17.that in the future. The spectre of drought is once again haunting the
:14:17. > :14:21.Horn of Africa. It is said to be the worst dry spell in 60 years. In
:14:21. > :14:31.Somalia at the double hardship of war and drought has brought an
:14:31. > :14:41.unprecedented number of refugees. There are reports that every day at
:14:41. > :14:44.
:14:44. > :14:48.They are arriving here, hungry, exhausted and awaiting health. Save
:14:48. > :14:54.the children says many people are turning up every day as keeping
:14:54. > :14:59.Somalia, many of them children. Some walk for weeks to reach the
:14:59. > :15:05.calm with almost no possessions. They have been coming here to
:15:05. > :15:11.escape the war in Somalia, but now a severe drought is hitting hard.
:15:11. > :15:16.Well some dried up in Somalia forcing people to flee. -- some
:15:16. > :15:20.wells have dried up. People are trekking through the deserts under
:15:20. > :15:23.the searing sun to arrive here at Dadaab to escape the drought and
:15:23. > :15:29.soaring food prices that have put people at risk throughout East
:15:29. > :15:35.Africa. Although made up of three settlements, Dadaab is often
:15:35. > :15:40.referred to as the largest refugee calm in the world. It is home to
:15:40. > :15:44.360,000 people, but designed for a quarter of that number. The
:15:44. > :15:48.conditions are terrible. The organisation, Medecins Sans
:15:48. > :15:52.Frontieres, is struggling to cope with the sharp rise in the number
:15:52. > :15:58.of arrivals. It says because of conditions in Somalia and the
:15:58. > :16:02.arduous journey, the refugees are arriving in urgent need of medical
:16:02. > :16:11.care. Almost half of the children have never had a vaccination. Plans
:16:11. > :16:16.to build a new refugee calm in the area have stalled. They are worried
:16:16. > :16:20.about the prospect of even more refugees turning up. The war in
:16:20. > :16:26.Somalia shows no sign of ending, and the drought is expected to
:16:26. > :16:32.continue for several months. Conditions in this overcrowded area
:16:32. > :16:36.at are likely to get even worse. -- overcrowded area.
:16:36. > :16:41.Some of the other news today, the Chinese have charities are
:16:41. > :16:45.demanding that the artist Ai Weiwei pays nearly $2 million in back
:16:45. > :16:48.taxes for fines following his release from detention. A friend of
:16:48. > :16:53.the art is said Ai Weiwei received a letter from Monday giving him
:16:53. > :16:57.three days to reply to the demand. Ai Weiwei has been banned from
:16:57. > :17:02.speaking in public since his release last week and it is unclear
:17:02. > :17:06.at the excepts the tax demand. He was part of a campaign against the
:17:06. > :17:10.commoners Party in China. Six men have pleaded not guilty to
:17:10. > :17:14.the attempted murder of form or Rwanda of army chief, General
:17:14. > :17:19.Faustin Kayumba Nyamwasa. He fled to South Africa last year after
:17:19. > :17:21.falling out with the President. A piece of flying debris has
:17:21. > :17:27.narrowly missed the International Space Station for losing six
:17:27. > :17:31.members of the crew to rush to their rescue. -- forcing six
:17:31. > :17:35.members. Officials say that the debris past the station at 250
:17:36. > :17:40.metres distance. The crew got the all-clear to return to their work
:17:40. > :17:46.minutes after the collision was avoided.
:17:46. > :17:49.In Libya, the BBC has learned that a medical crisis is looming in the
:17:49. > :17:59.east. Hospitals and Ben Ghazni are running short of supplies and some
:17:59. > :18:01.
:18:01. > :18:05.people have died for lack of life- saving medicines.
:18:05. > :18:12.This is a six-year-old cancer patient returning from a severe
:18:12. > :18:18.lung infections. -- covering. -- recovering. If she had been next in
:18:19. > :18:23.line for a vaccine, she would be dead now. This little boy is not so
:18:23. > :18:26.lucky. His cancer has spread but the doctor has said he is only
:18:26. > :18:36.getting a partial course of treatment. It will not be enough to
:18:36. > :18:39.save him. We tried to divide the drugs between the patients. Some
:18:39. > :18:44.drugs Cirque not enough, so we have to leave it for other patients, and
:18:44. > :18:51.it is not good. -- some drugs are not enough. The doctor's struggle
:18:51. > :18:58.their meagre supplies, Sheringham among the children. -- struggle
:18:58. > :19:04.with their meagre supplies. Across the city, medical supplies are
:19:04. > :19:08.running out. Here, only enough anaesthetic for 60 operations.
:19:08. > :19:15.Liquid paracetamol, crucial for intensive care, down to the last
:19:15. > :19:20.box. There is enough here only for a few patients. Even the basic
:19:20. > :19:25.supplies like medical equipment are needed. More than 20 patients have
:19:25. > :19:28.died because of this supply problem. The director of the hospital is at
:19:28. > :19:37.his wit's end with surgeons also treating frontline casualties from
:19:37. > :19:42.Misrata. Some of them are, toes. We are frustrated. -- some of them are
:19:42. > :19:47.in a coma. Nobody has given us anything. There has been some
:19:47. > :19:51.emergency medical aid from abroad, but not enough to restock the
:19:51. > :19:57.hospital. The Health Minister has said he is appealing to every
:19:57. > :20:05.foreigner I P that visits. We ask them, everyone I sit with them, we
:20:05. > :20:09.ask them for a list of medicines. We say, this is what I need. It is
:20:09. > :20:13.not just a crisis and the hospitals here, it is a symptom of a bigger
:20:13. > :20:17.problem. The rebel government has simply run out of money. They had
:20:17. > :20:23.made desperate appeals to the outside world to unlock funds, but
:20:23. > :20:29.so far, they say nothing has happened. A bureaucratic logjam
:20:29. > :20:34.that is putting vulnerable lives at risk.
:20:34. > :20:38.The Chinese premier has won many friends in Europe over the last few
:20:38. > :20:42.days by promising to help out struggling economies. Today he is
:20:42. > :20:47.in Germany, China's biggest European trading partner signing
:20:47. > :20:51.deals worth $15 billion. Wen Jiabao emphasised his confidence in the
:20:51. > :20:54.struggling economies and there are reports he may buy some of the
:20:54. > :20:58.Greek debts. These new deals contribute to the continuing
:20:58. > :21:02.investment that he has been bringing into Europe from China.
:21:02. > :21:07.Europe is currently their biggest trading partner overtaking their
:21:07. > :21:11.relationship with United States. In the last year, it is estimated
:21:11. > :21:16.China has bought 40 billion euros worth of European assets. It has
:21:16. > :21:22.already bought at least 6 billion euros worth of public debt in Spain
:21:22. > :21:26.and a billion Euros in Portugal. To get more on this, we are joined by
:21:26. > :21:31.chairman of the 48 Group Club, a business group that promotes
:21:31. > :21:38.positive relationships with China. Stephen Parry, can they saved the
:21:38. > :21:41.euro-zone? I think the Chinese are engaging in a positive way. There
:21:41. > :21:46.is the issue would trying to diversify their large reserves.
:21:46. > :21:50.They have three trillion dollars, they have too much in the US dollar,
:21:50. > :21:54.they are moving away from that and the euro is the next biggest
:21:54. > :21:59.opportunity. It also reflects a strategic relationship with Germany
:21:59. > :22:03.and with Europe that China has chosen to make and participate in
:22:03. > :22:07.trying to solve some of the European problems. How did that
:22:07. > :22:12.relationship with Germany, about? It is particularly close now? In
:22:12. > :22:16.quite a short space of time! could say it goes back to the
:22:16. > :22:20.Lehman Brothers and the breakdown in the financial system in the West.
:22:20. > :22:25.There is the situation were 18 of the last 20 centuries, some of the
:22:25. > :22:31.nations have been over 50 % of the world's economies. There are now 25
:22:31. > :22:34.% and going back to 50 %. Germany is deciding to engage with those
:22:34. > :22:38.countries in a very major way and China is responding to these
:22:38. > :22:42.overtures from Germany and we are seeing this relationship bonding in
:22:42. > :22:48.a very real way. It is not just Germany and China, it is Germany
:22:48. > :22:52.and Russia, Germany and Brazil. France, said Britain and United
:22:52. > :22:57.States are a bit hesitant. Germany is engaging, the rest are standing
:22:57. > :23:02.back a little bit. What about Greece, rumours, hopes that China
:23:02. > :23:07.might buy some of their debts. What interest with China have in that?
:23:07. > :23:11.They have already invested in a Greek infrastructure like one of
:23:11. > :23:16.their ports. China is very active in investing in Europe across the
:23:17. > :23:21.world. It starts in Germany, works from Eastern Europe, and Greece,
:23:21. > :23:26.Portugal and Spain, they are taking particular interest in debt rescue
:23:26. > :23:29.there. We do not know why lot of the terms. Is that because they are
:23:29. > :23:36.going cheap because they are in crisis? The Chinese are being
:23:36. > :23:39.careful not to make any major risks. Very few people are prepared, very
:23:40. > :23:44.few countries are prepared to lend into this situation. Britain is
:23:44. > :23:48.very hesitant. The Chinese being prepared to lend us a very good
:23:48. > :23:54.thing. I'm sure their terms will be to make sure that their investment
:23:54. > :23:59.is not frittered away. Is it not just a matter of time before China
:23:59. > :24:06.overtakes the United States as the world's biggest economy? If so, are
:24:06. > :24:12.we seeing China position itself strategically for that role? There
:24:12. > :24:16.are different dates, 2020, 2030, China's six trillion dollars, the
:24:16. > :24:20.United States, 15 trillion dollars. You are seeing a country expanding
:24:20. > :24:24.in a very measured way and another country that is in crisis, the
:24:24. > :24:28.United States, unable to handle its deficits and other problems
:24:28. > :24:33.effectively. Hopefully that could change. At the moment, tiny is
:24:33. > :24:37.mainly interested in China and it is participating in no way that it
:24:37. > :24:42.would do so without much of restrictions. -- China's many
:24:42. > :24:46.interested. The British citizens that went to
:24:46. > :24:50.the Spanish Civil War is a long list of distinguished people. The
:24:50. > :24:54.full extent has finally been released by the National Archives
:24:54. > :24:57.here in Britain to mark the 75th anniversary of the outbreak of war.
:24:57. > :25:05.The British government opposed intervention, but many volunteers
:25:05. > :25:10.were driven by political beliefs. Spain's civil war tore the country
:25:10. > :25:14.apart between 1936 and 1939. Defending the Republican government
:25:14. > :25:18.against fascists also became a rallying point for those on the
:25:18. > :25:22.political left, further afield, including Britain. A stream of
:25:22. > :25:26.volunteers were drawn in to fight for the so-called international
:25:27. > :25:31.brigade alongside the Republicans. Now for the first time, we have a
:25:31. > :25:35.glimpse of how many there were. Because Britain was officially
:25:35. > :25:42.neutral, some of the volunteers were Communists, the security
:25:42. > :25:45.service MI5 kept tabs on who they were. Until the mid- 1950s, it
:25:45. > :25:50.maintained this card index listing their personal details. Now, for
:25:50. > :25:54.the first time, it has been digitised and made available online
:25:54. > :25:59.by the National Archives. Among those that went out it was Eric
:25:59. > :26:03.Blair, better known as George Orwell. His file notes personal
:26:03. > :26:08.details and left-wing sympathies. He would write of his experiences
:26:08. > :26:13.in Spain in his book, homage to Catalonia. Hundreds of others are
:26:13. > :26:18.also listed and the files show that 4,000 people wanted to go to fight
:26:18. > :26:26.against the fascists. Far higher than the previous estimates of 2500
:26:26. > :26:30.volunteers. Hundreds of these people never made it back.
:26:30. > :26:36.Interesting history. The main news, police in Athens had been using
:26:36. > :26:40.tear gas against groups of youth during a series of protests against
:26:40. > :26:43.Greece's austerity measures. There is a vote in Parliament on
:26:44. > :26:53.Wednesday. That is all from the programme, Next, the weather, from
:26:54. > :27:03.
:27:03. > :27:07.They heatwave in eastern England came to a stormy ends today, but
:27:07. > :27:09.this will clear overnight to become cooler and easier to sleep in. A
:27:09. > :27:14.more familiar British summer weather story tomorrow with
:27:14. > :27:19.sunshine and showers. High pressure trying to build in across the UK
:27:19. > :27:23.from the south-west to settle things down. The influence is not
:27:23. > :27:28.strong enough yet to stop the shower is getting going during the
:27:28. > :27:33.day. Some heavy showers possible. Hit-and-miss. Not everyone will get
:27:33. > :27:38.them. Some showers across the north-east of England, but again,
:27:38. > :27:41.some of us will avoid them and stay dry. Very few showers in the south-
:27:41. > :27:45.east and for Wimbledon, but we cannot rule out the odd one showing
:27:45. > :27:51.up, but nothing like the sundry rain that we had to date. In the
:27:51. > :27:56.south-west, sunny spells, very few showers. In Wales in the afternoon,
:27:56. > :27:59.the odd shower possible, but some sunshine around. Scattered showers
:27:59. > :28:06.into north-west England and Northern Ireland, some showers. But
:28:06. > :28:10.the two particularly heavy. 17 degrees in Belfast. A scattering of
:28:10. > :28:14.heavy downpours in Scotland during the day, maybe some thunder also.