:00:16. > :00:21.This is BBC World News Today. The fightback begins. The recent
:00:21. > :00:24.violence on England's Street will not be tolerated. That is the
:00:24. > :00:29.message from the British Prime Minister, David Cameron. We will
:00:29. > :00:34.track you down, we will find you, we will charge you. You will pay
:00:34. > :00:38.for what you have done. We are sticking to our guns. It is still
:00:38. > :00:46.plan away. The Chancellor warns that the recovery will be harder
:00:46. > :00:50.and longer than expected. I am live in Naples, on the day that the
:00:50. > :00:56.Italian Finance Minister promised tough financial measures to bring
:00:56. > :01:06.down Italy's debt. The truth may be out there if you have the time and
:01:06. > :01:17.
:01:17. > :01:20.money to look. The defence ministry Criminality, pure and simple. That
:01:20. > :01:25.is how David Cameron has been describing the riots and looting
:01:25. > :01:30.across England in the last week. Speaking at an emergency recall of
:01:30. > :01:40.violence, he said -- recall of Parliament, he said the violence
:01:40. > :01:46.
:01:46. > :01:53.would not be tolerated. He also A smash and grab raid in south
:01:53. > :01:58.London. Today, it was the police doing it, with the cameras invited
:01:58. > :02:02.along to witness a suspect being hauled in. They and their political
:02:02. > :02:10.masters want the message to go alt that the streets of Britain are
:02:10. > :02:15.back under control. To the Lord -- the law abiding people, we will
:02:15. > :02:22.protect you. If you have had your livelihood damaged, we will
:02:22. > :02:27.compensate you. We are on your side. To the lawless minority, I say this.
:02:27. > :02:32.We will track down, we would find you, we will charge you, we will
:02:32. > :02:37.punish you. You will pay for what you have done. A packed house spoke
:02:37. > :02:46.as one during this emergency session. Almost as is the country
:02:46. > :02:50.was at war. Whatever we agree on, week by week, month by month, today
:02:50. > :02:55.as a house, we stand together against the violence that we have
:02:55. > :03:00.seen. They can be no excuses and no justification. This behaviour has
:03:00. > :03:03.disgusted us all. It cannot be allowed to stand and we will not
:03:03. > :03:09.allow it to stand. The bravery of the individual police officers
:03:09. > :03:14.caught up in the raids was praised. But there was a widespread
:03:14. > :03:19.criticism for the bosses tactics. The what became increasingly clear
:03:19. > :03:22.earlier this week was that they were far too few police employed on
:03:23. > :03:26.our streets, and the tactics they were using were not working. Police
:03:26. > :03:32.chiefs have been frank with me about the pride this happened.
:03:32. > :03:39.Initially, they treated this as a public order issue rather than a
:03:39. > :03:49.crime. In the future, combating gangs would be a national priority.
:03:49. > :03:52.
:03:52. > :03:58.Powers to reveal that -- to remove pace -- face marks would be used.
:03:58. > :04:04.Today, the MP for Tottenham spoke out about the anger of his
:04:04. > :04:11.constituents. 45 people have lost their homes in Tottenham. They were
:04:11. > :04:21.carrying their children in their arms. Their cry is "where was the
:04:21. > :04:28.police?". Thousands of police would be kept on the streets. One by one,
:04:28. > :04:31.officers are identifying those who should be brought to bear stairs.
:04:31. > :04:39.Politicians united to condemn the violence, but they were divided on
:04:39. > :04:46.the future of the police. With me in the studio is Phil Jones, a
:04:46. > :04:53.writer and youth worker, and Brian Paddick, a police commissioner
:04:53. > :04:58.turned politician. It was interesting, not a great deal of
:04:58. > :05:03.discussion in the Commons today about the causes of this, but they
:05:03. > :05:09.were saying the looting was about theft, not politics. The you agree
:05:09. > :05:13.with that? I think what happened was that potential looters saw that
:05:13. > :05:16.in Tottenham, people were able to go into stores, still things, in
:05:16. > :05:20.front of the bullet -- police, and the police were not doing anything
:05:20. > :05:23.about it. They thought if they could organise themselves in
:05:23. > :05:31.sufficient numbers, they could do the same things and get away with
:05:31. > :05:36.it. It was criminality? It wasn't part as -- part of a wider malaise
:05:37. > :05:42.in society, and they were making a point? If that was the case, why
:05:42. > :05:46.have we not seen looting up until now? The answer is, people wanted
:05:46. > :05:50.to get stuck for free, and they thought they could get away with it.
:05:50. > :05:56.Do you agree with that? Yes. I would like to make a couple of
:05:56. > :06:02.points. What we are looking at is the end product. That is the right
:06:02. > :06:08.and the breaking in that in those - - breaking in windows. I would like
:06:08. > :06:12.to make a point about the pack mentality. We saw it in the 1970s
:06:12. > :06:18.with football hooliganism. The police came down much harder in
:06:18. > :06:23.those days. Maybe it is a question that Prime could answer. Many
:06:23. > :06:27.people said that they went along with other people. I am the same as
:06:27. > :06:32.the next person. I saw the pictures and thought it was terrible. But I
:06:32. > :06:37.must come back to a point about the causes of this. I have been working
:06:37. > :06:41.for 15 years with these people in schools and so forth. Do we want to
:06:41. > :06:45.look at the course of why this happened or not? We can just look
:06:45. > :06:55.at the end product. I can give you some reasons. What are the causes
:06:55. > :07:01.behind this? When you ask me what I am a role model for, I look at the
:07:01. > :07:11.top down for a change. Let's look at the messages we just sent out. I
:07:11. > :07:15.
:07:15. > :07:20.am looking at the will of the Conservative MP who put a note into
:07:20. > :07:25.-- a house for his ducks. That came from taxpayers' expenses. What
:07:25. > :07:34.started -- startled me is that he said he was none of our business.
:07:34. > :07:42.The young people you spoke to, what was their reaction? Can I be frank
:07:42. > :07:47.with you? They said on a gangster's? They do not get sent to
:07:47. > :07:52.prison. David Cameron made clear that they have been failures in the
:07:52. > :07:57.police. Do you think if this had been addressed in a robust way, the
:07:57. > :08:02.copycat rioting would have not happened? I don't think so. They
:08:02. > :08:09.saw people getting away with it. We have had this before. When police
:08:09. > :08:13.had shot someone, it deteriorates into a riot. They must have known
:08:13. > :08:17.it was a likely outcome. They should have had police there in
:08:17. > :08:23.numbers. If they had done that, I do not think we would have seen the
:08:23. > :08:33.copycat riots. The water cannons used in Northern Ireland could be
:08:33. > :08:33.
:08:33. > :08:37.used here. But the powers outlined today. Is that enough? Turning of
:08:37. > :08:46.social networks if there is a threat? There is a balance here
:08:46. > :08:50.between civil liberties... A lot of the people cleaning up have used
:08:50. > :08:56.the same social networks. A thin toast -- turn of social networks is
:08:56. > :09:01.a bad thing. The police are not using their powers responsibly.
:09:01. > :09:06.Just a final thing for you both. In terms of parental responsibility, a
:09:06. > :09:11.breakdown in family, how much is that relevant as well? David
:09:11. > :09:15.Cameron talked about the broken society, a sick society. How much
:09:15. > :09:22.does that playing it? A very interesting comment but David
:09:22. > :09:28.Cameron made about the sick society. When I work with the young people,
:09:28. > :09:33.should I condemn the the single parent who does her level best day
:09:33. > :09:40.in day out to keep these people under -- keep these people out of
:09:40. > :09:46.trouble? Or should I can Ben -- condemned the parents? They need
:09:46. > :09:56.support. The support is being taken away. Just a final point on that
:09:56. > :09:57.
:09:57. > :10:00.one. A point on social housing. already have things like acceptable
:10:00. > :10:05.behaviour contracts, where people signed to say that the children
:10:05. > :10:10.will obey the law, and if not, their tenancy will be in jeopardy.
:10:10. > :10:14.I don't think we should do it after event -- after the event, but if we
:10:14. > :10:21.make it clear that good behaviour is a condition of it, then that is
:10:21. > :10:26.good. Thank you very much for talking to us. Plan A is the only
:10:26. > :10:29.plan for the UK. That was the message from George Osborne today,
:10:29. > :10:38.Op one admitted and that Britain's economic recovery would be harder
:10:39. > :10:47.and take longer than before. Yesterday, the Bank of England cut
:10:47. > :10:54.its growth forecast from 1.8 % to 1.5 %. The main risks to the UK
:10:54. > :10:59.economy came from abroad, including the euro-zone. Recoveries from this
:10:59. > :11:05.kind of debt driven balanced Street during the recession would always
:11:05. > :11:11.be difficult, but the whole world now realises that the huge overhang
:11:11. > :11:17.of debt means that the economy -- the recovery will take longer and
:11:17. > :11:22.be harder than anticipated. It is a dangerous time for the economy. We
:11:23. > :11:30.should be realistic about that, and we should set our expectations
:11:30. > :11:33.accordingly. George Osborne also highlighted the confidence -- the
:11:33. > :11:39.lack of confidence in eurozone countries to pay off their debts
:11:39. > :11:44.has spread. Today, the Italian finance minister called for tough
:11:44. > :11:53.austerity measures over the next two years to balance Italy's budget
:11:53. > :11:58.by 2013. Gavin Hewitt is in Naples. All day, Italians have been
:11:58. > :12:03.scanning the papers and the wires trying to find out what they will
:12:03. > :12:12.be experiencing in the future in terms of austerity measures. One
:12:12. > :12:22.idea is to raise the retirement age for women. The big question
:12:22. > :12:23.
:12:23. > :12:33.hovering over Italy is this. From in order for Italy to tackle its
:12:33. > :12:41.gigantic debt. The market is the financial corruption that Italians
:12:41. > :12:49.fear. On the streets of Naples, everything is marked down. The
:12:49. > :12:54.problem could -- the problem for the government is that the debt has
:12:54. > :13:01.reached 1.8 trillion Euros. Silvio Berlusconi is having to examine a
:13:01. > :13:11.range of austerity cuts. Take this resort just outside Naples. For
:13:11. > :13:16.many, the time spent scanning the financial pages. The manager sums
:13:16. > :13:22.up his frustration. Whatever they decide to do, they will never be
:13:22. > :13:32.fired. They can steal, they can go on sick leave for as long as they
:13:32. > :13:33.
:13:33. > :13:42.want, and it is very difficult to fire them. For 10 years, Italy's
:13:42. > :13:50.growth has been anaemic, but the debt in comparison to Germany has
:13:50. > :13:56.sharply increased. This ship -- this shipyard has gone are idle.
:13:56. > :14:03.The work has gone to Croatia. TRANSLATION: I feel humiliated. I
:14:03. > :14:08.am losing the will to live. This woman understands only too well the
:14:08. > :14:14.lack of growth. She is part of the 60 % of young people without work.
:14:14. > :14:18.TRANSLATION: I live with my mother, and she is helping me. But it is
:14:18. > :14:24.difficult because I and 25. I want to have a family, but I cannot,
:14:24. > :14:31.because I don't have a job. southern England -- in southern
:14:31. > :14:38.Italy, many of relied on the black economy. As regards future growth,
:14:38. > :14:42.it is unlikely to get above 1%. So, the big fear remains that Italy
:14:43. > :14:47.will not grow fast enough to bring down its debt. The markets fear
:14:47. > :14:52.that as well. The European Central Bank is intervening, helping to
:14:52. > :14:57.drive down Italy's borrowing costs. But that can only be a short-term
:14:57. > :15:06.measure. It is a holiday time, and the Neapolitans are at the beach.
:15:06. > :15:11.But a cultural revolution is threatened. Even if that is done,
:15:11. > :15:20.with all the likely social tension, it is still difficult to see this
:15:20. > :15:24.There is a lot of grim economic news here but it is not the whole
:15:24. > :15:29.story. I am joined by President of the high-tech district here in
:15:29. > :15:34.Naples. Tell me what you are experiencing here in terms of what
:15:34. > :15:40.Italian companies are up to at the moment. The hi-tech is certainly
:15:40. > :15:48.one of the biggest areas through the Italian economy, also the local
:15:48. > :15:52.economy. Five years ago I was there in the east of Naples, now 65
:15:52. > :16:01.industries are connecting them, working with big projects in the
:16:01. > :16:06.space sector. Invest that 45 million euros. I used seemed grows
:16:06. > :16:12.amongst these high-tech companies? Is this something, if you like, the
:16:12. > :16:22.green shoots in Italy? Sure. Sincerely, the high-tech is the
:16:22. > :16:22.
:16:22. > :16:26.first step to the attack and to create a big world to the crisis.
:16:26. > :16:32.But it is important that the industries, the company's,
:16:32. > :16:37.interconnect with each other and work with big projects, and in this
:16:37. > :16:41.context, the support of the institution is very important. The
:16:41. > :16:47.municipality, the province, the Union of enterprises. I was going
:16:47. > :16:54.to ask, what do you see as the key in order for Italy to grow again,
:16:54. > :17:00.bring down its debt? The key is the system, the networking, the
:17:00. > :17:05.corporation. To do big projects together. And to have new ideas. To
:17:05. > :17:09.believe in these big projects. And now there are 65 industries that
:17:10. > :17:15.are connecting with each other in the aerospace sector, and they have
:17:15. > :17:19.projects. In the past, Italy has had some world-beating companies.
:17:19. > :17:25.You have fantastic designers in the country. What is the mood in the
:17:25. > :17:30.business sector with all this focus upon Italy's debt? The new idea.
:17:30. > :17:35.And also the skills. The two strength are the excellent
:17:35. > :17:45.technology and the skills. In our high-tech world, there are 4,000
:17:45. > :17:50.work units, 18% degree. Thank you. Whilst all this focus has been here
:17:50. > :17:55.on Italy, there is another country which is hugely important to the
:17:55. > :17:59.eurozone crisis, and that is France. But shares, particularly in French
:17:59. > :18:06.banks, were down today. And there are lots of stories about what may
:18:06. > :18:10.be happening to French growth. I am joined by our Paris correspondent.
:18:10. > :18:15.What are we likely to here about what is happening to French
:18:15. > :18:20.economic growth? We have figures for the second quarter coming out
:18:20. > :18:23.tomorrow, which I think we'll make pessimistic reading. We no growth
:18:23. > :18:27.is slowing and this might compound the product -- problems we have
:18:27. > :18:31.seen in the markets in the last two days. The French banks have
:18:31. > :18:35.suffered. There has been lots of short selling and rumours flying
:18:35. > :18:41.around the markets about the bank's' ability to meet financial
:18:41. > :18:44.concerns. Exposure to countries like Italy and Greece. One of the
:18:44. > :18:47.fundamental problems, apart from the fact that the markets do not
:18:47. > :18:51.believe that governments are getting to grips with the sovereign
:18:51. > :18:56.debt crisis, he is that there is just not a lot of trust about. Some
:18:56. > :19:00.traders today are saying they feel it is like the run-up to the layman
:19:00. > :19:05.crisis, banks not trusting each other and not lending to each other.
:19:05. > :19:09.Some Asian banks today cutting lines of credit to French banks, or
:19:09. > :19:13.at least considering it. Things are problematic for the French market.
:19:13. > :19:19.Whereas the beggars in the past was on countries like Italy, suddenly
:19:19. > :19:23.it has returned to France. -- whereas the focus in the past.
:19:23. > :19:31.these bad rumours or is there substance behind them, that France
:19:31. > :19:36.may itself be in trouble in this debt crisis? Banks like BNP Paribas
:19:36. > :19:40.or have huge exposure to the sovereign debt crisis in Italy.
:19:40. > :19:45.They are the third biggest bank there. It is true they will be war
:19:45. > :19:49.-- watching the cause of the Government very closely. But also
:19:49. > :19:53.there'll wild rumours flying around as well and then maybe some
:19:53. > :19:57.speculation -- speculators that are benefiting from that. They have
:19:57. > :20:04.called for an inquiry by the regulator and dismissed as rubbish
:20:04. > :20:12.concerns that one bank, for example, may need a Government bail-out. But
:20:12. > :20:16.it shows it is just in the market. Thank you. -- it shows the distrust.
:20:16. > :20:22.It underlines how this eurozone crisis is spreading from the
:20:22. > :20:27.peripheral countries to the main countries in the eurozone.
:20:27. > :20:31.Some other news. Reports from Syrian opposition groups such as
:20:31. > :20:37.Government forces are back in the city of Hama just a day after towns
:20:37. > :20:41.were seen leaving their. Tanks and troop carriers were seen at Carrog
:20:41. > :20:46.-- at Saraqeeb and further south at Laksir.
:20:46. > :20:49.The gunman who entered the Estonian Ministry of Defence and took
:20:49. > :20:54.hostages has died. There are conflicting reports about whether
:20:54. > :21:01.he committed suicide or was killed by security forces. It is not known
:21:01. > :21:05.what his motives were. The people he were holding our up unharmed.
:21:05. > :21:12.China has ordered a temporary halt to the start of new high-speed rail
:21:12. > :21:17.projects following a fatal crash several weeks ago. Bullet trains
:21:17. > :21:21.will travel at reduced speeds well checks are carried out.
:21:21. > :21:24.The drugs company Pfizer has begun making payments to families in
:21:24. > :21:30.Northern Nigeria whose children died or were left disabled by
:21:30. > :21:37.medical trials 15 years ago. The first families have now received
:21:38. > :21:44.$175,000 each from a $35 million compensation fund. Let's speak to
:21:44. > :21:48.our Nigerian correspondent. Explain the background to this case. This
:21:48. > :21:53.all dates back to a meningitis outbreak in the northern part of
:21:53. > :21:58.Nigeria in 1996. An horrific outbreak, 12,000 people died.
:21:58. > :22:02.During that outbreak, Pfizer, the pharmaceuticals giant, had sent a
:22:02. > :22:06.team into the city of Kano with the aim of carrying out a trial of a
:22:06. > :22:13.new medicine they were testing called drove round. Those tests
:22:13. > :22:21.took place in a hospital, involving 200 children. -- a drug called
:22:21. > :22:25.Trovan. The children were given the established medicine and driven. In
:22:25. > :22:30.the months that followed, it emerged 11 children had died and
:22:30. > :22:33.many more had been disabled or disfigured. It is not men and
:22:33. > :22:36.bitches contested as to whether it was directly as a result of those
:22:36. > :22:42.trials but what we saw was a protracted legal process which then
:22:42. > :22:49.took place with the family's in the trials sieving of Fraser both in
:22:49. > :22:52.Nigeria and in the United States. In -- several years ago there was
:22:52. > :22:56.an out-of-court settlement involving Pfizer and the
:22:56. > :23:01.governments. No liability was accepted on the part of Pfizer but
:23:01. > :23:06.they agreed to pay $30 million to establish a hospital in Kano state
:23:06. > :23:09.and to establish this fund of $35 million which would act as
:23:09. > :23:14.compensation for those people who had been effective in the trials.
:23:14. > :23:20.That is what we have seen today take place in Kano. The first
:23:20. > :23:26.groups are being paid at $175,000 each. They are the first four of
:23:26. > :23:30.what could be up to 200 people being compensated.
:23:30. > :23:34.The latest batch of UFO files released by the National Archives
:23:35. > :23:40.in Britain contain sightings of mysterious lights over the
:23:40. > :23:43.Glastonbury rock festival, a flying saucer over a town hall and
:23:44. > :23:49.evidence from an RAF fighter controller. The Government files
:23:49. > :23:52.detail how much the authorities did or did not deal with the reports.
:23:52. > :23:58.Very few of the reports were investigated because civil servants
:23:58. > :24:04.decided it would be a waste of time and money. Let's speak to the man
:24:04. > :24:09.who used to run the British Government's UFO programme. What a
:24:09. > :24:12.title, UEFA programme and the Ministry of Defence! Is it all
:24:12. > :24:18.Chinese lanterns and trick photography? A lot of it was and
:24:18. > :24:23.that is why in 2009 the MoD axed the UFO projects because it was
:24:23. > :24:27.difficult to justify spending public money on it. How much money
:24:27. > :24:31.was being spent? Very little because most of the things you need
:24:31. > :24:35.to investigate properly, like checking radar tapes, getting the
:24:36. > :24:42.photos and videos analysed, you already have that capability.
:24:42. > :24:45.officially, the MoD always pooh- poohed UFO reports. Was that
:24:45. > :24:50.reflecting what was going on inside your department audit some people
:24:50. > :24:55.think there might be something in it? Interestingly, while the policy
:24:55. > :24:58.with the media and the public was to downplay this issue and say it
:24:59. > :25:03.is of no defence significance, these documents show that certainly
:25:03. > :25:07.when we had more interesting sightings, reports from pilots,
:25:07. > :25:13.military personnel, we did investigate, but Joe Public and the
:25:13. > :25:17.Chinese lanterns, probably not. you believe in UFOs? I think there
:25:17. > :25:21.is life out there. Or whether it is visiting, I do not know. I would
:25:21. > :25:29.like to think so. What were the most credible reports you saw?
:25:29. > :25:31.had a case from 1980 when something actually landed in a forest. The
:25:31. > :25:35.defence intelligence staff found radiation levels significantly
:25:35. > :25:42.higher than the background readings at this landing site, so something
:25:42. > :25:47.happened. So what was the plausible reason given? There is no
:25:47. > :25:52.explanation. We simply said this was one of the 5% of cases that we
:25:52. > :25:57.could not explain, and rather like an unsolved crime, until and unless
:25:57. > :26:06.some new information came in, it just sits on the file unexplained.
:26:06. > :26:11.So officially, briefly, there is life out there? Probably! Thank you.
:26:11. > :26:14.A quick reminder of our main news. The British Prime Minister at David
:26:14. > :26:18.Cameron has told parliament that riots and looting of the kind that
:26:18. > :26:23.spread across England in the past week will not be tolerated. He said
:26:23. > :26:26.there is no excuse for what he called opportunist thugs. He blamed
:26:26. > :26:30.a culture in which children were not draw right from wrong, rather
:26:30. > :26:34.than poverty. The Italian finance minister has
:26:34. > :26:41.told parliament that Government costs will be cut, state companies