:00:17. > :00:21.This is World News Today. Pressure on the Indian government
:00:21. > :00:25.as the wave of public anger over the arrest of anti-corruption
:00:25. > :00:32.campaigner Anna Hazare intense surprise. The Prime Minister
:00:32. > :00:41.accuses them of trying to sidestep democracy. It is totally
:00:41. > :00:47.misconceived. It is fraught with grave consequences for our country.
:00:47. > :00:50.Libya's rebels fight to cut supply lines to Tripoli. Is the six-month
:00:50. > :00:57.war there finally nearing the end game?
:00:57. > :01:07.United nation withdraws all non- essential staff from Syria.
:01:07. > :01:15.
:01:15. > :01:19.Going underground in Paris. Walking Will come. The challenge to the
:01:19. > :01:25.Indian government intensified today as thousands of supporters of Anna
:01:25. > :01:30.Hazare gathered across the country to protest at his arrest. The 74-
:01:30. > :01:35.year-old spell -- spent the night inside Tihar jail. He has refused
:01:35. > :01:41.to leave until he is allowed to hold a public hunger strike.
:01:41. > :01:44.Protesters shouted slogans and waved flags as they marched. Inside,
:01:45. > :01:53.the Prime Minister Manmohan Singh said the hunger strike was totally
:01:53. > :02:01.misconceived. All day long the crowds have been
:02:01. > :02:06.building up at Tihar jail. Inside it is at Anna Hazare. The 74-year-
:02:06. > :02:10.old anti-corruption campaigner says he is leading India's second
:02:10. > :02:14.independence struggle. He is a free man, but he has refused to leave
:02:14. > :02:20.until the Government agrees to allow him to go ahead with a public
:02:20. > :02:24.hunger strike to force it to adopt a new anti-corruption that lot.
:02:24. > :02:31.Negotiations have been taking place, but in Parliament the Prime
:02:31. > :02:40.Minister has attacked the veteran campaigner. The pass that he has
:02:40. > :02:48.chosen, is totally misconceived and fraught with grave consequences for
:02:48. > :02:54.our parliamentary democracy. Our Government does not see any -- seek
:02:54. > :02:58.any confrontation with any section of society. But when some sections
:02:58. > :03:03.of society deliberately challenged authority of the government and
:03:03. > :03:09.parliament, it is the duty of the Government to maintain peace and
:03:09. > :03:16.tranquillity. Meanwhile a crowd of thousands has been building up at
:03:16. > :03:20.India Gate in the city centre. If the idea of arresting Anna Hazare
:03:20. > :03:25.was to stop any demonstrations from going ahead, well, the Government
:03:25. > :03:31.has clearly failed. Over the last 24 hours we have seen protests
:03:31. > :03:36.across India, and here in Delhi they are getting bigger and bigger.
:03:36. > :03:40.The Government is losing the voters and respect.
:03:40. > :03:48.How does an emerging economy like India deal with corruption? Cannot
:03:48. > :03:53.learn lessons from other countries in similar situations? Let's speak
:03:53. > :04:03.to Dr Ruth Kattumuri and also in the studio a representative of 48
:04:03. > :04:03.
:04:03. > :04:09.Group Club. Led's start with how endemic corruption and bribery is
:04:09. > :04:14.in India. You have lived in Britain for a long time, but explain your
:04:14. > :04:22.experiences in India. The problem of corruption in India is like
:04:22. > :04:29.cancer. It is so endemic that it exists in the all levels. How did
:04:29. > :04:35.it affect you growing up? I was interested in joining medical
:04:35. > :04:39.school, I had the marks and I did my part. But I could not get into
:04:39. > :04:44.medical school because all the way performed and got everything that
:04:44. > :04:53.was required, and had to pay bribes to get at Bisham to medical school.
:04:53. > :04:58.I chose not to do that -- I had to pay bribes to get to medical school.
:04:58. > :05:04.Stephen, looking at what is happening in India and Africa, how
:05:04. > :05:10.does an emerging economy like India resolve this issue? I do not think
:05:10. > :05:16.there is a resolution. As economies develop, the industrial revolution
:05:16. > :05:20.in Britain, Hong Kong in the late that 1960s, these are developing
:05:20. > :05:24.economies were there is a lot of money around. People see corrupt
:05:24. > :05:28.ways of trying to make that money and then the Government has to
:05:28. > :05:34.react to that and bring in mechanisms to do with that
:05:34. > :05:38.corruptions. That is a process which takes time. It takes
:05:38. > :05:44.determination to deal with it and the implementation takes time for.
:05:44. > :05:50.What part does big business play? In terms of multinationals. For his
:05:50. > :05:55.new legislation coming through now us. Any business that engages in
:05:55. > :06:02.corrupt practices in the emerging economies is asking for trouble. It
:06:02. > :06:04.is not a route to successful, sustainable business. In some
:06:04. > :06:10.countries you either purchase appeared for you are excluded. In
:06:10. > :06:14.countries like India, China, Brazil, you can make a choice. Most
:06:14. > :06:19.businesses would make a choice not to involve themselves in corruption.
:06:19. > :06:27.20 years ago it would not have been so sure, but with Acts passed in
:06:27. > :06:31.America and Europe it is easier for business to make a decision.
:06:31. > :06:36.there an element of truth and what the chief economic adviser in India
:06:36. > :06:42.said, why don't we just legalise this? It would shame, especially
:06:42. > :06:47.the political class for them a lot of anger is reserved to wards.
:06:47. > :06:52.is true, because people who give it bribes are as guilty as people who
:06:52. > :06:56.take bribes. It is important for the international business
:06:56. > :07:00.community to point it out and make a bigger seen of it about them fact
:07:00. > :07:05.it is happening. That would reduce some of the endemic problem and
:07:05. > :07:09.help to reform the system. It is important that the international
:07:09. > :07:14.community, particularly the business community stands up.
:07:15. > :07:18.it comes to your business experience, it must be very
:07:18. > :07:24.difficult for a businessman trying to open up some market there,
:07:24. > :07:32.seeing other companies pay and get through it and you do not. Have you
:07:32. > :07:38.ever had to pay a bribe? I have not, and I would not. What is it bad? If
:07:38. > :07:42.you take someone out to dinner, that is all right. We all know the
:07:42. > :07:46.big stuff that has happened in the Middle East. What business is faced
:07:46. > :07:51.with, people come to them and say the way you'll get this business is
:07:51. > :07:54.by paying of certain people. I had a situation a few years ago were a
:07:54. > :08:00.pharmaceutical company was told they had to pay bribes to doctors
:08:00. > :08:04.in Chinese hospitals for a drug to be prescribed. They did not believe
:08:04. > :08:08.it was true. I thought the middle people were taking the money. Not
:08:08. > :08:13.withstanding that, there is real corruption and businessmen have to
:08:13. > :08:17.be strong. You're not dealing with just a simple decision about
:08:17. > :08:20.sustainability. Listen to with the's story, it is almost
:08:20. > :08:27.heartbreaking to hear what you had to go through to get to medical
:08:27. > :08:33.school. For you it has ended well, you were a professor and a teacher.
:08:33. > :08:38.Things have worked out well for you, but does this affect the whole of
:08:38. > :08:43.Indian society? Does it go right down to village level? It extends
:08:43. > :08:50.to all sections, all classes of society. They person in a village
:08:50. > :08:58.would have to pay bribes to the village head, perhaps. They might
:08:58. > :09:02.have to pay to get employment, even to get food, on a food programme.
:09:02. > :09:10.It is also ridden with corruption with officials. It exists across
:09:10. > :09:16.all levels. Do you have any grounds for optimism? Looking at the
:09:16. > :09:20.younger generation in India, it is there a sense that with fewer
:09:20. > :09:25.people leaving India to work and study abroad that people will try
:09:25. > :09:29.to sort out society there and change things from within? I think
:09:29. > :09:32.that is what you were seeing now. You cannot go forward without
:09:32. > :09:41.pulling the forces of the young people who want things to be on a
:09:41. > :09:48.level playing field. I am delighted that Dr Ruth Kattumuri is there and
:09:48. > :09:51.that her country is beginning to deal with these issues. Do you have
:09:51. > :09:58.grounds for optimism? And what to think of how the Government is
:09:58. > :10:03.handling this? Because it is such a difficult thing to handle, and
:10:03. > :10:09.because it is so endemic, it is difficult. I think it is important,
:10:09. > :10:13.one of the positive things India has is its democracy. The process
:10:13. > :10:19.should follow democratic rules. It is great that young people are
:10:19. > :10:22.becoming aware and actively speaking out against corruption.
:10:22. > :10:27.Those are all very important and this has happened because of
:10:27. > :10:32.awareness, partly because of global connection and partly because the
:10:32. > :10:36.younger generation has not caught up with the older systems.
:10:36. > :10:41.Everybody should work together, the Government, the judiciary,
:10:41. > :10:51.different political parties, they should work together. It will be a
:10:51. > :10:52.
:10:52. > :10:57.very long process, but it has to be done in a democratic way. Let's
:10:57. > :11:01.have a look at other news. Nine people have been killed by
:11:01. > :11:07.roadside bombs in Turkey. Authorities believe the Kurdish
:11:07. > :11:14.guerrilla group PKK was behind the attacks.
:11:14. > :11:19.Muslim countries have a Emergency summer and pledged $350 million for
:11:19. > :11:24.aid to Somalia. More than 12 million people are in need of aid
:11:24. > :11:29.because of drought. War crimes prosecutors say they
:11:29. > :11:35.want a two separate trials against Ratko Mladic. Prosecutors in The
:11:35. > :11:40.Hague say he should be tried for the killing of thousands of Muslims
:11:40. > :11:44.in Srebrenica at and then for other war crimes in the 1990s.
:11:44. > :11:52.The UN-backed tribunal has indicted four suspects in connection with
:11:52. > :11:56.the assassination of Rafiq Hariri in 2005. Four men are members of
:11:56. > :11:59.Hezbollah who deny involvement. The British Prime Minister has
:11:59. > :12:04.praised the courts for handing out tough sentences to some of those
:12:04. > :12:11.involved in last week's writes. On Tuesday, two men were jailed for
:12:11. > :12:14.four years for using Facebook to try to incite violence. Another was
:12:14. > :12:18.given 18 months in prison for having a stolen television in his
:12:18. > :12:22.car. Concerns have been raised about the severity of some of these
:12:22. > :12:25.sentences. This teenager tried to start a riot
:12:25. > :12:29.but he walked free from court having been given a night-time
:12:29. > :12:34.curfew. However yesterday these two men
:12:34. > :12:39.were jailed for four years for the same crime, using a Facebook
:12:39. > :12:42.website to incite violence. One was a youth court and there were
:12:42. > :12:49.different circumstances, but the longer jail terms have proved
:12:49. > :12:54.controversial. Online, Jordan threatened to smash down this town.
:12:54. > :13:01.But friends said the trouble did not happen. He was having a laugh
:13:01. > :13:07.on Facebook. It was only a little grip on Facebook. People who have
:13:07. > :13:13.done that the riots have not had that kind of sentence. According to
:13:13. > :13:17.sentencing guideline inciting violent disorder carries a maximum
:13:17. > :13:21.sentence of five years. If a guideline prevents the correct
:13:21. > :13:26.sentence from being given in an exceptional case, the judge can
:13:26. > :13:35.sentence outside of that guidelines. Some solicitors claimed that the
:13:35. > :13:39.usual rate is not -- way it is not being given to mitigating factors.
:13:39. > :13:43.Judges here have made clear that there will be longer sentences
:13:43. > :13:47.because of the aggravating factor that the offences were committed
:13:47. > :13:51.during widespread disturbances. What happened on our streets was
:13:51. > :13:56.appalling behaviour and we are sending a clear message it will not
:13:56. > :14:00.be tolerated. But those who have already been sentenced could return
:14:00. > :14:04.to court. Some are planning to appeal that jail terms they have
:14:05. > :14:09.been given. I would expect the Court of Appeal to be asked very
:14:09. > :14:15.soon to provide a guideline case are cases so that judges can
:14:15. > :14:20.provide consistent, if severe sentences. Perry went to prison
:14:20. > :14:26.after calling on line for a riot. It did cause some of the town shops
:14:26. > :14:31.to close early. You have to send out a message. You cannot go around
:14:31. > :14:35.starting rumours affecting people's lives and businesses. With many
:14:35. > :14:41.still to be sentenced, there are families worried including this
:14:41. > :14:45.mother whose 14-year-old boy has been remanded in custody. Those
:14:45. > :14:51.people, people have instigated the whole thing, people like that, yes
:14:51. > :14:56.treated more harsh. But not people you got caught up in it at all. It
:14:56. > :15:01.was a moment of madness. In the city's damaged by riots, there are
:15:01. > :15:04.many families shopped at the swift, harsh justice that the Government
:15:04. > :15:10.promised. They have questioned whether there should be any
:15:10. > :15:14.pressure from the politicians. Six months on from the first
:15:14. > :15:21.protests against Colonel Gadaffi, rebels and government troops remain
:15:21. > :15:29.locked in conflict. Forces loyal are battling for a control of
:15:29. > :15:31.Zawiya. Gunfire has been reported. Zawiya is strategically important
:15:31. > :15:41.to Colonel Gadaffi because it sits on a major highway which has a
:15:41. > :15:44.
:15:44. > :15:49.Each night in Tripoli's main square, royalists gather. The rebels have
:15:49. > :15:54.advanced to within 30 miles of here, but there is no sign of support.
:15:54. > :15:59.Are you worried about these reports that the rebel fighters are closing
:15:59. > :16:03.in on Tripoli? TRANSLATION: We are not worried. We know what is going
:16:03. > :16:09.on. We talk to our brothers on the front line. If the battle Consett,
:16:09. > :16:12.we will fight. That is exactly what state television has been calling
:16:12. > :16:22.for. It wants Gaddafi's supporters to take up weapons and defend the
:16:22. > :16:23.
:16:23. > :16:27.city. So, in this cafe, an espresso and a shrug. TRANSLATION: I am not
:16:27. > :16:32.concerned. It is all fine and morale is high.
:16:32. > :16:35.He it is now six months since the first protest against Colonel
:16:35. > :16:40.Gaddafi and he is looking more vulnerable than ever. The rebels
:16:40. > :16:45.insist they can win the war by the end of August and the it here, the
:16:45. > :16:49.government remains spread fast and says dribbly will not fall. It
:16:49. > :16:55.could be weeks, even months, of stalemate ahead.
:16:55. > :17:00.The key battle is for Zawiyah or, at street by street. Capture the
:17:00. > :17:05.town and the rebels will cut off Tripoli. Gaddafi forces are hitting
:17:05. > :17:11.back hard. To the east as well, the rebels are taking casualties as
:17:11. > :17:16.they fight for oil. The towns suffered weeks of fighting back and
:17:16. > :17:20.forth. Britain and the rest of NATO is hoping Gaddafi will fork soon,
:17:20. > :17:27.but already some here are warning of the dangerous power vacuum if
:17:27. > :17:31.that does happen. The United Nations has withdrawn
:17:31. > :17:37.all non-essential staff from Syria as President Bashar al-Assad pushes
:17:37. > :17:42.on with repression for protests. Government forces have carried out
:17:42. > :17:46.operations in a port city for a 5th day. Residents say it security
:17:46. > :17:51.forces are on that have killed at least 34 people and detained dozens
:17:51. > :17:55.more since the crackdowns started. Human rights groups claim almost
:17:55. > :18:00.2000 civilians have been killed in serious since mid-March it.
:18:00. > :18:04.Let's go to our London studio and speak to Dr Haitham Al-Maleh, head
:18:04. > :18:09.of the Syrian National Salvation Congress. He was released from the
:18:09. > :18:15.Syrian jail earlier this year. If I can start with the repression that
:18:15. > :18:19.is being reported today, 34 people killed in recent hours, do you get
:18:19. > :18:26.any sense that President Bashar al- Assad is losing his grip at all in
:18:26. > :18:33.your country? He lost, he is not losing, because he lost everything
:18:33. > :18:42.not from now, from the time when he started to attack his people, make
:18:42. > :18:48.war against society, people are against the civilian people. People
:18:48. > :18:56.on the street have no weapons or guns. They were moving on the
:18:56. > :19:05.street a piece belly and a very kindly. -- piece belly. President
:19:05. > :19:11.Bashar al-Assad and his group started killing the people,
:19:11. > :19:20.arresting people, so this is the situation. We have lost 3,000
:19:20. > :19:26.people here, not 2000, and 3,000 have disappeared. 25,000 arrested.
:19:26. > :19:32.They put them in at schools because there is no at schools now, they
:19:33. > :19:35.are closed. You have been imprisoned by the regime, explain
:19:36. > :19:42.what conditions are like in that Syrian jails, what were your
:19:42. > :19:50.conditions like when you were held? The conditions it net cereal bar
:19:50. > :20:00.two pines: At the normal jails where I was in aggro and the other
:20:00. > :20:02.
:20:02. > :20:07.jails. Each branch has its own control. No one can go through
:20:07. > :20:17.these jails and make any research. The daughter is continued from
:20:17. > :20:18.
:20:18. > :20:25.morning until night. -- beat torture. The jail where I was is a
:20:25. > :20:32.normal jail and it contains only be criminals. There were only 30
:20:32. > :20:41.people in there, political prisoners, but each one was in a
:20:42. > :20:51.room containing normal prisoners. was sleeping on the ground.
:20:52. > :20:51.
:20:52. > :20:55.three months, I had a bed. haven't got a lot of time, but in
:20:55. > :21:02.terms of work President Bashar al- Assad to leave, what are your fears
:21:02. > :21:06.about the future of Syria? When his father came to power, it was to
:21:06. > :21:11.deal with the religious sectarian and tribal problems that Syria had
:21:11. > :21:20.at the time. What would you predict for Syria have come before, where
:21:20. > :21:26.the regime to for? In my opinion, Serie up will be better without the
:21:26. > :21:31.President's family, not just him. All of them at must go out. His
:21:31. > :21:41.background is the same background as his father. His father killed
:21:41. > :21:42.
:21:42. > :21:52.more than 60,000 people in that serial through massacres. In jail,
:21:52. > :21:55.
:21:55. > :22:01.they killed 15,000 prisoners. Another man killed 900 prisoners
:22:01. > :22:07.across Europe by shooting. But how chaotic with the transition to any
:22:07. > :22:15.democratic process be in Syria given its history and all the
:22:15. > :22:20.problems that Syria has had? opposition collect so themselves
:22:20. > :22:30.and we will be one side for the future. We have our paper. It is
:22:30. > :22:35.
:22:35. > :22:40.nearly ready. For the future of Syria, the democracy regime, voting
:22:40. > :22:50.through boxes and to protect the people from all sides, protect
:22:50. > :22:54.human rights, this is what we need for the future. It will not happen
:22:54. > :23:00.until President -- President Bashar al-Assad leaves Syria. Thank you
:23:00. > :23:04.for speaking to us. Underneath streets of most cities
:23:04. > :23:09.is a complicated web of tunnels, cables and pipes carrying
:23:09. > :23:12.everything from water to trains. Under the feet the people in Paris,
:23:12. > :23:16.exists one of the most complicated system of tunnels. They are still
:23:16. > :23:21.being checked to make sure that they do not collapse. Our Paris
:23:21. > :23:25.Correspondent has been investigating.
:23:25. > :23:30.From an underground car-park down steep hidden steps, we are
:23:30. > :23:35.descending into the bowels of Paris. This is one of the densest
:23:35. > :23:41.underground networks in the world, with 180 miles of intricate tunnels.
:23:41. > :23:51.We are exploring a city beneath a city. You can see some light coming
:23:51. > :23:52.
:23:52. > :23:55.from here. The tunnels were mined for the limestone from which Paris
:23:55. > :23:59.is built. But imagine the horrendous
:23:59. > :24:04.conditions in which those who dark this labyrinth of corridors must
:24:04. > :24:07.have worked. Operating down here from morning until night in the
:24:07. > :24:11.thick dust and high humidity. In those days, they could not afford
:24:11. > :24:16.to retire. They came down here at a young age and they worked until
:24:16. > :24:23.they dropped. Very often, they worked in the dark.
:24:23. > :24:26.No one realised how poor the foundations had become. Not until
:24:27. > :24:31.1774 when suddenly one of these chambers collapsed, swallowing and
:24:32. > :24:36.entail a neighbour heard above it. In response, King Louie the 16th
:24:36. > :24:40.commissioned an architect to reinforce the tunnels. Every
:24:40. > :24:47.chamber was mapped and a name given to the Correspondent st above it.
:24:47. > :24:57.Down here, you have a mayor energy of a renaissance Paris. -- a mirror
:24:57. > :25:00.
:25:00. > :25:06.image. This street is a bollard. -- Bull of art. You can see there is a
:25:06. > :25:12.crack here. Each part is checked. If they saw a beginning of a
:25:12. > :25:16.falling roof, they do something. Since 1955, the quarries have been
:25:16. > :25:20.closed to the public, but there is one section that remains open: The
:25:20. > :25:30.Catacombs. At the time the architect was strengthening the
:25:30. > :25:34.tunnels, Lily was closing the overcrowded cemeteries. All of the
:25:34. > :25:38.bodies were reinterred in the empire of the dead. It is a very
:25:38. > :25:46.different end of term excursion. What do you think of this? It is
:25:46. > :25:52.scary. Victor Hugo once described the tunnels as the city's luxury
:25:52. > :25:56.and magnificence. The imminence -- the millions who visit the city
:25:56. > :26:02.every year beg to differ, but they know little of her dark,
:26:02. > :26:06.subterranean secrets. Reminder of the main news:
:26:06. > :26:09.Thousands of people have rallied across India in support of the
:26:10. > :26:12.anti-corruption campaign at Anna Hazare. In Delhi, protesters
:26:12. > :26:17.marched on parliament, others maintained a vigil outside the
:26:17. > :26:26.prison where he was taken on Tuesday. He will not agree to
:26:26. > :26:30.conditions set for his release until he is allowed to strike.
:26:30. > :26:33.A senior barrister has joined expressions of surprise in Britain
:26:33. > :26:38.and the length of jail sentences and it is some people involved in
:26:38. > :26:41.last week's writing. Lord Carlile said there was an issue of
:26:41. > :26:45.proportionality. Campaigners say many people have been jailed for
:26:45. > :26:49.offences which normally they would only be cautioned for.
:26:49. > :26:59.That is all from us for now. The weather is coming up now. From us
:26:59. > :27:03.
:27:03. > :27:08.Most areas ending the day on a final note, but tomorrow, there is
:27:08. > :27:10.a spell of heavier rain to come, particularly across parts of
:27:10. > :27:16.central and southern England. It is courtesy of a weather front that
:27:17. > :27:20.has been there today in the south. This front is with us tomorrow, but
:27:20. > :27:23.around it there will be heavier rain, particularly affecting parts
:27:23. > :27:33.of south-west England, into the Midlands and across do easting
:27:33. > :27:33.
:27:33. > :27:39.layer. -- East Anglia. The darker blues indicate the intensity of the
:27:39. > :27:43.rainfall, difficult for drivers in standing water. But the FA
:27:43. > :27:47.southeast should be warm. The south-west, a bit of rain in places
:27:47. > :27:50.to begin, improving in the afternoon. For Cornwall and Devon,
:27:51. > :27:56.which saw rain today, it will be brightening up throughout the
:27:56. > :28:01.afternoon. In Wales, we will avoid the most of this. For Northern
:28:02. > :28:06.Ireland, a scattering of showers, some on the heavy side, light winds
:28:06. > :28:14.and 17 degrees. More showers in Scotland compared with today's
:28:14. > :28:17.heavier ones. Into the evening, some of them will be heavier. The