:00:14. > :00:20.This is BBC World News Today. Appearing in public for the first
:00:20. > :00:24.time in one-and-a-half years, the American soldier, Bradley Manning
:00:24. > :00:31.and alleged WikiLeaks source, attends a military hearing.
:00:31. > :00:34.Child sex abuse was rife in the Dutch Catholic Church, that's from
:00:34. > :00:39.an inquiry. From the man who launched the Arab
:00:39. > :00:42.Spring, to the protests which defined it. We look back on the
:00:42. > :00:46.year. From basket case to vibrant economy.
:00:47. > :00:53.On the 40th anniversary of its independence, we look at the making
:00:53. > :01:00.and the future of modern Bangladesh. It's a highly integrated economy.
:01:00. > :01:06.It's an integrated economy of 160 million people. That is a strength.
:01:06. > :01:16.And the British journalist and author Christopher Hitchins dies,
:01:16. > :01:21.
:01:21. > :01:25.Hello and welcome. The US army private accused of supplying
:01:25. > :01:29.hundreds of thousands of secret documents to the whistle blowing
:01:29. > :01:33.website WikiLeaks is appearing for the first time before a military
:01:33. > :01:36.court. Bradley Manning was an intelligence analyst in Iraq when
:01:36. > :01:45.he allegedly accessed military files F convicted, he could be
:01:45. > :01:50.sentenced to life in prison. A traitor deserving life
:01:50. > :01:55.imprisonment for a reckless act of disloyalty or a vulnerable young
:01:55. > :01:59.man performing a public service. Bradley Manning is charged with
:01:59. > :02:03.knowingly giving intelligence to the enemy, through what the charge
:02:03. > :02:10.sheet describes as "indirect means" in other words to Julian Assange
:02:10. > :02:15.and WikiLeaks. As an intelligence analyst, he
:02:15. > :02:18.stumbled across this video showing an American helicopter attack which
:02:18. > :02:24.killed civilians and journalists. It became the first of his many
:02:24. > :02:28.leaks and caused a sensation. This was the largest leak of classified
:02:28. > :02:33.information in American history. A quarter of a million diplomatic
:02:33. > :02:37.cables from American embassies over the world, and half a million
:02:37. > :02:40.military records from Iraq and Afghanistan. The scope was breath
:02:40. > :02:44.taking. Military tactics were revealed. Afghan informants were
:02:44. > :02:48.named. Senior American diplomats were compromised. This, for many of
:02:48. > :02:52.us, was the first glimpse of Bradley Manning since his arrest a
:02:52. > :02:56.year-and-a-half ago. He sat in the courtroom, in uniform, his hands
:02:56. > :03:00.collapsed in front of him. He said only that he understood his rights
:03:00. > :03:03.and he identified the lawyers representing him. But who is the
:03:03. > :03:08.man at the heart of this extraordinary story? Bradley
:03:08. > :03:13.Manning was born in the Christian conservative heart land. He
:03:13. > :03:21.rejected religion as a child. He joined the army but fell out with
:03:21. > :03:25.colleagues and received counselling. Outside the military base here,
:03:25. > :03:28.some of his supporters are holding a vigil throughout the hearing.
:03:28. > :03:35.should be given the Medal ofpsHonour. He should be released.
:03:35. > :03:39.We should continue to bring about a transformation of our government
:03:39. > :03:43.where secrecy is not overused. to the organisation he served and
:03:43. > :03:50.many other Americans, Bradley Manning seems distinctly less
:03:50. > :03:57.heroic. He faces a probable life sentence if convicted. His defence
:03:57. > :04:00.has questioned the impartiality of the court and asked what damage was
:04:00. > :04:07.really done by the leaks. The hearing is likely to last several
:04:07. > :04:12.days. The former US Assistant Secretary
:04:12. > :04:18.of State for public affairs PJCrowley has been talking to the
:04:18. > :04:22.BBC about the case. He resigned in March this year after publicly
:04:22. > :04:26.criticised the Pentagon for allegedly mistreating Manning while
:04:26. > :04:31.in detention. He says he does deserve to be on trial. The case is
:04:31. > :04:39.now proceeding. I like the prosecuter's chances. I think when
:04:39. > :04:44.you put it all together, from various reports, Bradley Manning
:04:44. > :04:50.was involved in chat rooms. He's provided a lot of information to
:04:50. > :04:54.the community of computer geeks that he was linked to. Obviously,
:04:54. > :04:58.the government has a chance to go back through computer networks.
:04:58. > :05:04.There are forensics to help with this case. I expect after this
:05:04. > :05:11.article two -- article 32 hearing, there will be enough evidence to
:05:11. > :05:16.proceed to trial. I think it's a necessary prosecution in order to
:05:16. > :05:24.remind people within government that there, this information needs
:05:24. > :05:27.to be protected. When it's compromised, there are consequences.
:05:27. > :05:33.And understand WikiLeaks is different than leaks that we've had
:05:33. > :05:37.in the past. We've had leaks before. One individual, a handful of
:05:38. > :05:43.documents, one country. It causes a problem, but you work through it
:05:43. > :05:47.over time. WikiLeaks was about 750,000 documents, many of them
:05:47. > :05:55.classified. It touched on every relationship that the United States
:05:55. > :06:00.had with every government around the world. And so its impact has
:06:00. > :06:05.been much more profound than at any time in the past. I think this is a
:06:05. > :06:11.vital prosecution. I'm a believer in this prosecution. The necessity
:06:11. > :06:15.to protect information, even while, as a government, being accountable
:06:15. > :06:19.and as transparent as possible. I thought that the treatment of
:06:19. > :06:23.Bradley Manning was undercutting the legitimacy of this prosecution,
:06:23. > :06:27.the credibility of this case. Thankfully, for a variety of
:06:28. > :06:31.reasons, today's hearing, I believe will be about what Bradley Manning
:06:31. > :06:37.is alleged to have done and not about how the government has
:06:37. > :06:45.treated him while in detention. This afternoon it's emerged that
:06:45. > :06:49.Julian Assange will have an appeal against his extradition to Sweden.
:06:49. > :06:54.Mr Assange is wanted for questioning over allegations of
:06:54. > :06:59.sexual assault. Charges he denies. The High Court had approved his
:06:59. > :07:02.extradition in a previous reading. The Catholic Church has been any
:07:02. > :07:07.intense scrutiny over child abuse allegations for several years. This
:07:07. > :07:10.time it's focused on Holland. An independent inquiry estimates
:07:10. > :07:14.between 10,000 and 20,000 children have been abused in the country
:07:14. > :07:18.since the Second World War. It says church officials were aware of the
:07:18. > :07:23.abuse and failed to do anything about it. The Archbishop of Utrecht
:07:23. > :07:28.apologised and said he was ashamed of the findings.
:07:28. > :07:31.The claims quickly escalated to reveal a network of abuse aacross -
:07:31. > :07:35.- across the country. During this independent investigation they
:07:35. > :07:39.found one in five children were abused while in the care of
:07:39. > :07:43.Catholic institutions. Not only that, but Catholic officials knew
:07:43. > :07:48.the abuse was happening, but did nothing to help the victims or stop
:07:48. > :07:56.the people who were abused them. The commission estimates between
:07:56. > :08:00.10,000 and 20,000 children were abused between 1945 and 2010. They
:08:00. > :08:05.ID vied 800 priests, brothers and lay people working for the church,
:08:05. > :08:09.named in the complaints. Of those 105 are stale live. Though it's not
:08:09. > :08:15.known if they still have church positions. Earlier, the Catholic
:08:15. > :08:22.Church took some responsibility for what happened. I feel ashamed and I
:08:22. > :08:28.feel deeply touched and affected by what I have read in the report, it
:08:28. > :08:33.is terrible. Yeah. The group representing the victims has called
:08:33. > :08:41.for justice for all those affected. What really is important today is
:08:41. > :08:46.what the next steps will be after the bishop's. They have post poned
:08:46. > :08:51.their actions one-and-a-half year and from now there's no excuse to
:08:51. > :08:57.postpone any steps towards the victim. Some payments have been
:08:57. > :09:02.issued. Last month, the church set up a special compensation system to
:09:02. > :09:06.award amounts of up to 130,000 dollars to the victims, depending
:09:06. > :09:10.on the amount of abuse they have suffered. Now begins the painful
:09:10. > :09:16.process of rebuilding the Catholic Church in the Netherlands and
:09:16. > :09:22.beyond. As part of a separate investigation,
:09:22. > :09:29.police have arrested more than 100 people across Europe for sharing
:09:29. > :09:33.videos of the sexual abuse of children. The the European police
:09:33. > :09:37.agency said the operation had shown how the internet was helping
:09:37. > :09:42.offenders share images globally while protecting their identities.
:09:42. > :09:45.In other news, ten people have been killed, several injured, in western
:09:45. > :09:50.Kazakhstan. The clashes were between striking oil workers and
:09:50. > :09:54.the police. The workers have been protesting for higher wages. The
:09:54. > :09:56.country's prosecuter said the fighter was the result of mass
:09:56. > :09:59.disorder. Japan's Fukushima nuclear power
:09:59. > :10:03.plant has been stabilised, according to the Japanese
:10:03. > :10:07.government. Three reactors went into meltdown following the tsunami
:10:07. > :10:13.nine months ago. Now the Prime Minister says the plant has reached
:10:13. > :10:18.what, he called, cold shutdown. The party of President Ouattara has
:10:18. > :10:23.won the most seats in the Ivory Coast Parliamentary elections,
:10:23. > :10:27.that's the first poll since Laurent Gbagbo's arrest. Mr Gbagbo refused
:10:27. > :10:32.to accept defeat in last year's presidential election, sparking
:10:32. > :10:40.five months of violent -- violence. A year ago this weekend, a 26-year-
:10:40. > :10:44.old Tunisian set himself on fire. It was an extreme act by a young
:10:44. > :10:50.man, who had reached the end of his tether after being banned from
:10:50. > :10:57.selling fruit to make a living. It set off the remarkable events that
:10:57. > :11:02.became known as the Arab Spring. It's been a year like no other in
:11:02. > :11:08.the Middle East. Some rulers have gone, others survived, other
:11:08. > :11:12.countries are in turmoil. It started in Tunisia. A year ago,
:11:12. > :11:17.police stopped a young vendor from selling his fruit on the street. In
:11:17. > :11:21.protest he set himself on fire, frustrated and furious at a corrupt,
:11:21. > :11:26.all-powerful regime. Weeks later, he died. It touched a national
:11:26. > :11:32.nerve. People came out and dared to denounce their government, defying
:11:32. > :11:36.the riot police sent to confront them. Abruptly the President lost
:11:36. > :11:44.control and fled, his regime suddenly over. The touch paper of
:11:44. > :11:49.revolution had been lit. When it spret to Cairo people asked - could
:11:49. > :11:54.Egypt be next? The ballooning population shared the frustrations,
:11:54. > :12:00.power concentrated in the hands of an unelected elite, a brutal
:12:00. > :12:04.security apparatus. We are tired. They shot. President Mubarak, in
:12:04. > :12:08.power for over 28 years, had a huge security network. Word of the
:12:08. > :12:15.protests spread on Facebook and Twitter. The army refused to open
:12:15. > :12:19.fire. Mubarak fled with his family. In Libya, revolt began in the east,
:12:19. > :12:23.a region rebellious against Colonel Gaddafi's rule. He called the
:12:23. > :12:27.rebels rats and cockroaches and vowed to crush them. Vain and
:12:27. > :12:30.dictatorial, he and his family lived in a world divorced from
:12:30. > :12:35.reality. For months the Civil War looked like a stalemate, until
:12:35. > :12:40.Western air power and help from Arab states drove Gaddafi's troops
:12:40. > :12:46.back. His end came here, dragged out of a drainage pipe and shot by
:12:46. > :12:52.his own people. In Yemen, popular protest against the 33-year ruler,
:12:52. > :12:56.President Saleh has been complicated by tribal. The
:12:56. > :13:00.President has remained -- decided to step down.
:13:00. > :13:04.Bahrain has seen the most serious violence in the Gulf, around 40
:13:04. > :13:09.killed, thousands injured, as Shi'ites demand for rights from the
:13:09. > :13:13.Sunni monarchy. There's so much tension in these Shi'ite villages
:13:13. > :13:18.when processions like this meet the security forces, often it ends in
:13:18. > :13:24.tear gas, more wounds and more animosity. Syria has suffered
:13:24. > :13:27.terribly this year, over 5,000 killed, countless others tortured
:13:27. > :13:31.as the country lurches towards Civil War, its President appears to
:13:31. > :13:35.be in denial. Nofrpblgts government in the world kill its people unless,
:13:35. > :13:39.it's led by crazy person. For me as President, I became President
:13:39. > :13:45.because of the public support. The movement many called the Arab
:13:45. > :13:50.awakening, has yet to run its course. What started a year ago
:13:50. > :13:55.with a Tunisian fruit seller is now unstoppable. The Arab world has had
:13:55. > :13:59.enough of dictatorship. In Egypt today, there have been
:13:59. > :14:03.more clashs in Cairo between troops and protesters. Demonstrators had
:14:03. > :14:08.been staging a sits-in outside the Parliament building, when security
:14:08. > :14:16.forces moved in to remove them. The latest protests began three weeks
:14:17. > :14:20.ago. 40 years ago today, after a two-week war with India, Pakistan
:14:20. > :14:25.suffered a humiliating defeat, out of what had been east Pakistan, the
:14:25. > :14:29.new country of Bangladesh was born. Many believed it had little chance
:14:30. > :14:34.of surviving, despite natural disasters, military dictatorship
:14:34. > :14:44.and an economy dependent on aid for many years, Bangladesh has not only
:14:44. > :14:45.
:14:45. > :14:50.survived, it's experienced strong Meet this young mother of two. She
:14:50. > :14:55.is one of millions of women working in Bangladesh's thriving garment
:14:55. > :15:01.industry. Today, Bangladesh is the world's third-biggest export of
:15:01. > :15:05.Ready to wear clothes, earning billions of dollars in revenue.
:15:05. > :15:09.life has changed completely after a got a job here. We lived in our
:15:09. > :15:13.village and we have no money and we struggled to make ends meet. With
:15:13. > :15:22.my savings, I bought a rickshaw for my husband and now he earns some
:15:22. > :15:26.money. We are still poor, but we are no longer starving.
:15:26. > :15:32.Bangladesh's first President makes a fiery speech at the start of the
:15:32. > :15:35.independence struggle. The war left the country in ruins, but the
:15:35. > :15:39.American National Security Adviser Henry Kissinger called it a basket
:15:39. > :15:49.case. He thought the new country would constantly need millions of
:15:49. > :15:49.
:15:49. > :15:55.dollars in aid just to survive. said thank God it is not our basket
:15:55. > :16:00.case. Our wish today is for a economy, but it is a highly
:16:00. > :16:04.integrated economy. It is an integrated economy of 160 million
:16:04. > :16:08.people. That is a strength. These children are dressed in the
:16:08. > :16:15.national colours to celebrate Bangladesh Bols break from Pakistan
:16:15. > :16:18.40 years ago. Since then, the country has refused independence on
:16:18. > :16:23.foreign aid, and democracy has taken root after years of military
:16:23. > :16:27.rule. The country has also witnessed a strong economic rise in
:16:27. > :16:36.recent years, helping millions out of poverty. But, for a lot of
:16:36. > :16:39.Bangladesh is, that is not enough. The biggest challenge is sharing in
:16:39. > :16:43.the economy and we have brought down the number of poor people, but
:16:43. > :16:47.it is still one third of the population. For these women, the
:16:47. > :16:51.lively have also depends on what happens outside Bangladesh. The
:16:51. > :16:57.current crisis in the Eurozone, the country's biggest export market,
:16:57. > :17:01.could have a major impact. For 40 years, Bangladesh has defied the
:17:01. > :17:06.dire predictions made in 1971. It has a bright -- survive. There are
:17:06. > :17:16.uncertainties, but people are confident that their in-built
:17:16. > :17:18.
:17:18. > :17:21.resilience will keep them going. We have been hearing that the scars
:17:21. > :17:24.of independence will remain and disagreements continue to the day.
:17:24. > :17:30.The Bangladeshi government saw too many people killed, they called it
:17:30. > :17:33.a genocide. The Pakistani side investigated through a commission
:17:33. > :17:38.which was formed and eventually they said 26,000 people were killed.
:17:38. > :17:43.You can see the difference between 26,003 million. My view is that it
:17:43. > :17:48.is virtually impossible to verify the figure but the fact remains
:17:48. > :17:54.that a lot of people were killed and there was mass rape and murder
:17:54. > :18:00.and torture. For the were atrocities on both sides. Yes, both
:18:00. > :18:05.sides. But the Bengali separatists and the Urdu-speaking community
:18:05. > :18:08.were considered loyal to the idea of Pakistan but there was internal
:18:08. > :18:12.strife as villages were burned and people were killed and that was a
:18:12. > :18:17.justification for the Pakistan army to intervene. But this could not
:18:17. > :18:21.have been done without the help of India. They were crucial to the
:18:21. > :18:26.success of this war. I was brought up in Pakistan believing it was an
:18:26. > :18:30.Indian conspiracy. When I went to Bangladesh last month and spoke to
:18:30. > :18:36.senior ministers, they accepted that without the help from India we
:18:36. > :18:41.could not have done it in 1971. you look at the map, it was bonkers
:18:41. > :18:47.as far as West Pakistan was concerned. The territory divided by
:18:47. > :18:51.1,600 kilometres, with a hostile enemy territory next. It was an
:18:51. > :18:55.absurd idea to begin with in the minds of people, but people say it
:18:55. > :19:00.was inevitable. And when the surrender came, a moment of
:19:00. > :19:04.national humiliation for Pakistan. I believe it is possibly the
:19:04. > :19:08.darkest period in the history of Pakistan. When 90,000 soldiers
:19:08. > :19:14.surrender in front of India, being taken as prisoners of war, the
:19:14. > :19:18.country then broke up. But that fed into the Pakistan paranoia with
:19:18. > :19:23.India and it has continued to inform the policy since then.
:19:23. > :19:27.Looking at Bangladesh now and its future, it is making big strides.
:19:27. > :19:32.There are a lot of challenges in Bangladesh. Overall, Bangladesh has
:19:32. > :19:36.done well since independence. They are making efforts and improving.
:19:36. > :19:41.They are released in charge of their own destiny now. Before
:19:41. > :19:45.independence there was constant blame on West Pakistan and that was
:19:45. > :19:48.exploited in terms of economics and cultural subject -- subjugation,
:19:48. > :19:53.but one would argue even know that the democracy there has problems,
:19:53. > :19:58.one could argue that these people are in charge of their destiny.
:19:58. > :20:04.that hatred slowly dissipating? Bangladesh, I did meet some people
:20:04. > :20:07.and I felt the heat of this because I am Pakistani and Pakistanis
:20:07. > :20:11.killed their relatives, but a lot of people have moved on. People
:20:11. > :20:15.need closure. Officially, Bangladesh has repeatedly asked for
:20:15. > :20:17.an apology from Pakistan and the leaders have expressed regret, but
:20:18. > :20:21.there has not been an official apology yet. Many people in
:20:21. > :20:27.Pakistan believe it is about time that they recognised the wrongs
:20:27. > :20:30.that wouldn't. The controversial British born author and journalist
:20:30. > :20:34.Christopher Hitchens has died at the age of 62. He passed away at a
:20:34. > :20:37.hospital in Houston, Texas after a long battle against cancer.
:20:37. > :20:40.Christopher Hitchens began his career in Britain as a left-wing
:20:40. > :20:44.journalist, but he later moved to New York and to the political right.
:20:44. > :20:49.The BBC's James Robbins looks back on his life.
:20:49. > :20:53.Christopher Hitchens lived hard and fast and wrote even harder --
:20:53. > :20:58.faster. Being the right is what I am, he said, rather than what I do.
:20:58. > :21:02.He started on the left at the New Statesman magazine in 19 some T3.
:21:02. > :21:08.Methodical with facts, always a fierce critic, often hilarious. He
:21:08. > :21:16.wrote to provoke, most of all as an ardent atheist. I refuse to be told
:21:16. > :21:21.what to think or howl, let alone what to say, but most certainly not
:21:21. > :21:26.by people who claimed the authority of fabricated works of primeval
:21:26. > :21:29.myth and fiction. They want me to believe that they are divine, and
:21:29. > :21:34.that I won't have. At and in debate with Tony Blair, Christopher
:21:34. > :21:39.Hitchens told him that the leaders were slave to the celestial
:21:39. > :21:46.dictatorship, a sort of divine North Korea. Christopher was a
:21:46. > :21:54.total one-off. A unique character, an extraordinary polemicist, a
:21:54. > :21:58.contrary in, often. But an incredible, inspirational writer
:21:58. > :22:05.and figure. Christopher Hitchens revelled in fights and shows many
:22:05. > :22:10.targets. He called Bill Clinton based cynical, C -- self-serving,
:22:10. > :22:14.ambitious third. He scandalise many by accusing Mother Teresa of
:22:14. > :22:18.withholding proper medical care in favour of a cult based on death,
:22:18. > :22:24.suffering and subjection. But he was also fearless calling 9/11, the
:22:24. > :22:27.work of Islamic fascism. I knew Christopher in the 60s and 70s. I
:22:28. > :22:33.knew him better in the 90s, actually, when we worked together
:22:33. > :22:38.on a number of documentaries. So why will have fond memories of that
:22:38. > :22:42.Christopher -- I will have. But the new Christopher that emerged after
:22:42. > :22:48.9/11, as an apologist for the United States and its imperial wars
:22:48. > :22:51.and policies have brought, I had little sympathy for. Christopher
:22:51. > :22:56.Hitchens's embrace of America and his support for George Bush ended
:22:56. > :23:01.some friendships that won him new admirers as well. Then, as cancer
:23:01. > :23:06.took hold, he started thinking and writing about dying, death, and a
:23:06. > :23:10.certainty that it would be final. Do you fear death? No, I am not
:23:10. > :23:15.afraid of being dead, necessarily. There is nothing to be afraid of, I
:23:15. > :23:24.won't know. And if I find I am alive in any way a tall, that will
:23:24. > :23:28.Christopher Hitchens who died at the age of 62. I'm joined now by
:23:28. > :23:32.Jacob Weisberg, editor of Slate.com. The thing that struck me about
:23:32. > :23:40.Christopher Hitchens was passion in everything he did and said. Is that
:23:40. > :23:43.your experience as well? Very much so. He had the great passion for
:23:43. > :23:47.whatever his view was at the time, even though it changed over the
:23:47. > :23:50.years. But it wasn't just passion for the sake of it, it was for
:23:50. > :23:53.things he cared about, a human rights, freedom of expression,
:23:53. > :23:57.literature, leaving the kind of life he wanted to lead and for
:23:57. > :24:04.having the freedom to do it. What did you first think when you first
:24:04. > :24:08.met him? I met him 26 years ago when I was 21 years old and he made
:24:08. > :24:10.quite an impression on me. I was taking a year of college and
:24:10. > :24:15.working in Washington as a journalist and he had been there
:24:15. > :24:19.are few more years having come over from London. And he sort of called
:24:19. > :24:22.me out of the blue and asked if I wanted a cheap drink, and I had
:24:22. > :24:26.heard of him and knew his reputation, and he really
:24:26. > :24:29.befriended me, and what I subsequently learnt his day he had
:24:29. > :24:33.done that with so many young journalists in a really selfless
:24:33. > :24:39.and admirable way. He just cultivated this kind of
:24:39. > :24:42.conversation around him and he didn't have disciples, and he
:24:42. > :24:46.didn't like them, but he surrounded himself with a range of people who
:24:46. > :24:50.didn't necessarily share his views or taste but who he got some
:24:50. > :24:53.stimulation from. And he could drink, couldn't he? It was
:24:53. > :24:57.unbelievable. The thing was not how much he drank, but how little
:24:57. > :25:00.effect it had on him. The worst hangover remember having in my life
:25:00. > :25:04.was after one night I went out with him early on and I learned my
:25:04. > :25:08.lesson, but he would drink and drink and at the end of the evening
:25:08. > :25:11.he might feel a little muzzy but basically entirely coherent, and he
:25:11. > :25:15.could sit down and banged out a column that would be better than
:25:15. > :25:21.anything I could do stone-cold sober. He had so many feuds, many
:25:21. > :25:26.of them very entertaining. One less so was with his brother, Peter.
:25:26. > :25:31.Today he wrote about the one quality that stood out in his
:25:31. > :25:35.brother, which was courage. What do you think of that? I think that is
:25:35. > :25:40.the right thing to pick up on, intellectual courage. The more time
:25:40. > :25:44.I have spent in journalism, the more I have felt that the press
:25:44. > :25:49.have a herd mentality existing, especially amongst journalists in
:25:49. > :25:54.some ways. It was simply never true of Christopher. He followed his
:25:54. > :26:04.principles to the logical conclusion and he did not care what
:26:04. > :26:09.anyone thought. From Trotskyite took me a conservative, that is
:26:09. > :26:14.quite a ride. -- to a neo- conservative. I don't think he was
:26:14. > :26:16.a conventional liberal in the American sense, but he did have a
:26:16. > :26:19.larger Liberal values through his life and he was liberationists. He
:26:20. > :26:23.believed people should be free and should be free to express
:26:23. > :26:27.themselves. He didn't think they should live under dictatorships. He
:26:27. > :26:33.thought they should be free to express themselves sexually, to
:26:33. > :26:36.drink, to smoke, to dress the way they want, and there is a
:26:36. > :26:40.consistent thread in his thoughts that go from his period on the left
:26:40. > :26:44.to his period on the right, but looked at in a certain perspective,
:26:44. > :26:47.even his period on the right was not really on the right. He
:26:47. > :26:52.supported the Iraq war. His reasons were different from other
:26:52. > :27:02.supporters. Jacob, thank you for speaking to us. That is all for me
:27:02. > :27:03.
:27:03. > :27:07.Hello, we have a cold weekend ahead. Frosty, I see, and wintry showers.
:27:07. > :27:11.We saw an area of low pressure moving through the Channel which
:27:11. > :27:16.skipped away into Germany and now with strong winds we are left
:27:16. > :27:18.behind with a cold north-west airflow across the UK, which is why
:27:18. > :27:23.temperatures are struggling this weekend. There will be problems
:27:23. > :27:29.with ice and there will be cold accentuated by the north-westerly
:27:29. > :27:32.wind. An RAC start to Saturday and further wintry showers. -- a cold
:27:32. > :27:37.start to Saturday. Shell was running along the southern counties,
:27:37. > :27:41.showers of rain, sleet, snow, hail and also some sunshine across many
:27:41. > :27:43.inland areas with a mixture of patchy cloud and sunny spells and
:27:43. > :27:48.if you get sunshine it doesn't make much difference to the temperature.
:27:48. > :27:51.It is well below the seasonal average and into single figures.
:27:52. > :27:56.The showers coming into the south- west are predominantly rain but you
:27:56. > :28:00.could catch Hale. Those across Wales are snow on high ground but
:28:00. > :28:04.it will not be a constant spell of wet weather because they will be
:28:04. > :28:06.dry and occasionally bright interludes. Further scattered
:28:06. > :28:11.showers keeps coming in through Northern Ireland in temperatures
:28:11. > :28:15.around four or five or six degrees, held close to freezing across