:00:13. > :00:18.This is BBC World News today with Tim Willcox. One year on from the
:00:18. > :00:23.start of the revolution and still a divided country. Egypt's Tahrir
:00:23. > :00:31.Square draws the crowds again, but where are the Facebook generation?
:00:31. > :00:37.How much change has really happened? Although most of the
:00:37. > :00:40.targets of the Egyptian revolution had not been accomplished yet.
:00:41. > :00:45.special forces from the same team that killed Osama Bin Laden 3 two
:00:45. > :00:49.American hostages in Somalia. It came just hours before President
:00:49. > :00:53.Obama set out his vision for a second term in office. I intend to
:00:53. > :00:56.fight obstruction with action and I will oppose any effort to return to
:00:56. > :01:00.the same policies that brought on his economic crisis in the first
:01:00. > :01:07.place. We assess whether his State of the Union address will win over
:01:07. > :01:14.the voters. Also coming up, 2,600 delegates, 40
:01:14. > :01:16.heads of state, 18 central bank chiefs and about 70 billionaires.
:01:16. > :01:26.The German Chancellor opens the World economic Forum in Davos.
:01:26. > :01:33.
:01:33. > :01:37.There is still a lot to learn from the economic crisis. And life after
:01:37. > :01:47.Borat, a new films showing Kazakhstan as the people would like
:01:47. > :01:53.
:01:53. > :01:56.to us see it. Hello and welcome. One year to the
:01:56. > :02:00.day since the start of the revolution in Egypt which swept
:02:00. > :02:06.Hosni Mubarak from power, thousands of people return to Tahrir Square
:02:06. > :02:10.in Cairo. Far from a united nation, the decisions in the society were
:02:10. > :02:15.all too clear. Rival stages were set, with banners carrying
:02:15. > :02:19.conflicting messages. Business, who command a majority in Parliament,
:02:19. > :02:26.celebrating, one pro-democracy supporters want further reform,
:02:26. > :02:30.including the resignation of the ruling military council. It is
:02:30. > :02:34.Party demonstration, part celebration. One year on, Egyptians
:02:34. > :02:39.are proud of what they have achieved, but angry about what has
:02:39. > :02:44.not been done yet. Tahrir Square is a bit of a noisy street party.
:02:44. > :02:54.There are plenty here pressing hard for a quicker move to democracy.
:02:54. > :02:55.
:02:55. > :02:58.am proud of the revolution. We still find that the Egyptian people,
:02:58. > :03:04.although most of the targets of the Egyptian revolution had not been
:03:05. > :03:08.accomplished debt, it has not been filled by the military council.
:03:08. > :03:11.Around the square, there are at least three different stages, with
:03:11. > :03:18.the different political groups all blaring out of their competing
:03:18. > :03:23.messages. That certainly would not have been possible one year ago.
:03:23. > :03:27.Neither would this. Some fairly vicious caricatures of Eija's
:03:27. > :03:31.current leaders. These are also pictures of those killed in the
:03:31. > :03:37.revolution. Some are being drawn by artists, right in the middle of the
:03:37. > :03:42.demonstration. One year on from the revolution, Egypt is still ruled by
:03:42. > :03:47.the military. This man addressed the nation last night to stress
:03:47. > :03:52.that the army support the aims of the revolution. The other power in
:03:52. > :03:56.the land are the Islamists. They are in the majority in the newly
:03:56. > :03:59.elected Parliament and they are involved in complicated behind the
:03:59. > :04:05.scenes negotiations with the army of for a handover of power to
:04:05. > :04:10.civilian rulers. Not everyone here in Tahrir Square once the immediate
:04:10. > :04:15.downfall of the military. There are plenty of different agendas. Sooner
:04:15. > :04:18.or later, someone will have to get this country moving again. One year
:04:18. > :04:23.after the revolution, it is no longer the People versus the
:04:23. > :04:26.government, but a lot of groups competing for power. Sometimes
:04:26. > :04:32.demonstrating, sometimes confronting, sometimes negotiating,
:04:32. > :04:36.it will be a long and complicated road ahead for Egypt.
:04:37. > :04:42.Let us take you lied to Tahrir Square where you can see many
:04:42. > :04:49.people still packing that central square in the heart of Cairo. This
:04:49. > :04:54.is for the start of those mass protests against Hosni Mubarak. It
:04:54. > :04:58.resulted in him been swept from power. He is facing trial. Let us
:04:58. > :05:05.stay and speak to Dr Omagh Ashour, director of Middle East Studies at
:05:05. > :05:09.the University of Exeter. There were special commemorative coins,
:05:09. > :05:19.mass parties planned for the whole of Egypt. How sincere gesture is
:05:19. > :05:21.
:05:21. > :05:28.that? I guess it is a way to absorb some of the anger of the protesters.
:05:28. > :05:33.I was in a suburb walking to Tahrir Square, more than 100,000
:05:33. > :05:38.protesters came out and the chance were overwhelmingly against the
:05:39. > :05:43.armed forces. All of them were demanding a transition to civilian
:05:43. > :05:49.rule, elected civilian rule, President first, it was chanted a
:05:49. > :05:55.lot of times. It is a way to tell the Supreme Council to hold
:05:55. > :06:01.elections as soon as possible. April is the deadline. We will see
:06:01. > :06:05.more and more protests to push back the military out of role. Now there
:06:05. > :06:11.is a Parliament, but the Parliament has limited powers, it cannot
:06:11. > :06:15.appoint a government, it cannot sack a minister. It has the role of
:06:15. > :06:20.crafting the constitution. To complement the full transition of
:06:20. > :06:26.power, we need an elected president and that was the main demand today
:06:26. > :06:30.in Tahrir Square. We were both there one year ago and I remember
:06:30. > :06:40.that the Facebook generation was there, how the revolution swept
:06:40. > :06:50.around the country via electronic media. Where were those people?
:06:50. > :06:52.
:06:52. > :06:56.Many of them poorer all-round. Many of these younger activists ant all
:06:56. > :07:03.of them were in the demonstration today. And many of them were
:07:03. > :07:06.leading the demonstration coming from the upper middle-class areas.
:07:06. > :07:16.They were in Tahrir Square speaking to people and trying to formulate
:07:16. > :07:18.
:07:18. > :07:22.an upcoming strategy. They were calling for a massive protest on
:07:22. > :07:29.Friday calling for elections as soon as possible. These debates are
:07:29. > :07:34.there and most of these activists were there. This is a very
:07:34. > :07:39.different game, the election process. And many of them did not
:07:39. > :07:44.win in the parliamentary do that -- elections, but outside in street
:07:44. > :07:51.politics, things are different and they showed today that they can
:07:51. > :07:59.mobilise again and there is a lot of support for their demands for
:07:59. > :08:03.their calls of the full transition to civilian rule.
:08:03. > :08:07.Now look at some of the other news. At least 70 people in the Pakistani
:08:07. > :08:10.city of Lahore are believed to have been killed by contaminated hard
:08:10. > :08:16.drugs. Officials say the deaths appear to be linked to a batch of
:08:16. > :08:21.drugs given to patients free of charge by a government-run hospital.
:08:21. > :08:25.A government official has told us that 28,000 people received drugs
:08:25. > :08:29.from a contaminated batch. We understand that the drugs were
:08:29. > :08:34.distributed free of charge in the middle of December. Some officials
:08:34. > :08:40.say these drugs were manufactured by a little-known local companies
:08:40. > :08:44.and they did not have expiry dates. Samples of the suspected -- suspect
:08:44. > :08:49.drugs have been sent for testing. At least one firm has been closed
:08:49. > :08:52.and several arrests have been made. Relatives of the dead are saying
:08:52. > :08:56.that authorities waited too long to ring the alarm bells and a more
:08:56. > :09:01.lives were lost because of this. Doctors are warning the death toll
:09:01. > :09:07.could reach 150. We know that more than 400 people have become ill
:09:07. > :09:10.since taking these drugs. Hospital sources have been telling the BBC
:09:10. > :09:15.that they come under pressure to buy from the cheaper suppliers.
:09:15. > :09:19.They say if they do not, they could face court action from local firms.
:09:19. > :09:24.In the wake of this tragedy, doctors are saying that has to stop
:09:24. > :09:32.and that hospitals have to be forced to buy drugs from reputable
:09:32. > :09:35.authorised suppliers, not just from the cheapest people in the market.
:09:35. > :09:39.Nigeria's president Goodluck Jonathan has sacked his police
:09:39. > :09:42.chief Hafiz Ringim. It comes in the wake of attacks by Boko Haram and a
:09:42. > :09:46.recent escape from police custody of a man suspected of masterminding
:09:47. > :09:50.the Christmas Day church attack. South Sudan has agreed a deal with
:09:50. > :09:55.Kenya to build an oil pipeline, potentially reducing its dependence
:09:55. > :09:59.on its northern neighbour Sudan. Last week, South Sudan said it was
:09:59. > :10:05.stopping its oil production because of the row with the government of a
:10:05. > :10:08.transit fees. President Obama has praised the US
:10:08. > :10:13.special forces to launch a pre-dawn raid in Somalia and rescuing two
:10:13. > :10:17.hostages including an American. Both were on hand, but nine parrots
:10:17. > :10:22.were killed. The aid workers were abducted in October when working
:10:22. > :10:29.for a Danish de-mining organisation. The Navy Seal team the rescue the
:10:29. > :10:35.hostages was the same team that killed Osama Bin Laden. A commander
:10:35. > :10:40.in chief with every reason to be relieved. On his way to give the
:10:40. > :10:42.State of the Union address last night, President Obama
:10:42. > :10:52.congratulated his Defence Secretary on a secret rescue mission in
:10:52. > :10:56.Somalia. This mission ended these two aid worker's nightmare. They
:10:56. > :11:01.were freed by US Navy seals after three months held by Somali
:11:01. > :11:05.kidnappers. They were seized last October in northern Somalia while
:11:05. > :11:08.working for a Danish mine-clearing charity. They were held to ransom
:11:08. > :11:12.and the health deteriorated and the US decision to rescue them came
:11:12. > :11:17.from the White House. They were being held in a compound in
:11:17. > :11:21.northern Somalia. US Navy seals, from the same unit that killed
:11:21. > :11:26.Osama Bin Laden, mounted the operation. They parachuted into the
:11:26. > :11:30.area, landing close to the compound at 2am. Gunfire broke out as they
:11:30. > :11:34.approached and then the fighting that followed, all nine kidnappers
:11:34. > :11:39.were killed. There were no US casualties. The hostages were then
:11:39. > :11:44.flown by helicopter to the safety of the US base. The entire
:11:45. > :11:50.operation lasted one hour. When it was over, the president rang the
:11:50. > :11:55.woman's father. He had taken a big risk. That President personally
:11:55. > :11:58.authorised this and we have our special operations forces. They
:11:58. > :12:03.concluded they should go at this time and the President gave the go-
:12:03. > :12:10.ahead. The raid was the highest profile military action in Somalia
:12:10. > :12:15.since US forces pulled out of there in 1994. That still leaves over 150
:12:15. > :12:20.hostages, mostly sailors, held by Somali pirates and bandits. The
:12:20. > :12:23.ransoms for their release are rising, well into the millions. One
:12:23. > :12:28.of those still being held is a British tourist, snatched from this
:12:28. > :12:31.Kenyan beach resort last September and taken to Somalia. It is partly
:12:31. > :12:36.what prompted David Cameron to call an international conference on
:12:37. > :12:41.Somalia next month. Tonight, there are two X hostages his ordeal is
:12:41. > :12:49.over. There will be more kidnappings and more piracy.
:12:49. > :12:53.Somalia's problems will need lasting solutions.
:12:53. > :12:56.That daring raid happened just hours before President Obama went
:12:56. > :12:59.to Capitol Hill to deliver his annual State of the Union address.
:12:59. > :13:04.In it, he demanded a fairer tax system with the wealthiest
:13:04. > :13:12.Americans paying more. He said the policy was about common sense, not
:13:12. > :13:16.class war. That is how his republican opponents described it.
:13:16. > :13:22.The president of the United States! Up it is a great American ritual
:13:22. > :13:27.and by now he knows the stage craft by heart. Will be Raffles estate at
:13:27. > :13:32.the President Obama's last. With tens of millions watching at home,
:13:32. > :13:38.this was a pitch for his own job. America is back! Anyone who tells
:13:38. > :13:40.you otherwise, any one who tells you that America is in decline or
:13:41. > :13:49.that our influence has waned, does not know what they're talking
:13:49. > :13:53.about! To there was optimism here, jobs being created at last, a car
:13:53. > :13:59.industry reborn. What pains President Obama is the widening gap
:13:59. > :14:03.between rich and poor. He says the nation faced a choice. We can sell
:14:03. > :14:08.for country were is shrinking number of people do well, whether a
:14:08. > :14:12.growing number barely get by. And we can restore an economy where
:14:12. > :14:16.everyone gets a fair shot and were everyone does their fair share and
:14:16. > :14:22.where everyone plays by the same set of rules! Translation? The rich
:14:22. > :14:27.should pay more in tax. Republicans call that class warfare. On foreign
:14:27. > :14:33.affairs, he pledged that America would remain the one indispensable
:14:33. > :14:37.nation, but he sounded a warning. The let there be no doubt. America
:14:37. > :14:43.is determined to prevent Iran from getting a nuclear weapon and I will
:14:43. > :14:47.take no options of the table to achieve that goal! In Syria, I have
:14:47. > :14:52.no doubt that the regime will soon discover that the forces of change
:14:52. > :14:58.cannot be reversed and that human dignity cannot be denied.
:14:59. > :15:01.president ended with a call for common purpose, evoking the spirit
:15:01. > :15:05.of the Navy seals who killed Osama Bin Laden. This was a speech
:15:05. > :15:09.delivered in Congress, but directed at American voters far beyond
:15:09. > :15:19.Washington. The President will now take his message on the road to
:15:19. > :15:33.
:15:33. > :15:38.vital battleground states that will The trouble is, more than half of
:15:38. > :15:43.the American population do not believe he can change things around.
:15:43. > :15:47.Two-thirds do not like his direction. He has an uphill task.
:15:47. > :15:54.You have to give the President his dues. The private sector has
:15:55. > :15:59.created jobs for 23 consecutive months, offsetting declines in be
:15:59. > :16:03.government sector. People did not think that he would be as strong as
:16:03. > :16:07.he is now six months ago. Things are moving in the right direction
:16:07. > :16:11.but him politically, but certainly for the American economy. He
:16:11. > :16:17.deserves the credit. When you look at what has happened and what the
:16:17. > :16:23.Republicans try to do to our country last summer when they were
:16:23. > :16:32.denied -- they denied the United States paying his debt...
:16:32. > :16:36.United States is equal for the debt. The President called for two
:16:37. > :16:41.trillion dollars -- up four trillion dollars in cuts but it has
:16:41. > :16:45.to be staged. We want our economy to get stronger, we need to make
:16:45. > :16:51.commitments and put the cuts in place. But we also needs to raise
:16:51. > :16:55.revenue. He is quite clear. When you ask Americans whether they
:16:55. > :17:02.think the tax system is fair and fairly applied, particularly when
:17:02. > :17:08.you have a presidential candidate who paid less than 50 % of his vast
:17:08. > :17:11.wealth in taxes, I think this is a winner issue for the President.
:17:11. > :17:17.Mitt Romney was clearly in his sights, though he did not mention
:17:17. > :17:26.him by name. Doesn't the empirical evidence showed that when you do
:17:26. > :17:32.raise tax rates, the actual tax take is lower? No. Honestly, you
:17:32. > :17:36.cannot 0.21 situation in US history where that has been the truth. That
:17:36. > :17:42.is an old wives tale which has been told time and time again and it is
:17:42. > :17:46.simply not true. When it comes to paying back the deficit, how on
:17:46. > :17:52.earth is it going to happen when everything is locked in terms of
:17:52. > :17:56.Congress? There is no support there. Let's not forget that when Bill
:17:56. > :18:01.Clinton was President, we have balanced books up. We then had a
:18:02. > :18:07.president, George Bush, who went in a completely different direction,
:18:07. > :18:12.gave tax cuts and drove spending or wildly out of proportion, got as
:18:12. > :18:16.involved in two wars, one of which our current President has finally
:18:16. > :18:18.withdrawn as from, so I think the American people will hear this
:18:18. > :18:23.discussion over the next few months once the Republicans have selected
:18:23. > :18:26.their candidate and we will have a good dialogue. But having said that,
:18:27. > :18:30.this President is in much better shape than he appeared to have been
:18:30. > :18:36.six months ago, particularly with the private sector job growth that
:18:36. > :18:40.the US is experiencing. If you look at the water industry, one which
:18:40. > :18:46.Barack Obama single-handedly saved, hundreds of thousands of people
:18:47. > :18:53.directly and indirectly employed against -- over the opposition of
:18:53. > :19:03.most Republicans. -- the automobile industry. We must leave it there.
:19:03. > :19:10.
:19:11. > :19:13.There's lots of snow, and it's icy cold in the Swiss ski resort of
:19:14. > :19:16.Davos, but there are many heated debates ahead for the top political
:19:16. > :19:19.and business leaders gathered at the World Economic Forum there. The
:19:19. > :19:22.meeting was officially opened by the German Chancellor Angela Merkel.
:19:22. > :19:24.She urged her audience to reflect on what lessons had been drawn from
:19:25. > :19:27.the global financial and economic crisis and suggested there was
:19:27. > :19:30.still a lot more to learn. TRANSLATION: What is needed is a
:19:30. > :19:32.big rethink. Ever since 2008 and 2009, we have been debating time
:19:32. > :19:39.and again what lessons we can draw from this big global financial and
:19:39. > :19:42.economic crisis. Let us and perhaps take a moment and reflect a
:19:42. > :19:47.question that was asked last year and that I'm going to ask again
:19:47. > :19:51.this year, what lessons have we learnt from the global financial
:19:51. > :19:56.and economic crisis? Is it sufficient? The answer to that it
:19:56. > :20:00.is even in this year, it is still not sufficient. If we are talking
:20:00. > :20:07.about having a rethink and are breaking new ground, I think there
:20:07. > :20:13.is still room here for improvement. If one is realistic, even perhaps a
:20:13. > :20:17.bit pessimistic come up one has to say that although in 2008 and 2009
:20:17. > :20:22.we have experienced very clearly that there is a close
:20:22. > :20:26.interdependency, we have now been able to bring the Doha round to a
:20:26. > :20:30.successful conclusion. We had a fast changeover in Davos.
:20:30. > :20:37.Our previous guest is gone and we can now speak to the deputy editor
:20:38. > :20:42.of the Financial Times Deutschland. Thank you for joining us. Germany
:20:42. > :20:46.reset pushing the eurozone into a vicious downward cycle with
:20:46. > :20:54.unrealistic austerity demands. It was -- was their son that she was
:20:54. > :21:00.listening to him today? It was known before that that is not her
:21:00. > :21:06.opinion. What did you draw from that? Bizzett more of the same? She
:21:06. > :21:09.is not listening to the IMF either. She made it clear today, and that
:21:09. > :21:14.was for the first time that she made it back play, that Germany is
:21:14. > :21:19.not prepared to pay it more money for the eurozone, at least for the
:21:19. > :21:28.time being. That was new today and there was clear. Interesting that
:21:28. > :21:31.Christine Lagarde wants the merging of the temporary yes -- ESF their
:21:31. > :21:37.point Why was he not go along with something like that? Is it too
:21:37. > :21:42.politically dangerous? That is one reason. She would run into massive
:21:43. > :21:47.problems if she agreed to pay more money because the Democrats are
:21:47. > :21:53.strictly against it, as is the population. On the other hand, her
:21:53. > :21:57.opinion is that the eurozone is doing pretty well, and better than
:21:57. > :22:02.the weeks before. We had some success for bond auction is,
:22:02. > :22:06.austerity programmes are in place in a few countries and today, she
:22:06. > :22:10.mentioned that she almost praises countries like Spain, Portugal,
:22:10. > :22:15.Italy and Ireland for putting these austerity programmes in place. That
:22:15. > :22:19.is why she thinks she can have this tough decision. She also asked
:22:19. > :22:28.business leaders to give policy makers more time to allow them to
:22:28. > :22:34.sort this out, but how much town is left? There is a schedule now, that
:22:34. > :22:40.the problem is we think Greece is more or less fixed, but still we do
:22:40. > :22:45.not know how the outcome will be. Once we will run into problems with
:22:45. > :22:50.Greece Again, then the game is open. The problem is not solved yet, but
:22:50. > :22:59.we look better now than we did six or seven months ago because we had
:22:59. > :23:03.that idea of a new EU treaty which is being constructed. We have this
:23:03. > :23:08.successful bond auction so it seems like as if we are on the right
:23:08. > :23:18.track, but we had this opinion several times before so I'm not
:23:18. > :23:20.
:23:20. > :23:23.sure either. Thank you for joining Five years ago, comedian Sacha
:23:23. > :23:25.Baron Cohen put the spotlight on Kazakhstan for all the wrong
:23:25. > :23:28.reasons with his film spoof 'Borat.' Now the country is
:23:28. > :23:31.launching its own cinematic fight back. To mark its 20th anniversary
:23:31. > :23:34.of independence from the Soviet Union, it's made its most expensive
:23:34. > :23:37.film ever, a national epic called 'Myn Bala.' And as the BBC's Arts
:23:37. > :23:47.Correspondent, Emma Jones reports, there's a new wave of Kazakh films
:23:47. > :23:47.
:23:47. > :23:53.This was the Bay -- the weight Sacha Baron Cohen's film brought
:23:53. > :23:57.Kazakhstan to the West. Although it was timing tea, they were betrayed
:23:57. > :24:05.as backward, sister marrying peasants. Finally this is their
:24:05. > :24:15.response, their own cinema invasion. This is a film which is filmed --
:24:15. > :24:18.No nylon jackets anywhere, this is the true history of how two
:24:18. > :24:22.centuries ago cassocks overthrew the Mongolian oppressors. This
:24:22. > :24:28.message of freedom cost 7 million US dollars to make and it was
:24:28. > :24:32.funded by the cassocks to tell their story. TRANSLATION: We made a
:24:32. > :24:36.good movie and I think it will appeal to a crop -- audiences
:24:36. > :24:40.across the world. A great film knows no borders.
:24:40. > :24:44.It would be wrong to assume there is no mood the infrastructure here.
:24:44. > :24:49.These are the world renowned nomad stunt men. This is where the cast
:24:49. > :24:56.get put through their paces for the film. This stunt team have worked
:24:56. > :25:04.all over the world on films like Conan the barbarian. They then came
:25:04. > :25:09.home to Kazakhstan to make this They are a bad to do more domestic
:25:09. > :25:13.work as well. Last year, the tale of a pink bunny, a look at while
:25:13. > :25:17.the youth, became the country's highest grossing domestic film ever.
:25:17. > :25:23.It alerted the authorities they had a market are now 20 films are in
:25:23. > :25:30.production, Trent not -- 90 % of which are funded.
:25:30. > :25:35.TRANSLATION: We have done a lot to attract young film-makers. Now the
:25:35. > :25:40.script writers are coming to us. The average age is between 20 and
:25:40. > :25:44.27, they are the new wave of directors.
:25:44. > :25:48.This film should be launched at the Cannes Film Festival, but it is
:25:48. > :25:53.hoped its sweeping landscapes will attract Westerners, although
:25:53. > :25:59.modern-day Kazakhstan is as much about oil as a year its.
:25:59. > :26:02.TRANSLATION: Making films is important for our image building
:26:02. > :26:05.for an international audience. It is a good investment to put money
:26:06. > :26:15.in. After all, it is advertising the country abroad and hopefully
:26:16. > :26:21.
:26:21. > :26:28.It is hoped this a national epic could really make benefit for the
:26:28. > :26:31.glorious nation of Kazakhstan, as A reminder of our main news:
:26:31. > :26:34.Thousands of Egyptians have returned to Tahrir Square in Cairo,
:26:34. > :26:36.a year after the start of the protests which overthrew President