:00:09. > :00:14.This is BBC World News Today with me Tim Willcox. Getting ready to
:00:14. > :00:18.burn the midnight oil in Brussels. EU finance ministers wrestle with
:00:18. > :00:25.bail out number two for Greece, but how much more pain can - or will -
:00:25. > :00:28.Greeks take? More clashes between protestors and
:00:28. > :00:35.police in Senegal, as demonstrators vent their anger at President Wade
:00:35. > :00:37.going for a third term in office. What a difference a year makes. On
:00:38. > :00:41.the anniversary of Misrata's rise against the Gaddafi regime in Libya,
:00:41. > :00:44.people go to the polls in local elections.
:00:44. > :00:47.Also coming up in the programme: One step closer to ridding the
:00:47. > :00:54.world of polio. A special report on the immunisation programme that's
:00:54. > :00:58.helped India become polio-free in the last year.
:00:58. > :01:03.India used to have more polio cases than anywhere else, but political
:01:03. > :01:08.will, resources and dedication have finally wiped it out. And meat, but
:01:08. > :01:11.not as we know it. Test tube burgers could soon be on the menu.
:01:11. > :01:21.How appetising a solution could it be to feeding the world's growing
:01:21. > :01:30.
:01:30. > :01:34.Hello and welcome. It looks like it's going to be another long night
:01:34. > :01:38.in Brussels. EU finance ministers focus once again on Greece's second
:01:38. > :01:41.massive bail out. After weeks of increasingly fraught negotiations
:01:42. > :01:46.it does now look as if the deal might go ahead. The stakes couldn't
:01:46. > :01:49.be higher and among the big questions preoccupying finance
:01:49. > :01:53.ministers tonight, will political leaders in Athens stick to their
:01:53. > :01:59.promises and will it be enough to stave off default later in the
:01:59. > :02:02.year? Here's Matthew Price in Brussels. The mood has changed in
:02:02. > :02:06.Brussels, as thaeriefd Europe's finance ministers all made it clear
:02:06. > :02:08.that they expect this deal to go through. The chairman of the
:02:08. > :02:15.meeting saying it has to be concluded now. Greece saying
:02:15. > :02:19.they've done enough. The EU's chief economics official indicated he did
:02:19. > :02:27.expect the deal to go through. But that wouldn't be the end of the
:02:27. > :02:33.eurozone's problems. I trust tonight we can then turn the page,
:02:33. > :02:36.turn the corner and move from stabilisation to what's boosting
:02:36. > :02:41.sustainable growth and job creation. Because that's what is really
:02:41. > :02:47.needed in Europe now. The package, without which Athens will go
:02:48. > :02:53.bankrupt in mid-March, is centred on a �110 billion bail out fund.
:02:53. > :02:57.Much of it will go towards financing a deal that will see �83
:02:57. > :03:03.billion of Greek debt written off. Private lenders will see a
:03:03. > :03:07.reduction of 70% in the money that they've invested in Greece. In
:03:07. > :03:13.Brussels there is a sense that this deal will finally go through. The
:03:13. > :03:17.French Finance Minister has said if it doesn't, there is a risk of a
:03:17. > :03:23.systemic crisis across the eurozone. So here, they will say that they
:03:23. > :03:28.have rescued Greece, once again. Yet, at what cost to the people of
:03:28. > :03:33.Greece? In Athens overnight, there was more violence, more protests
:03:33. > :03:39.against what Greece is being asked to do. And on the streets this
:03:39. > :03:43.morning, a sense that the public sector job cuts... Minimum wage,
:03:43. > :03:47.simply won't work. TRANSLATION: No matter how many
:03:47. > :03:52.loans we receive, if we don't start producing something to be able to
:03:52. > :03:56.stand on our own two feet, we will never have recovery in Greece.
:03:56. > :03:59.TRANSLATION: Even if they cut all pension, all benefits from the
:03:59. > :04:04.unemployed, from disabled people etc, the problem will not be solved.
:04:04. > :04:11.It's a dead end. Some believe this deal saves Greece, others fear the
:04:11. > :04:14.cuts are so deep that its people will bear the cost for a generation.
:04:14. > :04:18.Penny Marinou set up her own business after working at the Greek
:04:18. > :04:21.Economics Ministry for many years and joins us now from Athens. And
:04:21. > :04:31.Wolfram Schrettl, a Professor of Economics at the Free University of
:04:31. > :04:37.Berlin, is also with us. In whose best interests, do you think, is
:04:37. > :04:44.this second bail out package, the Greeks or Germany and the eurozone?
:04:44. > :04:48.In neither's interest I would say. So what it does, it buys again time.
:04:49. > :04:53.It avoids disorderly default. What it does not get for both Greece and
:04:53. > :04:57.the rest of the eurozone massive growth in Greece that. Cannot be
:04:57. > :05:02.achieved by this austerity programme. So Greece is entering
:05:02. > :05:05.its fifth year of recession. Is the Greek economy still going to
:05:05. > :05:10.contract further despite this bail out, this won't kickstart any
:05:10. > :05:16.growth, is it? Certainly not. What it may do is stop the decline. That
:05:16. > :05:20.is not enough for what we need right now. The only medication that
:05:21. > :05:27.would really achieve the goal is that Greece steps outside the
:05:27. > :05:33.eurozone for a transer to period, recovers quickly, following
:05:33. > :05:38.devaluation and then re-enters. Just like Estonia entered
:05:38. > :05:43.undramatically, Greece should exit. You know the Greek people extremely
:05:43. > :05:47.well, how much more can they take of these austerity measures?
:05:47. > :05:52.Describe what's happening to ordinary, middle-class Greeks and
:05:52. > :05:56.the pain they're going through. Well, for middle-class and lower
:05:56. > :06:04.income Greeks it's really very difficult. They've come to the
:06:04. > :06:09.point where their income is just about enough to cover living costs.
:06:09. > :06:14.Of course, I suppose that these austerity measures were necessary,
:06:14. > :06:21.but they haven't been accompanied by some development measures.
:06:21. > :06:25.That's the problem. Because even if the government tries to get income
:06:25. > :06:29.from taxation, there's no income left to tax. So we're going round
:06:29. > :06:33.in a vicious circle I would say. was covering the confidence vote
:06:33. > :06:36.last year, and all the demonstrations and the mass public
:06:36. > :06:42.General Strikes, then a lot of people said they wanted to stay in
:06:42. > :06:49.the euro. Has that changed? I don't think so. I really believe that the
:06:49. > :06:53.majority of Greeks want to stay in the eurozone. And in Europe.
:06:53. > :06:59.Professor, does that surprise you, because from what you're saying it
:06:59. > :07:04.looks as if default is inevitable at some stage. No, it doesn't
:07:05. > :07:10.surprise me at all. I mean, in all countries, where there was a
:07:10. > :07:14.devaluation of the currency, the avoidance of the devaluation was
:07:14. > :07:22.made a matter of national pride and dignity. This was so in the Asian
:07:22. > :07:27.crisis. It was so in the Russia crisis. Then President Yeltsin said
:07:27. > :07:31.there wouldn't be devaluation. But this is a mistaken understanding of
:07:31. > :07:36.dignity and pride. It harms the country, though. We have the
:07:36. > :07:38.private write down for private investors as well. How much of a
:07:38. > :07:43.schism is there between Angela Merkel and her Finance Minister
:07:43. > :07:47.about the best way forward, because there's a row at the moment about
:07:47. > :07:53.the ECB not wanting to write down its Greek holdings at 70%, which
:07:53. > :07:56.all the others are having to do. don't want to comment on the schism
:07:56. > :08:03.between Chancellor Merkel and the Finance Minister, but they both...
:08:03. > :08:07.Why not? Just let me complete that. They were united in the original
:08:07. > :08:11.sin of saying under no circumstances will Greece exit the
:08:11. > :08:14.eurozone. That was the original mistake and we're suffering from
:08:14. > :08:21.the consequences of this. Whether or not they are now divided is
:08:21. > :08:25.unknown to me. I see. Thank you. Just a final thought, what do you
:08:25. > :08:27.think the ultimate long-term impact of this is going to be? Do you
:08:27. > :08:32.think there will be a change, perhaps, in Greek public opinion
:08:33. > :08:37.and they'll say yes, we will take these cuts, take this austerity,
:08:37. > :08:40.rather like the Irish have done, but they don't have the same
:08:40. > :08:45.export-led economy like the Irish, or do you think there will be mass
:08:45. > :08:50.demonstrations and none of this will ever get through? I think
:08:50. > :08:56.there will be mass demonstrations but things are getting through at a
:08:57. > :09:01.slow pace, I would say. And many Greeks believe that the only way to
:09:01. > :09:08.change things in this country, where there are so many things
:09:08. > :09:13.wrong so to apply a really strict programme and change the way the
:09:13. > :09:16.Government functions. You can't imagine what problems we have in
:09:16. > :09:24.this country. Everything is wrong. All the public services don't work
:09:24. > :09:34.properly. Nothing works properly. It's you know, a mess. OK. Well,
:09:34. > :09:34.
:09:34. > :09:39.thank you both very much. Let's look at the day's other news:
:09:39. > :09:42.Experts in the UN atomic energy agency are visiting Iran to find
:09:42. > :09:47.out more about the country's nuclear programme. Their arrival
:09:47. > :09:51.coincided with an announcement from Tehran. Its military has launched a
:09:51. > :09:56.four-day exercise to test the defences of its nuclear sites.
:09:56. > :10:01.Security forces in Nigeria say they have killed eight militants in the
:10:01. > :10:05.north-east. They say they were part of an Islamist sect. Explosions
:10:05. > :10:08.were heard coming from a market in the centre of the city. Three
:10:08. > :10:12.government soliers were injured in the shootout.
:10:12. > :10:18.Reports from Syria suggest government troops are preparing for
:10:18. > :10:21.another assault on Homs. There already been rocket attacks. China
:10:21. > :10:29.has warned that any Western support for the opposition could lead to
:10:29. > :10:34.Civil War. Senegal's President, Abdoulaye Wade,
:10:34. > :10:37.has accused opposition parties of planning violence to disrupt next
:10:37. > :10:39.Sunday's presidential election. Opposition candidates called for
:10:39. > :10:44.further protests against the President's decision to run for a
:10:45. > :10:48.third term. He says he wants to finish what he kaulds hills grand
:10:48. > :10:56.projects. At least six people have been killed since demonstrations
:10:56. > :11:00.began late last month. Mike Wooldridge reports. Religion
:11:00. > :11:03.entering into the volatile situation in Senegal. People
:11:03. > :11:07.gathered at this mosque in the capital Dakar, angry that during a
:11:07. > :11:12.demonstration on Friday, the security forces had fired a tear
:11:12. > :11:18.gas grenade into the building. A new confrontation develops. The
:11:18. > :11:24.original incident has drawn in members of Senegal's largest Sufi
:11:24. > :11:30.brotherhood. "We're very upset because the police desecrated the
:11:30. > :11:35.mosque. This act is hurting us a lot. It's a spiritual place. Even
:11:35. > :11:39.our colonisers have never dared resort to such profannity", this
:11:39. > :11:43.man says. As rocks were hurled and tear gas fired once more, for the
:11:43. > :11:47.fifth consecutive day, the government sought to limit the
:11:47. > :11:52.damagelet the interior minister offered sincere apologies for a
:11:52. > :11:55.tear gas canister going off inside the mosque and urged politicians
:11:55. > :12:01.not to hold protests in the vicinity of mosques. Feelings are
:12:01. > :12:05.running high. "We speak in the name of religion, not only in the name
:12:05. > :12:08.of Muslims or the brotherhood. We live together perfectly with
:12:08. > :12:13.Christians. Once you start attacking the church and now it's
:12:13. > :12:19.the turn of our brotherhood, what's it going to be tomorrow?"
:12:19. > :12:24.The clashes on the streets of Dakar and other towns began last month.
:12:24. > :12:27.After 85-year-old President Abdoulaye Wade won the backing of
:12:27. > :12:31.Senegal's top legal body for his intention of seeking a third term
:12:31. > :12:36.in the presidential election which takes place next Sunday. There's a
:12:36. > :12:42.two-term limit for leaders, but Mr Wade argued that his first term
:12:42. > :12:45.doesn't count. In a country with a reputation for stability and for
:12:45. > :12:50.pioneering democracy, Mr Wade's spokesman accused an opposition
:12:50. > :12:54.candidate of recruiting a militia to provoke chaos and make Senegal
:12:54. > :13:02.ungovernable. Today France, the former colonial power expressed
:13:02. > :13:07.deep concern over the rising tensions. It was exactly one year
:13:07. > :13:10.ago today that the Libyan city of Misrata rose up against Colonel
:13:10. > :13:14.Gaddafi, coinciding with that anniversary, it's been voting to
:13:14. > :13:17.elect a local council, the first major city in Libya to hold
:13:17. > :13:22.democratic poll since the fall of Colonel Gaddafi. He banned
:13:22. > :13:32.elections as an invention of the West. A new 28 member council will
:13:32. > :13:35.
:13:35. > :13:40.help rebuild the city. Dr Fawaz Gerges joins us live now. These are
:13:40. > :13:44.local elections, aren't they, but maybe a dress rehearsal for the
:13:44. > :13:48.ones in the summer, what does it say about the unity of the country
:13:48. > :13:54.do you think? Not much, Tim. It's too early yet. It's an important
:13:54. > :13:58.milestone on the road to establish a legitimate government, legitimate
:13:58. > :14:02.institutions. This is the first free poll in more than 30 years.
:14:02. > :14:07.There's a great deal of excitement. It's a rehearsal, a trial, before
:14:07. > :14:13.national elections take place later this year. But the turnout hasn't
:14:13. > :14:17.been as great as many people had hoped. Between 30 and 40 or 50%.
:14:17. > :14:23.There's not much excite as -- excitement as there was in Tunisia
:14:23. > :14:27.and even Egypt. In this sense, it's the first step. As you also
:14:27. > :14:31.suggested Misrata was one of the cities that was besieged by
:14:31. > :14:36.Gaddafi's forces for several months. Heavy fighting left deep scars in
:14:36. > :14:42.Misrata, so in this sense, the elections to choose 28 members,
:14:42. > :14:46.local council members, is a very important event. But there are many
:14:46. > :14:51.challenges. Among those the path to democracies. The challenges
:14:51. > :14:55.surround the NTC itself. I wonder what your thoughts are about the
:14:55. > :15:01.process they are making. They are now talking about having their own
:15:01. > :15:04.party and seem to be doing things by decree rather than overt
:15:04. > :15:09.democratic process. You're absolutely correct. You put your
:15:09. > :15:15.finger really on some severe challenges facing Libya. First of
:15:15. > :15:22.all, there's a great deal of tensions and cleevages. Not much
:15:22. > :15:26.has taken place in the sense of building a centralised government.
:15:26. > :15:31.Local militias, ironically, Misrata militias are some of the most
:15:31. > :15:36.notorious in the country. They have refused to leave Tripoli. Several
:15:36. > :15:41.of the Misrata militias. Human rights organisations, American and
:15:41. > :15:44.Western organisations have accused the militias in particular, Misrata,
:15:44. > :15:48.of torturing hundreds if not thousands of the former regime
:15:48. > :15:53.suspects. Some of the suspects also have been killed. But the biggest
:15:53. > :15:57.question, the biggest challenge facing Libya is to basically
:15:57. > :16:05.establish a unified government, to create unity out of the multiple
:16:05. > :16:08.local identities. You have Misrata, Ben gauze yay, Tripoli, this is --
:16:09. > :16:12.Benghazi, Tripoli, this is, they have a long way to go. Will that
:16:12. > :16:21.happen? It will take a long time. This is the first step in a one-
:16:21. > :16:25.A sudden thaw has sent blocks of ice down the Danube river,
:16:25. > :16:29.destroying boats and floating restaurants in Belgrade. Debris was
:16:29. > :16:33.scattered through the ice for more than a mile. Many boats were sunk
:16:33. > :16:39.while others were left stranded on the river bank. At least 20 people
:16:39. > :16:44.have died in Serbia during the recent cold snap.
:16:44. > :16:48.Movement on the Danube at last. After over a week off a big freeze
:16:48. > :16:53.on much of the river, a rise in temperatures over the weekend has
:16:53. > :16:57.caused at the thaw. But it was so sudden that it brought large chunks
:16:57. > :17:05.of ice, some of them 30 centimetres thick, crashing into hundreds of
:17:05. > :17:09.boats. Temperatures in Serbia rose from minus 20 Celsius last week to
:17:09. > :17:15.10 degrees on Sunday. TRANSLATION: Nobody expected that
:17:15. > :17:19.this could happen. It started suddenly and this is it.
:17:19. > :17:23.We had not seen weather like this in a long time. People were relaxed.
:17:24. > :17:28.The boats stayed there. The icebreakers did not remove the ice
:17:28. > :17:33.on time. The floating ice also snapped and
:17:33. > :17:37.broke her ankle lines. Several restaurants and bodes settled on
:17:37. > :17:40.the riverbanks. There was concern that the melting
:17:41. > :17:44.snow and ice could overflow. But the river's water levels are lower
:17:44. > :17:51.than normal because of a drought last year. This has made flooding
:17:51. > :17:55.unlikely. Polio is one of the world's oldest
:17:55. > :18:00.and most crippling diseases. Scientists now think they could be
:18:01. > :18:04.close to eradicating it. The virus, causing paralysis, affects mainly
:18:04. > :18:12.children under five. India has been free of polio for over a year
:18:12. > :18:18.thanks to a programme. A correspondent has been in Delhi.
:18:18. > :18:21.Just two drops his all it takes to prevent polio. Now imagine
:18:21. > :18:26.repeating that 170 million tines, tracking down every young child
:18:26. > :18:31.across India. Then you begin to get an idea of what it has taken to get
:18:31. > :18:34.rid of polio here. The mark on the finger shows they have received the
:18:34. > :18:40.vaccine. What has been achieved is
:18:40. > :18:44.remarkable. In the used to have more polio cases than anywhere else.
:18:44. > :18:48.But political will, resources and dedication have finally wiped it
:18:48. > :18:54.out. The volunteers here are from
:18:54. > :18:58.Britain, members of Rotary, a network of professionals. Rotary
:18:58. > :19:01.has been at the forefront of the fight against polio for a
:19:01. > :19:05.generation. They have raised money and awareness.
:19:05. > :19:12.My dream is to have a polio free world. We have done it with
:19:12. > :19:16.smallpox. We are very close now. We are on the last days, I hope.
:19:16. > :19:20.nurse and I bet to make babies daily. Coming here and doing this
:19:20. > :19:28.is just an extension of that. I love people and I want to seek help
:19:28. > :19:35.the children. This hospital still has a backlog
:19:35. > :19:39.of patients paralysed by the virus. He will have four operations...
:19:39. > :19:46.This by caught polio as a baby. He will need many surgeries before he
:19:46. > :19:51.can walk. It is painful to see the suffering.
:19:51. > :19:54.It is painful to see everybody so far around it. If the world can be
:19:54. > :20:01.rid of polio, it will be the greatest thing I can dream up for
:20:01. > :20:05.stud polio used to spread pm through raw sewage and water, but
:20:05. > :20:09.the virus has disappeared because enough people are protected.
:20:09. > :20:13.India has shown eradication is possible. But the war is not won
:20:13. > :20:19.yet. India's polio Free staters is under
:20:19. > :20:23.threat. Pakistan and Afghanistan and Nigeria all saw an increase in
:20:23. > :20:27.cases last year. This virus respects no borders. That is why it
:20:27. > :20:32.is vital that massive immunisation campaigns like this continue until
:20:32. > :20:37.every child in every country is protected.
:20:37. > :20:40.Poorly run immunisation programmes and families who refuse the vaccine
:20:40. > :20:45.are what is preventing those countries from matching India's
:20:45. > :20:53.success. It will take unswerving commitment of the sort seen here if
:20:53. > :20:59.this disabling disease is to be consigned to history.
:20:59. > :21:03.Now, we usually think of burgers as a cheap, fast food - but what is
:21:03. > :21:07.the environmental cost? One Dutch scientist has spent thousands of
:21:07. > :21:12.Euros on creating a burger in a test-tube, created entirely from
:21:12. > :21:18.artificial meat grown from stem cells. Are signs correspondent has
:21:18. > :21:23.more on this Petri dish of the day. This is a strip of muscle grown
:21:23. > :21:27.from a stem cell taken from a cow. In a few months, it will be part of
:21:27. > :21:31.the world's burst synthetic hamburger. The strip is one of
:21:31. > :21:37.thousands grown in a laboratory in the Netherlands. Researchers plan
:21:37. > :21:41.to make these strips with layers of fat to produce the most expensive
:21:41. > :21:45.and high tech fast-food meal in the history of the world. For now,
:21:45. > :21:49.though, the scientist behind the project will have to make do with
:21:49. > :21:57.today's fast food. He is in Vancouver at a scientific meeting
:21:57. > :22:02.to sell his vision of the future. My dream is to produce meat that
:22:02. > :22:09.tastes and looks exactly like this. You will not be able to distinguish
:22:09. > :22:12.it from the livestock meet. But you know now that it is produced in a
:22:12. > :22:19.very animal friendly and whizz off friendly way.
:22:19. > :22:25.Stem cells can be taken from -- and resource friendly wave.
:22:25. > :22:30.Stem cells can be taken from the real thing.
:22:30. > :22:35.So what do they think of the plan at this store in Vancouver? I don't
:22:35. > :22:41.think it is a good idea. Why is that? It just does not make sense
:22:41. > :22:45.to me. There's nothing better than natural meat. That is what we have
:22:45. > :22:51.been raised on our whole lives. We know where the farming comes from,
:22:51. > :22:54.who is processing it for us. But in the future, that natural
:22:54. > :22:59.meat could become too expensive. Buying meat in supermarkets is
:22:59. > :23:03.something that we take for granted nowadays. But not for much longer,
:23:03. > :23:07.according to some economists. They believe that because of rising
:23:07. > :23:12.demand from India and China, meat prices are set to soar. Most of us
:23:12. > :23:17.will not be able to afford it. We have about 1 billion people who
:23:17. > :23:21.are undernourished on the planet. As we push it towards 9 billion
:23:21. > :23:28.people by 2050, we will need to produce more food. Right now, there
:23:28. > :23:31.are a number of countries that are developing, and as their economic
:23:31. > :23:37.situation improves, they demand for meat improves.
:23:37. > :23:43.This professor hopes the technology will one day help to feed an ever
:23:43. > :23:47.growing and increasingly hungry world.
:23:47. > :23:55.Let's talk to Tim Lang, the best of Food Policy at City University in
:23:55. > :24:00.London. -- Professor of Food Policy. Is the solution to the growing
:24:00. > :24:04.world appellation here? I noticed that the doctor called it
:24:04. > :24:10.his dream. You could call it a dream for some and a nightmare for
:24:10. > :24:17.others. We need to undertake this. It is clearly very amazing
:24:17. > :24:22.technology, but let's not get too excited. This is a mystery funder.
:24:22. > :24:29.We don't know who it is who has put up a course of a million Euros, a
:24:29. > :24:36.large amount of money. -- a quarter of a million Euros. It is going to
:24:36. > :24:40.take months to turn this into something resembling a hamburger.
:24:40. > :24:47.The doctor was saying that this is about feeding the population of the
:24:47. > :24:55.future. Actually the problem in the world of food is about a quarter of
:24:55. > :24:59.humanity over eating, not under eating. There's aim -- a mild
:24:59. > :25:02.distribution of food. That is the question. But this raises questions
:25:02. > :25:06.about ethics, environmental footprints and so on. The
:25:06. > :25:16.fundamental issue is this this switch of power. This is a switch
:25:16. > :25:18.
:25:18. > :25:23.away from nature and growing as that clip said. It is about cows
:25:23. > :25:27.and animal growing in nature, fed by farmers being replaced by
:25:27. > :25:33.factories. Aren't you painting a romantic
:25:33. > :25:38.picture of modern farming and processed meat? This may sound an
:25:38. > :25:45.appetising but much of factory farming is unappetising as well.
:25:45. > :25:53.That is the point I'm making. This is a twist in the tale of Western
:25:53. > :25:58.food. To sell it as the moral case for feeding the world is frankly
:25:58. > :26:02.nonsense. I'm sorry, but current methods are
:26:02. > :26:07.unsustainable, are they not? Current methods of meet growing,
:26:07. > :26:12.yes. But it depends on how we do it. It is possible to have sustainable
:26:12. > :26:17.use of land and animals. It is equally possible to have
:26:17. > :26:22.unsustainable use of them. The key issue is a sustainable food system
:26:22. > :26:27.requires a lower footprint. That means consumers eating different.
:26:27. > :26:32.In this sense, this is a technical fix and a sideshow. But it raises
:26:33. > :26:38.lots of interesting questions. Is it important? Not really.