:00:11. > :00:15.This is BBC World News Today with me Kirsty Lang. The Chinese
:00:16. > :00:19.activist who sought santuary at the American Embassy in Beijing speaks
:00:19. > :00:24.out. Chen Guangcheng says he only left because the Chinese
:00:24. > :00:28.authorities threatened to beat his wife to death if the he didn't. An
:00:28. > :00:32.echo of last year's Arab Spring as more than 20 demonstrators in care
:00:32. > :00:37.owe are killed in front of the Ministry of Defence. We saw four
:00:37. > :00:42.people come in with head injuries. They died instantly and three other
:00:42. > :00:47.injuries were also very critical. They died on their way here.
:00:47. > :00:51.France's presidential candidates prepare for a live TV debate. Can
:00:51. > :00:55.Nicolas Sarkozy better his opponent, Francois Hollande, and turn his
:00:55. > :00:59.campaign around? Also coming up in the programme. From the United
:00:59. > :01:04.Nations, how the lives of nearly a million premature babies could be
:01:04. > :01:14.saved across the world. The way we live now. Why the Bauhaus movement
:01:14. > :01:23.
:01:23. > :01:27.set up nearly a century ago is The extraordinary story of one of
:01:27. > :01:37.China's most prominent dissidents took a sinister twist today. After
:01:37. > :01:57.
:01:57. > :02:02.Tempers flares. This was one of Beijing's biggest hospitals this
:02:02. > :02:06.afternoon. Chinese security agents desperate to keep one of the
:02:06. > :02:11.country's best-known human rights activists hidden from us. At the
:02:11. > :02:20.end of the corridor, in a wheelchair, we caught him. Chen
:02:20. > :02:29.Guangcheng, his leg injured in a dramatic escape to the US Embassy
:02:29. > :02:36.last week. The sill wets are his wife and two children, long held
:02:36. > :02:41.captive by Chinese security, today reunited with him. We see Chen
:02:41. > :02:45.Guangcheng inside and his wife. She told the BBC she was fine, her two
:02:45. > :02:51.children are there. Her husband is having a checkup. We are being
:02:51. > :02:57.moved out of the hospital. blind lawyer became an icon after
:02:57. > :03:02.he exposed how thousands of women had undergone forced abortions. For
:03:02. > :03:07.several years he was held under house arrest. He escaped last week,
:03:07. > :03:13.even though he had nearly 100 guards watching him. His overriding
:03:13. > :03:21.desire was to ensure his family could live fear -- free from the
:03:21. > :03:27.harassment and beatings they had endured. His escape has embarrassed
:03:27. > :03:34.the Chinese leaders. Chinese state television today said America's
:03:34. > :03:39.actions amounted to unacceptable ininterference in China's affairs
:03:39. > :03:44.and they demanded a authority. The US said there won't be one. Hillary
:03:44. > :03:48.Clinton is in Beijing for talks on a host of Major issues. Chen
:03:48. > :03:52.Guangcheng said US officials told him China was threatening to beat
:03:52. > :03:57.his family to death if he didn't leave the embassy. Chen Guangcheng
:03:57. > :04:02.said the threat to his family was the reason he quit the embassy.
:04:02. > :04:09.TRANSLATION: If I didn't leave Chinese authorities were going to
:04:09. > :04:15.put my family in danger. I need help now. Tonight, Chen Guangcheng
:04:15. > :04:18.and his family are in the hospital under guard with no US diplomats
:04:18. > :04:25.protecting them, afraid once more for his own safety much he says he
:04:25. > :04:27.wants to leave China. I'm joined now by Robert Kuhn, advisor to the
:04:27. > :04:33.Chinese government, chairman of The Kuhn Foundation and author of, How
:04:33. > :04:38.China's Leaders Think. What do you make of this allegation by Mr Chen
:04:38. > :04:43.that he was threatened, his wife was threatened unless he left the
:04:43. > :04:48.embassy? First of all, we have a confused situation. It's helpful to
:04:48. > :04:52.begin with the background. This is a very embarrassing situation for
:04:53. > :05:02.China in the run-up to the change of leadership, the 18th party
:05:02. > :05:06.congress and in light of all the recent scandal with the firing and
:05:06. > :05:15.all the allegations. We have the bad timing from China's point of
:05:15. > :05:22.view of the strategic and economic dialogue with Hillary Clinton and
:05:22. > :05:26.Timothy good nighter in in China. The second situation we have to
:05:26. > :05:33.consider is that the fact that we have such a confused situation
:05:33. > :05:37.often is normal. We really don't know the status. Mr Chen actually
:05:37. > :05:42.with the ambassador called the Washington Post on the way to the
:05:42. > :05:45.hospital in a positive mood. Now, we hear the report from the
:05:45. > :05:51.Associated Press that you just reported. We don't know the status.
:05:51. > :05:56.The fact that the government is put out on the official media that
:05:57. > :06:01.demanding an apology and being very indignant, this could be quite
:06:01. > :06:05.normal because, in these types of situations, it is proper diplomacy
:06:06. > :06:09.for each side to present their own view. Hillary Clinton has talked
:06:09. > :06:13.about that America will be in touch with him. That everything has been
:06:13. > :06:19.assured. I want to ask you about that. The story was that Hillary
:06:19. > :06:23.Clinton said, don't worry, we will make sure we follow his progress,
:06:23. > :06:28.welfare visits to the family? Will the Chinese authorise authorities
:06:28. > :06:35.really allow America to monitor a Chinese citizen like that? Well,
:06:35. > :06:37.look, the world is different today because of the internet and
:06:37. > :06:43.everybody having immediate access to information. The Chinese
:06:43. > :06:46.leadership will have one objective, to make this story go away as
:06:46. > :06:50.quickly as possible without dramatically losing face,
:06:50. > :06:55.particularly with its own people. They have to find a way to make
:06:55. > :06:58.that happen. Normally, the way it happens is that both sides are
:06:58. > :07:01.allowed to describe the same situation in what seems to be
:07:01. > :07:05.radically different terms. That seems to be happening. Hillary
:07:05. > :07:08.Clinton statements were very clear and the Chinese government, when
:07:08. > :07:15.they are saying they demand an apology, that is also clear. If you
:07:15. > :07:19.read it carefully, they do not contradict. My best guess is that
:07:19. > :07:24.this has been a negotiated and carefully designed programme that
:07:24. > :07:28.both sides have greed to, in terms of the United States leadership and
:07:28. > :07:32.Chinese leadership. The question is Mr Chen himself is in an emotional
:07:32. > :07:36.state. He may be making different comments at different times. That
:07:36. > :07:39.is clearly the case today. We have to wait on that. My suspicion is
:07:39. > :07:45.that the Americans and Chinese have worked this out very carefully.
:07:45. > :07:48.Thank you very much. In Cairo, at least 20 people have been killed
:07:48. > :07:52.while holding a demonstration outside the Egyptian Ministry of
:07:52. > :07:57.Defence. In the early hours of this morning, an unknown group of
:07:57. > :08:01.attackers set upon the protesters using rocks, clubs and shotguns.
:08:01. > :08:04.The demonstrators were complaining about the exclusion of a hard line
:08:04. > :08:08.Islamist candidate from the Presidental election, which is
:08:08. > :08:13.being held in three weeks' time. Here is Jon Leyne. Political
:08:13. > :08:21.violence is back on the streets of Cairo, just three weeks before the
:08:21. > :08:26.Egyptian presidential elections. Mostly the weapons are sticks and
:08:26. > :08:28.stones and firebombs, there is the sound of gunfire somewhere in the
:08:28. > :08:32.background. Demonstrators who were protesting about the exclusion of
:08:32. > :08:38.their candidate from the election say they were attacked unprovoked
:08:38. > :08:41.just before dawn. The people who are here are peaceful protesters.
:08:41. > :08:46.They don't do anything. They stay here, sleeping here, that is it.
:08:46. > :08:51.There are some people could come from the other side attacking them.
:08:51. > :08:55.The people protesting here don't do anything. Just defence. Since then
:08:56. > :09:00.the exchanges have continued throughout the morning with a rise
:09:00. > :09:03.in casualty tolls. Many victims are taken to an emergency field
:09:04. > :09:07.hospital. That has been struggling to cope.
:09:07. > :09:11.TRANSLATION: We saw four people come in with head injuries. They
:09:11. > :09:16.died instantly. Three other injuries were also very critical.
:09:16. > :09:19.They died on their way here. This is where the confrontation broke
:09:19. > :09:23.out in the early hours of the morning. The demonstrators say
:09:23. > :09:27.people came in from the surrounding area and attacked them at this
:09:27. > :09:35.crossroads. Prot tersors have set up these barricades to protect
:09:35. > :09:45.their protest. It's beginning to feel a bit like ta rear square
:09:45. > :09:46.
:09:46. > :09:50.during the revolution last year. They used some people to kill us.
:09:50. > :09:56.They give them money, food and weapons to kill us. I think that
:09:56. > :10:02.they are wishing us to attack them so they say that we are not the
:10:02. > :10:05.victims, but we are the attackers. With the protest continuing two
:10:05. > :10:12.presidential candidates have suspended their campaign. More
:10:12. > :10:17.demonstrators are arriving here all the time. I'm joined now from Cairo
:10:17. > :10:21.by the Egyptian journalist, Shahira Amin, who witnessed the
:10:21. > :10:28.demonstrations today. Do you have any theories about who these
:10:28. > :10:34.attackers might of been? No-one is really sure who they are. They are
:10:35. > :10:43.unknown assailants, but they are well armed. They were carrying
:10:43. > :10:51.batons, some of them, teargas canisters, mol to have cocktails
:10:51. > :10:56.and live munitions. There are suspicions they may be security
:10:56. > :11:02.officers in plain clothes otherwise how would they of got the teargas.
:11:02. > :11:06.You were watching it, was it well organised? Very well organised. The
:11:06. > :11:11.security forces have stood by and let this happen. It looks like they
:11:11. > :11:18.are implicated in what's taking place. You were watching security
:11:18. > :11:22.forces standing there watching people being killed? Absolutely.
:11:22. > :11:27.They've done very little to stop the clashes. They just let this
:11:27. > :11:34.happen. It started off as a peaceful protest. It's turned into
:11:34. > :11:38.a blood bath, a full fledged massacre, really. Say it is members,
:11:38. > :11:42.plain clothesed members of the security forces, what would their
:11:42. > :11:48.intention be? Why would they want it to happen? There are all sorts
:11:48. > :11:51.of theories flying around. There are suspicions that the military
:11:51. > :11:56.council would like to postpone the Presidental election. They called a
:11:56. > :12:06.meeting today with political parties, but seven political
:12:06. > :12:11.parties boycotted the meeting in protest at the events. Some of them
:12:11. > :12:15.think that the military council was going to tell them that they want
:12:15. > :12:21.to postpone the Presidental election and, of course, this will
:12:21. > :12:25.set off another wave of unrest, if it happens. So, in other words, the
:12:25. > :12:30.idea is to cause maximum chaos so the military council can say, we
:12:30. > :12:40.can't Holdsworth an election right now? These are the suspicions, yes,
:12:40. > :12:42.
:12:42. > :12:46.but not confirmed. Thank you very much. The other news. Aung San Suu
:12:46. > :12:49.Kyi has taken up her seat in Burma's Parliament, a month after
:12:49. > :12:53.she and her party enjoyed sweeping success in by-elections. The
:12:53. > :12:57.ceremony is the first time that the Nobel Laureate has held public
:12:58. > :13:02.office. She also said it didn't "bother" her to sit in the same
:13:02. > :13:05.chamber as the military leadership despite her long incarceration at
:13:05. > :13:11.their hands. Syrian government forces have clashed with army
:13:11. > :13:17.defectors in the country's north, further inflaming an area near the
:13:17. > :13:21.Turkish border where rebel fighters have tried to seize territory.
:13:21. > :13:27.Syrian human rights group says 20 military personnel and two rebel
:13:27. > :13:31.fighters were killed in the fighting in Aleppo and Damascus.
:13:31. > :13:37.The UN Security Council has threatened Sudan and South Sudan
:13:37. > :13:42.with sanctions if the former civil war foes don't stop an escalating
:13:42. > :13:49.conflict. The UN also wants the two countries to resume talks within a
:13:49. > :13:54.fortnight on a string of disputes over oil revenues and border
:13:54. > :14:03.demarcation. A British coroner says an intelligence worker, whose naked
:14:03. > :14:06.body was found inside a padlocked but his death might never be
:14:06. > :14:11.explained. Gareth Williams worked as a code breaker for the British
:14:11. > :14:19.intelligence agency, MI6. His body was discovered in a sports bag in
:14:19. > :14:22.the bath at his London flat in 2010. Two British tourists in Australia
:14:22. > :14:29.have been find $1,000 after breaking into a theme park where
:14:29. > :14:38.they swam with dolphins and then stole a penguin. The penguin was
:14:38. > :14:42.later rescued and returned to the marine park unharmed. The two
:14:42. > :14:47.candidates in the French presidential election will meet
:14:47. > :14:51.face-to-face for a live TV debate. Nicolas Sarkozy, the current
:14:51. > :14:55.President, wanted three, his socialist challenger Francois
:14:55. > :14:59.Hollande greed to just one. The debate is widely seen as Mr
:14:59. > :15:05.Sarkozy's last chance to regain the initiative after losing to Mr
:15:05. > :15:10.Hollande in the first round of voting last months? Have they
:15:10. > :15:14.arrived yet? No. Mr Hollande looks very relaxed. Nicolas Sarkozy the
:15:14. > :15:20.under dog trailing behind in the polls looking edgey and aggressive.
:15:20. > :15:24.Again, how the French public perceive him. Style is very much as
:15:24. > :15:28.important as content. The French will want to hear about the economy,
:15:28. > :15:36.about rising unemployment, they also want to see which man better
:15:36. > :15:44.fits the role of the French It is thought that Nicolas Sarkozy
:15:44. > :15:49.is a better TV performer. That is what he believes, and that is why
:15:49. > :15:55.he said,, and face the full three debates, because he believes that
:15:55. > :16:00.he can flatten his opponent. He has said that he is going to
:16:00. > :16:08.atomisation. There is going to be a lot of progress of talks. But
:16:08. > :16:14.Francois Hollande should not be underestimated. He has lost a lot
:16:14. > :16:19.of weight, after being mocked for that. Since the first round of the
:16:19. > :16:22.election, he has been getting down to the nitty-gritty of his policies,
:16:22. > :16:28.and he is coming good across as presidential and a man with a sense
:16:28. > :16:34.of humour. Nicolas Sarkozy could meet his match tonight. They have
:16:34. > :16:38.seen each other before it televised debate in the 1990s, but 20 million
:16:38. > :16:43.French people or more are expected to tune in tonight to see them
:16:43. > :16:48.face-off, one against the other. The economy is the top issue, but
:16:48. > :16:52.they will also discuss international affairs, and the
:16:52. > :16:57.welfare state. People will be looking at the style. It has been
:16:57. > :17:02.compared to a heavyweight boxing match. We have heard every detail
:17:02. > :17:06.of the debate before the debate, how high they are sitting up, the
:17:06. > :17:11.fact that each one of them will have their own air-conditioning
:17:11. > :17:16.unit, and how the lighting has been adjusted to make sure that Francois
:17:16. > :17:20.Hollande's pulled patch will not shine too much. The French know
:17:20. > :17:25.everything about the debate, now they want to know what the men have
:17:25. > :17:30.to say. Every year, 15 million babies
:17:30. > :17:38.around the world are born prematurely, and 1.1 million will
:17:38. > :17:41.die. According to a report just released by the United Nations. The
:17:41. > :17:47.report reveals the disparities between high and low income
:17:47. > :17:51.countries in strategies for cutting the number of deaths globally.
:17:51. > :17:56.A pregnant woman being examined in India, the country with the
:17:56. > :18:02.greatest number of premature births each year, over 3.5 million. Next,
:18:02. > :18:05.China. Between them, they account for nearly a third. When the size
:18:05. > :18:11.of the population is taken into account, the highest rate of
:18:11. > :18:17.premature births is in Malawi, 18 out of every 100 births. The number
:18:17. > :18:21.of pre-term births across the world is increasing. In many low income
:18:21. > :18:27.countries, the reasons for the increase include infections,
:18:27. > :18:31.malaria, HIV and high adolescent pregnancy rates. In high-income
:18:31. > :18:35.countries, it is linked to the number of older women having babies,
:18:35. > :18:39.the increased use of fertility drugs, begin to multiple
:18:39. > :18:43.pregnancies, and in some countries, medically unnecessary inductions
:18:44. > :18:47.and Caesarean deliveries before full term. It is the differences in
:18:48. > :18:54.survival rates that the author has focused on to prevent a premature
:18:54. > :19:00.birth continuing to be an unrecognised killer. The premature
:19:00. > :19:04.baby unit in a hospital in New Jersey. The USA ranks among the top
:19:04. > :19:12.countries for premature births. It is higher for black Americans than
:19:12. > :19:17.white. Less than 10% of extremely early 80s will bite in the first
:19:17. > :19:25.few weeks of life in the USA and other high-income countries are --
:19:25. > :19:29.extremely early babies will die. There is a dramatic survival cap.
:19:29. > :19:34.The so-called kangaroo care being practised here in Malawi, where the
:19:34. > :19:37.baby is held skin to skin on the mother's chest, could help to save
:19:37. > :19:43.at least three-quarters of premature babies in the developing
:19:43. > :19:48.world. Antenatal steroids and antibiotics are other inexpensive,
:19:48. > :19:58.proven ways to reduce the risks that surround premature births.
:19:58. > :19:59.
:19:59. > :20:06.Risks, the report says, too long overlooked and neglected.
:20:06. > :20:13.Joining the now, the author of the report. -- joining me. If there are
:20:13. > :20:21.these easy, relatively cheap methods of saving premature babies,
:20:21. > :20:26.or why are more not saved like that? That is a good question. This
:20:26. > :20:31.report is the first time to highlight this problem of deaths.
:20:31. > :20:37.Your introduction said 1.1 million babies dying from pre-term birth,
:20:37. > :20:41.this is the second leading cause of child death, six times as many as
:20:41. > :20:47.HIV and double as malaria. It is the first time this has been
:20:47. > :20:51.highlighted as a problem on the global agenda. The report puts out
:20:51. > :20:58.the fact that we really can do something different. Kangaroo care
:20:58. > :21:01.was invented 20 years ago in Colombia, because of overcrowded
:21:01. > :21:06.incubators, but it is only just starting to be taken up in these
:21:06. > :21:09.countries. The belief that focus and attention could really see that
:21:09. > :21:14.change over the next year in a dramatic way, to save a lot of
:21:14. > :21:18.lives. It comes down to education and information, which is easier if
:21:18. > :21:26.you are dealing with hospitals and clinics but more difficult getting
:21:26. > :21:30.to the mother's who have babies at home? Even in hospitals and clinics,
:21:30. > :21:37.in Ghana, they have had a fantastic increase in births that have moved
:21:37. > :21:42.into facilities, 75%, but often, four or five babies per cot, and
:21:42. > :21:47.they have only just started kangaroo care. I think the whole
:21:47. > :21:52.issue of what can be done, taking four babies out of incubators and
:21:52. > :21:58.attaching them to their mother, skin to skin, it not only reduces
:21:58. > :22:02.deaths compared to being in an incubator, but there are fewer
:22:02. > :22:09.infections, the baby feeds better, the temperature control is better.
:22:10. > :22:14.It also saves nursing time, reduces costs, and it empowers women.
:22:14. > :22:19.anything be done to stop babies being born early? That is one of
:22:19. > :22:24.the duality is of the report. There are many things that can be done
:22:24. > :22:29.now to save lives that have not been done. In terms of the
:22:29. > :22:33.Prevention side, as your introduction highlighted, 65
:22:33. > :22:37.countries that we have data for, all but three have had an increase
:22:37. > :22:41.in the rate of pre-term birth. In low income countries, there are
:22:41. > :22:46.definitely things we can do better, family planning might be the most
:22:46. > :22:51.cost-effective way, reducing adolescent pregnancies and those
:22:51. > :22:56.women who have berths to quickly and too close together. But in
:22:56. > :23:06.high-income countries, the increase is not fully understood. This is
:23:06. > :23:10.
:23:10. > :23:13.the critical area for more research, The chances are that the design of
:23:13. > :23:17.the phone in your pocket, the chair you are sitting on and the building
:23:18. > :23:23.you work in were influenced by a German school of art and design
:23:23. > :23:27.that opened nearly 100 years ago. The clean lines and modernist
:23:27. > :23:31.aesthetic first created by the Bauhaus School has influenced
:23:31. > :23:41.everyone from Steve Jobs to Ikea. A major new exhibition of Bauhaus has
:23:41. > :23:44.
:23:44. > :23:49.It was a marriage of form and function, art and technology, no
:23:49. > :23:54.wonder Steve Jobs loved it. Power has was fault in the wake of World
:23:54. > :24:01.War One in Weimar Germany, as a laboratory for new ideas --
:24:01. > :24:11.powerhouse was formed. It was about bringing together fine art like
:24:11. > :24:12.
:24:12. > :24:16.these teapots with craft, to create a modern, Utopian society. It was
:24:16. > :24:25.about producing high end design for manufacture in the mass market,
:24:25. > :24:32.which included Toys, such as these puppets. Play, according to ban has,
:24:32. > :24:36.unleash creativity. It was a group of people working together, and
:24:36. > :24:41.artists were raising families there. Other artists make toys, sometimes
:24:41. > :24:47.for their children, but other times for manufacture, and also, the idea
:24:47. > :24:52.of playing at and making do and influencing creative ideas in
:24:52. > :25:01.children went into the classroom. It is striking how contemporary all
:25:01. > :25:07.of this furniture looks. Look at this chair. The artist got the idea
:25:07. > :25:12.from looking at his bicycle frame. Unfortunately, he was ahead of his
:25:12. > :25:19.time, because manufacturers found his design ideas quite difficult to
:25:19. > :25:29.implement, but imagine how radical that looked in 1925. The roll-call
:25:29. > :25:30.
:25:30. > :25:34.of Teachers also included the likes of Kandinsky. Michael Craig Martin
:25:34. > :25:40.would be responsible for fostering the score of young British artists
:25:40. > :25:45.in their 80s and 90s, which included Damien Hirst. -- in the
:25:45. > :25:52.80s and 90s. There was a time when people tried to think of everything
:25:52. > :25:57.again, we think the world from the most basic principles. It is the
:25:57. > :26:02.first school that attempts to look at the idea of creativity, that you
:26:02. > :26:09.do not just teach people things, you teach them how to think, how to
:26:09. > :26:15.the cuttings, how to be inventive. -- have to look at things. It was
:26:15. > :26:19.closed down by the Nazis in 1933, its founders were denounced as
:26:20. > :26:29.Communists. The teachers emigrated to, taking with them the aesthetic
:26:30. > :26:30.
:26:30. > :26:36.and thus ensuring its survival to The main news.
:26:36. > :26:40.It the prominent Chinese dissident Chen quandong -- Chen Guangcheng
:26:40. > :26:46.says the Chinese authorities threatened to beat his wife to
:26:46. > :26:52.death if he did not leave the American embassy.
:26:52. > :27:00.From the, Kirsty Lang, goodbye to start -- from May, Kirsty Lang,
:27:00. > :27:05.start -- from May, Kirsty Lang, We had varying amounts of sunshine
:27:05. > :27:10.through the day, but for most, it was dry. For England and Wales,
:27:10. > :27:14.tomorrow, more rain in the forecast. It will move north. We are starting
:27:14. > :27:19.to see a weather front to come down to was the northern and western
:27:19. > :27:23.Isles. The weather front is becoming more active across the
:27:23. > :27:28.south. Into tomorrow morning, it is cloudy and wet in the southern
:27:28. > :27:33.areas. Some sunshine up north, but it stays very cloudy along the
:27:33. > :27:38.north-east coast of England. It stays cloudy, grey and damp across
:27:38. > :27:42.many southern counties of England. Later in the afternoon, we might
:27:43. > :27:51.see a glimmer of brightness along the south coast, but for North
:27:51. > :27:56.Devon and Cornwall, we keep a lot of the cloud. It is a cloudy day
:27:56. > :28:03.across much of Wales. Heavy rain for the afternoon in the north.
:28:03. > :28:06.Northern Ireland stays dry and bright and warm. It is this area
:28:06. > :28:12.across Northern Ireland, south-west Scotland, where we see the highest