:00:15. > :00:22.me, saner and Dali. Turkey's former military chief is one of puzzled --
:00:22. > :00:28.Gazans jailed for plotting to overthrow the government. What does
:00:28. > :00:33.this tell us about who controls the levers of power is in Turkey?
:00:33. > :00:36.Overreaction or a real terror threat - US embassies in the Middle East
:00:36. > :00:41.and Africa will remain shut until the end of the week.
:00:41. > :00:49.The world's biggest dairy exporter apologises for a scare in its
:00:49. > :00:52.powdered dairy milk products. And the $300,000 burger being touted
:00:52. > :01:02.as the meat of the future, but apparently it doesn't taste that
:01:02. > :01:05.
:01:05. > :01:09.good. Hello and welcome. The five-year
:01:09. > :01:14.mass trial of army officers, journalists and academics in Turkey
:01:15. > :01:19.has come to an end but the controversy has by no means
:01:19. > :01:23.finished. Protesters clashed with police outside the courthouse even
:01:23. > :01:29.before the verdicts were handed down. Nearly 275 have been found
:01:29. > :01:34.guilty of plotting to overthrow the Islamist leaning dogma. One of them
:01:34. > :01:40.is a former army chief who received a life sentence. The trial has put
:01:40. > :01:44.the focus on tensions between secular traditions and the ruling AK
:01:44. > :01:48.Party, which has its roots in political Islam.
:01:48. > :01:56.Outside the high criminal Court, the protests began before the verdicts
:01:56. > :02:03.were even delivered. The police stopped demonstrators from making it
:02:03. > :02:10.to the court. We are the soldiers of the founder of the secular state,
:02:10. > :02:16.the protesters chanted. They accused the government, rooted in Islam, of
:02:16. > :02:22.inventing a conspiracy to silence valid opposition. I have attacked
:02:22. > :02:26.the life sentences given to former army commanders.
:02:26. > :02:32.TRANSLATION: this is a menace to the Republic of Turkey. If you are
:02:32. > :02:36.trying somebody who is a member of the Armed Forces for being a member
:02:36. > :02:46.of a terrorist organisation, you are trying be army. This nation will not
:02:46. > :02:55.accept it. -- trying the army. prime minister once sat next to the
:02:55. > :02:59.man accused of leading the conspiracy. The court has found him
:02:59. > :03:06.guilty of plotting against the Prime Minister. The general has said the
:03:06. > :03:12.church -- the charges are comic. The decades the military was the final
:03:12. > :03:17.arbiter in Turkish politics. Between 1960 and 1997 the Armed Forces
:03:17. > :03:20.removed four civilian governments but Erdogan has now asserted
:03:20. > :03:25.civilian supremacy over the military. The sentences handed out
:03:25. > :03:35.at the court are a sign of the changing nature of the Turkish
:03:35. > :03:38.state. The military has lost its overwhelming power. Its defenders,
:03:38. > :03:47.supporters of secularism, struggle to form a movement capable of
:03:47. > :03:54.challenging the government. I am joined by the Turkey analyst
:03:54. > :04:02.Fadi Hakura from Chatham House. Who would have thought that the once
:04:02. > :04:07.powerful Turkish military would come to this? I think what happened today
:04:07. > :04:12.is not a surprise. For five years there has been a clear process where
:04:12. > :04:15.the civilian government was asserting and consolidating its
:04:15. > :04:24.control over the military establishment. You needed to take
:04:24. > :04:27.the army out of Turkish politics, the EU wanted Turkey to do that. But
:04:28. > :04:34.they have been custodians of secularism in Turkey. If they are
:04:34. > :04:38.not going to do the job, who is? Pretty much now it is left to the
:04:38. > :04:45.Turkish voters. The military can no longer intervene in politics, the
:04:45. > :04:53.period of military coups is over. What we saw in Egypt cannot happen
:04:53. > :05:01.in Egypt. -- in Turkey. It is left to Turkish democracy to deal with
:05:01. > :05:10.these ideological issues. What about the judiciary -- are they able to be
:05:10. > :05:14.a check on the legislature? There is increasing evidence that the
:05:15. > :05:23.judiciary is coming under control of the government. We are seeing less
:05:23. > :05:29.and less evidence that they can elite act as an independent check on
:05:29. > :05:33.the Prime Minister's extensive power. Is there any personal
:05:33. > :05:38.animosity in this case. When the general was army chief, that is when
:05:39. > :05:45.you had the military chief in 1997, and Erdogan ended up in prison. In a
:05:45. > :05:53.sense the tables have been turned. Given the harsh sentences meted out
:05:53. > :05:57.today by the court, there is growing opinion that this case became
:05:57. > :06:03.increasingly politicised, that there was an element of score settling,
:06:03. > :06:10.and even the United Nations working group on arbitrary detention
:06:10. > :06:14.criticised the trial. The trial was held behind closed doors and most
:06:14. > :06:21.witness statements were in secret. Do we know whether there is any
:06:21. > :06:25.chance of a real appeal? I think the likelihood of a successful appeal
:06:25. > :06:35.looks remote. It is most likely in the immediate future that these top
:06:35. > :06:36.
:06:36. > :06:41.sentences will stand. -- tough sentences. I doubt that these
:06:41. > :06:48.verdicts will trigger a massive political reaction in Turkey. It has
:06:48. > :06:54.been ongoing for five years and really the majority opinion in
:06:54. > :07:00.Turkey, whether amongst secularists, liberals are Conservatives or
:07:00. > :07:09.nationalists, they don't want to see any military intervention. When we
:07:09. > :07:13.secret Susan is about the AK Party, and its critics say they are trying
:07:13. > :07:19.to make society more Islamists, are they going to have a more free hand
:07:19. > :07:25.as a result of this sentence? think they had enormous political
:07:25. > :07:29.leveraged even before this verdict. The last tree or four years the AK
:07:29. > :07:37.Party has been in the asserted -- the ascendancy and has been able to
:07:37. > :07:44.implement its agenda in Turkey. Where would you put this trial in
:07:44. > :07:50.the history of modern Turkey? think this verdict would be seen as
:07:50. > :08:00.a lost opportunity. Turkey could have used this occasion to really
:08:00. > :08:08.
:08:08. > :08:12.reveal the tragedies and brutalities of the past clues -- coups.
:08:12. > :08:16.The US State Department has been giving its reasons to close around
:08:16. > :08:24.20 embassies in the Middle East and Africa on Sunday. It has extended
:08:24. > :08:28.the period until August ten. The US believes it has credible information
:08:28. > :08:31.about a possible terror attack. The State Department said there was a
:08:31. > :08:40.serious threat. We will keep evaluating information
:08:40. > :08:47.as it comes in, and that is why yesterday we announced that sum
:08:47. > :08:50.would be reopening and some would be closing today. We are going to keep
:08:50. > :08:59.analysing the information and making adjustments where we need to but
:08:59. > :09:01.overall what we are doing is taking precautionary steps to protect our
:09:01. > :09:06.people and our facilities and visitors to those facilities
:09:06. > :09:09.overseas. A spokesperson for the US State
:09:09. > :09:15.Department there. Let's go to our risk -- our correspondent Rajini
:09:15. > :09:25.Vaidyanathan. They say they don't want to be too specific but what is
:09:25. > :09:32.
:09:32. > :09:36.the chapter that they have been hearing? -- chatter. We did not get
:09:36. > :09:42.any more details but she reiterated that the source of the threat was
:09:42. > :09:46.chatter, intercepted conversations suggesting that Al-Qaeda in the
:09:46. > :09:51.Arabian Peninsula were planning an attack and that it was of a serious
:09:51. > :09:58.nature, which is why they wanted to close this many embassies. What she
:09:58. > :10:05.said in the briefing is that, as the now, the closures of the 19 will
:10:05. > :10:11.continue. -- as for now. She said she could not give a finite time and
:10:11. > :10:17.when any may open but she said that for at least a week the 19 would
:10:17. > :10:21.remain closed. She was pressed on the idea that if it was a specific
:10:21. > :10:26.threat why are so many embassies being shut? One reporter suggested
:10:26. > :10:33.it was not that specific but she was unable to give us any more clarity
:10:33. > :10:38.than that. Further next week, until the weekend, these 19 will remain
:10:38. > :10:45.shut. It is worth noting that she said they were reevaluating the
:10:45. > :10:51.situation day by day. What is the chatter in Washington about this. Do
:10:51. > :10:55.they think this is an overreaction or the right response? One thing
:10:55. > :10:59.many people are saying in Washington is that this has come at a time when
:10:59. > :11:02.lawmakers have gone on their summer holiday so in terms of getting more
:11:02. > :11:06.information people have been feeling that they have been in the dark
:11:06. > :11:10.slightly. We heard from some congressmen over the weekend who
:11:10. > :11:15.talked about the level of the threat, they have been briefed over
:11:15. > :11:20.the weekend and they did reveal some information about the severity of
:11:20. > :11:24.it, about the fact that the source of this potential attack was
:11:24. > :11:28.Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula, but other than that there is a
:11:28. > :11:34.feeling that more information is needed in terms of what will happen
:11:34. > :11:39.after this week, will discontinue. I have spoken to a former US
:11:39. > :11:45.ambassador who spent time in Iraq and he said that whilst it is worth
:11:45. > :11:50.noting that they are closing these embassies it will not be a total
:11:50. > :11:57.shutdown. They are going into security mode, there will still
:11:57. > :12:03.people inside. In one sense they are not completely shut down. There
:12:03. > :12:10.still will be a presence in these countries but they will be operating
:12:10. > :12:19.in a very different way. Thank you, Rajini Vaidyanathan in Washington.
:12:19. > :12:24.As the US takes measures to protect -- to prevent an attack abroad,
:12:24. > :12:28.there has been more information about the lack -- the latest attack
:12:28. > :12:37.on American soil. One of the brothers involved allegedly in the
:12:37. > :12:46.Boston bombings was involved in websites involving white supremacy
:12:46. > :12:52.and anti-government rubber gander. -- propaganda.
:12:52. > :12:56.The horror of April in Boston and a burning question in the mind of
:12:56. > :13:02.America - where did the hatred come from to do this? When these ethnic
:13:02. > :13:08.Chechen brothers, Tamala and and Dzhokhar, were caught on camera, it
:13:08. > :13:15.was put down to the work of jihadists. They had been reading
:13:15. > :13:18.militant Islamic websites. But now the BBC has found out that the older
:13:18. > :13:22.brother was reading right wing American literature months before
:13:22. > :13:29.the bombing. Articles about government conspiracies, gun rights,
:13:29. > :13:37.white supremacy and the minds of mass killers. Was Tamala a true
:13:37. > :13:43.radical jihadist or just an angry young man who latched onto Islam. --
:13:43. > :13:47.Tamerlan. A few months ago he had risen to become a prominent boxer. A
:13:47. > :13:50.close friend said he began to change around the time he was barred from
:13:50. > :13:59.competing at a national level because he did not have American
:13:59. > :14:05.citizenship. He vanished, it raised his face chip page -- Facebook page.
:14:05. > :14:10.He began to hate America and turned heavily to Islam. At his mosque near
:14:10. > :14:15.Boston he only turned up to pray occasionally. As far as connecting
:14:15. > :14:20.with the Islamic community here, actually praying, being involved,
:14:20. > :14:27.doing acts of charity, all of those were pretty much lacking. I would
:14:27. > :14:35.say maybe he was just a Muslim of convenience. The brothers were on
:14:35. > :14:42.their way here, New York, with more bombs before they were caught.
:14:42. > :14:50.America's terror services are on constant alert. They are a new, less
:14:50. > :14:56.predictable kind of terrorist. The chief minister of the British
:14:56. > :14:59.territory of Gibraltar, off southern Spain, has accused Madrid of sabre
:14:59. > :15:03.rattling and "acting like North Korea" in a dispute over fishing
:15:03. > :15:06.rights. Tensions have increased between the two countries after the
:15:06. > :15:12.Spanish government suggested it could introduce a fee for crossing
:15:12. > :15:18.the border into Gibraltar, as Bridget Kendall reports. The Rock of
:15:19. > :15:23.Gibraltar, Britain's tiny outpost on the tip of Spain. After tightened
:15:23. > :15:29.border controls caused traffic chaos one week ago, the row seems to be
:15:29. > :15:31.hotting up. Spain's foreign minister has warned that his government might
:15:31. > :15:35.impose new restrictions on traffic and flights in and out of the
:15:35. > :15:45.territory, declaring, the party is over. Gibraltar's Chief Minister
:15:45. > :15:47.
:15:47. > :15:53.this morning was also raising the rhetorical temperature. We have seen
:15:53. > :15:57.the sabre rattling of the sort that we have not seen for some time.
:15:57. > :16:05.threat, laid out in a Spanish newspaper interview, is just that, a
:16:05. > :16:09.threat, but one step could be a border crossing fee of 50 euros for
:16:09. > :16:12.each trip between Spain and Gibraltar. Another is tax
:16:12. > :16:18.investigations into property owned by people from Gibraltar in Spain,
:16:18. > :16:21.as well as closing Spanish airspace to planes landing at the airport in
:16:21. > :16:26.Gibraltar. Downing Street said David Cameron was seriously concerned. And
:16:26. > :16:31.this is what it seems prompted Spanish anger, concrete blocks
:16:31. > :16:35.tipped into the Bay last month I Gibraltar, to make an artificial
:16:35. > :16:40.reef to encourage marine life. Spain says the reef is illegal, and is
:16:40. > :16:42.ripping the nets of Spanish fishermen. The row has rumbled on
:16:42. > :16:48.for decades, and Britain says it wants this latest spat resolved
:16:48. > :16:56.politically. But Spain has given no indication that it is prepared to
:16:56. > :17:01.give way. It could be a long, hot August. Now, let's have a look at
:17:01. > :17:11.some of the other main developments today. Pro-Mohamed Morsi protests
:17:11. > :17:11.
:17:11. > :17:15.have been going on in Egypt. Today, US Senators John McCain and Lindsey
:17:15. > :17:19.Graham have arrived in Cairo. Meanwhile, a former leading member
:17:19. > :17:24.of the Muslim Brotherhood has said that only a minority of the
:17:24. > :17:28.Brotherhood leaders want to reach a peaceful solution. Japanese nuclear
:17:28. > :17:34.bread later is say the Fukushima power plant is facing a new
:17:34. > :17:41.emergency. -- nuclear regulators. They say if a solution cannot be
:17:41. > :17:45.found, material could spill into the Pacific Ocean. Germany's Olympic
:17:45. > :17:49.Sports Union has demanded the publication of a study which alleges
:17:49. > :17:56.that West Germany engaged in the doping of athletes in the 1970s. If
:17:56. > :18:02.true, it would lead to comparisons with East Germany, which is known to
:18:02. > :18:05.have doped its athletes during the Cold War. The New Zealand dairy
:18:05. > :18:10.company Fonterra has apologised to Chinese customers after a health
:18:10. > :18:14.scare led to some of its baby milk products being recalled. The company
:18:14. > :18:19.found that a bacteria which can cause botulism was in some of which
:18:19. > :18:22.supplies. It is a worrying development for Chinese parents, who
:18:22. > :18:29.had to go through another crisis about unsafe baby milk several years
:18:29. > :18:33.ago. Martin Patience reports from Beijing. It is a decision Chinese
:18:33. > :18:38.parents agonise over, what milk formula to buy for their babies.
:18:38. > :18:41.Following safety scandals here, many turned to foreign brands, believing
:18:41. > :18:46.they were safer. But now, New Zealand's biggest dairy company has
:18:46. > :18:54.ordered a major recall. The chief executive of Fonterra flew into
:18:54. > :18:58.Beijing to apologise. We really grabbed the distress and anxiety
:18:58. > :19:05.which this might have caused. We totally understand the concern of
:19:05. > :19:10.parents and other consumers around the world. Fonterra has issued a
:19:10. > :19:14.recall in countries including Australia, Thailand, Malaysia and
:19:14. > :19:18.Vietnam. Russia has reportedly banned some of the company's
:19:18. > :19:24.imports, but China is its main market. It buys the vast majority of
:19:24. > :19:28.its milk powder from New Zealand. Domestic brands are no good, and
:19:28. > :19:35.now, foreign brands are the same, said this man. I have no idea what
:19:36. > :19:39.to choose. Six babies died in China in 2008 after drinking contaminated
:19:39. > :19:44.formula. Since then, Chinese parents have paid a premium for foreign baby
:19:44. > :19:50.milk. Such has been the demand that some supermarkets in Britain
:19:50. > :19:55.introduced rationing to stop supplies being shipped to China.
:19:55. > :19:59.Fonterra says it hopes to have everything under control within 48
:19:59. > :20:07.hours, but winning back the trust of the Chinese public will take a good
:20:07. > :20:12.deal longer than that. Staying with matters to do with food, how do you
:20:12. > :20:22.like your beefburger watching Mark well done, medium or rare? Soon,
:20:22. > :20:22.
:20:22. > :20:28.there may be a new choice on the market. -- your beefburger - well
:20:28. > :20:32.done, medium or rare? Today, the first burger made from artificially
:20:32. > :20:37.grown meat was served up to food critics here in London. The Dutch
:20:37. > :20:42.scientist behind the breakthrough said he hoped the technology would
:20:42. > :20:47.help feed people around the world. Pallab Ghosh reports. Grown in the
:20:47. > :20:52.lab and cooked in a pan, the world 's first synthetic hamburger, but
:20:52. > :21:00.what does it taste like? There is some quite intense taste, it is
:21:00. > :21:06.close to meat, it is not that juicy, but the consistency is perfect.
:21:06. > :21:11.taster is a food writer, chosen by the organisers the burger started
:21:11. > :21:14.off in this dish, as a few cells taken from a dead cow. They were
:21:14. > :21:20.then grown into this pale white circles of muscle. Food
:21:20. > :21:24.technologists then added Caravelle saffron and other things to make it
:21:24. > :21:34.taste better, and beetroot juice to make it look of the right colour. --
:21:34. > :21:39.camera Mel, saffron and other things. It would be simpler for
:21:39. > :21:45.people to eat less meat, and I would favour that, but meat consumption is
:21:45. > :21:50.in fact increasing. In the UK, on average, each person eats AT
:21:50. > :21:52.kilograms of meat a year, and that is likely to remain the same. There
:21:52. > :21:56.is going to be rising demand internationally, by a growing
:21:56. > :22:04.population, and more people wanting to eat meat in emerging nations such
:22:04. > :22:09.as China. Currently, 258 million tonnes of meat is produced across
:22:09. > :22:18.the world each year. In 2050, it is estimated that it will need to be
:22:18. > :22:23.455 million tonnes. It is not necessarily about producing more
:22:23. > :22:27.food, but it is about changing the systems of supply, affordability and
:22:27. > :22:32.accessibility, so that not just more food but better food gets to the
:22:32. > :22:39.people who need it. Even those behind this project admit that their
:22:39. > :22:43.meat will never taste as good as the real thing. But they say that as
:22:43. > :22:48.prices rise, and animal welfare and environmental concerns increase,
:22:48. > :22:52.their way is the only ethical and pragmatic way forward. Researchers
:22:52. > :22:57.say it will be at least ten years before they perfect their burger,
:22:57. > :23:02.and the first lab-grown meat will be on sale. Alex Renton is a food
:23:02. > :23:06.policy journalist, also the author of Planet Carnivore, which looks at
:23:06. > :23:11.the future of meat eating. He joins us now from Edinburgh. Once you get
:23:11. > :23:16.past that yuk factor, do you think this could be the food of the
:23:16. > :23:21.future? I think it could be one of the foods of the future. There is no
:23:21. > :23:30.reason why everyone should eat it. But I certainly think it can fill in
:23:30. > :23:34.a whole, where cheap meat is, and meat is an amazingly expensive
:23:34. > :23:38.substance, in terms of planetary resources. Is there not something
:23:38. > :23:48.slightly abhorrent in producing something from the stem cells of a
:23:48. > :23:54.
:23:54. > :23:57.dead cow? . Well, I am a meat eater, and far more abhorrent to me is what
:23:57. > :24:03.goes on every day to millions of animals in factory farms around the
:24:04. > :24:08.world. That involves terrible cruelty, really just in order to
:24:08. > :24:15.produce the cheapest possible meat. One great promise in this is that no
:24:15. > :24:18.animals whatsoever will suffer. we retire the world's hours and
:24:18. > :24:28.leave them to Cherry on chewing their card, and take their milk and
:24:28. > :24:34.
:24:34. > :24:38.not eat them at all? -- to Cherry on chewing their cud. -- carry on. No,
:24:38. > :24:43.I think what is far more likely is that we will not be shipping
:24:43. > :24:49.products across the world. The cheap end of the animal protein market,
:24:49. > :24:51.the people who at the moment are fed in quite disgusting ways, often from
:24:51. > :24:56.recovered meat, from animal carcasses which have been pressure
:24:56. > :25:01.hosed, this new technology will supply that end of the market. Those
:25:01. > :25:05.of us who want to eat expensive, grass fed beef, can do so in the
:25:05. > :25:11.traditional manner. If you had been asked to go and being that food
:25:11. > :25:21.taster today, would you have agreed to do it? I would have loved to have
:25:21. > :25:23.
:25:23. > :25:33.tried it. But for those meat connoisseurs, do you think it really
:25:33. > :25:34.
:25:34. > :25:37.can mimic the taste of beef? No, I do not think it ever will. But one
:25:37. > :25:41.of those journalists today was trying out a prototype, he never
:25:41. > :25:46.said it was what he hoped to produce. It had no fat in it, which
:25:46. > :25:49.is ridiculous, because all of the taste in meat comes from that. It
:25:49. > :25:54.was just straight muscle tissue, which will not taste anything at
:25:54. > :25:58.all. But 20 years down the line, I think there will be something which
:25:58. > :26:03.will convince a lot of people. But at the moment, if you eat a cheap
:26:03. > :26:08.sausage or a burger, which might have horse meat in it, that is a lot
:26:08. > :26:18.of dubious stuff on it, and if you saw it on the animal's bones, you
:26:18. > :26:23.
:26:23. > :26:28.would not think there was meat on it. A reminder of our main news.
:26:28. > :26:36.Protests in Turkey, as a five-year trial of 275 soldiers, journalists
:26:36. > :26:41.and academics ends in a string lengthy string of prison sentences.
:26:41. > :26:46.The former head of the Turkish military, General Basbug, was
:26:46. > :26:51.sentenced to life in prison, as were several other former army generals.
:26:51. > :27:01.Outside the courthouse, police fired water cannon at protesters. That is
:27:01. > :27:05.
:27:05. > :27:10.Isles, it really has been a wash-out tonight. But the rest of the week
:27:10. > :27:15.could not be more different. Tomorrow, much drier. Here is the
:27:15. > :27:21.culprit for that wet weather, which badly affected the south-west of
:27:21. > :27:28.England, Wales, and Scotland on Monday. By Tuesday, it will have
:27:28. > :27:36.made way for much clearer conditions. Still some long spells
:27:37. > :27:46.of sunshine tomorrow afternoon. East Anglia and the south-east, in the
:27:46. > :27:49.sunshine, temperatures getting up to about 23. What a big difference,
:27:49. > :27:54.though, for the south-west of England, the Midlands and Wales. The
:27:54. > :27:58.torrential downpours are gone, replaced by sunny spells, light
:27:58. > :28:03.winds, with temperatures getting up into the low 20s. Northern Ireland
:28:03. > :28:13.could have a bit more cloud on Tuesday, with isolated showers. But