:00:08. > :00:17.This is BBC World News Today with me Philippa Thomas. A major rescue
:00:17. > :00:27.more than 300 migrants drowned when 200 passengers are said to have
:00:27. > :00:33.more than 300 migrants drowned when sank off the island of Lampedusa.
:00:33. > :00:37.more than 300 migrants drowned when The body charged with dismantling
:00:38. > :00:47.does that mean for the ambitious is awarded Nobel Peace Prize. What
:00:47. > :00:56.does that mean for the ambitious new study that suggests elephants
:00:56. > :00:57.And from a small town in South Africa to the grand stage of La
:00:57. > :01:23.Good evening. We begin with breaking news and what appears to be another
:01:23. > :01:26.major accident involving hundreds of people on a migrant boat in the
:01:26. > :01:32.Mediterranean. Reports are coming and that a boat has capsized between
:01:32. > :01:34.Europe and North Africa, this time between Sicily and Tunisia. The
:01:34. > :01:38.Italian coastguard says 12 people have died. This all comes just one
:01:38. > :01:42.week after the boat capsized of have died. This all comes just one
:01:42. > :01:48.tiny Italian island of Lampedusa. Matthew Price is an Lampedusa and
:01:48. > :01:58.reports from the aftermath of that tragedy which claimed the lives
:01:58. > :02:00.reports from the aftermath of that relatives of those who did have
:02:00. > :02:00.reports from the aftermath of that flowing hair, clutching photos to
:02:00. > :02:06.brothers, sisters and children. flowing hair, clutching photos to
:02:06. > :02:11.week and they are still being told the bodies can not yet be released
:02:11. > :02:19.for burial. We were given rare access and said Lampedusa's refugees
:02:19. > :02:24.centre. It has room for 250, many more have crowded in this week.
:02:24. > :02:28.centre. It has room for 250, many overflow outside and sleep in the
:02:28. > :02:35.dark. There are people from Eritrea, Somalia and those like summer and
:02:35. > :02:39.her four children who did not want to be identified, fleeing the war in
:02:39. > :02:48.Ksenia. They paid £3000 to cross the sea. It was like a death trap, a
:02:48. > :02:54.recommend it to anyone. We were dying in Ksenia and re-phased death
:02:54. > :03:01.coming here too. It was only God to help us make it through. Also here,
:03:01. > :03:05.cost you to come there? From Libya we found at men. How much did it
:03:05. > :03:09.cost you to come there? From Libya to hear it was exactly $9,000. How
:03:09. > :03:16.difficult was the journey, were to hear it was exactly $9,000. How
:03:16. > :03:33.the boats that migrants used for the afraid? I could not repeat the trip.
:03:33. > :03:35.the boats that migrants used for the in order to board one of these death
:03:35. > :03:38.traps and risk your life looking for a better future will stop it is
:03:38. > :03:40.traps and risk your life looking for just silly and is coming across
:03:40. > :03:46.traps and risk your life looking for these boards, this year alone tens
:03:46. > :03:48.horrendous voyage. While war and poverty continue to fuel this mass
:03:48. > :03:57.Europe's politicians can do to poverty continue to fuel this mass
:03:57. > :04:05.today who came here without their those that do make it. 39 children
:04:05. > :04:16.today who came here without their fate in Europe to look after them.
:04:16. > :04:24.latest incident? What appears to have happened is about 60 miles
:04:24. > :04:26.latest incident? What appears to Lampedusa, and remember, here we are
:04:26. > :04:31.in the middle of the Mediterranean, almost equip distant between the
:04:31. > :04:36.coast of Sicily and the foot of Italy and North Africa and coast, 60
:04:36. > :04:41.miles from here South East, another boat sent out an SOS call the hours
:04:41. > :04:49.ago and then capsized and sank. people were on board. Because of
:04:49. > :04:54.last week's disaster, the Italian Navy had a few boats that were
:04:54. > :04:58.patrolling those waters and it is understood they quickly got some
:04:58. > :05:03.helicopters up and those helicopters managed to rescue 120 people, but if
:05:03. > :05:04.it is true that there were 250 or so people on board, that would leave
:05:04. > :05:18.These are dozens of people that people on board, that would leave
:05:18. > :05:23.difficulty of these operations? Absolutely. This happened at around
:05:23. > :05:34.five o'clock local time, which would looking. One need a spokesperson
:05:34. > :05:38.told of them being 200 people in the water. We do not know, of course,
:05:38. > :05:42.whether there were still people water. We do not know, of course,
:05:42. > :05:44.the boat when it sank, as was the case as happened here just one mile
:05:44. > :05:48.off the coast of Lampedusa when case as happened here just one mile
:05:48. > :05:53.other boat sank last week. It is perfectly possible that there were
:05:53. > :05:58.still people in the hull of that both. What has become clear being an
:05:58. > :06:03.Lampedusa of the last few days and speaking to those who made the boat
:06:03. > :06:06.strike, the smugglers who conducted these operations packed as many
:06:06. > :06:08.strike, the smugglers who conducted as we could. What seems to be the
:06:08. > :06:12.pattern is that women and children are put into the hold of the boat,
:06:12. > :06:16.underneath the deck, that may well be to give them shelter on the
:06:16. > :06:22.crossing because it is incredibly Mediterranean sun and also shelter
:06:22. > :06:32.from any storms. Mostly it appears the pattern as you have men on the
:06:32. > :06:51.the world's stockpile of chemical leave the men with the best chance
:06:51. > :06:53.the world's stockpile of chemical Organisation for the Prohibition of
:06:53. > :06:59.on the challenge of dismantling Ksenia's chemical arsenal, that
:06:59. > :07:01.on the challenge of dismantling chemical weapons around the world.
:07:01. > :07:07.on the challenge of dismantling The organisation has conducted more
:07:07. > :07:09.on the challenge of dismantling countries. It has overseen the
:07:09. > :07:32.destruction of 56,000 tonnes of Convention that as Angola, not
:07:32. > :07:35.destruction of 56,000 tonnes of crisis in Ksenia, the OPCW faces its
:07:35. > :07:38.most daunting challenge to date Omagh the complete destruction of
:07:38. > :07:46.Ksenia's chemical weapons by the middle of next year, a task which
:07:46. > :07:50.organisation's reputation. Recent events in Syria where we have seen
:07:50. > :08:00.chemical weapons put to use have underlined the need to enhance the
:08:00. > :08:06.weapons. The OPCW has been working weapons for 16 years. Its inspectors
:08:06. > :08:11.are trained to identify, handle weapons for 16 years. Its inspectors
:08:11. > :08:20.horrifying weapons ever produced. It's painstaking and the glorious
:08:20. > :08:29.United States has destroyed around The organisation says it has carried
:08:30. > :08:31.out almost 5300 inspections to date throughout 86 countries in the
:08:31. > :08:36.world. It says more than 80% of throughout 86 countries in the
:08:36. > :08:45.world's declared stockpiles have been verifiably destroyed. This
:08:45. > :08:47.world's declared stockpiles have inspire us father to a stronger
:08:47. > :08:56.commitment and greater dedication. I truly hope that this award and the
:08:56. > :09:06.OPCW's ongoing mission in Ksenia will have broader efforts to achieve
:09:06. > :09:11.suffering of its people. The work in Ksenia has only just begun, the
:09:11. > :09:15.suffering of its people. The work in progress so far. The Syrian regime
:09:15. > :09:19.seems to be cooperation and it has tonnes of chemical agents and the
:09:19. > :09:24.cursors, mustard gas, sarin and tonnes of chemical agents and the
:09:24. > :09:33.Destroying all of this in a matter of months would be an achievement
:09:33. > :09:35.Few people know more about the human impact of chemical weapons than
:09:35. > :09:40.Kamaran Haider, who now joins me impact of chemical weapons than
:09:40. > :09:45.from one of our studios in the south of England. He was 11 years of age
:09:45. > :09:49.when Saddam Hussein bombed the courts of Halabja with chemical
:09:49. > :09:56.weapons, most of his family were among the 5000 estimated to have
:09:56. > :10:08.# The cards. He was in a shelter survived that attack. First about
:10:08. > :10:41.# The cards. He was in a shelter an announcement and decision that
:10:41. > :10:42.organisation. I was very happy when I heard that the Nobel Peace Prize
:10:42. > :10:53.organisation. The organisation, I heard that the Nobel Peace Prize
:10:53. > :11:09.do hard work and such peaceful work. It prevents civilian people
:11:09. > :11:25.effects of which no one knows unless painful. Most of the victims of
:11:25. > :11:32.effects of which no one knows unless chemical weapons are civilians. I
:11:32. > :11:36.know one of the points that you weapons was that there is nowhere to
:11:37. > :11:48.hide, that is what happened to you and your family, as it not? That is
:11:49. > :11:51.correct. I will repeat the question for you. Remind us what happened to
:11:51. > :11:56.you, your family, your parents, for you. Remind us what happened to
:11:56. > :12:00.knew something was happening. I for you. Remind us what happened to
:12:00. > :12:03.11 years old and with my family which included my father, mother,
:12:03. > :12:12.brother and sister. On the 16th which included my father, mother,
:12:12. > :12:17.March 1988 at 11 o'clock in the morning we started to bombard us
:12:17. > :12:27.with bombs. We went into a shelter that my father had built. When the
:12:27. > :12:39.chemical bombardment started we that my father had built. When the
:12:39. > :12:44.neighbours came to the shelter with us to be safe from the chemical
:12:44. > :12:52.bombardment. When it started we could get a strong smell. From that
:12:52. > :13:11.smell we knew it was a chemical but chemical weapons travelled
:13:11. > :13:16.through the air and cause great but chemical weapons travelled
:13:16. > :13:26.difficulty for civilians. Thank but chemical weapons travelled
:13:26. > :13:29.perspective from Sir Professor but chemical weapons travelled
:13:29. > :13:41.Professor Edwards Spears who wrote inspectors. Do you think the Nobel
:13:41. > :13:46.Peace Prize was appropriate or still perhaps premature? It is certainly
:13:46. > :13:53.appropriate in the sense that this perhaps premature? It is certainly
:13:53. > :13:58.appropriate in the sense that this task. The focus is, of course, and
:13:58. > :13:59.the Syrian use of chemical weapons and it is premature only in the
:13:59. > :14:02.sense that they have only begun and it is premature only in the
:14:02. > :14:12.process at the moment and they have a very tight schedule and there
:14:12. > :14:12.process at the moment and they have is feasible, given they have such a
:14:12. > :14:16.tight deadline in the middle of is feasible, given they have such a
:14:16. > :14:20.year, as you said, and they are is feasible, given they have such a
:14:20. > :14:22.situation of active warfare? It is feasible, given they have such a
:14:22. > :14:29.unprecedented what they are being asked to do. You must feel for the
:14:29. > :14:41.planning the visits. Seven of the declared chemical facilities are in
:14:41. > :14:44.themselves. Many of the facilities are in urban areas as well which
:14:44. > :14:49.will not ease the task of destroying them. How do you think the mission
:14:49. > :14:54.is going insofar as getting lists of weapons stocks and getting access,
:14:54. > :14:59.how much do you think, in blunt terms, I suppose, do you think the
:14:59. > :15:06.Syrian regime has playing ball? They seem to have delivered a sufficient
:15:06. > :15:12.and then Terry of stocks and weapons to be credible. -- inventory. And to
:15:12. > :15:20.be accepted by the international community at face value. This does
:15:20. > :15:23.comprehensive declaration. We will not know that for some time. There
:15:23. > :15:28.are other states that have signed the deal like Libya and Russia who
:15:28. > :15:35.have still concealed stocks of chemical weapons, despite their
:15:35. > :15:47.protestations of signing up to the complete destruction. Thank you
:15:47. > :15:51.protestations of signing up to the conventional weapons. Now, human
:15:51. > :15:55.rights watch has accused Syrian Islamist rebel groups of carrying
:15:55. > :16:00.out war crimes in August. It says they killed around 190 civilians and
:16:00. > :16:14.took 200 hostages when they captured some Alawite villages near the
:16:14. > :16:22.pictures in this village in northern Syria after the end of a two-week
:16:22. > :16:28.rebel offensive in August. The organisation accuses Islamist rebels
:16:28. > :16:48.and taking more than 200 civilians villagers explained to her is what
:16:48. > :16:57.they found when they returned after government forces gained control.
:16:57. > :17:02.They told us that a number of family members which they had to leave
:17:02. > :17:45.al-Nusra, the rebel group allied to Al-Qaeda. Al-Nusra, seen here, is
:17:45. > :17:51.one of many different movements which make up the Syrian armed
:17:51. > :18:00.opposition. Its tactics include indiscriminate attacks and bombings.
:18:00. > :18:06.terrorist organisation. The rebel attacks against Alawite villages
:18:06. > :18:12.highlighted the increasing problem faced by countries which oppose
:18:12. > :18:16.President Assad. The rebels, whose cause they share, are now accused of
:18:16. > :18:24.the same kind of crimes as the president they are trying to bring
:18:24. > :18:30.The Formula one test driver Maria de Villota has been found dead in her
:18:30. > :18:37.hotel room in Seville. One of the lost an eye in an accident when
:18:37. > :18:49.testing for them are shocked him last year. It is thought she died of
:18:49. > :18:54.Her courage after a life changing crash had drawn admiration through
:18:54. > :18:55.the sporting world. This was her last autumn, starting to rebuild her
:18:55. > :19:02.shattered. She was that rarity. last autumn, starting to rebuild her
:19:02. > :19:11.female driver in the male dominated world of Formula one. She became a
:19:11. > :19:16.test driver for the Marussia team. She suffered a horrific crash. She
:19:16. > :19:22.lost her right eye and nearly her life. But her determination was
:19:22. > :19:28.lost her right eye and nearly her dimmed. She wanted to inspire female
:19:28. > :19:35.campaigns. News of her death has left Formula one in the shock.
:19:35. > :19:38.campaigns. News of her death has weekend's Japanese Grand Prix. This
:19:38. > :19:57.close community here and nearly dark place at the moment. It is
:19:57. > :19:59.close community here and nearly loss we had here. Her legacy to
:19:59. > :20:09.close community here and nearly sport as one of its few female
:20:09. > :20:39.especially. You could not have you should go for it. It is believed
:20:39. > :20:43.Scientists have discovered they respond to human gestures. We can
:20:43. > :20:52.speak to Professor Richard Byrne of St Andrews University. He joins
:20:53. > :20:54.speak to Professor Richard Byrne of from our studio in Dundee. This
:20:54. > :20:56.speak to Professor Richard Byrne of fascinating because it seems to
:20:56. > :21:00.suggest elephants have any abilities we were not aware of. It does. They
:21:00. > :21:06.are very important abilities if we were not aware of. It does. They
:21:06. > :21:10.are interested in human origins because they are critical in child
:21:10. > :21:17.development. The ability to follow pointing are regarded as important
:21:17. > :21:26.steps in a child's development. Where did you pick the elephants? We
:21:26. > :21:31.were lucky to be able to work with a company in Zimbabwe which rescues
:21:31. > :21:42.elephants and trains them inhumane They let us test the elephants. They
:21:42. > :21:48.were able to point. You were asking them to choose and they could point.
:21:48. > :21:56.They were not pointing. They were following our pointing. My colleague
:21:56. > :22:00.was indicating which of two buckets she had put food in and the only way
:22:00. > :22:11.they could get it right was to follow her arm gestures. This is the
:22:11. > :22:15.intelligence which we have not found in animals more closely related
:22:15. > :22:18.intelligence which we have not found humans. Yes, when psychologists
:22:18. > :22:25.first looked to see whether other animals had this ability, they
:22:25. > :22:45.looked to chimpanzees. Chimpanzees straightaway. Is this coincidence or
:22:45. > :22:53.is it accurate to talk of humanlike until it is given that we have not
:22:53. > :22:57.been related for so long? I think it is accurate. It shows that second
:22:57. > :23:01.humanlike abilities can evolve in distant animals which have a need to
:23:01. > :23:05.solve similar problems. It cannot distant animals which have a need to
:23:05. > :23:12.a coincidence that elephants are so highly social. Elephants live in a
:23:12. > :23:17.complex social worlds. They know highly social. Elephants live in a
:23:17. > :23:46.lots of other individuals and have highly social. Elephants live in a
:23:46. > :24:08.scene. She has won a string of La Scala in Milan and New York's
:24:08. > :24:17.Pretty Yende has come a long way since her days as a soprano in the
:24:17. > :24:24.choir here at all high school. I can see in the children's eyes, their
:24:24. > :24:32.joy and the hope that they can do it discovered opera music when she
:24:32. > :24:38.first heard it on a television advert. She studied opera at the
:24:38. > :24:46.University of Cape Town. Her first pianist was Isabeau Kotze. When
:24:46. > :24:48.University of Cape Town. Her first first heard her voice I said to
:24:49. > :24:54.University of Cape Town. Her first husband, we have got a princess
:24:54. > :25:04.University of Cape Town. Her first the making. Listen, this girl's
:25:04. > :25:11.Pretty Yende has come back to share her story with the story of Piet
:25:11. > :25:20.Retief to tell them that her success was through hard work and dreaming
:25:20. > :25:27.big. And dreaming big she did. The power of her voice brought her first
:25:27. > :25:33.two La Scala in Milan and then to the world's attention at her debut
:25:33. > :26:10.Pretty Yende is now inspiring a generation Mac at home. -- back
:26:10. > :26:15.Pretty Yende is now inspiring a You can relax because I'm not going
:26:15. > :26:25.to sing. You can find out more about the BBC's 100 Women season on our
:26:25. > :26:34.Just to remind you of our breaking news. A major rescue operation is
:26:34. > :26:35.underway in the Mediterranean as another boat carrying refugees