:00:00. > :00:07.This is BBC World News Today, with me, Philippa Thomas.
:00:08. > :00:11.Syria's fractured opposition is urged to speak with one voice, as a
:00:12. > :00:16.new attempt is made to end two and half years of civil conflict.
:00:17. > :00:19.In London, a group of Western and Arab nations push for peace talks in
:00:20. > :00:22.Geneva next month, but some Syrian groups say there's no room for
:00:23. > :00:26.President Assad's men at the negotiating table.
:00:27. > :00:30.A worldwide hunt for the White Widow - Now the BBC tracks down the
:00:31. > :00:36.Nairobi address of British terror suspect Samantha Lewthwaite.
:00:37. > :00:39.Also coming up: A blonde, blue-eyed girl is taken away from a Roma
:00:40. > :00:43.couple in Ireland, just days after a similar case emerged in Greece.
:00:44. > :00:47.And Queen Elizabeth is known for liking her race horses, but how
:00:48. > :01:02.about this one at the the National Theatre in London?
:01:03. > :01:08.Hello and welcome. A fresh attempt is being made to try to a broker a
:01:09. > :01:12.Syrian peace deal between the official opposition and president
:01:13. > :01:15.Bashar Al-Assad. The group of western and Arab nations who call
:01:16. > :01:19.themselves "friends of Syria" have today held talks in London with
:01:20. > :01:22.various opposition groups. Their message - that the groups should all
:01:23. > :01:25.commit to negotiations in Geneva next month. Our World Affairs
:01:26. > :01:37.correspondent Rajesh Mirchandani has more.
:01:38. > :01:42.In all of the government checkpoint in Syria. Rebel and linked to
:01:43. > :01:46.Al-Qaeda have been blamed, another sign of how complicated this civil
:01:47. > :01:51.war has become and how difficult it will be to stop the bloodshed.
:01:52. > :01:56.Against that backdrop, international leaders met in London to talk about
:01:57. > :02:02.peace talks. Smiles mask concern about extremism and deep splits in
:02:03. > :02:09.the opposition of Syria. They agreed that only a political settlement
:02:10. > :02:13.will end the war. The only sustainable way to end this conflict
:02:14. > :02:17.and the suffering of Syrian civilians is a political transition
:02:18. > :02:23.in Syria. The purpose of our meeting today has been to send a signal of
:02:24. > :02:27.our resolve, or unity and her determination in bringing that
:02:28. > :02:33.about. On the ground, all rebel groups are fighting to topple
:02:34. > :02:36.President Assad, but they are not united. Some are extremist Islamist
:02:37. > :02:44.groups not interested in peace talks. Others will not talk unless
:02:45. > :02:47.Assad Stepstone first. Here is another obstacle to negotiations,
:02:48. > :02:50.President Assad insists he's not going anywhere. TRANSLATION:
:02:51. > :02:55.Regarding the pointer losing to me personally, I do not see any reason
:02:56. > :03:01.why I should not run in the next election. In his country, UN
:03:02. > :03:06.inspectors are continuing their work to rid Syria of chemical weapons.
:03:07. > :03:10.The head of the team says the Syrian government is cooperating. Critics
:03:11. > :03:13.say the deaths caused by conventional weapons are going
:03:14. > :03:17.unpunished. More than 100,000 Syrians have died over to have years
:03:18. > :03:22.of fighting. International leaders today said the ultimate objective
:03:23. > :03:27.was to end civilian suffering. The greatest victims, the people who
:03:28. > :03:32.suffer the most are the Syrian people themselves who are being
:03:33. > :03:38.driven from their homes and killed in the most wanton violence and who
:03:39. > :03:43.are having an increasingly profound impact on surrounding countries
:03:44. > :03:48.Both the UK and US pledged more money to help the millions of Syrian
:03:49. > :03:53.refugees, one concrete outcome of today's meeting. A key selling
:03:54. > :03:57.opposition group still has not committed to the stocks for an end
:03:58. > :04:04.to the war is no closer. -- the Syrian opposition group. One month
:04:05. > :04:08.after the deadly seas at the shopping while in Nairobi, questions
:04:09. > :04:13.are being asked as to who the attackers were. Interpol have issued
:04:14. > :04:19.a red notice, as it has known, for the rest of the woman known as the
:04:20. > :04:23.white middle, some in the was married to one of the suicide
:04:24. > :04:28.bombers who attacked the London Tube network in 2005. She is one of the
:04:29. > :04:31.most wanted terror suspects in the world and it has emerged that she
:04:32. > :04:39.has been living in Nairobi as recently as two years ago.
:04:40. > :04:46.This is the apartment where she lived between January and July 011.
:04:47. > :04:51.The people living here knew her as a mother of four young children as she
:04:52. > :04:57.lived with a partner only known to the people here as Mick. Jihad for
:04:58. > :05:04.young children, the youngest must have been five months old, and the
:05:05. > :05:10.eldest eight years old. The day she was leaving she was in tears,
:05:11. > :05:13.saying, her mother had passed away. With regard to the Westgate shopping
:05:14. > :05:18.centre attack, there has not been any evidence linking her to that
:05:19. > :05:22.attack but there has been much speculation. What is now likely to
:05:23. > :05:28.reside close is the fact that her apartment was located less than 100
:05:29. > :05:34.metres from another shopping maul, an upmarket shopping maul in Nairobi
:05:35. > :05:37.popular with the middle class. She had a clear line of sight to that
:05:38. > :05:42.shopping maul and has been on the run from the police since 2011. We
:05:43. > :05:46.have been told that one week after she moved out of the apartment the
:05:47. > :05:49.detectives arrived looking for her but she has been on the run since
:05:50. > :05:54.then and just last month Interpol issued a writ -- the red notice
:05:55. > :06:03.against her. That was in Syria. Samantha
:06:04. > :06:09.Lewthwaite is one of a number of Britons suspected of joining
:06:10. > :06:12.Islamist organisations. With me is Peter Neumann, Professor
:06:13. > :06:15.of Security Studies at King's College London where he's Director
:06:16. > :06:26.of the International Centre for the Study of Radicalisation. I want to
:06:27. > :06:29.talk about Somalia first, and the number of Britons or Somalis living
:06:30. > :06:35.in Britain who beat egg being radicalised and going back. We think
:06:36. > :06:39.that since 2008, roughly, there have been around 60 or 70 Britons that
:06:40. > :06:44.have gone to Somalia. They were partly dictated by the very
:06:45. > :06:47.aggressive recruitment campaign by Al-Shabab which has produced very
:06:48. > :06:53.slick videos in English, aimed especially at English speakers and
:06:54. > :06:57.ever since those videos have come out and increasing of Americans and
:06:58. > :07:01.Britons have gone to Somalia. We know that the Internet is key, I be
:07:02. > :07:06.focusing on a particular demographic? Most of the people who
:07:07. > :07:09.have gone people in their 20s, that is much in these videos that tries
:07:10. > :07:14.to capitalise on people 's sense of excitement, since of adventure, one
:07:15. > :07:18.of the videos and said come to Somalia, this is the real business
:07:19. > :07:24.aligned. There clearly is a sense in which they are banking on people's
:07:25. > :07:29.one young male's sense of excitement and adventure. Who pays for that
:07:30. > :07:32.adventure? In most cases they pay themselves, they make the one-way,
:07:33. > :07:38.ask their parents for money at it and it will money and tap into their
:07:39. > :07:44.savings. Once they are there, Al-Shabab takes care of them.
:07:45. > :07:47.Turning to Syria, this is something that is confounding diplomats, how
:07:48. > :07:53.important our foreign recruits to the efforts of the Islamist militias
:07:54. > :07:57.on the ground? They are particularly important to be to have distractions
:07:58. > :08:02.which are strongly supported by foreigners. We estimate that around
:08:03. > :08:08.6000 foreigners have gone to Syria since the beginning of the conflict
:08:09. > :08:11.but 1000 of those are Europeans They are from different European
:08:12. > :08:18.countries, 200 or 300 from Britain, 200 from Belgium, which is probably
:08:19. > :08:23.the capital of the skin of them There are many theories about this.
:08:24. > :08:25.There seems to be a group of people who are actively facilitating
:08:26. > :08:32.treatment from four cities in Belgium, one a very small city where
:08:33. > :08:35.and 50 people have gone. Do you think that John Kerry and William
:08:36. > :08:41.Hague are right to be concerned about this? They see the favoured
:08:42. > :08:48.factions losing ground. Absolutely and the danger with those foreign
:08:49. > :08:54.jihad is is twofold. On one hand the often join very extreme factions. In
:08:55. > :08:57.the creating a lot of bad outcomes instead of Syria. The second problem
:08:58. > :09:02.is that at some point he makes return to their home countries that
:09:03. > :09:08.have nothing to do, but the ideological indoctrinated and
:09:09. > :09:11.brutalised. Something you have tracked is that it is hard to
:09:12. > :09:14.counter the appeal when the Western governments are also saying that
:09:15. > :09:20.Assad must go. They are going to Syria with the same thought. Yes,
:09:21. > :09:23.there is no counter narrative. Before the hit that other
:09:24. > :09:27.politicians get up in the Assad is a brutal dictator who killed his own
:09:28. > :09:31.people, we are sending weapons there but you are not allowed to go, it
:09:32. > :09:39.does not make any sense. It adds fuel to the flames. Yes. Is this a
:09:40. > :09:44.problem likely to go? I think so. As long as this conflict continues it
:09:45. > :09:48.will continue to draw new people in. A lot of empty freight there are
:09:49. > :09:53.absorbed by the conflict in Syria so in that sense it is OK, these people
:09:54. > :09:56.are over there, but in 510 years these people will come back with
:09:57. > :10:02.nothing to do and that may contain a problem nothing to do. Thank you
:10:03. > :10:05.very much for speaking to us. While a small number of foreigners
:10:06. > :10:08.are entering Syria to fight with opposition forces, tens of thousands
:10:09. > :10:12.of Syrians continue to flee the violence. On Monday we reported on
:10:13. > :10:15.their perilous journey across the Mediterranean to Europe, which they
:10:16. > :10:18.see as a safe haven. Today the BBC's Matthew Price meets a family which
:10:19. > :10:21.travelled overland from Syria to Libya, before buying places on a
:10:22. > :10:33.vote to Lampedusa. Matthew followed their journey through Europe, to
:10:34. > :10:38.refuge in Vienna. They came in on the overnight train
:10:39. > :10:45.from Italy. Scared, vulnerable and alone. An educated family, the
:10:46. > :10:50.family is an architect. They sold their two properties in Syria to pay
:10:51. > :10:57.for their escape. Now, one bag contains everything they own.
:10:58. > :11:02.Exhausted, the stock in a cafe. They asked us not identify them.
:11:03. > :11:07.TRANSLATION: I want a better life and stability for my children. I
:11:08. > :11:14.want them to go to school and live just like other children. The
:11:15. > :11:20.children are living in fear. They ask me, where is our house? My
:11:21. > :11:29.daughter asks me about her bed. She wants to sleep in her bed. I don't
:11:30. > :11:37.want to say to her. We first met them in the refugee
:11:38. > :11:41.centre in Lampedusa, Italy. The mother describes their vote journey
:11:42. > :11:49.as a suicide. We almost died, she said. Six days later, she was in
:11:50. > :11:52.Vienna showing the photos. Of the house in Libya are the people
:11:53. > :11:57.smugglers kept them. Of that dangerous vote trip from Africa to
:11:58. > :12:02.Europe. Italian officials then flew them from Lampedusa to another
:12:03. > :12:08.refugee centre in southern Italy. And there, they were free to go
:12:09. > :12:13.TRANSLATION: We were given the choice to stay in Italy or leave. So
:12:14. > :12:18.the Red Cross to a spike after train station. Someone from the refugee
:12:19. > :12:23.camp helped us put the tickets. And we took the train to Vienna.
:12:24. > :12:26.Thousands of migrants have been arriving in Italy and under EU law
:12:27. > :12:31.that is where any claim for asylum should be processed, and yet as we
:12:32. > :12:34.found inside this cafe with this family that did not happen. Italian
:12:35. > :12:39.officials did not require them to stay, in fact part of the system
:12:40. > :12:47.actively encourage them to head north. Then they take a tram towards
:12:48. > :12:50.the refugee centres here. Like many, they know the rules. The new
:12:51. > :12:56.to register only in the country where they wanted to stay. In the
:12:57. > :13:06.case, Austria. Whether you have now formally apply for asylum. Since the
:13:07. > :13:11.filming of that study the couple featured have been offered asylum.
:13:12. > :13:13.Police in Ireland have moved the seven-year-old club girl from a Roma
:13:14. > :13:17.family and taken her into care. The family told officers that the
:13:18. > :13:19.tales was there as the police in Dublin were not satisfied with your
:13:20. > :13:25.explanation of the documents introduced. Tests have not yet been
:13:26. > :13:29.carried out. The case comes as Greek authorities seek to find the true
:13:30. > :13:34.identity of a motherboard girl discovered in a Roma community there
:13:35. > :13:37.last week. Police have widened their investigations to try and find her
:13:38. > :13:38.parents and are now investigating almost a dozen missing children
:13:39. > :13:48.cases. And now the centre of an
:13:49. > :13:56.international trafficking probe It is now a week since police
:13:57. > :14:02.swooped on Farsala. They found the Peel Maria living amongst aroma
:14:03. > :14:11.community. The couple are suspected of kidnapping her. Medical tests
:14:12. > :14:15.show she is five or six years old. The lawyer for the couple told me
:14:16. > :14:18.today no crime had been committed and that her clients were given the
:14:19. > :14:24.child. But there are still questions over her origin. There is no
:14:25. > :14:29.evidence that Maria was begging or that my clients were exploiting her.
:14:30. > :14:35.The couple said her real mother was Bulgarian but I have doubts. Maybe
:14:36. > :14:41.the woman who gave Maria said she was from that country. They have
:14:42. > :14:45.been charged with abduction and having false papers. He has been
:14:46. > :14:49.transferred to the local prison while she will be moved out of the
:14:50. > :14:53.town. And so the couple have been separated. He remains here at the
:14:54. > :14:58.prison while his partner will await trial in custody in Athens.
:14:59. > :15:02.Meanwhile police have searched other Roma communities in the area and
:15:03. > :15:07.several arrests have been made on suspicion of wider trafficking
:15:08. > :15:10.network. The couple's house is closed up, neighbours watching how
:15:11. > :15:15.this mysterious keys moves on. The prosecutors say all birth
:15:16. > :15:24.certificates from the past six years will be checked for benefits fraud.
:15:25. > :15:30.I used to see the mother. She would come here to the square to beg with
:15:31. > :15:36.a child. At 1.I asked her how she had got such a blonde angel. She had
:15:37. > :15:41.said she had conceived at whether blond man. How could we know what
:15:42. > :15:44.was going on? What aroma here feel under threat and marginalised,
:15:45. > :15:49.worried about the impact this could now have. We do not sell or buy
:15:50. > :15:56.children, says the president of the community. We have lots of my own, I
:15:57. > :15:59.have five, my father ten. The charity looking after Maria have had
:16:00. > :16:04.thousands of calls from around the world and is passing leads on to
:16:05. > :16:10.police. The aim to find out whether this was a simple adoption, or was
:16:11. > :16:16.there something more sinister and tragic involved?
:16:17. > :16:20.Spanish judges have ordered the release of a convicted mass militant
:16:21. > :16:25.after the European Court of human rights ruled against continued
:16:26. > :16:30.detention. Ines del Rio Prada of the separatist group ETA has been
:16:31. > :16:36.serving a 30 Mac Pro -- 30 - year sentence for bomb attacks in the
:16:37. > :16:41.1980s. Let's go to Madrid now and speak to our correspondent. Tell us
:16:42. > :16:46.why she was released? Essentially, the Spanish government was keeping
:16:47. > :16:53.Ines del Rio Prada in prison using a ruling back in 2006. At ruling said
:16:54. > :16:58.that anyone committed of the most serious offences including terrorism
:16:59. > :17:02.offences could not be eligible for early release. The European Court of
:17:03. > :17:05.human rights ruled that she should be eligible for release and that is
:17:06. > :17:13.why it is now the possibility of not only her case that has been reviewed
:17:14. > :17:18.and she has been released but other convicted members of ETA could now
:17:19. > :17:22.be eligible for release. I no amongst ETA supporters there has
:17:23. > :17:26.been anger about her treatment, but there has been more anger at this
:17:27. > :17:34.sight of her walking free? There has. One question, from the
:17:35. > :17:46.organisers representing the victims of ETA, is how one woman convicted
:17:47. > :17:56.of several bombings in the 1980s, before completing her full 30-year
:17:57. > :18:01.sentence, there has been a lot of anger and frustration. The
:18:02. > :18:06.government have accepted the decision, but they haven't ridden
:18:07. > :18:11.their disgust at the decision, which in the Spanish government's eyes is
:18:12. > :18:19.a must take. How much has ETA and it seems men alive issue in Spain? It
:18:20. > :18:24.hasn't. That is the interesting thing. For decades the issue of ETA
:18:25. > :18:30.was the number one issue here for photos. Abel lived in fear and to a
:18:31. > :18:36.certain extent it was a huge issue. -- people. It was hugely
:18:37. > :18:41.instrumental in the politics of the regions in the Basque country. ETA
:18:42. > :18:48.has been weakened by a series of arrests. It's called a cease-fire
:18:49. > :18:56.two years ago. Although ETA has not disbanded, we are almost in post-ETA
:18:57. > :19:02.Spain. It is such an emotive issue, of people feel strongly on either
:19:03. > :19:07.side of the debate. A lot of people in Spain condemned ETA as terror
:19:08. > :19:13.arrests. But ETA does have its supporters in the Basque country. I
:19:14. > :19:18.think once again we are seeing a very difficult issue, one that has
:19:19. > :19:23.hung over this country for so many decades. Although it has gone into
:19:24. > :19:26.the background in recent years, this case is brought up some very
:19:27. > :19:30.difficult questions again. Thank you very much.
:19:31. > :19:35.Let's give you a brief look at some other news. More than 100 religious
:19:36. > :19:41.clerics in Saudi Arabia have gone to the Royal Court in Riyadh to protest
:19:42. > :19:45.against growing pressure to lift the ban on women driving. In one video
:19:46. > :19:49.posted on YouTube, one cleric said they had come to tell King Abdullah
:19:50. > :19:55.about the serious risk facing the country. A court in Italy has halved
:19:56. > :19:58.the amount - in alimony - that the former prime minister, Silvio
:19:59. > :20:00.Berlusconi, will have to pay to his ex-wife.
:20:01. > :20:03.Mr Berlusconi - one of Italy's richest men - will now give the
:20:04. > :20:06.equivalent of 1.9 million dollars a month to Veronica Lario and their
:20:07. > :20:08.three children. A man from Liverpool in northern
:20:09. > :20:11.England has been jailed for a year over a bomb all on his wedding day
:20:12. > :20:16.to disguise the fact he had forgotten to book the venue. Neil
:20:17. > :20:22.McArdle was arrested after he admitted calling the police just as
:20:23. > :20:25.is bred was getting ready. Across the western world, there are
:20:26. > :20:30.a growing number of women who choose to have a child alone, facing the
:20:31. > :20:34.prospect of raising a child without the help of our partner. As part of
:20:35. > :20:38.our 100 Women series, call the Lucy Hockings has been to meet a woman,
:20:39. > :20:42.who after the age of 50, realised she might have missed the chance to
:20:43. > :20:48.have a child and decided to do something about it.
:20:49. > :20:54.The intense love that mother feels for her child is something Sally.
:20:55. > :20:59.She would never experience. It came as a decision, not as a question any
:21:00. > :21:04.more. I am going to give this a try. Then if it doesn't work, I will
:21:05. > :21:12.graciously and gratefully let go of the chance for having it. Sally
:21:13. > :21:16.needed a little bit of help as she calls it to conceive her child and
:21:17. > :21:19.went through IVF. She was a private house in Port of the medical
:21:20. > :21:26.community work, given she was an older woman on her own. I was
:21:27. > :21:31.amazed, they were fantastic. They were very positive. More and more
:21:32. > :21:36.people here in the UK are choosing to have the children in
:21:37. > :21:40.nontraditional family units. Since 1986 there has been a 26% drop in
:21:41. > :21:48.children being born to married couples. In terms of women over the
:21:49. > :21:59.age of 40, 6.5% of all children are registered to a sole parent. The
:22:00. > :22:05.organisation here makes -- helps women make the hard decisions. Our
:22:06. > :22:10.demographics are changing so we are seeing an increase in the number of
:22:11. > :22:12.women who have reached their late 30s and 40s who always probably
:22:13. > :22:17.thought they would have children and suddenly find out that they are
:22:18. > :22:24.perhaps going to be childless. For the first generation, the first time
:22:25. > :22:27.that generation has a choice. The last few years haven't been easy for
:22:28. > :22:33.Sally. The usual sleepless nights and the pressure of work. She does
:22:34. > :22:42.not have a single regret. It is just fantastic. It is just fantastic He
:22:43. > :22:49.just gives me joy every day. No sleep, but lots of jolly. I kept
:22:50. > :22:55.hearing people say the thing I am most proud about and what is most
:22:56. > :22:58.important to me is my children. At a certain point of life you can be
:22:59. > :23:07.detached from that. When you keep hearing that, you think, what can
:23:08. > :23:14.that mean? I thought, I have got to try and have a chance to experience
:23:15. > :23:18.that. Now I have. Now I understand! Male friends and family are also
:23:19. > :23:21.role models to her child and she is happy is raising him alone and she
:23:22. > :23:29.plans to be around for a long time yet.
:23:30. > :23:33.One of the stars of the Bolshoi Ballet has gone on trial in Moscow
:23:34. > :23:38.accused of masterminding an acid attack on the ballet's artistic
:23:39. > :23:43.director. Parallel Dimitri Janklow denies organising the assault on
:23:44. > :23:45.Sergei Filin earlier this year which explores bitter behind-the-scenes
:23:46. > :23:51.rivalries at one of Russia's greatest cultural institutions.
:23:52. > :23:56.Pavel Dmitrichenko and two alleged accomplices face up to 12 years in
:23:57. > :23:59.prison if they are convicted of intentionally causing grievous
:24:00. > :24:02.bodily harm. All three deny the charges.
:24:03. > :24:06.Far less controversy here in London, where 50 years ago, the queen of
:24:07. > :24:12.international Peter. Its first performance was Hamlet, performed by
:24:13. > :24:15.Peter O'Toole, directed by Laurence Olivier. 800 productions later, the
:24:16. > :24:21.Queen was back on stage today as part of the day to's anniversary
:24:22. > :24:24.celebrations. Our arts editor Will Gompertz has now looking at the
:24:25. > :24:34.impact of national data. The Queen backstage at the National
:24:35. > :24:41.Theatre. Peter O'Toole as the Danish prince, Hamlet. It was immensely
:24:42. > :24:46.exciting. It was a wonderful adventure to have begun the
:24:47. > :24:53.company. Laurence Olivier, extraordinary actor and. Laurence
:24:54. > :24:58.Olivier was the founding director. His brief was to represent a
:24:59. > :25:05.repertoire of classics alongside new plays. It was a dream. It began in
:25:06. > :25:13.the 19th century, we to have a National Theatre. It seemed that we
:25:14. > :25:17.should have a central place of high standards were almost anything could
:25:18. > :25:23.be done. In the last decade, the state funded institution has become
:25:24. > :25:32.a more astute commercial institution. Warhorse transferred to
:25:33. > :25:37.Broadway. There is no doubt that the National Theatre has made a great
:25:38. > :25:46.success of its here in London. But what effect has it had on nation's
:25:47. > :25:50.Theatre? I went to Newcastle to find out and speak to the man behind the
:25:51. > :25:57.national's hit show which started life here at the live Theatre. What
:25:58. > :26:03.Nash -- do you think National Theatre could do more? I think it
:26:04. > :26:07.could collaborate on productions. That is probably the best way. I
:26:08. > :26:13.think the National Theatre understanding is re-met is also
:26:14. > :26:18.regional as well a central. The National Theatre has been criticised
:26:19. > :26:27.by some for becoming too big, too dominant. But other argues that it
:26:28. > :26:38.is envied around the world. Time to remind you of main news
:26:39. > :26:44.Western and Arab leaders have urged Syrian troops for peace talks in
:26:45. > :26:55.Geneva next month. I am Philip atomic 's. -- Philippa Thomas. Good
:26:56. > :26:59.night. A lively night of whether a head. Some very intense downpours
:27:00. > :27:06.accompanied by some strong and squally winds. Those wins that start
:27:07. > :27:07.to whip up particularly across the south coast. Low