:00:00. > :00:10.This is BBC World News Today with me Philippa Thomas.
:00:11. > :00:14.Britain's three spy chiefs make an unprecedented televised appearance
:00:15. > :00:17.together in public. The heads of MI5, MI6 and the eavesdropping
:00:18. > :00:20.agency GCHQ say the revelations about electronic spying techniques
:00:21. > :00:34.have been deeply damaging to their work. Our adversaries are rubbing
:00:35. > :00:37.their hands with glee. Al-Qaeda is lapping it up.
:00:38. > :00:40.Twitter shares go sky high after going public on the New York Stock
:00:41. > :00:44.Exchange. But how will the microblogging site move into profit?
:00:45. > :00:47.Also coming up - We take you inside the crippled Fukushima power station
:00:48. > :01:05.where engineers are attempting to remove hundreds of nuclear fuel
:01:06. > :01:13.rods. We have to get these rods out into
:01:14. > :01:27.storage. And a new battle for the mayor of Toronto.
:01:28. > :01:30.Hello and welcome. Britain's three spy chiefs have appeared together in
:01:31. > :01:34.public - in front of politicians and the cameras - for the first time.
:01:35. > :01:37.The heads of MI6, GCHQ and MI5 were questioned about whether they
:01:38. > :01:41.intrude too far into our private communications. They, in turn,
:01:42. > :01:45.declared that terrorist networks were "rubbing their hands with glee"
:01:46. > :01:56.over the recent revelations from American analyst Edward Snowden Her
:01:57. > :02:01.security correspondent was watching. Not long ago the identity of these
:02:02. > :02:06.three men would have been secret. Their job to spy for Britain and run
:02:07. > :02:10.its three intelligence agencies Andrew Parker is the head of MI ,
:02:11. > :02:15.dealing with domestic threats like terrorism. Sir John Sawers is the
:02:16. > :02:23.chief of MI6, collecting intelligence abroad. Sir Iain Lobban
:02:24. > :02:28.is the director of GCHQ which monitors global communications. All
:02:29. > :02:35.three warned of the threats they see, especially from terrorism. More
:02:36. > :02:41.British citizens have been killed overseas in 2013 then the previous
:02:42. > :02:46.years combined. Our job is hard and it is getting harder. There have
:02:47. > :02:49.been 34 plots towards terrorism which had been disrupted in this
:02:50. > :02:55.country. GCHQ has been in the spot light recently with questions over
:02:56. > :02:56.whether there been using surveillance capability against
:02:57. > :03:02.ordinary people and just terrorists. The head of agency said
:03:03. > :03:10.it was not listening to every phonecalls, leading to a question
:03:11. > :03:13.from Sir Malcolm Rifkind. The British public are not entitled to
:03:14. > :03:18.hear what you have shared with the committee today? I believe certain
:03:19. > :03:25.methods should remain secret. I do not think secret means sinister The
:03:26. > :03:29.concerns came as a result of weeks from former Americans by Edward
:03:30. > :03:35.Snowden. The chiefs said they had seen terrorist groups in the Middle
:03:36. > :03:40.East and closer to home trying to learn from his revelations and
:03:41. > :03:44.security had been undermined. The leaks from Snowden have been very
:03:45. > :03:49.damaging. They have put our operations at risk. It is clear that
:03:50. > :03:55.our adversaries are rubbing their hands with glee. Al-Qaeda Israelite
:03:56. > :04:05.thing it up. -- Al-Qaeda is lapping it up. Syria is a major concern with
:04:06. > :04:10.what is called terrorism tourism. We have seen hundreds of people from
:04:11. > :04:13.this country go to Syria and come back, other large lubbers are still
:04:14. > :04:21.there and get involved in the fighting. An hour and a half and the
:04:22. > :04:26.public appearance was over. It was not a grilling. No secrets got
:04:27. > :04:31.spilled. Those of up there and the public at large got a glimpse at
:04:32. > :04:38.what Britain's spies are really like. Most of what they do will
:04:39. > :04:42.however continue to be secret. Joining me now from Westminster is
:04:43. > :04:45.Lord Reid. He's a former Labour Home Secretary and Defence Secretary and
:04:46. > :04:53.now a Principal at the Chertoff Group. Thank you for joining us
:04:54. > :04:56.Where you satisfied with the justification today for the scale
:04:57. > :05:01.and surveillance we now know we are all under? Yes, I think a lot of
:05:02. > :05:07.people will have learned from the hearing as well. There was a time
:05:08. > :05:12.when communication between terrorists or International Criminal
:05:13. > :05:19.Court took place between a and B along a wire which could be tapped.
:05:20. > :05:24.The world has changed. It is not the objective of the agencies or the
:05:25. > :05:30.legal framework, but the world has changed. People now communicate by
:05:31. > :05:37.text, over the internets, through web pages and the key thing about
:05:38. > :05:41.all of them is they are transnational. They are global and
:05:42. > :05:50.go round the world, just the same way this interview can go all round
:05:51. > :05:52.the world. The task is infinitely harder for the intelligence services
:05:53. > :05:58.and they have to have some degree of coverage. Secondly, most of the
:05:59. > :06:04.international plot against citizens in this country cover more than one
:06:05. > :06:08.country. When I was Home secretary, almost every plot we tried to
:06:09. > :06:15.investigate and prevents involve people in at least two countries and
:06:16. > :06:18.in one case actors in 20 countries. The hearings today give an
:06:19. > :06:21.indication of the scale and challenge which has faced by the
:06:22. > :06:25.intelligence services and an excellent nation of why they are
:06:26. > :06:31.doing what they are doing. It is such a change world, but the last
:06:32. > :06:35.major piece of legislation about the way in which surveillance can be
:06:36. > :06:44.carried out was passed in 2000, time for an update? These things have to
:06:45. > :06:49.be kept under constant review. The fundamentals of the legislation are
:06:50. > :06:56.still relevant. They are that if you want to discover who is in contact
:06:57. > :07:01.with whom, when you are following a terrorist suspect, I do not mean
:07:02. > :07:08.listening to the content of their calls, there is a ready framework
:07:09. > :07:12.for doing that. If you want to go further and read the messages or go
:07:13. > :07:18.into the phone call and listen to it, you have to have personal
:07:19. > :07:23.authority from the home secretary and one other Secretary of State. We
:07:24. > :07:26.have been assured by the Forum secretary that those two elements of
:07:27. > :07:34.law are still applicable. They are still fundamentally principal legal
:07:35. > :07:36.basis, despite the fact that the scale of the challenge and
:07:37. > :07:43.operations has been enlarged. I ll means keep it under review, but
:07:44. > :07:50.under mentally everyone is still operating under the rule of law
:07:51. > :07:55.Remember, they are also under the scrutiny not only of the
:07:56. > :08:00.intelligence committee, but the scrutiny of ministers because they
:08:01. > :08:02.have to sign warrant and under the information Commissioner who can
:08:03. > :08:09.review what the secretaries of State and the agencies are doing. And of
:08:10. > :08:13.course now in public. There is a wide gamut of scrutiny and
:08:14. > :08:19.accountability. Thank you very much for your time. Thank you.
:08:20. > :08:22.One new target for security agencies will be the new leader of the
:08:23. > :08:25.Pakistan Taliban. He's been named as Mullah Fazlullah, a hardline
:08:26. > :08:28.commander from the Swat area and the man who planned the attack on
:08:29. > :08:31.teenage activist Malala Yousafzai. His predecessor Hakimullah Mehsud
:08:32. > :08:39.was killed in a drone attack last Friday.
:08:40. > :08:45.This is the man apparently now in control of the Pakistan Taliban
:08:46. > :08:49.Mullah Fazlullah is regarded as being even more brutal than his
:08:50. > :08:56.predecessor. One of his more recent targets was this army general. He
:08:57. > :09:01.was visiting troops along the Pakistan, Afghan border in
:09:02. > :09:08.September. He and two other soldiers were killed by a roadside bomb.
:09:09. > :09:13.Mullah Fazlullah accuses the Pakistan army, intelligence agencies
:09:14. > :09:21.and the politicians of taking orders from what he calls infidels, another
:09:22. > :09:24.worse the West. In 2007, his fighters took control of the swat
:09:25. > :09:30.Valley and imposed an extremely harsh regime. Punishments from
:09:31. > :09:37.flogging is to be were carried out in public. He and his fighters were
:09:38. > :09:42.eventually pushed out by the army. The attacks since what still
:09:43. > :09:47.continue. The teenager Malala Yousafzai was amongst the victims,
:09:48. > :09:53.shot in the head for promoting education for girls. She survived
:09:54. > :09:56.after treatment in Britain. The announcement today that Mullah
:09:57. > :10:00.Fazlullah is to become the new leader of the Pakistan Taliban will
:10:01. > :10:05.be greeted with dismay by the vast majority of people here. Not least
:10:06. > :10:09.because the militants have also announced they now reject the
:10:10. > :10:24.government's tentative proposals for peace stocks.
:10:25. > :10:27.-- piece box. == peace talks. It was one of the year's most keenly
:10:28. > :10:30.anticipated stock market flotations and Twitter today exceeded
:10:31. > :10:33.expectations - its shares opening on the New York Stock Exchange almost
:10:34. > :10:36.73% above the price set ahead of its trading debut. It's the biggest
:10:37. > :10:39.market launch for a technology firm since Facebook went public in May
:10:40. > :10:45.last year. Our technology correspondent Rory Cellan Jones
:10:46. > :10:54.reports. Twitter takes flight on the New York stock exchange. Top actors
:10:55. > :10:59.signalled the start of trading. On the floor of the exchange, one of
:11:00. > :11:12.the founders of Twitter captures the excitement. Tweeting a video as the
:11:13. > :11:16.share price soldiers. It is such a simple tool yet people have done so
:11:17. > :11:20.many amazing things with that will stop the Twitter team has spent the
:11:21. > :11:23.last few weeks explaining to investors why a company which has
:11:24. > :11:32.yet to make a profit will be a great bet. It all began in 2006 with his
:11:33. > :11:37.tweet from one of the founders of Twitter in now has more than 25
:11:38. > :11:47.million users, ranging from presidents to celebrities. Twitter
:11:48. > :11:53.even tweeted the details of its own shares feel. Now it has to prove it
:11:54. > :11:57.is a serious business. Investors are already showing great faith that
:11:58. > :12:05.Twitter can start making big profits. That means users could soon
:12:06. > :12:10.find plenty of adverts amongst their tweets. With me is Lea Simpson,
:12:11. > :12:16.Strategy Director of THINK - a digital agency that consults on
:12:17. > :12:21.technology and social media. Are you as excited as the market is with
:12:22. > :12:25.this share price shooting up their smack I am excited. I'm a little bit
:12:26. > :12:34.disappointed that I did not buy shares myself. Especially when you
:12:35. > :12:38.contrast it with Facebook. Why is the valuation is so high when there
:12:39. > :12:44.are not yet making a profit as a company? I think the issue every
:12:45. > :12:50.chance of making a profit. Their early days of growth is probably
:12:51. > :12:56.what has driven the price up, their glory days are ahead of them. This
:12:57. > :13:04.book was making a profit. So it is all about potential, what they can
:13:05. > :13:09.do. What strategy do you think they have in mind to make revenue?
:13:10. > :13:14.Advertising is still the biggest revenue source for Twitter. There
:13:15. > :13:22.are lots of things they can do to make a more targeted and local.
:13:23. > :13:28.Aside from that, they can make data please towards commerce. There is
:13:29. > :13:37.the programme underway with American Express. Content distribution is
:13:38. > :13:43.another way to make money. Mobile phone advertising is a rapid growth
:13:44. > :13:49.area of residence. It is. This year shopping on mobiles overtook
:13:50. > :13:54.shopping on computers. Exciting times for them in commerce I
:13:55. > :14:00.imagine. There was a report this week in America which said, look at
:14:01. > :14:04.the demographic, people who use Twitter tend to be younger and
:14:05. > :14:08.better educated than those who use Facebook, that is a massive
:14:09. > :14:15.generalisation of mine, but potentially there is a lot of money
:14:16. > :14:22.on it? Yes, they are potentially more upwardly mobile. That is what
:14:23. > :14:26.advertisers are looking for. There are opportunities still to be
:14:27. > :14:33.capped. Ironically, they say there are more users on Facebook. At the
:14:34. > :14:40.types of user on Twitter is more valuable perhaps in the long run. I
:14:41. > :14:47.use Twitter, if you get promoted tweets, you think of it as a
:14:48. > :14:51.community, not a consumer on it That is a danger all social media
:14:52. > :14:59.can alienate their users by pushing commerce out there. Yes, the biggest
:15:00. > :15:04.challenge for the management team will be how they balance the drive
:15:05. > :15:08.to commercial value with their user experience and the integrity of
:15:09. > :15:18.their platform. I talk to clients about thinking about how to promote
:15:19. > :15:23.tweets. I wonder if Twitter could turn that into an advantage for
:15:24. > :15:27.them. There could be a revenue opportunity where you can pay to
:15:28. > :15:32.take adverts out of your Twitter stream. So that could be a revenue
:15:33. > :15:43.stream as well. Thank you very much for joining us. The embattled Mayor
:15:44. > :15:47.of Toronto, Rob Ford, faces fresh embarrassment, days after admitting
:15:48. > :15:53.crack cocaine whilst on a drunken binge. Another recording has emerged
:15:54. > :16:00.within the last few hours showing a mere world in an apparently agitated
:16:01. > :16:01.state staggering and making threats. Here's an extract in which we have
:16:02. > :16:26.edited out swearing. No holds barred! He dies I did! I'll
:16:27. > :16:29.claw his eyes out. Make sure he is dead. It will be over in five
:16:30. > :16:40.minutes. After that was published he had to
:16:41. > :16:51.come out and face the media outside his office. I wanted to tell you
:16:52. > :16:58.that I saw the video. It is extremely embarrassing. The whole
:16:59. > :17:04.world will see it. I don't have a problem with that, but it is
:17:05. > :17:16.extremely embarrassing. Obviously I was extremely, extremely inebriated.
:17:17. > :17:20.That is all I have to say. We can speak to the BBC
:17:21. > :17:25.correspondent in Toronto. You were at that news conference. I surprised
:17:26. > :17:33.he is still the mayor. What are the people of the city seeing? Everybody
:17:34. > :17:37.I have spoken to is surprised he is still the mayor.
:17:38. > :17:43.But he is. He is working in his office right now behind me. As you
:17:44. > :17:47.showed that footage, that scrum outside of his office, he came out
:17:48. > :17:53.not for very long and responded to the video, quite quickly after it
:17:54. > :17:57.was published. It was published by a newspaper here. That was all he had
:17:58. > :18:01.to say. It was only other in the week that he was at a news
:18:02. > :18:12.conference conflating that he smoked crack McCain. -- confessing that he
:18:13. > :18:15.smoked crack cocaine. Yasser Arafat's widow has told the
:18:16. > :18:18.BBC that the latest scientific report on his death proves that he
:18:19. > :18:21.was assassinated. Swiss scientists concluded that samples from the late
:18:22. > :18:24.Palestinian leader's remains showed a level of the radioactive substance
:18:25. > :18:39.polonium 210, 18 times higher than normal. Among Palestinians, rumours
:18:40. > :18:48.have persisted about how exactly you some of died nine years ago. --
:18:49. > :18:52.Yasser Arafat. So little surprise at the findings by Swiss scientist that
:18:53. > :18:56.they say moderately sub bought the idea he was poisoned with a
:18:57. > :19:05.radioactive substance. -- moderately support. This kind of thing has
:19:06. > :19:08.happened in the past. Whether by helicopter attacks, Apache attacks,
:19:09. > :19:16.or poisoning. If the experts say that, why disbelieve it? It makes
:19:17. > :19:24.even more sense. Nobody is surprised. We blame Israel, of
:19:25. > :19:31.course. Back in 2004 it was towards the end of the second Palestinian
:19:32. > :19:32.uprising, Israeli forces had surrounded and partly destroyed this
:19:33. > :19:42.building when the Palestinian leader, Yasser Arafat, suddenly fell
:19:43. > :19:46.ill. Israel has always denied any involvement in his death. But one
:19:47. > :19:50.year ago amidst new reports that he might have him killed, his body was
:19:51. > :19:55.exuding and samples were taken away for tests. Palestinian officials are
:19:56. > :20:00.not yet commenting on the results of the latest research. They say they
:20:01. > :20:02.will release the results of their own investigation very soon.
:20:03. > :20:05.Professor Malcolm Sperrin is Director of Medical Physics at the
:20:06. > :20:18.Royal Berkshire Hospital and an expert on polonium. I should ask you
:20:19. > :20:27.first, what is the lethal dose? The lethal dose of polonium is very
:20:28. > :20:33.very small. A sub microgram. About 250,000 times more toxic than
:20:34. > :20:36.cyanide. The lethal dose would be something comparable to a small
:20:37. > :20:47.grain of table salt. Extremely toxic. Could the symptoms be
:20:48. > :20:51.mistaken for something else? The symptoms, you would have to look
:20:52. > :20:57.back and see what he was suffering from at the time. But what you would
:20:58. > :21:06.expect from polonium, it the case with an half-life of 130 days. - it
:21:07. > :21:10.decays with a half-life. When tests well done you we would be looking
:21:11. > :21:25.and very much less than 1,000,0 0th of the amount of polonium if in fact
:21:26. > :21:29.it was Kevin. Was given. There are obviously very many sources of
:21:30. > :21:35.lead, which polonium decays to. It comes very difficult to extrapolate
:21:36. > :21:41.back and come up with an unambiguous answer. In the Lehmans terms, it
:21:42. > :21:51.sounds as if what you are seeing is that a suspect may have been found,
:21:52. > :21:57.a small amount. -- is Beck -- spec. It can be found in very small
:21:58. > :22:05.amounts. I don't doubt that has been found but it may have other origins.
:22:06. > :22:11.There are other possibilities. They need to be taken into account. Which
:22:12. > :22:16.is why I suggest the forensic scientist are putting caution over
:22:17. > :22:20.this particular conclusion. It sounds like it will be hard to have
:22:21. > :22:27.a definitive conclusion. If you were able to question these experts, what
:22:28. > :22:33.questions would you ask? I would like to see the data they have got.
:22:34. > :22:41.I don't suppose I will. But I would like to. Just to discuss what other
:22:42. > :22:43.possibilities are the aha. Without being too gruesome about it, in
:22:44. > :22:51.eight years, a body will DK substantially. -- decay. If a degree
:22:52. > :22:59.of that has occurred, you lose that evidence. On balance of probability,
:23:00. > :23:10.polonium poisoning, idea as it is one possibility. But there will be
:23:11. > :23:19.others. -- I dare say. Now a look at some of the days other
:23:20. > :23:22.news. Gay people who think they might be imprisoned in their home
:23:23. > :23:26.country because of their sexuality have been told they can seek asylum
:23:27. > :23:29.in Europe. The European Court of Justice made the ruling after it was
:23:30. > :23:32.asked for clarification by the Netherlands, where three gay men
:23:33. > :23:35.from Africa have applied for asylum. The most powerful typhoon of the
:23:36. > :23:38.year is fast-approaching the central Philippines as thousands of people
:23:39. > :23:41.evacuate from villages. Super typhoon Haiyan is generating gusts
:23:42. > :23:44.of 330 kilometres an hour and it's full force will be felt on Friday.
:23:45. > :23:47.President Aquino is warning people to leave high-risk areas, including
:23:48. > :23:53.100 coastal communities where forecasters said the storm surge
:23:54. > :23:56.could reach up to seven metres. It is going to be a task of
:23:57. > :23:59.extraordinary delicacy and danger, but engineers at Japan's Fukushima
:24:00. > :24:03.nuclear plant are beginning a key step to finally stabilise the first
:24:04. > :24:06.of the damaged reactors. There are more than 1000 nuclear rods. No one
:24:07. > :24:09.knows their condition or how stable they are. Each rod is a four
:24:10. > :24:14.metre-long tube containing uranium pellets. It's essential these tubes
:24:15. > :24:19.remain immersed in water inside casks as they are moved. The fear is
:24:20. > :24:24.some, or many, are damaged. Removing each batch of rods will take 7- 0
:24:25. > :24:27.days. They'll be placed in a newly built pool which has a cooling
:24:28. > :24:30.system. Our correspondent Rupert Wingfield-Hayes is one of a small
:24:31. > :24:40.group of journalists allowed inside reactor building four - for the
:24:41. > :24:48.first time since the disaster. This is really why we have been brought.
:24:49. > :24:51.I am standing on what used to be reactor number four. It was blown
:24:52. > :25:01.apart by a huge explosion after the sin nanny. -- tsunami. But still a
:25:02. > :25:11.vast amount of nuclear fuel down there. Those fuel rods have to come
:25:12. > :25:14.out. This whole building is still not entirely stable, so they have
:25:15. > :25:20.got to get them out, into safe storage. The machine they are going
:25:21. > :25:28.to use is currently being built Over behind this white tank. It is a
:25:29. > :25:33.very complicated use of machinery. It has to do a very delicate task,
:25:34. > :25:44.getting these fuel rods out. They will be lifted on the screen, built
:25:45. > :25:49.over the top. -- this train. All of this has been built in the last six
:25:50. > :25:56.months. The reason they can do this job is because the radiation levels
:25:57. > :26:00.in this building are relatively low. They are essentially doing the job
:26:01. > :26:07.that they can do to decommission this reactor. But the others, the
:26:08. > :26:12.radiation levels are still far too high for people to even go inside.
:26:13. > :26:21.They still don't know how they will decommission those three reactors.
:26:22. > :26:26.When we were inside reactor number four my monitor was reading about
:26:27. > :26:31.250 counts her second. This behind me as reactor number three. As we
:26:32. > :26:36.drove past that the radiation readings shot up to more than 2 00
:26:37. > :26:43.counts of a second. That is the problem. Those reactors are still
:26:44. > :26:46.too radioactive for anybody to go inside and start decommissioning.
:26:47. > :27:02.Thank you very much. Good evening. We have a chilly night ahead.
:27:03. > :27:09.Further showers around. Sunshine on the way tomorrow. Let's look at the
:27:10. > :27:15.big picture. Quite a brisk wind coming in from the west. Picking
:27:16. > :27:21.lots of moisture and producing these showers. They will increase in
:27:22. > :27:27.frequency overnight. Some will affect southern areas. Tomorrow a
:27:28. > :27:34.more persistent area of rain coming into south-east England. 3pm in the
:27:35. > :27:35.afternoon, some of the rain looks heavy, just in time for the evening