:00:00. > :00:12.This is BBC World News Today with me Zeinab Badawi. The biggest protest
:00:13. > :00:18.in Ukraine in ten years over the government's snub to the European
:00:19. > :00:21.Union. Opposition figures accused Russia of bullying the government
:00:22. > :00:26.into backing down on a trade deal with the EU. We ask the president of
:00:27. > :00:31.a former Soviet republic if that is the choice between the West or
:00:32. > :00:35.Moscow. He wrote's welcome for Iran's
:00:36. > :00:39.nuclear negotiators after I deal is signed that will see crippling
:00:40. > :00:44.sanctions eased within weeks. We look at the carrot and stick behind
:00:45. > :00:47.the diplomacy. 50 years on we hear how one
:00:48. > :01:02.photographer managed to capture the moment President Kennedy's assassin
:01:03. > :01:08.was himself shot dead. Protesters remain outside the
:01:09. > :01:11.primaries to's office in Ukraine tonight following the largest
:01:12. > :01:15.anti-government demonstrations since the Orange Revolution in 2004. They
:01:16. > :01:20.are angry at the government's decision to drop a trade and
:01:21. > :01:24.cooperation deal with the European Union, and within the past hour
:01:25. > :01:29.Ukraine's imprisoned opposition leader, Yulia Tymoshenko says she is
:01:30. > :01:34.going on hunger strike until the president signed the deal. Ukraine
:01:35. > :01:40.is torn between its old Northern Master, Russia, and its western
:01:41. > :01:42.neighbours in Europe. Ukraine's government has come under intense
:01:43. > :01:47.recent pressure from Moscow which has been threatening economic
:01:48. > :01:51.sanctions if Kiev signs the trade pact with the EU. Russia has its own
:01:52. > :01:56.customs union with Kazakhstan and Belarus, and once other former
:01:57. > :02:00.Soviet republics like Ukraine to sign up. More than 100,000
:02:01. > :02:08.Ukrainians have been making their voices heard over the past two
:02:09. > :02:12.days, numbers not seen since 2004 and 2005 during the pro-democracy
:02:13. > :02:16.Orange Revolution. Once again the anger in the
:02:17. > :02:21.Ukrainian capital of Kiev spilled over into scuffles and minor
:02:22. > :02:25.violence. The protesters here feel they are fighting for the future of
:02:26. > :02:28.the country, a European future, not a Russian future. They have been
:02:29. > :02:32.shocked into action by their government's decision to postpone an
:02:33. > :02:39.agreement to build closer ties with the European Union.
:02:40. > :02:43.TRANSLATION: We came to the streets to show them we're not afraid. If
:02:44. > :02:45.they do not sign it will be a catastrophe for this government. It
:02:46. > :02:49.will not be a catastrophe for the Ukraine because it will be signed
:02:50. > :02:55.eventually by this president or the next. You will get what we want.
:02:56. > :03:00.The country is divided on whether Ukraine's future should be with the
:03:01. > :03:06.European Union Russia. Those who favour Europe, like the heavyweight
:03:07. > :03:12.boxing champion turned politician, are certainly the most vocal at the
:03:13. > :03:18.moment. Yesterday's much bigger rally also ended in clashes between
:03:19. > :03:24.protesters and the police. At one point the crowd swelled to 100,000,
:03:25. > :03:29.and in scenes reminiscent of the Orange Revolution nine years ago,
:03:30. > :03:32.the demonstrators started setting up permanent encampments in the city
:03:33. > :03:39.centre, and attempts to secure a foothold for much bigger protests in
:03:40. > :03:42.the days ahead. No one knows whether the people of Ukraine have the
:03:43. > :03:53.desire or the energy to rise up again.
:03:54. > :03:59.We're joined now from Kiev by Lesya Orobets an opposition MP from the
:04:00. > :04:03.Batkivshchyna Party in Ukraine. Lesya Orobets, do you think these
:04:04. > :04:08.protests will be able to get the government to change its mind and
:04:09. > :04:14.signed that trade deal with the EU? We can pray and hope for that.
:04:15. > :04:19.Thousands of Ukrainians gather, peaceful right now, but I have
:04:20. > :04:25.breaking news. Right now the fight between 20,000 people who gathered
:04:26. > :04:30.in the centre of the capital and militia, special forces, are beating
:04:31. > :04:38.each other. We are informed about dozens of people beaten severely,
:04:39. > :04:49.and gas and batons were used against peaceful civilians.
:04:50. > :04:54.This is going on right now? We do use social networks like
:04:55. > :04:58.Facebook to coordinate our reactions, so I am informed right
:04:59. > :05:05.now that people are being suppressed. What was the
:05:06. > :05:10.official... It was the provocation of special services agents in the
:05:11. > :05:16.headquarters of these for gathering, and they were surrounded
:05:17. > :05:20.by people, and police attacks people.
:05:21. > :05:25.Thank you very much for giving us that update. And Yulia Tymoshenko,
:05:26. > :05:30.one of your party leaders, we have heard she has gone on strike. Tell
:05:31. > :05:36.us about that. The Ukrainian nation does support
:05:37. > :05:41.the position of Yulia Tymoshenko. We should bear in mind the
:05:42. > :05:50.responsibility for not signing the agreement lies upon a single person,
:05:51. > :05:53.the president to stop. Why do you not try to see your aim
:05:54. > :06:00.is achieved through Parliament and not on the street? There has been a
:06:01. > :06:03.democratic election in Ukraine. For months we have been trying to
:06:04. > :06:07.push hard the pro-European laws. There was a disaster as
:06:08. > :06:14.parliamentary majority failed to support any rule which was known to
:06:15. > :06:20.be a European one. The parliamentary session ended up with nothing. The
:06:21. > :06:22.thing that we need is the extraordinary session of the
:06:23. > :06:26.Parliament this Wednesday. But I do not know what will happen after
:06:27. > :06:31.these extraordinary events when police are beating peaceful
:06:32. > :06:36.civilians. And a former president of the
:06:37. > :06:43.Ukraine says he wants the European Union to speak up much more.
:06:44. > :06:49.Yes, and right now we have had the president who has made a public
:06:50. > :06:58.statement and our goal to stop. -- one hour ago. From his political
:06:59. > :07:03.language, he says, give us money. European money are known to be
:07:04. > :07:06.allocated for certain reforms, and for the Ukrainian government,
:07:07. > :07:12.rushing money is more welcome because it can be used for corrupt
:07:13. > :07:18.purposes. The only thing that can solve the situation is the threat of
:07:19. > :07:23.sanctions. Such as blocking the foreign accounts with money stolen
:07:24. > :07:31.from planning project by state officials.
:07:32. > :07:35.We cannot go down with corruption allegations which I'm sure the
:07:36. > :07:39.president would refute strongly. Lesya Orobets, thank you very much
:07:40. > :07:43.for talking to us. The demonstrations going on in Ukraine
:07:44. > :07:47.over the country's possible closer ties with the EU have exposed
:07:48. > :07:50.difficulties for some former sovereign republics with how they
:07:51. > :07:51.pursue their foreign relations. Do they look westwards towards possible
:07:52. > :08:48.EU membership and links with 1991 was when you got your
:08:49. > :08:52.independence will stop. I would say that looking at this
:08:53. > :08:57.excess of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania becoming among the most
:08:58. > :09:05.liberal democracies in Europe having left, and doing it through a process
:09:06. > :09:13.of integration, we have been in the EU and NATO for almost ten years,
:09:14. > :09:21.something as minor as an association agreement... We signed our agreement
:09:22. > :09:28.in 1995, but this is seen as a threat, a first step towards moving
:09:29. > :09:36.towards the West. Following fairly closely, I get a feeling that the
:09:37. > :09:41.Russian government is taking Samuel Huntington's clash of civilisations
:09:42. > :09:47.not as a description but rather as a prescriptive way of doing things,
:09:48. > :09:54.and looking at this in civilisation of terms which I think is all wrong.
:09:55. > :09:59.There were no objections to the three countries, are three countries
:10:00. > :10:04.signing an association agreement on was 20 years ago. There was a little
:10:05. > :10:10.bit of opposition to our joining the EU, but nothing of the sort.
:10:11. > :10:15.Why has it got to the stage where the Chancellor of Germany has had to
:10:16. > :10:23.say, it is not an either or relationship full stop it is not
:10:24. > :10:27.Russia or the West. But for some countries, it seems to be precisely
:10:28. > :10:32.that. In the technical side of trade
:10:33. > :10:37.relations, it is either or. You are open completely to one side or the
:10:38. > :10:41.other. That is the nature of trade agreements. But clearly there is no
:10:42. > :10:46.pressure at all from the European Union to break off cultural ties to
:10:47. > :10:54.any other country, that is an absurd allegation.
:10:55. > :11:02.Do you think that the EU, as I said to the former president in the
:11:03. > :11:09.Ukraine, he might want the EU to speak up more loudly. Do you think
:11:10. > :11:15.the EU should be speaking up more? I think that the European Union
:11:16. > :11:22.leadership has to figure out exactly how to respond. This is just a
:11:23. > :11:27.matter of days. We have been negotiating this agreement for two
:11:28. > :11:33.years. It is all done in good faith, and suddenly they say, we're not
:11:34. > :11:40.going to do this. Promised only a's point of view, it is clear that we
:11:41. > :11:48.do not stop our relations. On the other hand, we have put a lot of
:11:49. > :11:50.work into this whole issue. It is a negotiation process, and at the last
:11:51. > :11:55.moment someone says we are not going to do it.
:11:56. > :12:01.Briefly, what do you think will happen now? How do you think events
:12:02. > :12:06.will unfold? It is hard to predict. Firstly, it
:12:07. > :12:11.is important we continue the process with two countries that are well
:12:12. > :12:19.along, that is Moldova and Georgia stop. They cannot fall into the
:12:20. > :12:24.shadow of these events. Then we should see how Ukraine will approach
:12:25. > :12:30.these issues, because their problems are not going to Galway simply by
:12:31. > :12:37.giving into the kinds of pressure they have been under. It is quite
:12:38. > :12:44.clear from these demonstrations and public attitudes that a substantial
:12:45. > :12:48.percentage of Ukrainians would like to develop the kind of relationship
:12:49. > :12:57.with the EU that the others will get. They will want these free
:12:58. > :13:01.travel to the European Union. It is clear from this reaction people are
:13:02. > :13:11.far more upset than many of us thought they would be.
:13:12. > :13:14.Thank you very much indeed. And you alluded to the fact that Estonia is
:13:15. > :13:18.driving within the EU. Like you very much.
:13:19. > :13:24.Thailand has been rocked by anti-government sentiment. In the
:13:25. > :13:27.last few hours, the Thai Prime Minister Yingluck Shinawatra has
:13:28. > :13:29.invoked special powers after demonstrators forced their way into
:13:30. > :13:33.key ministries. Tens of thousands have been calling for her government
:13:34. > :13:42.to resign, accusing her of being a puppet for her brother, the former
:13:43. > :13:45.Prime Minister, Taksin Shinawatra. The street protests that began a
:13:46. > :13:49.month ago here burst out into new areas of the city, targeting
:13:50. > :13:54.ministries, television stations and the police headquarters. The goal
:13:55. > :13:59.this time is to force the government to resign. So often in
:14:00. > :14:03.Thailandrecent past, the police try to avoid confrontation. Once again
:14:04. > :14:09.the mood is heated and unpredictable. Elsewhere the crowds
:14:10. > :14:14.converged on various ministries, I'm into disrupt the government's work
:14:15. > :14:21.as much as possible. This was the Foreign Ministry earlier in the day.
:14:22. > :14:24.Later it was stormed and occupied. The first apartment to fall into the
:14:25. > :14:31.demonstrators' cans was this, the finance ministry, really argue the
:14:32. > :14:34.government Miss uses the budget. The police were conspicuous by their
:14:35. > :14:40.absence and the mood was almost festive, but there are still at a
:14:41. > :14:48.two Taksin Shinawatra was intense elsewhere.
:14:49. > :14:54.TRANSLATION: They have to get out. They are traitors who do nothing for
:14:55. > :15:00.the little people. No reflection here of the genuine
:15:01. > :15:05.popularity that Mr Taksin Shinawatra enjoys in much of the rest of the
:15:06. > :15:09.country. This man is a traditional power broker for the Democrats had
:15:10. > :15:16.no stranger to corruption scandals. He has now abandoned Parliament and
:15:17. > :15:23.is calling for what he sounds like an all-out insurrection.
:15:24. > :15:28.TRANSLATION: Rise up and sees all government places in a civilised way
:15:29. > :15:32.so that the regime can't work any more.
:15:33. > :15:34.Not for the first time we are seeing government departments occupied and
:15:35. > :15:40.the business of government paralysed. There is no end to this
:15:41. > :15:44.long-running crisis because so many people have lost faith in their
:15:45. > :15:48.institutions and their system of democracy. How this will end is
:15:49. > :16:03.anybody's guess. But it is hard to see it ending well.
:16:04. > :16:09.EU sanctions on Iran could be lifted as early as next month, as part of a
:16:10. > :16:12.nuclear deal with world powers. The six-month interim deal agreed in
:16:13. > :16:15.Geneva has prompted a fall in oil prices on markets. But Israel's
:16:16. > :16:17.prime minister has warned the agreement is an "historic mistake".
:16:18. > :16:20.Emily Buchanan has more. Whatever the international verdict
:16:21. > :16:23.on the deal, in Iran there was jubilation. Greetings to the
:16:24. > :16:27.Ambassador of peace, said the posters, as the country's Foreign
:16:28. > :16:33.Minister arrived home. Amongst the crowd, there was no sense of Iran
:16:34. > :16:37.bowing to pressure. In Geneva, all sides appeared relieved after days
:16:38. > :16:42.of intense negotiations. For Iran, the hope that crippling sanctions
:16:43. > :16:47.can at last be lifted. For the international community, a vital
:16:48. > :16:51.step forward in curbing Iran's nuclear ambitions. Under the
:16:52. > :16:54.preliminary agreement, Iran would neutralise its stockpile of 20%
:16:55. > :17:01.enriched uranium, and would halt the enrichment of uranium John 5%, which
:17:02. > :17:06.is well low the threshold needed for nuclear weapon is -- beyond 5%. The
:17:07. > :17:11.Israelis are calling it an historic mistake, making the world a more
:17:12. > :17:15.dangerous place. The key will be detailed verification that Iran
:17:16. > :17:18.sticks to its promises. The British foreign secretary said the deal was
:17:19. > :17:23.bound to have its critics but it was a necessary first step. We are right
:17:24. > :17:28.to test to the full Iran's readiness to act in good faith, to work with
:17:29. > :17:31.the international community and enter into international agreements.
:17:32. > :17:36.If they do not abide by those commitments, they will bear a heavy
:17:37. > :17:39.responsibility. If we did not take the opportunity to attempt such an
:17:40. > :17:43.agreement, we ourselves would be guilty of a grave error. The French
:17:44. > :17:48.say sanctions could be partially lifted as soon as next month. All
:17:49. > :17:52.sides have taken a big political risk with this deal, and it will be
:17:53. > :17:58.months before the real outcome is clear.
:17:59. > :18:01.With me now to examine the dynamics behind the diplomacy that unlocked
:18:02. > :18:07.this deal, we are joined by the former Iranian Diplomat and analyst
:18:08. > :18:10.Mehrdad Khonsari. And also here is the veteran foreign and diplomatic
:18:11. > :18:16.commentator Edward Mortimer, who was Communications Director for the UN
:18:17. > :18:21.Secretary General, Kofi Annan. Was it the stick of sanctions that
:18:22. > :18:28.essentially unblocked this deal? I think there is no question, it was
:18:29. > :18:33.the pressure that the Iranian regime could not bear any more. And the
:18:34. > :18:36.fact that contrary to conventional wisdom, people say that sanctions
:18:37. > :18:42.don't work, they have in fact worked in the case of Iran. It is the
:18:43. > :18:47.Iranian economy being on the verge of a knock-down, really, that has
:18:48. > :18:52.forced the government to seek a different alternative -- the verge
:18:53. > :18:57.of a meltdown. When you are looking at diplomatic endeavours, you have
:18:58. > :19:01.to have a bit of carrot and stick? Of course, but if the stick takes
:19:02. > :19:06.the form of sanctions, it gives you a carrot in the form of partially
:19:07. > :19:11.lifting sanctions. So this becomes an incentive and this is how the
:19:12. > :19:16.dynamics have worked in this case. The Iranians are suffering from
:19:17. > :19:20.sanctions, clearly, so the idea of these being lifted, or an escape
:19:21. > :19:25.from sanctions becomes a very powerful carrot. I just want to look
:19:26. > :19:30.at the personalities and how they worked this time. I know the EU
:19:31. > :19:35.foreign policy chief, Baroness Cathy Ashton, says, I have a style that is
:19:36. > :19:40.not very much out when it comes to diplomacy, very patient, speak
:19:41. > :19:47.softly but firmly and had a very good rapport with the Iranians. How
:19:48. > :19:53.important is this nullity? -- important is personality? It is very
:19:54. > :20:00.important. In the case of the Iranian negotiators, he came to the
:20:01. > :20:03.meetings with a different agenda, a different demeanour, looking to
:20:04. > :20:08.solve the problem and work towards it. His predecessor, who has a very
:20:09. > :20:17.important job as the head of the atomic energy agency in Mr Rohani's
:20:18. > :20:24.government, he was working under a different set of instructions. So
:20:25. > :20:28.the fact that Rohani was elected, the agenda changed and the agenda
:20:29. > :20:37.was to try to come with a different demeanour, a different approach,
:20:38. > :20:42.look to resolve this solution, this situation, as opposed to prolonging
:20:43. > :20:49.it. And that is what made this work. The personality of resident Hassan
:20:50. > :20:53.Rouhani, you are saying it is more westward looking, he studied in
:20:54. > :20:59.Scotland, that kind of thing -- president Hassan Rouhani. I think
:21:00. > :21:04.the necessity that the government Iran felt, that they could no longer
:21:05. > :21:11.pursue antagonism as a poster showing goodwill and a wants to
:21:12. > :21:16.resolve this. - as opposed to showing goodwill. Personalities can
:21:17. > :21:23.only have an effect within a given framework. Hassan Rouhani is an
:21:24. > :21:30.interesting personality but one wonders whether he would have been
:21:31. > :21:35.allowed it to -- allowed to stand had come any not decided they needed
:21:36. > :21:42.to change tack at the cars sanctions are too strong and affecting them
:21:43. > :21:47.too badly. Looking at the Americans, you have John Kerry, a lot of people
:21:48. > :21:51.speak of him as a one term Secretary of State, Barack Obama can't be
:21:52. > :21:53.elected again boast they might be looking at some kind of for
:21:54. > :22:02.themselves. To what extent the factors like that help? It is very
:22:03. > :22:10.important. President Obama, from the very beginning, he was looking for a
:22:11. > :22:12.way of trying to initiate some kind of ongoing relationship with the
:22:13. > :22:17.Iranian regime, to try to resolve things. Obviously he was turned
:22:18. > :22:25.back. The hand of friendship was turned back. I think Mr Kerry is
:22:26. > :22:31.lucky that he has emerged on the scene at a time when the Iranian
:22:32. > :22:41.government has, for absolutely practical reasons... He sees the
:22:42. > :22:46.need for that and is moving in that direction. With your textbook look
:22:47. > :22:55.at diplomatic breakthroughs, how does this fit in? I think it is a
:22:56. > :23:01.case where, the political stars were aligned and then the skilled
:23:02. > :23:07.diplomacy, the big virtue that comes through in this case is patience.
:23:08. > :23:16.Catherine Ashton and the people representing President Obama, Bill
:23:17. > :23:19.Burns and Sullivan, and the Iranian working in the White House, all
:23:20. > :23:27.these people have been at this for five years. And they had to wait
:23:28. > :23:31.until the ducks came into a row. It is no good being in too much of a
:23:32. > :23:36.hurry if you want to achieve results.
:23:37. > :23:45.Thank you very much for your insights on that diplomacy.
:23:46. > :23:49.Two days after President John F Kennedy was killed, the man arrested
:23:50. > :23:52.on suspicion of carrying out the assassination was himself shot dead.
:23:53. > :23:54.This image of Jack Ruby firing a gun at Lee Harvey Oswald is one of the
:23:55. > :23:57.most famous of the 20th century. This image of Jack Ruby firing a gun
:23:58. > :24:00.at Lee It was taken by the photographer for the Dallas
:24:01. > :24:01.Times-Herald, Bob Jackson, and won him the Pulitzer Prize for
:24:02. > :24:02.Photography. Times-Herald, Bob Jackson, and won
:24:03. > :24:06.him the Pulitzer He now lives in Denver, Colorado, and he spoke to
:24:07. > :24:09.the BBC about taking the shot of a lifetime - and why being a
:24:10. > :24:12.split-second slower than a competitor made all the difference.
:24:13. > :24:16.-- it won him the Pulitzer Prize for Photography.
:24:17. > :24:21.The police said, we are going to bring him down. You have about five
:24:22. > :24:25.minutes to get into position. I pre-focused my camera. All of a
:24:26. > :24:33.sudden somebody comes out to my right. Two steps, real fast. The
:24:34. > :24:38.police stepped out, Ruby went that were, fired and I punched the
:24:39. > :24:42.shutter. It was almost two o'clock by the time I got back to the paper.
:24:43. > :24:47.They called me over and they said, do you have anything as good as
:24:48. > :24:53.this? And it was Jack B's picture, which was already on The Wire. Jack
:24:54. > :24:58.always like to get a pie. He was standing on this little concrete
:24:59. > :25:01.wall behind us. I really think that is why he fired his camera when he
:25:02. > :25:08.did. Because he saw it happening first. I went in, I ran my film, the
:25:09. > :25:14.chief photographer is right outside the door. I remember letting out
:25:15. > :25:16.some sort -- him letting out some sort of a yell and that is when we
:25:17. > :25:36.realised we had beaten competition. We had rearranged for me to unload
:25:37. > :25:42.my cameras. -- we had prearranged. As we turned the corner onto
:25:43. > :25:47.Houston, we heard the first shot. It appears as though something has
:25:48. > :25:51.happened in the motorcade route. After the first shot, there were two
:25:52. > :25:57.more closer together. I looked right up at the depositary. I saw two men
:25:58. > :26:02.looking up above them and there was a rifle resting on the ledge, and he
:26:03. > :26:08.drew it in. I just thought, I missed the picture there. And it was pretty
:26:09. > :26:12.depressing. Even if I had had film in the camera, I don't think I could
:26:13. > :26:19.have sworn it up, focused and shot fast enough.
:26:20. > :26:29.After the assassination, I continued on as a news photographer. I had
:26:30. > :26:33.always had dreams of working for a big magazine and covering world
:26:34. > :26:38.events. Photographer Bob Jackson. That's all
:26:39. > :26:40.from the programme. Next, the weather. But for now, from me and
:26:41. > :27:02.the rest of the team, goodbye. Expect frost and some folk tonight.
:27:03. > :27:03.Where the skies stay clear for any length of time. -- and some