:00:00. > :00:07.This is BBC World News Today with me, Alice Baxter.
:00:08. > :00:15.Intense fighting in eastern Ukraine as President Putin visits Crimea,
:00:16. > :00:19.recently annexed by Russia. At least 20 people are thought to
:00:20. > :00:28.have died as Ukraine's government takes on pro-Russia separatists in
:00:29. > :00:34.Mariupol. Here at the police station seems to be the most serious
:00:35. > :00:38.incident so far in this city. There are still birdies on the streets
:00:39. > :00:41.waiting to be taken away. -- buddies. In Crimea, President Putin
:00:42. > :00:43.joins a military show of strength to mark the anniversary of the victory
:00:44. > :00:49.over Nazi Germany. Also coming up: Nigeria's abducted
:00:50. > :00:53.school girls - did the government fail to act on warnings about the
:00:54. > :00:58.raid? We'll be talking to a Nigerian presidential spokesman.
:00:59. > :01:01.First day at work in a care home - we'll find out how the former
:01:02. > :01:06.Italian Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi has fared as he starts
:01:07. > :01:09.community service. And how do you stop students
:01:10. > :01:10.cheating in exams? Harvard University's asking them to promise
:01:11. > :01:31.not to. Hello, and welcome. More than 20
:01:32. > :01:34.people, thought to be mainly pro-Russian demonstrators, have been
:01:35. > :01:39.killed in the eastern Ukrainian city of Mariupol. The government says its
:01:40. > :01:43.troops responded when activists tried to take over the police
:01:44. > :01:46.headquarters. Our correspondent Richard Galpin and cameraman Tony
:01:47. > :01:51.Fallshaw were caught up in the crossfire on the streets of the
:01:52. > :01:57.city. Their report contains images you may find distressing.
:01:58. > :02:01.GUNFIRE. Video the BBC believes to be showing
:02:02. > :02:05.victory Day in Mariupol turning into a bloodbath. Ukrainian troops
:02:06. > :02:11.fighting a pitch battle with pro-Russian separatists in the city
:02:12. > :02:16.centre. The military brings in reinforcements as the battle
:02:17. > :02:19.intensifies. But pro-Russian activists rush out onto the streets,
:02:20. > :02:26.trying to stop the reinforcements going through. This man makes a
:02:27. > :02:34.fatal error, walking out into the middle of the street. He is shot in
:02:35. > :02:37.the chest. When we arrived on the scene, we discovered the battle had
:02:38. > :02:40.been over this building, the police headquarters, which according to
:02:41. > :02:47.officials had been occupied by pro-Russian rebels who refuse to
:02:48. > :02:51.leave. The fighting here at the police station seems to be the most
:02:52. > :02:59.serious incident so far here in this city. There are still bodies on the
:03:00. > :03:02.streets waiting to be taken away. In the aftermath of the intense
:03:03. > :03:07.fighting, people gathered outside in a state of shock. They were
:03:08. > :03:13.pro-Russian, and said the killing here was indiscriminate. This woman
:03:14. > :03:21.tells me "Only Russia, no-one else, can now protect them." "Why hasn't
:03:22. > :03:25.President Putin come here so far?" She says. The Ukrainian military
:03:26. > :03:31.seems to be stepping up its operation to push the pro-Russian
:03:32. > :03:35.rebels out of this city. But it won't be easy, and there are many
:03:36. > :03:42.other towns and cities which have yet to be cleared.
:03:43. > :03:46.Vladimir Putin has marked one of Russia's most important
:03:47. > :03:49.anniversaries by making his first visit to Crimea since the former
:03:50. > :03:56.Ukrainian region voted to join Russia in March. On the day when
:03:57. > :03:59.Russians celebrate the country's victory over Nazi Germany, he told a
:04:00. > :04:03.cheering crowd in Sevastopol that 2014 would go down in history as the
:04:04. > :04:12.year when Crimeans decided to be together with Russia. Daniel
:04:13. > :04:16.Sandford was there. President Vladimir Putin, the first
:04:17. > :04:21.Russian leader in almost 70 years to expand his territory, arriving today
:04:22. > :04:24.in Crimea. CHEERING.
:04:25. > :04:29.As Russian air force jets roared overhead in triumph. It was the
:04:30. > :04:35.first time he had come here since he annexed the peninsula less than two
:04:36. > :04:39.months ago. TRANSLATION: I am sure that 2014 will be written into the
:04:40. > :04:43.history of this city and our whole country as the year when the people
:04:44. > :04:53.who live here made the firm decision to be together with Russia. And then
:04:54. > :04:59.he stepped out into the crowd of tens of thousands of delighted
:05:00. > :05:03.patriotic Sevastopol residents. With its long history as the home of the
:05:04. > :05:09.Black Sea fleet, this is Crimea's most Russian city. It was a display
:05:10. > :05:12.of defiance by President Putin, coming to Sevastopol in the face of
:05:13. > :05:15.international opposition to his annexation of Crimea, knowing full
:05:16. > :05:22.well that the people here supported what he did.
:05:23. > :05:26.MARCHING BAND PLAYS. Today was victory Day in Crimea and
:05:27. > :05:32.across the old Soviet Union, the day people celebrate the defeat of Nazi
:05:33. > :05:35.Germany. But with Crimea gone and parts of his country in flames, the
:05:36. > :05:38.Ukrainian Prime Minister said today history was repeating itself, with
:05:39. > :05:39.its people facing a different form of fascism. Daniel Sandford, BBC
:05:40. > :05:55.News, Sevastopol. With me now is a Russian
:05:56. > :06:04.commentator. Let's begin with events in Mariupol.
:06:05. > :06:08.Sad and symbolic perhaps that we saw this happening on today of all
:06:09. > :06:13.days, victory Day. The details remain sketchy, but how far does
:06:14. > :06:18.this show is key is trying to take back control of eastern Ukraine?
:06:19. > :06:22.That is exactly what it shows, and it shows how difficult this is as a
:06:23. > :06:28.joke that the military in Kiev. Part of the problem is that the local
:06:29. > :06:32.people don't want to cooperate. There is huge entity kilos feeling
:06:33. > :06:39.there. It is very difficult. Right-mac we're seeing in that
:06:40. > :06:45.report cheering crowds in Crimea, welcoming President Putin as he made
:06:46. > :06:49.this speech. We have seen President Putin very visibly there. To what
:06:50. > :06:55.degree can we draw parallels with what is happening in Crimea in terms
:06:56. > :06:56.of Britain's involvement and support of what is happening. We can now
:06:57. > :07:10.join the news that is an interesting question. The
:07:11. > :07:16.contrast was so clear. On the one hand, you have Putin using victory
:07:17. > :07:21.Day to go down to Crimea and basking in his triumphant, to the universal
:07:22. > :07:29.approval of the crowds. In eastern Ukraine, you had as somebody pointed
:07:30. > :07:36.out, no Vladimir Putin. He did not say, even in his speech in Crimea in
:07:37. > :07:42.his speech at Moscow, he did not mention Ukraine. I think that is
:07:43. > :07:48.hugely significant. It does suggest that all of the talk of Russia and
:07:49. > :07:51.Vladimir Putin in particular ability to intervene in eastern Ukraine is
:07:52. > :07:59.actually not true. That is not his preference. Right-mac in recent
:08:00. > :08:04.days, we have seen this softening of talent when it comes to his rhetoric
:08:05. > :08:09.regarding eastern Ukraine and the upcoming referendums. What you think
:08:10. > :08:14.we can read into that softening of tone? Is this an impact of these
:08:15. > :08:19.economic sanctions we have seen with people and organisations close to
:08:20. > :08:23.the only Briton? There are certainly officials who
:08:24. > :08:25.would like to think that. I do not share that view, and I do not share
:08:26. > :08:31.the view either that Vladimir Putin has done a U-turn on his views of
:08:32. > :08:35.Ukraine in general. I tend to think that Britain had one priority in
:08:36. > :08:42.Ukraine, and that was Russia's security. -- in Britain. Actually
:08:43. > :08:48.going into Ukraine, he would damage that security. Ukraine enhanced its
:08:49. > :08:53.security because it keeps Russia's on its black sea bass. In eastern
:08:54. > :08:57.Ukraine, the risks are so colossal that I think it would take a huge
:08:58. > :09:02.amount, a much greater level of disorder in eastern Ukraine,
:09:03. > :09:06.Professor can-mac would intervene. Right-mac looking ahead on Sunday,
:09:07. > :09:12.we are expecting the referendums on succession. We are no longer in
:09:13. > :09:27.expecting money car keys. But you think will happen during those
:09:28. > :09:31.referendums? Kharkiv. Vladimir Putin has flagged that he asked for the
:09:32. > :09:36.referendums to be delayed. He was under no obligation to endorse the
:09:37. > :09:42.results. That leaves open some possibilities. Interesting. Many
:09:43. > :09:44.thanks for coming in. The human rights group Amnesty
:09:45. > :09:48.International alleges the Nigerian authorities were warned in advance
:09:49. > :09:52.about a raid on a school but failed to act. The attack led to the
:09:53. > :09:56.abduction of more than 200 schoolgirls. Meanwhile, British and
:09:57. > :09:59.US teams have arrived in Nigeria to help with the search for the girls.
:10:00. > :10:05.Here's our security correspondent, Gordon Corera.
:10:06. > :10:08.Bring back! Our girls! Passions run high at a protest
:10:09. > :10:13.outside the Nigerian High Commission in London today. Anger at both Boko
:10:14. > :10:19.Haram for kidnapping the schoolgirls, and the Nigerian
:10:20. > :10:28.government for its slow response. They are innocent children! Boko
:10:29. > :10:31.Haram, what have we done to you? It is a total, total disgrace what the
:10:32. > :10:34.government has done. It was three weeks ago. They could have done
:10:35. > :10:37.something three weeks ago. Today, more reasons for anger. Amnesty
:10:38. > :10:40.International claimed that the Nigerian authorities received four
:10:41. > :10:45.hours' warning about the raid on the school, but still failed to act. And
:10:46. > :10:49.the father of one abducted girl claimed in an interview with the BBC
:10:50. > :10:54.that some of the teachers had made sure their daughters at the school
:10:55. > :10:57.were safe. The staff who are working there, they have daughters at school
:10:58. > :11:00.there, and none of their daughters were kidnapped because they had the
:11:01. > :11:08.information earlier, and they sent away their daughters home. They left
:11:09. > :11:13.the rest of the daughters there, and then Boko Haram came in and
:11:14. > :11:19.kidnapped them. Bring back our girls.
:11:20. > :11:22.Four weeks on, and anger over the abduction of the girls is growing
:11:23. > :11:25.here and around the world. With it, demands for action. Britain and
:11:26. > :11:29.other countries have sent small teams to help, but it's not clear
:11:30. > :11:33.how much they will really be able to do. Part of the role of those
:11:34. > :11:37.British and American teams is to help in the search for the girls
:11:38. > :11:39.taken from Chibok. This will involve using high-tech intelligence,
:11:40. > :11:45.including satellite and aerial reconnaissance, maybe also drones.
:11:46. > :11:48.But it has been a month. The search area is huge, and includes difficult
:11:49. > :11:54.terrain, especially the Sambisa Forest, where Boko Haram have their
:11:55. > :11:57.hideouts. Foreign teams will also be trying to improve security to
:11:58. > :12:00.prevent more abductions, and trying to persuade the Nigerians to adopt a
:12:01. > :12:05.more subtle counter-insurgency strategy. But their poor human
:12:06. > :12:11.rights record mean there are limits on how far Britain and America can
:12:12. > :12:14.cooperate with them. So despite the arrival of foreign help, the
:12:15. > :12:16.Nigerians are still in charge, and it's still not clear what they want
:12:17. > :12:26.to or are able to do. We can now go live to Abuja and
:12:27. > :12:36.speak to Doyin Okupe, the spokesman for the Nigerian President Goodluck
:12:37. > :12:41.Jonathan. Thanks for joining us. Let's begin with the allegation made
:12:42. > :12:45.in that report by Amnesty International saying it believes the
:12:46. > :12:51.Nigerian military government had advanced warning of more than four
:12:52. > :12:59.hours of the attack on the school. Yet reinforcements were not sent.
:13:00. > :13:06.How do you respond? Thank you. This news broke a couple of hours ago,
:13:07. > :13:11.and I have had the opportunity to consult with the authorities in
:13:12. > :13:19.Abuja. They have actually demanded this statement. They have said this
:13:20. > :13:24.is untrue. I believe in the next couple of minutes, I am sure the
:13:25. > :13:30.defence headquarters will be making an official statement on this
:13:31. > :13:36.matter. From what I know, you will recall that a couple of months ago,
:13:37. > :13:42.Amnesty International also did come up with some negative information
:13:43. > :13:47.about the Nigerian army during the episode where several thousands of
:13:48. > :13:54.people were killed. Amnesty International insisted that these
:13:55. > :14:04.people do this, and evidence pointed out that that was not true. The
:14:05. > :14:08.evidence initially put together by Amnesty International turned out to
:14:09. > :14:19.be false. If you go by that record, I am not surprised that this is also
:14:20. > :14:25.one of the antics trying to spoil the Nigerian military. I understand
:14:26. > :14:31.you refute the claim being made, but they have also said that
:14:32. > :14:35.reinforcements were not sent on this occasion because of a reported fear
:14:36. > :14:41.of engaging with the often better equipped armed groups. Why is Boko
:14:42. > :14:46.Haram better equipped than the Nigerian government? Why are they so
:14:47. > :14:53.powerful? Who is them? Thank you very much. This is a statement that
:14:54. > :14:58.has often been repeated. You must understand that the Nigerian army is
:14:59. > :15:05.a professional army, and is a highly disciplined army. In the Army, the
:15:06. > :15:16.greats of equipment and machinery that soldiers can carry during the
:15:17. > :15:19.affair. -- grades. Boko Haram is undisciplined and does not conform
:15:20. > :15:26.to international rules of engagement and can carry rocket propelled
:15:27. > :15:32.grenades and machine guns. This is not allowed under international law,
:15:33. > :15:38.not because they are not responsible to anyone, they can do that. The
:15:39. > :15:44.Nigerian army still has the capability to overpower them as in
:15:45. > :15:54.every case. The Nigerian army prevailed. That is why they we're
:15:55. > :16:03.ready to push them out of the States in order to run the state. They are
:16:04. > :16:05.better armed. But what people are seeing a rocket propelled grenades
:16:06. > :16:12.that nobody uses in any professional area.
:16:13. > :16:18.Mr Okupe, I want to ask you briefly about the globalisation of the
:16:19. > :16:22.search for the girls. President Girdler Jonathan has recently
:16:23. > :16:30.accepted help from the United States, Britain, China and France.
:16:31. > :16:37.Is that an admission that your own efforts have been ineffective? That
:16:38. > :16:42.is not correct. Most world leaders have considered the fact that
:16:43. > :16:48.wherever there is insecurity brought about by terrorists, the whole world
:16:49. > :17:00.should come together and fight it together. After all, the flight that
:17:01. > :17:06.crashed in Malaysia, MH370, it wasn't because the Malaysian
:17:07. > :17:10.government was incapable, it was because of empathy, people brought
:17:11. > :17:15.what they could to help. This is not about the Nigerian government or
:17:16. > :17:23.military. We are all against this menace and we are fighting together.
:17:24. > :17:26.And I think it is to change now, unless there are other ulterior
:17:27. > :17:31.motives, why would people want to put down the Nigerian government?
:17:32. > :17:39.The United States, Great Britain, France and Canada have agreed to
:17:40. > :17:46.work together and we should be using this instead of looking for ways to
:17:47. > :17:50.bring down the Nigerian government. Mr Okupe, many thanks for joining me
:17:51. > :17:57.here on the programme. Now a look at some of the day's
:17:58. > :18:01.other news. The leaders of the warring factions
:18:02. > :18:05.in South Sudan have both arrived in Ethiopia for face-to-face peace
:18:06. > :18:08.talks. Rebel leader Riek Machar has already met with the Ethiopian Prime
:18:09. > :18:21.Minister, who is mediating the talks. South Sudan's President Salva
:18:22. > :18:24.Kiir is also in Addis Adaba. A ballistics expert at the murder
:18:25. > :18:27.trial of South African athlete Oscar Pistorius has questioned the
:18:28. > :18:30.prosecution's version of how he shot his girlfriend. Defence witness Tom
:18:31. > :18:32.Wolmarans said wounds show Reeva Steenkamp may have been standing
:18:33. > :18:36.when first shot, and still falling when the last shot hit her. That
:18:37. > :18:38.contradicted evidence by the prosecution's police ballistics
:18:39. > :18:42.expert, who said Ms Steenkamp sat on a magazine rack, attempting to
:18:43. > :18:55.protect her head with her arms when the last shot hit her. More from
:18:56. > :18:58.South Africa now. The ruling ANC is headed for a comfortable win as
:18:59. > :19:01.vote-counting in the elections drew to a close. With nearly 99% of South
:19:02. > :19:05.Africa's voting districts counted, the African National Congress had
:19:06. > :19:08.over 62% percent of the vote - slightly lower than its result in
:19:09. > :19:10.2009. The BBC's Andrew Harding reports from South Africa.
:19:11. > :19:14.Elections over, and it is back to work in a country anxious for
:19:15. > :19:17.change. Many businesses, big and small, say they are struggling here
:19:18. > :19:21.in South Africa. With an unskilled workforce, restrictive labour laws
:19:22. > :19:24.and mixed messages from government. I think they need to create an
:19:25. > :19:29.atmosphere that is pro-business, that allows small entrepreneurs to
:19:30. > :19:35.enter the market and flourish. It would be good to see corruption
:19:36. > :19:38.disappear. I think corruption is the rot of everything and from there,
:19:39. > :19:41.everything else just goes pear-shaped. And a better education
:19:42. > :19:48.system to provide more educated workers? It would be great. It would
:19:49. > :19:54.be helpful. So can the governing ANC deliver? Today, it is celebrating a
:19:55. > :19:57.reduced but decisive election victory and is promising to use that
:19:58. > :19:59.mandate to push through a big pro-business reform programme,
:20:00. > :20:05.focusing on investment and infrastructure. It is going to be, I
:20:06. > :20:09.think, quite an exciting and robust development of the economy in South
:20:10. > :20:18.Africa, as long as we stick to the plans that we have, which I think
:20:19. > :20:23.are very good plans. But there is the problem. After the bloodshed of
:20:24. > :20:26.Marikana, tensions remain high in the crucial mining sector. The
:20:27. > :20:33.Government seems reluctant to confront its trade union partners, a
:20:34. > :20:40.recipe perhaps for more uncertainty. I think it will be more of the same.
:20:41. > :20:44.And I think it will be a tough job for us in Parliament to hold the ANC
:20:45. > :20:47.accountable, to keep it on its toes, and to make sure that, where
:20:48. > :20:53.possible, it does implement those critical policy interventions. The
:20:54. > :20:57.public have made it clear in this election that they have not yet lost
:20:58. > :20:59.faith in the ANC, but the Government will now be under growing pressure
:21:00. > :21:07.to deliver on tackling unemployment and corruption. That is the problem,
:21:08. > :21:12.jobs. At my age now, I am 40 years old, it has been ten years not
:21:13. > :21:16.working. So I think they will be more jobs than this one. So maybe
:21:17. > :21:22.our poverty might be a little bit nicer. So things might get better?
:21:23. > :21:32.Thank you very much, sir. Some optimism, then, and lots of hard
:21:33. > :21:35.work ahead. Italy's former Prime Minister Silvio
:21:36. > :21:38.Berlusconi has completed the first day of the community service he was
:21:39. > :21:48.ordered to do after being found guilty of tax fraud. David Willey
:21:49. > :21:51.has more from Rome. The media turned out in force to
:21:52. > :21:57.watch Mr Berlusconi begin his first four-hour weekly stint at the care
:21:58. > :22:04.home for the elderly. His bodyguards weren't allowed inside. The former
:22:05. > :22:07.Italian Prime Minister had been warned by justice authorities not to
:22:08. > :22:14.give interviews and he arrived and left without saying a word. He was
:22:15. > :22:21.originally sentenced to four years in prison, but this has been
:22:22. > :22:29.commuted to community service. One protester shouted out that the media
:22:30. > :22:32.magnate ought to be in jail. A regular volunteer at the care home
:22:33. > :22:40.was unhappy about all the publicity Mr Berlusconi still gets, despite
:22:41. > :22:47.his conviction for fraud. Italian criminal law is lenient to offenders
:22:48. > :22:50.over 70 years of age. Mr Berlusconi has been stripped of his seat in
:22:51. > :22:55.parliament after his conviction for tax fraud by one of his media
:22:56. > :22:59.companies. Yet he still intends to lead the political campaign on
:23:00. > :23:09.behalf of his Forza Italia party in the forthcoming European elections.
:23:10. > :23:14.And now, how do you stop students cheating in exams and stealing
:23:15. > :23:16.essays from the internet? There's been growing concern about the
:23:17. > :23:19.so-called Google generation's academic habits and now Harvard
:23:20. > :23:26.University is going to introduce an "honour code" in which students will
:23:27. > :23:29.promise not to cheat. The Ivy League university faced a major scandal two
:23:30. > :23:36.years ago, with dozens of students disciplined for sharing answers in a
:23:37. > :23:42.take-home politics exam. Joining me is Mike Reddy, from the
:23:43. > :23:45.University of Wales. He's a member of the academic network of the
:23:46. > :23:48.Plagiarism Advisory Service in the UK, and an advisor to Turn-it-in, a
:23:49. > :23:56.company which has created software to help detect student plagiarism.
:23:57. > :24:04.Many thanks for joining me. So honour codes, "I promise not to
:24:05. > :24:08.cheat" , they are hardly binding. Do they work? It is Don McCabe, from
:24:09. > :24:15.brokers University, he has done research over the last few decades
:24:16. > :24:18.and has found there is a small amount in the difference plagiarism
:24:19. > :24:22.and academic offences in universities with honour codes, but
:24:23. > :24:26.he has also found that unless there is an ethos or a culture of honesty,
:24:27. > :24:31.introducing an honour code at a late stage isn't in any way affected.
:24:32. > :24:36.Give us a sense of the scale of the problem. How big an issue is
:24:37. > :24:41.Internet plagiarism now when it comes to academic work in
:24:42. > :24:45.University, across the globe? You have do remember we are in a very
:24:46. > :24:50.different culture to when I went to university, when you would have to
:24:51. > :24:54.wade through shelves of abstracts and wait weeks for a paper to come
:24:55. > :25:01.back. Now you can get 50 papers in five seconds with a click and a few
:25:02. > :25:05.presses on a keyboard. So it is a very different culture and obviously
:25:06. > :25:08.we need to make use of the Internet, it is a fantastic resource but
:25:09. > :25:14.unfortunately it has a dark side to and it makes it easier to copy and
:25:15. > :25:19.paste. But also easier to detect. It is a truly international problem.
:25:20. > :25:22.And presumably other problem is a lot of the students are Parmar
:25:23. > :25:28.Internet savvy these days than their lecturers and teachers? --far more
:25:29. > :25:32.Internet savvy. This is a good point, we need to be engaging in
:25:33. > :25:36.teaching with these technologies because students are used to using
:25:37. > :25:41.them in their everyday lives. They take them for granted where it still
:25:42. > :25:44.seems like magic to me. The thing for us old fuddy-duddies is to keep
:25:45. > :25:51.learning and talking and developing. There is a conference in Newcastle
:25:52. > :25:57.this year, the International Plagiarism Conference, where people
:25:58. > :26:03.come from all over the world to discuss new ways of educating
:26:04. > :26:07.students to prevent Majorism and collusion as a possible offence.
:26:08. > :26:14.Presumably, there is the problem that we can create software to
:26:15. > :26:18.detect the problem but then students will get better at plagiarising.
:26:19. > :26:23.Does this call for a reassessment in the way in which we grade students
:26:24. > :26:29.or assess students, that we need a new way of testing them? There is a
:26:30. > :26:32.movement called Assessment For Learning, where they say it
:26:33. > :26:36.shouldn't just be a measurement of your performance but wait for you to
:26:37. > :26:41.load while doing the assessment. It an interesting point about students
:26:42. > :26:45.getting better at plagiarising. It is like getting better at driving.
:26:46. > :26:50.Universities are like teaching you for your driving test, you never
:26:51. > :26:57.afterwards drive... Mr Reddy, I am sorry, we have to leave it there.
:26:58. > :27:06.You are watching Bbc World News. Overnight, A new area of high
:27:07. > :27:07.pressure will bring rain across the