:00:00. > :00:09.This is BBC World News Today with me, Kasia Madera.
:00:10. > :00:13.A 72-hour truce in Gaza seems to be holding, but what now for the
:00:14. > :00:15.residents returning home to bury their dead and rebuild their lives?
:00:16. > :00:17.The international community continues its calls
:00:18. > :00:27.The senseless cycle of suffering in Gaza and the West Bank as well
:00:28. > :00:39.More gains in Iraq for the Islamic State - oilfields and a dam.
:00:40. > :00:40.Are the fighters formerly known as ISIS,
:00:41. > :00:42.fast becoming the best-resourced militant group in history?
:00:43. > :00:44.We'll be talking live to UNICEF in Iraq.
:00:45. > :00:46.Close encounters with a comet far, far away...
:00:47. > :00:49.After a 6 billion kilometre journey, a European space probe sends back
:00:50. > :00:51.its first close-up pictures from somewhere between the orbits
:00:52. > :01:00.An aspirin a day keeps the doctor away, and, it seems, reduces
:01:01. > :01:25.The 72-hour ceasefire in Gaza is in its second day -
:01:26. > :01:29.the longest lull in fighting since the conflict began four weeks ago.
:01:30. > :01:32.More than 1,900 people have died and hundreds of thousands have been
:01:33. > :01:39.displaced, and many of them no longer have a home to return to.
:01:40. > :01:42.The United Nations has been sheltering tens of thousands
:01:43. > :01:44.of people in school buildings, but as our Middle East
:01:45. > :01:47.correspondent Orla Guerin reports from Jabalia, some families are
:01:48. > :01:49.facing fresh uncertainty about where they can find refuge.
:01:50. > :02:01.Her report contains images you may find distressing.
:02:02. > :02:06.Families who fled Israeli shelling now having to leave
:02:07. > :02:11.a UN school where they thought they had found refuge.
:02:12. > :02:14.At Jabalia Elementary Boys School, they told us UN staff said they
:02:15. > :02:28.Today they announced on the school microphone there will
:02:29. > :02:30.be no services, no food or water, said Mr Yousef.
:02:31. > :02:33.Those who want to leave can leave, we are not responsible
:02:34. > :02:37.Do any of you have homes left standing to go back to?
:02:38. > :02:44.Well, these families say they are in effect being given no choice
:02:45. > :02:49.They tell us they have been told there is accommodation available
:02:50. > :02:51.in government schools, but they say these schools are close
:02:52. > :02:56.to the Israeli border and to Palestinian training camps.
:02:57. > :03:01.They say it is a front-line area and no place for children.
:03:02. > :03:06.UN schools have sheltered almost 300,000 people during this conflict.
:03:07. > :03:09.It is unclear why desperate families at the school were threatened with
:03:10. > :03:16.That is not our policy, that is not what will happen.
:03:17. > :03:19.Food for that area simply has not been
:03:20. > :03:23.Similarly, I am checking on water but it should
:03:24. > :03:31.But generations of this family were terrified of losing the roof
:03:32. > :03:40.72 relatives now call this classroom home.
:03:41. > :03:43.They are kicking us out of here, said Zainab.
:03:44. > :03:51.Where should the women and children go?
:03:52. > :03:55.They started packing hoping to join relatives at another UN school.
:03:56. > :03:58.Two family members died there in shelling, but they said it was
:03:59. > :04:06.Then they got word it was already full.
:04:07. > :04:09.Nearby, we found five-year-old Mohammed who is paralysed.
:04:10. > :04:15.His devoted mother Sara was trying to keep the flies off of his face.
:04:16. > :04:29.She told us she is worried that he may not survive.
:04:30. > :04:31.Indirect talks between Israeli and Palestinian representatives,
:04:32. > :04:33.to negotiate an extension to the current ceasefire,
:04:34. > :04:37.The Israeli government say its objectives in Gaza
:04:38. > :04:40.and its aim to "return quiet and security" to the people
:04:41. > :04:43.Our correspondent Wyre Davies reports from the Israel-Gaza border
:04:44. > :05:03.on how locals feel about the chance of lasting peace.
:05:04. > :05:12.In an era. An older daughter will never see her father again and her
:05:13. > :05:19.two sons fantasise about becoming super egos so that they can bring
:05:20. > :05:24.back their father. 36-year-old man, he was an Army reservist and killed
:05:25. > :05:31.during a battle with militants inside Gaza. I had mixed feelings. I
:05:32. > :05:37.did not want him to go down there but I understood there was no other
:05:38. > :05:42.option for the sake of our country, because if we do not protect
:05:43. > :05:48.ourselves, we are doomed. The sense of vulnerability is felt most
:05:49. > :05:58.acutely in these areas near Gaza weather has been both a human and
:05:59. > :06:04.economic cost. Here, crops have been lost and residents have fled. We
:06:05. > :06:11.cannot let them win. We will remain here in the fields and with the
:06:12. > :06:17.children that know how to go to a shelter when they are three years
:06:18. > :06:22.old. This is the fourth war Israel has fought with Gaza in the space of
:06:23. > :06:27.less than ten years. Whilst these Israeli communities right up against
:06:28. > :06:28.the Gaza border support the actions of the government, they expect
:06:29. > :06:30.another the Gaza border support the actions
:06:31. > :06:34.of the government, they expect war in two or three years time because
:06:35. > :06:39.the problems behind the crisis are not being addressed. Toksvig Egypt
:06:40. > :06:44.in to extend the three-day cease-fire and the firepower of
:06:45. > :06:48.Israel has been pulled back from Gaza but it is not in any position
:06:49. > :06:54.to claim a victory says one of the biggest critics of the government.
:06:55. > :06:59.As long as this siege on Gaza continues and as long as life in
:07:00. > :07:03.Gaza will be like life in a cage, the life of Israel will not be
:07:04. > :07:09.secure, this is a basic understanding. Benjamin Netanyahu
:07:10. > :07:14.this evening spoke for the first time since the cease-fire was
:07:15. > :07:22.announced. As you'll be played regrets every civilian casualty.
:07:23. > :07:28.Every single one. We do not target them or seek them. The people of
:07:29. > :07:33.Gaza are not our enemy. This woman has no desire for her children to
:07:34. > :07:34.follow the path of their father and fight in Gaza but it is something
:07:35. > :07:39.she knows might be inevitable. As those diplomatic efforts to find
:07:40. > :07:42.a solution to a more permanent ceasefire continue in Cairo, there
:07:43. > :07:44.have also been efforts elsewhere. In New York, the
:07:45. > :07:47.United Nations Secretary General Ban Ki-moon addressed the UN's General
:07:48. > :07:50.Assembly at a special meeting He called for an end to the cycle
:07:51. > :08:07.of violence. Do we have to continue like this?
:08:08. > :08:11.Build and destroy continually. We can build again but this must be the
:08:12. > :08:16.last team to rebuild. This must end now. They must come back to the
:08:17. > :08:19.negotiating table. John Kerry too has been speaking
:08:20. > :08:22.of the efforts by the United States In an exclusive interview with
:08:23. > :08:25.the BBC, he said the US should be a major
:08:26. > :08:29.player in the process of any Gaza peace deal and clarified that the US
:08:30. > :08:32.does not speak directly to Hamas. In what was his first international
:08:33. > :08:34.interview since the ceasefire, the US Secretary of State was asked
:08:35. > :08:48.if he supported the Israeli We fully support Israel right to
:08:49. > :08:53.defend itself and the fact that it was under attack by rockets and
:08:54. > :09:01.tunnels and it had to take out Hamas. Hamas has behaved
:09:02. > :09:07.unbelievably, shockingly in engaging in this activity and, yes, there has
:09:08. > :09:10.been horrible collateral damage as a result and that is why the United
:09:11. > :09:15.States are working hard with our partners in the region, with
:09:16. > :09:24.visual, the Palestinian Authority, the Egyptians, to try to move
:09:25. > :09:27.towards a cease-fire. Finally, that cease-fire is hopefully in place
:09:28. > :09:30.that can allow all parties to common to the table and be able to not only
:09:31. > :09:36.deal with the question of how you sustain a cease-fire but the more
:09:37. > :09:40.critical underlying long-term issues as to how we are going to make
:09:41. > :09:46.peace, how we are going to eliminate these rockets, how we are going to
:09:47. > :09:50.demilitarise and move towards a different future and that is our
:09:51. > :09:56.goal, this is an important beginning with the cease-fire and hopefully
:09:57. > :09:59.the tops to get there. John Kerry speaking exclusively to the BBC.
:10:00. > :10:09.He's the President of the Arab American Institute in Washington.
:10:10. > :10:18.How can you bring both these sides together? There must be a role for a
:10:19. > :10:26.third party and unfortunately the United States has not been able to
:10:27. > :10:29.play that role because they often buckle under political pressure.
:10:30. > :10:33.Several presidents have buckled. President Obama tried in 2011 and
:10:34. > :10:40.then with pressure from Congress he folded and I believe that this
:10:41. > :10:43.initiative from John Kerry, as tirelessly as he works in trying to
:10:44. > :10:50.bridge the gap between the parties, at the end of the day, John Kerry's
:10:51. > :10:54.proposals are too close to that of a shield for the Palestinians to exit
:10:55. > :11:00.and so they broke down. Even though the US blamed additional in some
:11:01. > :11:05.ways, the proposals were weak, so I think that you can only bridge gaps
:11:06. > :11:10.decline a powerful country and a very poor and powerless country if
:11:11. > :11:15.there is a third party that can balance the scales, the problem with
:11:16. > :11:20.the US as they do not do that. They end up holding the courts for the
:11:21. > :11:25.most powerful side. Now that leave the ship in Egypt has changed, their
:11:26. > :11:31.relationship with Hamas has changed and so has their attitude to this
:11:32. > :11:37.region. There is no love lost between myself and Hamas, I find
:11:38. > :11:42.their ideology respectable and their tactics deplorable, the sabotage
:11:43. > :11:49.peace in the 1990s with bombings and since they have entered government
:11:50. > :11:54.their priority has been to be devastating to the Palestinian
:11:55. > :11:58.people. As you'll's behaviour has been even more deplorable and what
:11:59. > :12:03.we are witnessing right now from the Israelis as a clean-up operation,
:12:04. > :12:10.you Queen of public opinion, so they will go on duty full offence to see
:12:11. > :12:17.do not believe us, do not believe the lies and the media, it is all of
:12:18. > :12:22.the fault of Hamas and so on. The problem is that extremist groups
:12:23. > :12:27.like Hamas are born out of the spear and hopelessness and joblessness and
:12:28. > :12:34.anger and occupation and what Israel is doing to Gaza only reinforces
:12:35. > :12:39.those conditions and breeds more extremism. It is a huge problem but
:12:40. > :12:45.the US by seeing it supports the rights of visual and giving them
:12:46. > :12:48.more weapons in the wake of this assault does not provide the correct
:12:49. > :12:54.it necessary to restrain Israel and said to the people in Gaza, you have
:12:55. > :13:00.a friend outside who will stand with you, not with Hamas, but with the
:13:01. > :13:04.people of Gaza. John Kerry said the civilians of Gaza were not the enemy
:13:05. > :13:11.and Benjamin Netanyahu said they were not the enemy of Israel, it is
:13:12. > :13:17.Hamas. When Hamas says that it will not demilitarise when someone tries
:13:18. > :13:23.to take their weapons but instead take away their lives, what hope is
:13:24. > :13:27.there for any kind of initiation? Very little and that is the great
:13:28. > :13:32.tragedy. The statements from Hamas have been deplorable, but understand
:13:33. > :13:39.that if Israel says that the people of Gaza are not our enemies but they
:13:40. > :13:44.killed 1800 of them, but they left a couple of hundred thousand homeless
:13:45. > :13:49.then Pat -- bombed the power plants and there was no power or clean
:13:50. > :13:52.water, and for visual to come back and say that they were so good to
:13:53. > :13:57.the people of Gaza by providing them with electricity and water, they
:13:58. > :14:04.only had to do that because they would have been masses starvation
:14:05. > :14:08.and dehydration. This is a country that has used its overwhelming power
:14:09. > :14:12.indiscriminately and disproportionately and I believe has
:14:13. > :14:17.committed war crimes but that does not dissolve Hamas. They have
:14:18. > :14:22.committed crimes that have been wrong and they must be called to
:14:23. > :14:27.account on that. But you cannot only coal one side to account as the
:14:28. > :14:31.United States does, you have to call Israel to account as well. You have
:14:32. > :14:32.to be fair to both sides and we have not been. Thank you for your
:14:33. > :14:36.thoughts. Scientists
:14:37. > :14:38.in Europe have been celebrating after an unmanned spacecraft
:14:39. > :14:40.successfully caught up with a comet after travelling through the Solar
:14:41. > :14:43.System for more than a decade. The Rosetta probe will orbit the
:14:44. > :14:46.comet for at least a year and try to The probe at the moment is
:14:47. > :14:51.at a distance of 550 million A little earlier I spoke with senior
:14:52. > :14:57.scientific consultant Mark McCaughrean from the European Space
:14:58. > :15:17.Agency's mission control in Germany. It has been a fantastic day here
:15:18. > :15:27.today. The mission has been going on for ten years and ten years before
:15:28. > :15:32.that to even build it. It is like we have been in the car for ten years,
:15:33. > :15:35.people saying, are we there yet, and today we are there. We now see a
:15:36. > :15:41.Comet that no one has ever seen in this detail before. We have now got
:15:42. > :15:46.an intense period because we have to characterise and learn about this
:15:47. > :15:51.Comet, what it is made of, what the surface structure is, before it gets
:15:52. > :16:00.active. It is starting to get active as we speak, as it gets closer to
:16:01. > :16:05.the sun it will get active. We have got to pick a landing site and then
:16:06. > :16:11.drop a lander onto the surface, without hitting any boulders or
:16:12. > :16:14.crevasse is. It is an incredibly structured comet, a lot going on
:16:15. > :16:18.there, a lot of work still to do. Is it true that this could provide the
:16:19. > :16:27.origins of our existence, this comet? They are treasure chest of
:16:28. > :16:30.ice, locked up and left over from the birth of the solar system 4.6
:16:31. > :16:35.billion years ago. By digging into one in more detail than has been
:16:36. > :16:37.possible before, we can indeed go into answering these questions,
:16:38. > :16:41.where did the solar system and planets come from, how where they
:16:42. > :16:46.build up, and where did water on the earth, from? It was probably not on
:16:47. > :16:52.the planet when it was very young, so it could have come from comets
:16:53. > :16:58.later on. And complex molecules, the building blocks of life, they were
:16:59. > :17:03.also on comets. This really is a Rosetta Stone, hence the name of the
:17:04. > :17:08.mission. We think about dinosaurs when we think about the aqua one,
:17:09. > :17:14.but this is something that could have brought life onto Earth? It is
:17:15. > :17:18.one of the great contradictions, the solar system is an amazingly chaotic
:17:19. > :17:22.and crazy place, things go on, planets move around and get hit by
:17:23. > :17:28.things, which can be bad for you and in this case very good for you. We
:17:29. > :17:34.congratulate you very much on your mission. We wish you all the best
:17:35. > :17:44.for November. Thank you very much, we hope everybody follows along. It
:17:45. > :17:48.is a great adventure for everybody. 50 people have been killed in the
:17:49. > :18:02.rebel held city of Mo all in a rock. -- Mosul. A missile hit a
:18:03. > :18:09.prison holding fighters from the jihadist group previously known as
:18:10. > :18:12.ISIS. Thousands have fled into the mountains in the north-west of the
:18:13. > :18:19.country after Islamic state jihadist overran a town. We can now speak to
:18:20. > :18:25.a spokesperson from Unicef who is where many Iraqis fled after the
:18:26. > :18:32.city of Mosul fell to the Islamic state. I know you are concerned in
:18:33. > :18:37.particular about the children, but just describe what the situation is
:18:38. > :18:41.on the ground. The situation is pretty grim. There is continuous
:18:42. > :18:44.displacement of children and families, there is a mass exodus
:18:45. > :18:50.that happened on Sunday where we estimate that at least 150,000
:18:51. > :18:57.people were forced to flee overnight when the district was taken over. We
:18:58. > :19:01.are very concerned about 25,000 children who are currently reported
:19:02. > :19:06.stranded in the mountains in the area. These are children in dire
:19:07. > :19:11.situations, they need everything, basically, food, water, shelter.
:19:12. > :19:16.They are in desperate need and we cannot access them. Talk us through
:19:17. > :19:24.the reports that 40 children have potentially died? That's right,
:19:25. > :19:30.Unicef received reports officially that 40 children have died on their
:19:31. > :19:36.way out of the area while they were leaving. They could have died for a
:19:37. > :19:43.number of reasons, including severe dehydration and also health reasons.
:19:44. > :19:48.It's very hot here. It could go up to 50 degrees. It's very difficult
:19:49. > :19:54.for an adult, let alone a child who has been uprooted and forced to walk
:19:55. > :20:01.for sometimes long hours in the sun. It is a pretty grim situation here.
:20:02. > :20:04.In terms of the work of Unicef, how are you getting provisions through?
:20:05. > :20:08.How you making contact and looking after these people? We have been
:20:09. > :20:15.working around the clock with teams on the ground. Since the outbreak of
:20:16. > :20:18.the crisis in June, we have had teams providing people with drinking
:20:19. > :20:22.water and medicine for the children, shelter, tents and
:20:23. > :20:27.blankets, with whatever is needed and whatever we can do, we are doing
:20:28. > :20:31.it. But the needs are huge and they continue to increase every single
:20:32. > :20:38.day. The crisis broke out in mid-June, and got stabilised for a
:20:39. > :20:43.couple of weeks, and then on Sunday, we were into another crisis. It is
:20:44. > :20:47.an emergency on top of another emergency. It is increasing the need
:20:48. > :20:50.for children and their family every single day. We wish you the best of
:20:51. > :20:54.luck, thank you for speaking to us. The Ebola outbreak has been declared
:20:55. > :20:57.a national emergency in Nigeria, Africa's most populous country,
:20:58. > :20:59.after a nurse became the second person to die
:21:00. > :21:02.from the disease there. The World Health Organisation says
:21:03. > :21:05.the death toll from the Ebola outbreak
:21:06. > :21:10.in West Africa has risen to 932. It's convening a panel of experts
:21:11. > :21:13.to examine the use of experimental Russian President Vladimir Putin has
:21:14. > :21:22.banned or curbed agricultural imports
:21:23. > :21:24.from countries imposing sanctions on The decree did not specify
:21:25. > :21:29.which countries or which goods would be affected
:21:30. > :21:32.but did say that the measures will Russia buys fruit
:21:33. > :21:35.and vegetables from the EU worth A man arrested on suspicion
:21:36. > :21:45.of leaking Michael Schumacher's medical files has been found hanged
:21:46. > :21:47.in his cell. Swiss police say the man,
:21:48. > :21:50.an who has not been named, was Ex-Formula One Champion Michael
:21:51. > :21:55.Schumacher suffered a head injury in a skiing accident
:21:56. > :21:58.in France last December and was An aspirin a day could keep some
:21:59. > :22:07.cancers and heart diseases at bay. That is the message for people
:22:08. > :22:11.in their 50s and 60s, from a group of researchers looking at
:22:12. > :22:16.the drug's ability to stem disease. Scientists found that one low dose
:22:17. > :22:21.tablet, 75mg, every day, taken for five to 10 years could
:22:22. > :22:28.prevent 122,000 deaths from some cancers in the UK,
:22:29. > :22:31.particularly bowel and stomach It's also well known for reducing
:22:32. > :22:37.the chance of heart attacks. But aspirin does have side effects
:22:38. > :22:41.and can cause internal bleeding so doctors say people should check
:22:42. > :22:58.with their GP before they decide to It is a cheap, everyday medicine,
:22:59. > :23:02.which can be bought over the counter. Many people already take
:23:03. > :23:06.daily aspirin to avoid heart problems. Now there is further
:23:07. > :23:10.evidence that the drug might help prevent cancer. The researchers
:23:11. > :23:14.looked at a wide range of studies about aspirin. They found the drug
:23:15. > :23:16.helped prevent cases and deaths from stomach, bowel and oesophageal
:23:17. > :23:18.cancer. helped prevent cases and deaths from
:23:19. > :23:23.stomach, bowel The risks included having stomach bleeds or stroke, but
:23:24. > :23:28.the researchers believe on balance, many people aged between 50 and 65
:23:29. > :23:34.would benefit from taking a low dose of aspirin every day for at least
:23:35. > :23:37.five years. We think that individuals of this age should
:23:38. > :23:41.consider seriously taking aspirin, they should consult their GP to get
:23:42. > :23:45.advice about potential side effects, but overall, the benefits for most
:23:46. > :23:52.individuals seem to far outweigh the risks. Official NHS advice does not
:23:53. > :23:55.yet recommend taking aspirin to prevent cancer. Cancer Research UK
:23:56. > :23:59.said aspirin is showing promise but it believes in port and answers are
:24:00. > :24:03.still needed from other ongoing trials -- important answers are
:24:04. > :24:05.still needed soap Doctors could have that information on who might suffer
:24:06. > :24:07.side-effects. With me now is Dr David Wald,
:24:08. > :24:10.he's a consultant cardiologist based here in London at
:24:11. > :24:11.St Bartholomew's Hospital. He's also Chair of the Guidelines
:24:12. > :24:23.and Practice Committee of Thank you for coming in to speak to
:24:24. > :24:27.us. We have heard so much about aspirin but there are caveats in
:24:28. > :24:31.this? Yes, like many preventative treatments, there is a trade-off
:24:32. > :24:36.between the benefit and the hazard. For aspirin, the biggest problem is
:24:37. > :24:41.bleeding. That's always been the case. And I been prescribing aspirin
:24:42. > :24:43.for many years to prevent heart attacks and strokes, particularly in
:24:44. > :24:46.people who have already had such an event, and there has always been a
:24:47. > :24:52.risk of being those people. The issue is that the risk of aspirin
:24:53. > :24:56.was clearly outweighed by the benefit in people who had had a
:24:57. > :24:59.previous heart attack or stroke. In the general population, we have
:25:00. > :25:04.known about the benefits but the risks and the hazards really made
:25:05. > :25:09.the benefits marginal. Now what has changed with this new evidence is
:25:10. > :25:12.that aspirin appears to have rather remarkable effects in preventing
:25:13. > :25:18.certain cancers, in particular cancers of the gut. If you add the
:25:19. > :25:22.information on cancer to what we already know on cardiovascular
:25:23. > :25:27.disease, the evidence swing is clearly in favour of using aspirin
:25:28. > :25:30.for the prevention of cardiovascular disease and cancer. So the number of
:25:31. > :25:34.people who would benefit compared to the number of people who could
:25:35. > :25:40.suffer internal bleeding is outweighed? Pretty much. If 1000
:25:41. > :25:46.people for example over the age of 50 took aspirin, you would prevent
:25:47. > :25:52.about 50 cardiovascular disease events and cancer deaths combined,
:25:53. > :25:56.for every eight serious bleeds coursed. And most of those bleeds
:25:57. > :26:01.would not be fatal. And that is an important distinction. I understand
:26:02. > :26:06.heart attack is thinning of the blood, but what it is with aspirin
:26:07. > :26:10.and cancer? Perhaps surprisingly, the mechanism by which aspirin
:26:11. > :26:13.prevents cancer is not known. That might mean to pricing because it is
:26:14. > :26:19.such a well-known drug and it has been used for many years. There are
:26:20. > :26:23.two theories. We know that aspirin reduces the effectiveness of
:26:24. > :26:28.platelets in the blood to stick together. That is the mechanism of
:26:29. > :26:33.the benefit in preventing heart attacks, it reduces the clock which
:26:34. > :26:39.forms in the coronary artery. The cancer, it is possible that these
:26:40. > :26:42.platelets also can carry cancer cells around, and if you block the
:26:43. > :26:48.platelet, you could reduce the cancer. The caveat is always talked
:26:49. > :26:49.your GP. Lots more on the website. Check out our details there.
:26:50. > :26:59.Goodbye. Hello. Still some room for a time
:27:00. > :27:02.overnight in the far north of Scotland, moving across the Northern
:27:03. > :27:07.Isles. Elsewhere, it becomes dry, clear and that will lead to a sunny
:27:08. > :27:11.start in the morning. Not quite as warm tomorrow but still warm, when
:27:12. > :27:16.the sun makes an appearance. High pressure coming in overnight. It
:27:17. > :27:18.will last into Thursday, of a fine day with that sunshine to begin.
:27:19. > :27:19.Cooler