:00:09. > :00:11.This is BBC World News Today with me Alice Baxter.
:00:12. > :00:17.Russia's actions in Ukraine are a blatant violation of Ukrainian
:00:18. > :00:21.sovereignty - that's the view from NATO after an emergency summit.
:00:22. > :00:24.NATO's Secretary General says Russia's action defied all
:00:25. > :00:30.After three-and-a-half years of conflict, the number of Syrian
:00:31. > :00:35.refugees registered in neighbouring countries has reached three million.
:00:36. > :00:38.The terror threat to the UK is raised from substantial to severe.
:00:39. > :00:49.The Prime Minister says Islamic State militants cannot be ignored.
:00:50. > :00:55.The ambition to create an extremist caliphate at the heart of Iraq and
:00:56. > :00:58.Syria is a threat to our own security.
:00:59. > :01:01.And as Charlie and the Chocolate factory turns 50, Roald Dahl's
:01:02. > :01:17.We begin with the ongoing conflict in Eastern Ukraine.
:01:18. > :01:21.The head of Nato has accused Russia of blatantly violating Ukraine's
:01:22. > :01:24.sovereignty and engaging in direct military operations to
:01:25. > :01:30.The remarks by Nato Secretary-General Anders Fogh
:01:31. > :01:34.Rasmussen come as Ukraine's Prime Minister said he was
:01:35. > :01:38.putting the country on course for Nato membership.
:01:39. > :01:42.Russia continues to deny sending troops and arms across the border
:01:43. > :01:46.but, as the conflict continues, the scale of the suffering has been
:01:47. > :01:57.It says nearly 2,600 people have been killed since April
:01:58. > :02:01.when Russia's annexation of Crimea prompted
:02:02. > :02:04.the rebels to take control of large parts of Donetsk and Luhansk.
:02:05. > :02:10.Pro-Russian rebels continue a fightback against Ukrainian
:02:11. > :02:13.government troops after weeks in which they have been forced onto
:02:14. > :02:19.This is unverified footage, but significantly, Kiev and the West say
:02:20. > :02:23.this fightback has been fortified by escalating Russian military
:02:24. > :02:26.involvement prompting an emergency meeting of NATO ambassadors.
:02:27. > :02:33.Today, we expressed strong solidarity with Ukraine.
:02:34. > :02:39.At the Wales summit next week, we will meet President Poroshenko
:02:40. > :02:45.to make clear NATO's unwavering support for Ukraine.
:02:46. > :02:56.The Ukrainian prime minister has just said that his government
:02:57. > :02:58.would ask Parliament to seek Nato membership.
:02:59. > :03:04.The NATO response, a cautious one, that it respects the Kiev decision.
:03:05. > :03:07.And the word from Washington is the response to Russia is not
:03:08. > :03:15.Russia is already more isolated than at any time since the Cold War.
:03:16. > :03:17.Capital is fleeing. Investors are staying out.
:03:18. > :03:21.This ongoing Russian incursion into Ukraine will only bring more
:03:22. > :03:27.EU leaders meeting in Brussels this weekend will now look at tougher
:03:28. > :03:30.sanctions against Russia following this new turn in the crisis.
:03:31. > :03:37.But how effective can they be given the stakes in this for the Kremlin?
:03:38. > :03:48.still denies any such involvement. says shows Russian combat forces in
:03:49. > :03:52.A defiant rally by Ukrainian loyalists in a south eastern town
:03:53. > :03:57.suddenly under threat from the latest rebel successes.
:03:58. > :03:59.Their opinion of the Russian president Vladimir Putin is clear
:04:00. > :04:04.But in his latest remarks, the Russian leader has responded
:04:05. > :04:12.with a Nazi analogy of his own, accusing Kiev of an assault on
:04:13. > :04:15.Eastern Ukraine reminiscent of the siege of Leningrad in World War II.
:04:16. > :04:17.The wreckage and the costs of this conflict in Ukraine
:04:18. > :04:27.A way out of it, however, seems as elusive as ever.
:04:28. > :04:29.Joining me now from Washington is Ian Brzezinski
:04:30. > :04:31.who served as the deputy assistant secretary of defence for European
:04:32. > :04:37.He's now a senior fellow at the influential think tank
:04:38. > :04:55.Thank you for joining us. What do you think is the likelihood of NATO
:04:56. > :05:01.accepting Ukraine as a member? Very unlikely because Ukraine is not
:05:02. > :05:06.prepared for NATO membership. It does not meet the requirements for
:05:07. > :05:14.NATO membership. But I think it is a positive sign and a good step to say
:05:15. > :05:27.that needle's door is open. -- NATO. Why does Ukraine not meet the
:05:28. > :05:34.requirements? It has a weak economy, it has systemic corruption problems,
:05:35. > :05:46.there are probably deep Russian penetrations of it's that its
:05:47. > :05:49.services. But Ukraine's European aspirations are legitimate and
:05:50. > :05:56.should be supported by the West. Do you believe that that position is
:05:57. > :06:02.understood in Ukraine? If you listen to President Poroshenko, it would
:06:03. > :06:18.seem that they believe that membership of NATO is imminent. I
:06:19. > :06:32.think it is more in the future. It took Poland, the Czech Republic and
:06:33. > :06:39.the Baltic states and Romania to take some time to gain membership.
:06:40. > :06:41.But their aspirations should be supported. This is not the first
:06:42. > :06:49.time needle has sought NATO membership. In the 1980s, there was
:06:50. > :07:00.an interest expressed. Yet comments being made by Anders Fogh
:07:01. > :07:14.Rasmussen, is that not intensifying the situation on the ground?
:07:15. > :07:19.Condemnation should be directed towards Russia for invading Ukraine.
:07:20. > :07:25.It has significantly increased Ukrainian in test in NATO membership
:07:26. > :07:29.at political and public level. For President Putin, he has repeatedly
:07:30. > :07:36.made it clear that membership of NATO would very much be a red line
:07:37. > :07:43.for him. It is pretty outrageous for a country like Russia to assert that
:07:44. > :07:53.he can determine their political orientation of other states. Ukraine
:07:54. > :07:56.is a European state, it has legitimate aspirations to become
:07:57. > :08:00.part of the European union, it is natural for it to seek NATO
:08:01. > :08:04.membership. Thank you for joining us.
:08:05. > :08:09.The Syrian refugee crisis is being called
:08:10. > :08:11.the biggest humanitarian emergency of our era by the United Nations.
:08:12. > :08:14.The conflict started three and a half years ago
:08:15. > :08:16.and the number of refugees now registered in neighbouring countries
:08:17. > :08:23.That's an increase of one million in just a year.
:08:24. > :08:26.Inside Syria, there are another six and a half million displaced people.
:08:27. > :08:30.Altogether, that means nearly half of Syria's 18 million population
:08:31. > :08:35.The UN says the world is failing to meet the needs of the refugees
:08:36. > :08:42.Among them, thousands who fled Mount Sinjar near the Iraqi city of Mosul.
:08:43. > :08:43.Our correspondent Gabriel Gatehouse met some
:08:44. > :08:46.of those who managed to escape, but paid an enormous sacrifice.
:08:47. > :08:51.You may find parts of his report disturbing.
:08:52. > :08:57.These are some of the children who have made it from Mount Sinjar.
:08:58. > :09:02.Many have lost friends or family, all are now homeless.
:09:03. > :09:06.But they are alive and they are happy about that.
:09:07. > :09:11.But for many, self-preservation came at a huge cost.
:09:12. > :09:18.As Yazidis fled in their thousands, this policeman was struggling.
:09:19. > :09:22.He and his wife had three kids, too young to walk.
:09:23. > :09:26.The fighters from the Islamic State at their backs, they were forced to
:09:27. > :09:28.make an almost impossible decision, to leave their four-year-old son
:09:29. > :09:36.There was a hut by the side of the road.
:09:37. > :09:46.It must have been a very difficult decision to make.
:09:47. > :09:56.To leave one of your children behind as you fled?
:09:57. > :10:06.But Kurdish fighters later found the boy and brought him to a hospital
:10:07. > :10:11.Here, the BBC found him, badly dehydrated
:10:12. > :10:19.No one knew his name or who his parents were.
:10:20. > :10:22.Jalal was eventually alerted by a relative who saw a picture
:10:23. > :10:27.He made the journey to Syria yesterday,
:10:28. > :10:45.We travelled to the frontline of the now meaningless border
:10:46. > :10:48.These fighters, mostly Syrian Kurds, have been battling IS
:10:49. > :10:52.They say they are not intimidated by the Islamist group's gruesome
:10:53. > :11:00.You can see buildings just a few hundred metres from here.
:11:01. > :11:03.That is where the Isis fighters are based.
:11:04. > :11:09.These two sides are literally eyeball to eyeball here.
:11:10. > :11:13.As we watched, the fighters spot some IS patrols on
:11:14. > :11:19.They fire off a few shots, just to remind them that we are
:11:20. > :11:29.The people in this camp don't even count
:11:30. > :11:33.towards the figure of 3 million refugees from the Syrian war.
:11:34. > :11:38.Thousands of Yazidis have found temporary refuge here inside Kurdish
:11:39. > :11:44.But they don't feel safe and many say they have already made
:11:45. > :11:51.up their minds to abandon their homeland for good.
:11:52. > :11:55.With me now is Andrej Mahecic, the spokesperson to the United Nations
:11:56. > :12:11.This 3 million, it is a grim milestone to have reached. This is
:12:12. > :12:17.only the registered number of refugees? Exactly, this is what we
:12:18. > :12:22.have on the books, what we can vouch for. There are many, many more who
:12:23. > :12:30.have fled to neighbouring countries and who have decided not to approach
:12:31. > :12:37.the authorities, not to register. But the idea, part of the community.
:12:38. > :12:45.At the moment, the present and enormous burden on neighbouring
:12:46. > :12:51.countries who are now hosting 96% of all Syrian refugees. There is an
:12:52. > :12:55.additional number of 6.5 million internally displaced inside Syria.
:12:56. > :13:06.When you put these figures together, that is half of Sadiyah's
:13:07. > :13:10.population. Half of Syria's population have been forced to
:13:11. > :13:16.abandon their homes. Regardless of what we do in Syria to help, it is
:13:17. > :13:22.still far from what their needs are. At the moment, we have been able to
:13:23. > :13:30.help some 2.5 million Syrians inside the country and we are working in
:13:31. > :13:36.the region to help the 3 million. But the needs are massive. This year
:13:37. > :13:43.alone, between now and the end of the year, we need about $2 billion
:13:44. > :13:50.to meet immediate needs. In the coming weeks, we will be looking at
:13:51. > :13:54.the Winter issues. At least 2.5 million people will be needing help.
:13:55. > :14:00.It is important to understand why people are fleeing the conflict.
:14:01. > :14:08.There is death, displacement and destruction inside Syria. Some of
:14:09. > :14:17.these settlements today look like lunar surfaces, not even one brick
:14:18. > :14:21.left on another break. People have been displaced inside Syria before
:14:22. > :14:26.and they have decided to leave because they cannot bear to stay any
:14:27. > :14:30.longer. You paint a very graphic picture and you see that the UN
:14:31. > :14:37.still needs a further $2 billion to help alleviate some of this pain.
:14:38. > :14:44.Tell me where most of these refugees have ended up. First of all, they
:14:45. > :14:50.are in Lebanon, Jordan, Turkey. In Lebanon, we have more than 1.1
:14:51. > :14:57.million refugees. In Turkey, more than 800,000. In Jordan, more than
:14:58. > :15:04.600,000. In Iraq, 250,000. When you add that up, it is clear that the
:15:05. > :15:13.region is sinking under this pressure. Our country is able to
:15:14. > :15:18.cope? These countries have been taken for granted and need
:15:19. > :15:21.assistance. We are calling for the international community to address
:15:22. > :15:24.the root causes of conflict, but also to continue support for the
:15:25. > :15:31.Syrian refugees and the countries hosting them and look for a way to
:15:32. > :15:37.end the conflict and the suffering of the Syrian people. Thank you.
:15:38. > :15:40.A terrorist attack against Britain is now highly likely, as a result
:15:41. > :15:44.That's the verdict of the British government which has increased
:15:45. > :15:51.its threat level from Substantial, when an attack is deemed a strong
:15:52. > :15:54.possibility, to Severe, which means an attack is highly likely.
:15:55. > :15:56.It's the second highest terror level behind critical, which indicates
:15:57. > :16:02.There's currently no intelligence suggesting an attack is imminent
:16:03. > :16:05.but people are being urged to remain vigiliant.
:16:06. > :16:07.The Prime Minister says the Islamic State group is
:16:08. > :16:17.a greater threat to British security than any seen before.
:16:18. > :16:25.Today I want to tell you other competent approach rotating. We have
:16:26. > :16:26.been shocked and sickened by the barbaric murder of American
:16:27. > :16:31.journalist James Foley. We've all been shocked
:16:32. > :16:33.and sickened by the barbaric murder And by the voice
:16:34. > :16:37.of what increasingly seems to have been a British terrorist recorded
:16:38. > :16:39.on that video. It was clear evidence,
:16:40. > :16:41.not that any more was needed, that this is not some foreign
:16:42. > :16:44.conflict thousands of miles from The ambition to create
:16:45. > :16:48.an extremist caliphate in the heart of Iraq and Syria is a threat to
:16:49. > :16:52.our own security here in the UK. That is in addition to the many
:16:53. > :16:55.other Al Qaeda inspired terrorist So what exactly is the threat to
:16:56. > :17:01.the UK Our Correspondent Frank
:17:02. > :17:11.Gardner has this analysis. who have gone to Syria with many
:17:12. > :17:18.joining the violent extremist group At least half that number have
:17:19. > :17:22.already returned to Britain. It's the job of MI5,
:17:23. > :17:25.the security service, headquarters here in London,
:17:26. > :17:28.to detect any plans anyone may have They are helped by communications
:17:29. > :17:35.intercepts from GCHQ, Together their input is assessed
:17:36. > :17:40.by a group of 100 analysts who then advise the government what is the
:17:41. > :17:46.level of risk facing the public. The newly raised terror threat level
:17:47. > :17:49.is partly a response to what you could call easy Jihad because to
:17:50. > :17:54.join an extremist group like ISIS British passport holders have simply
:17:55. > :17:58.been hopping on a flight to Turkey, getting a bus to the border
:17:59. > :18:01.and then walking into Syria. Well over 200 have now returned
:18:02. > :18:04.to Britain, many of them having This is also the age
:18:05. > :18:11.of social media jihad, with tweets and postings on Facebook attracting
:18:12. > :18:15.a constant stream of recruits. And then there are the gaps
:18:16. > :18:18.in the government response. Despite some new measures,
:18:19. > :18:21.put bluntly, there just aren't enough policemen and spies to watch
:18:22. > :18:25.around the clock everybody who comes I think the terrorist threat level
:18:26. > :18:32.we are seeing at the moment linked to Syria and Iraq is one that is
:18:33. > :18:35.very real and very substantial. You're dealing with
:18:36. > :18:37.a situation where you've got groups fighting in Syria in Iraq who have
:18:38. > :18:40.expressed a rhetoric of wanting to You've got a substantial body
:18:41. > :18:44.of foreigners and Britons in particular who have been out to
:18:45. > :18:46.fight there, some of whom have come back, and we have
:18:47. > :18:50.seen across Europe at least four or five plots that have been disrupted
:18:51. > :18:53.with links to Syria and Iraq. One that wasn't stopped was
:18:54. > :18:56.a shooting in Brussels in May Here the government fears more
:18:57. > :19:03.opportunistic attacks like this and last year's murder
:19:04. > :19:07.of an off-duty soldier in Woolwich. The police and MI5 now work
:19:08. > :19:10.so closely right across the country that it's far
:19:11. > :19:13.harder than it used to be for terrorists to plan a large scale
:19:14. > :19:16.attack like the London bombings. But the longer the Syrian conflict
:19:17. > :19:20.continues, the greater the risk that some of those who have taken part
:19:21. > :19:23.in it may be tempted to use Now a look at some
:19:24. > :19:33.of the day's other news. The eurozone inflation rate has
:19:34. > :19:37.fallen to 0.3% in August, adding The drop was driven by lower food
:19:38. > :19:43.and energy prices, and is a sign that firms and households aren't
:19:44. > :19:47.spending or generating wealth. The figures will add to pressure on
:19:48. > :19:50.the European Central Bank to take The authorities
:19:51. > :19:59.in Iceland have scaled back their aviation warning from red to
:20:00. > :20:01.orange after the Bardarbunga volcano The red alert was precautionary and,
:20:02. > :20:06.although it's been reduced, planes are still banned from flying withing
:20:07. > :20:11.a three-mile radius of the volcano. So far, it hasn't produced any ash
:20:12. > :20:17.cloud which could endanger aircraft. Google has announced its developing
:20:18. > :20:20.a fleet of airborne drones designed to deliver packages to people more
:20:21. > :20:24.quickly by bypassing traffic. Project Wing has been running
:20:25. > :20:27.for two years, The prototypes have been
:20:28. > :20:30.successfully tested by delivering packages to remote
:20:31. > :20:33.farms in Queensland in Australia, Senegal has become the fifth
:20:34. > :20:45.country West African country to be The authorities announced that
:20:46. > :20:48.the virus had been carried by a man from neighbouring Guinea
:20:49. > :20:51.who is now under quarantine. The current outbreak in west Africa
:20:52. > :20:53.has been the worst on record. 600 people have died in Liberia
:20:54. > :20:57.alone. Our correspondent Tamasin Ford has
:20:58. > :21:00.been to the Liberia and Ivory Coast border where preparations are being
:21:01. > :21:03.made to prevent Ebola An unnerving silence replaces
:21:04. > :21:12.the normally vibrant border. All official crossing points
:21:13. > :21:14.into Liberia and Guinea were closed The latest government
:21:15. > :21:20.efforts to avoid Ebola. Trucks are already beginning to pile
:21:21. > :21:23.up on this side of the border. Authorities say health is more
:21:24. > :21:26.important than trade, but people here have no idea when
:21:27. > :21:31.the borders are going to reopen. People are suffering financially
:21:32. > :21:33.but many are relieved This woman's family is
:21:34. > :21:39.on the other side. She says it's difficult
:21:40. > :21:45.but the fear of Ebola is worse. I'm afraid of death because it is
:21:46. > :21:52.not a trip you can return from. We've been told not to eat bush
:21:53. > :21:55.meat, not to shake hands Beyond these mountains lies Liberia
:21:56. > :22:02.where Ebola is now out of control. Thick but porous rainforest is all
:22:03. > :22:09.that separates Ivory Coast from This is one of five Ebola
:22:10. > :22:16.treatment centres in the region. Doctors are practising what to do
:22:17. > :22:20.if a suspected case arrives. We have done
:22:21. > :22:29.the maximum possible to be ready and As soon
:22:30. > :22:33.as any suspected case arrives. You can never be ready enough but I
:22:34. > :22:37.think we are strong enough to fight The heat inside the suit is
:22:38. > :22:46.the biggest difficulty, he says. Two or three hours are
:22:47. > :22:49.the most anyone can last. Countries have been accused
:22:50. > :22:51.of abandoning the Ebola-hit nations, closing borders
:22:52. > :22:55.and suspending flights. But Ivory Coast says it will do
:22:56. > :23:10.anything it can to fight Ebola. Hopes of a breakthrough in the fight
:23:11. > :23:13.against Ebola have been raised after Canada's Public Health Agency
:23:14. > :23:16.announced that the experimental drug Z-Mapp proved to be 100% effective
:23:17. > :23:20.in tests carried out on monkeys. The experimental drug cured
:23:21. > :23:24.the macaque monkeys even when administered five days after
:23:25. > :23:27.infection and even while the animals However, the effectiveness
:23:28. > :23:33.in humans is still unclear. Two out of the seven people
:23:34. > :23:38.treated with Z-MAPP have died. It's 50 years since Roald Dahl wrote
:23:39. > :23:40.the children's classic The book's characters have
:23:41. > :23:45.become household names. But it turns out they were only
:23:46. > :23:49.part of the original story. The discovery of new unpublished
:23:50. > :23:52.chapters reveals Dahl had intended to include more children lucky
:23:53. > :23:56.enough to win the golden ticket and meet Willy Wonka, but dropped
:23:57. > :24:00.them from the final version. This report from our Arts Editor
:24:01. > :24:02.Will Gompertz begins with Lots of things that don't happen
:24:03. > :24:13.in life will probably happen He always managed to add
:24:14. > :24:16.a few surprises. When Roald Dahl originally wrote
:24:17. > :24:21.the story, they were ten, not five, I'm sitting in a re-creation
:24:22. > :24:24.of Roald Dahl's writing hut at his museum in Great Missenden
:24:25. > :24:27.and in front of me is an early draft of what would become
:24:28. > :24:31.Charlie And The Chocolate Factory. It's full of edits and corrections
:24:32. > :24:33.and it's even called Charlie's Chapter 5, the Vanilla Fudge Room,
:24:34. > :24:40.was cut by the author. It saw the demise
:24:41. > :24:42.of two unused characters, Both of whom were disobedient
:24:43. > :24:49.and spoilt. They were discovered
:24:50. > :24:51.along with their parents in the author's archive by a writer who
:24:52. > :24:54.was impressed by what she found. I admire him more, I think,
:24:55. > :24:57.because you literally see more You can see the invention, it's even
:24:58. > :25:03.more ceaseless and fertile, but also Charlie is only the second
:25:04. > :25:10.children's book he ever wrote. The illustrator Quentin Blake worked
:25:11. > :25:12.with Roald Dahl and has produced many drawings for
:25:13. > :25:17.Charlie And The Chocolate Factory. I knew that he rewrote
:25:18. > :25:24.and rewrote many times. For this last chapter
:25:25. > :25:27.about the Vanilla Fudge Mountain, he's leading a group of people who
:25:28. > :25:30.aren't in the final book. It's interesting to see something
:25:31. > :25:32.at an earlier stage, what happened So how does it feel
:25:33. > :25:38.when it comes to leaving a character It's really sad,
:25:39. > :25:43.but sometimes they don't do anything to further the plot or they don't do
:25:44. > :25:47.anything to bring as much as they should and you kind of feel you're
:25:48. > :25:51.placing that on them a little bit. The extra characters had to go
:25:52. > :25:54.because they overcomplicated the story but half a century later, they
:25:55. > :25:57.do give a fascinating insight into the creative process of one of the
:25:58. > :26:05.world's most imaginative authors. If you like your politicians to be
:26:06. > :26:08.clean cut and behave impeccably, you're probably not going to vote
:26:09. > :26:13.for Canada's Rob Ford. He's admitted being drunk in public,
:26:14. > :26:17.confessed to smoking crack cocaine, and been videoed swearing
:26:18. > :26:20.and using threatening language. But as far as we're aware he's
:26:21. > :26:28.never been seen like this. This is the Toronto mayor
:26:29. > :26:31.at a council meeting having a dance and a sing-a-long with the
:26:32. > :26:34.band Jay Douglas and the All Stars. They're performing Bob Marley's
:26:35. > :26:37."One Love." Whether Mr Ford's moves will go
:26:38. > :26:39.down well with That's when he's running
:26:40. > :27:00.for re-election. Good evening. Some reasonable
:27:01. > :27:05.weather on the way this weekend. A lot of dry weather and bright and
:27:06. > :27:08.sunny spells and with light wind, it should feel quite pleasant. Through
:27:09. > :27:12.this evening and overnight, it will stay pretty windy across the British
:27:13. > :27:15.Isles. If you are going out in the next few hours, bring an umbrella.
:27:16. > :27:16.Most places will season