:00:08. > :00:10.This is BBC World News Today with me Daniela Ritorto. A show of unity
:00:11. > :00:15.in Paris. 30 countries come together to
:00:16. > :00:19.promise whatever means necessary to fight Islamic State militants in
:00:20. > :00:24.Iraq. 500 migrants are feared dead after a
:00:25. > :00:28.shipwreck near Malta. Two survivors say traffickers sunk it
:00:29. > :00:31.deliberately. Also coming up: The British Prime
:00:32. > :00:38.Minister, David Cameron makes a plea to people thinking of voting Yes to
:00:39. > :00:45.want by ripping your country apart, you don't get change by undermining
:00:46. > :00:47.your economy, and damaging your businesses and diminishing your
:00:48. > :00:53.Shakespeare and Poland - how a
:00:54. > :00:56.radical design of a new theatre in Gdansk aims to revive a dramatic
:00:57. > :01:16.A big international meeting in Paris has
:01:17. > :01:21.wrapped up, aimed at broadening the international campaign against
:01:22. > :01:26.Islamic State. So, what did they decide? Well foreign ministers from
:01:27. > :01:32.30 countries signed up to help Iraq fight the militants "by all means
:01:33. > :01:37.necessary". One notable absentee from the talks though was Iran,
:01:38. > :01:41.whose leader, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, poured scorn over the
:01:42. > :01:45.international coalition. He said he personally rejected a US offer to
:01:46. > :01:50.cooperate. Iraq's Foreign Minister expressed "regret" that Iran was not
:01:51. > :01:53.invited to the conference. The murder of David Haines at the
:01:54. > :01:56.weekend, the third Western hostage to be killed by the group, has given
:01:57. > :02:00.a new urgency to formalising a unified strategy against the
:02:01. > :02:03.militants. They're now threatening to kill a fourth - a British aid
:02:04. > :02:12.volunteer - as our security correspondent Frank Gardner reports.
:02:13. > :02:25.David Haines, murdered. The recent beheading of these three Western
:02:26. > :02:34.hostages by the so-called Islamic State has helped Alvin eyes world
:02:35. > :02:43.leaders -- has helped focus world leaders. Britain's Home Secretary is
:02:44. > :02:52.where that the life of this dish hostage lies in the balance. We have
:02:53. > :03:00.to do what we can stop -- the life of this hostage from Britain lies in
:03:01. > :03:06.the balance. The challenge for those countries
:03:07. > :03:13.lining up against Islamic State is considerable. The shaded parts of
:03:14. > :03:19.the map sure the territory it now controls. 6 million people are
:03:20. > :03:27.believed to be living under the rule of IS. The CIA estimates it has
:03:28. > :03:37.30,000 fighters. The Government of Iraq feels most threatened. This
:03:38. > :03:42.terrorist organisation has killed elderly people, children, men and
:03:43. > :03:45.women. It aims to establish a state which is a base for further action
:03:46. > :03:50.in the Middle East and throughout the world.
:03:51. > :03:54.John Kerry has spent the last few days racing around the Middle East
:03:55. > :04:00.forming an alliance against IS. The strategy for confronting Islamic
:04:01. > :04:05.State involves not just Iraq and groups in Syria, it is also pulling
:04:06. > :04:15.in all the neighbouring Arab States. The seam-macro two as a threat to
:04:16. > :04:30.them as much as it is to the West. -- the sea IS as a threat.
:04:31. > :04:45.He will Islamic State react? They have been hurt by US strikes but do
:04:46. > :04:50.they have a head and plan? IS wants to draw Western involvement further
:04:51. > :04:56.in order to block them down. Caught up in this is a taxi driver. He was
:04:57. > :05:00.kidnapped delivering aid to refugees in Syria. Islamic State have
:05:01. > :05:03.threatened to behead him. As I mentioned earlier one notable
:05:04. > :05:09.absentee from the talks in Paris was Iran - it has not been invited to
:05:10. > :05:12.the conference and has rejected But could this global effort
:05:13. > :05:35.to fight Islamic State work Iran is fighting IS. Probably more
:05:36. > :05:41.than any other force right now. Iran backed various militias in Iraq.
:05:42. > :05:56.They have been involved in some fierce fighting. What is going on in
:05:57. > :06:02.Iraq and Syria is already immensely tangled. This new fight graphs
:06:03. > :06:07.another layer of confrontation and difficulty onto all of that. There
:06:08. > :06:11.are all kinds of contradictions and potential mishaps for the future
:06:12. > :06:14.inherent in everything that is happening.
:06:15. > :06:17.With me is Ayham Kamel, Director of the Middle East and North Africa
:06:18. > :06:36.Iran was not invited to those stocks that should it have been? It was
:06:37. > :06:43.problematic. -- Iran was not invited to those discussions. Should it have
:06:44. > :06:51.been? Overall not having Iran, one of the
:06:52. > :06:57.cord forces fighting IS on the ground, is in negative, but it is a
:06:58. > :07:02.complicated issue. It is, located on many levels. Let us talk about what
:07:03. > :07:14.came out at Paris today. How satisfactory was at? The slogan is
:07:15. > :07:27.an animated campaign. The reality is there is a clear line. Everyone is
:07:28. > :07:31.hedging. Everyone is watching to see what sort of a campaign we get and
:07:32. > :07:38.what sort of reaction we get from Islamic State. One key issue is that
:07:39. > :07:48.Islamic State has support across the Middle East. A small minority, but
:07:49. > :07:53.one that can be very violent. We are talking about Iraq, but the
:07:54. > :08:05.calculations for cilia are different and complicated. If IS is driven out
:08:06. > :08:13.of Northern Syrian tones, who is there? President Obama is hoping
:08:14. > :08:22.that a moderate force will be treated in time to fill the vacuum.
:08:23. > :08:32.The president nor is the cilia leg of the strategy against IS will be
:08:33. > :08:38.more complicated than the Iraq one. -- the president knows that the
:08:39. > :08:49.Syria leg of the strategy will be more, located. We are in for a very
:08:50. > :08:56.coveted as picture and one that can destabilise. What about the point
:08:57. > :09:05.that was touched on, that IS is gunning for a fight with the West.
:09:06. > :09:09.Are we taking that studiously? I do not think anyone has considered the
:09:10. > :09:13.repercussions of this. This will be a more Western type campaign. Part
:09:14. > :09:31.of the Palace conference is to give it a broader vision, Arab
:09:32. > :09:42.participation, silly participation. -- Sunni participation. The problem
:09:43. > :09:43.is that IS will be here for up to four years to come. There are no
:09:44. > :09:48.easy solutions. A German man has gone on trial in
:09:49. > :09:52.Frankfurt, accused of being a member Prosecutors say Kreshnik Berisha,
:09:53. > :09:56.whose face has been blurred for legal reasons, travelled to
:09:57. > :09:59.Syria last year and fought with the The 20-year-old, who once played
:10:00. > :10:06.for a Jewish football club, It's the first such case to
:10:07. > :10:11.come to court in Germany. More than 400 people
:10:12. > :10:16.from the country are said to have travelled to Syria to fight
:10:17. > :10:23.since the conflict began. Several hundred migrants from Africa
:10:24. > :10:26.and the Middle East who were trying to reach Europe are feared to have
:10:27. > :10:29.died over the past few days. Up to 500 people trying to
:10:30. > :10:32.reach Italy are believed to have lost their lives when their boat
:10:33. > :10:34.sank near Malta on Thursday. In a separate incident, the Libyan
:10:35. > :10:38.navy said dozens of African migrants drowned off the Libyan coast
:10:39. > :10:55.after their vessel sank. Exhausted and dejected. But they are
:10:56. > :11:16.the lucky ones. Rescued after two vessels outsized. -- after two
:11:17. > :11:22.vessels capsized. In a separate incident it is thought that up to
:11:23. > :11:32.500 people may have died off the coast of Malta. Two survivors have
:11:33. > :11:37.told the story. These latest disasters could put the number of
:11:38. > :11:45.people estimated to have died trying to cross the Mediterranean this year
:11:46. > :11:49.close to 3000. The organisation sees 100,000 people have been rescued
:11:50. > :11:52.since January. The Italians say they have picked up thousands of migrants
:11:53. > :11:59.this weekend alone. We can speak to Leonard Doyle,
:12:00. > :12:01.spokesman for the International Organisation
:12:02. > :12:19.for Migration based in Geneva. Can we try to firm up some of these
:12:20. > :12:23.numbers? What we know, and has been widely reported, is that 200
:12:24. > :12:27.migrants died off the coast of Libya. But much more serious,
:12:28. > :12:30.because of the nature of the incident, is what we are learning
:12:31. > :12:36.from eyewitnesses and survivors to the incident off the coast of
:12:37. > :12:41.Malta, and which we are feeling that 500 migrants may have died, there
:12:42. > :12:49.are vessel having been deliberately rammed. We are talking about 700
:12:50. > :12:53.lives lost in a couple of days off the coast of Europe. That is a
:12:54. > :12:58.disaster. It is more than a disaster because of the callousness and evil
:12:59. > :13:02.that has been behind it. These traffickers take a large amount of
:13:03. > :13:07.money from these migrants who are seeking a better life and fleeing
:13:08. > :13:14.from war and horrible situations in their own countries. Men, women and
:13:15. > :13:18.children. They take money from them and the puts them in vessels that
:13:19. > :13:25.are not safe and now they seem to have deliberately sunk a vessel.
:13:26. > :13:31.What is being done to try to stop these tragedies? Do we go after the
:13:32. > :13:40.people smugglers themselves? There is always push and pull factors with
:13:41. > :13:43.asylum seeking. We need to take on board that the statistics collected
:13:44. > :13:53.worldwide are showing that the number of people dying in migrations
:13:54. > :14:02.in America is going down sharply. In safe is your it is practically zero
:14:03. > :14:12.deaths. In the Mediterranean it is nearly 3000. -- in the South Asia it
:14:13. > :14:16.practically zero deaths. It is also a question of what is happening in
:14:17. > :14:21.the environment of Europe. People coming from North Africa where there
:14:22. > :14:29.is war and disease and a collapsing economy. The issues we are facing in
:14:30. > :14:35.Europe seem to be more severe. Our governments doing enough? Italy is
:14:36. > :14:40.the brunt of this. It is not just a question of having more vessels at
:14:41. > :14:44.sea. It is why other people fleeing their countries? Why are they
:14:45. > :14:47.allowed to fall into the hands of traffickers. There are
:14:48. > :14:51.responsibilities on the other side as well. Europeans have their
:14:52. > :14:55.responsibilities and they seem to be a weird of them, but it is not
:14:56. > :14:56.resolved. But on the other side of the Mediterranean there are also
:14:57. > :15:00.problems. before Scotland votes
:15:01. > :15:04.in the independence referendum. Today both the Yes and No
:15:05. > :15:06.campaigns have been busy In the last hour, British Prime
:15:07. > :15:12.Minister David Cameron made an impassioned appeal to the Scottish
:15:13. > :15:15.people to stay in the Union. But Scotland's First Minister
:15:16. > :15:17.Alex Salmond has been focussing on the economy, dismissing fears
:15:18. > :15:34.about the country's future. Will Scotland prosper? For business
:15:35. > :15:40.leaders and their customers, that simple question is at the heart of
:15:41. > :15:45.this campaign. It took 35 years to build up this wholesale business in
:15:46. > :15:52.Glasgow. The boss says times have been tough recently, and
:15:53. > :15:55.independence would herald a boom. We would be much better off, we have
:15:56. > :16:00.more natural resources than anywhere in Europe in Scotland. We would be
:16:01. > :16:04.much better off as a country, and I want to leave a legacy behind for
:16:05. > :16:10.the next generation to come, so that they will live in a prosperous
:16:11. > :16:14.Scotland. Earlier today, he and other business leaders joined Alex
:16:15. > :16:20.Salmond at Edinburgh airport. The message, not all firms are worried
:16:21. > :16:23.about the prospect of a Yes vote. What we have demonstrated today with
:16:24. > :16:27.some of the most serious business people in Scotland, creating tens of
:16:28. > :16:29.thousands of jobs, is that there is very substantial groups in Scottish
:16:30. > :16:34.business who see very substantial groups in Scottish
:16:35. > :16:38.from an independent Scotland. With the world watching, the battle for
:16:39. > :16:41.business is in full swing, as both sides try to persuade voters that
:16:42. > :16:45.their vision for the economy is the strongest. This evening, the Prime
:16:46. > :16:49.Minister arrived in Aberdeen to hammer home his message. Warning
:16:50. > :16:54.that independence would mean the end of British pensions, passports and
:16:55. > :17:01.the pound. Making up Lido rectally to Scotland's voters about the
:17:02. > :17:04.consequences of voting Yes. It would be the end of a country that
:17:05. > :17:09.launched the Enlightenment, abolished slavery, defeated fascism.
:17:10. > :17:13.The end of a country that people around the world respect and admire.
:17:14. > :17:20.The end of a country that all of us call home. And, in the shipyards of
:17:21. > :17:24.the Clyde, where the British Empire was launched, many workers are
:17:25. > :17:28.worried. Scottish shipbuilding has been sustained by Royal Navy orders,
:17:29. > :17:33.and the staff fear for their jobs of Scotland says Yes. We have a
:17:34. > :17:37.complete understanding, clarity and plan of what will happen in the
:17:38. > :17:43.event of a Note, in order to revitalise shipbuilding in the city.
:17:44. > :17:52.We simply do not know what the future would be. Very soon, all will
:17:53. > :17:53.become. The bustle will be over as the people of Scotland will quietly
:17:54. > :17:56.make their choice. Now a look at some
:17:57. > :17:58.of the day?s other news: Troops from 15 countries, including
:17:59. > :18:01.the US and other NATO members, have begun a military
:18:02. > :18:07.exercise in Western Ukraine. Meanwhile, six people have been
:18:08. > :18:10.killed and 15 wounded in shelling around
:18:11. > :18:16.the rebel stronghold of Donetsk The United Nations has relocated
:18:17. > :18:21.several hundred of its peacekeepers in Syria to the part of the
:18:22. > :18:25.Golan Heights controlled by Israel. The move comes two weeks after
:18:26. > :18:28.fighters from the Al-Nusra Front, a Syrian rebel group
:18:29. > :18:31.affiliated with Al-Qaeda, kidnapped more than
:18:32. > :18:35.40 members of the UN force. have been found on
:18:36. > :18:41.an island in Thailand. Authorities say they believe
:18:42. > :18:43.the young man and woman, who were both in their 20s, were
:18:44. > :18:46.attacked and killed on Sunday The local police have blocked
:18:47. > :18:53.all boats from leaving the island in the hope that
:18:54. > :18:59.the culprit is still there. It's nearly eight years since
:19:00. > :19:01.the former Russian agent Alexander Litvinenko
:19:02. > :19:04.was murdered in London. The chief suspect in his killing
:19:05. > :19:08.has made his debut as a host on
:19:09. > :19:11.Russian television today. Andrei Lugovoi presented a
:19:12. > :19:14.documentary series called Traitors. where that's what critics
:19:15. > :19:19.of the Kremlin are being labelled. Our Moscow correspondent
:19:20. > :19:34.Steve Rosenberg reports. To British police, he is the prime
:19:35. > :19:38.suspect in the killing of former Russian agent Alexander Litvinenko.
:19:39. > :19:49.But back home in Russia, he is set to become a TV star. From today,
:19:50. > :19:53.Andrei Lugovoi has his own series, called Traitors, all about Soviet
:19:54. > :20:00.citizens who betrayed the motherland to the West. Andrei Lugovoi denies
:20:01. > :20:06.murder, and Moscow has refused to extradite him to the UK.
:20:07. > :20:11.TRANSLATION: Treachery is always a good subject, not just to Russia,
:20:12. > :20:16.but Britain and America as well. We know you had your own traitors. As
:20:17. > :20:18.long as there is confrontation between us, there will always be
:20:19. > :20:26.traitors. Russia's between us, there will always be
:20:27. > :20:30.to think so. Last month, live on television, Vladimir Putin announced
:20:31. > :20:33.to think so. Last month, live on that there were people in Russia
:20:34. > :20:37.prepared to betray their country's national interest. The Kremlin has
:20:38. > :20:44.also warrant of a fifth: threatening Russia from the inside. State media
:20:45. > :20:48.have employed the freeze, national traitors. But why? With Russia under
:20:49. > :20:52.have employed the freeze, national increasing pressure from sanctions
:20:53. > :20:55.and increasingly isolated from the West, the temptation for the
:20:56. > :20:58.authorities here is to look for traitors and turncoats and fifth
:20:59. > :21:02.columnists, in other traitors and turncoats and fifth
:21:03. > :21:09.out the enemy within to deflect criticism of home. This history
:21:10. > :21:13.teacher has been a vocal critic of Russia's intervention in the
:21:14. > :21:18.Ukraine. But she was astonished to find herself portrayed on national
:21:19. > :21:23.TV news as a traitor, along with several pop stars and politicians.
:21:24. > :21:28.It is much easier to rule when you have enemies, and everybody can
:21:29. > :21:37.unite against these enemies. You can always explain the crisis arising
:21:38. > :21:44.and shops looking empty and so many terrible things happening because of
:21:45. > :21:48.this enemy. She can see that Vladimir Putin's Russia is not
:21:49. > :21:54.Stalin's Russia, where people were sent to the gulag. But criticism
:21:55. > :21:55.here is still equated with treachery, and Russia are still
:21:56. > :21:58.searching for scapegoats. In a couple of months? time,
:21:59. > :22:00.Europe's Rosetta spacecraft will attempt its audacious and
:22:01. > :22:05.historic mission to land on a comet. It's no easy task and scientists
:22:06. > :22:08.have been explaining how they're going to go about it, identifying
:22:09. > :22:25.the safest place to touch down. A strange, barren world scene in
:22:26. > :22:28.greater detail than ever before. It is hard to imagine that comet might
:22:29. > :22:34.have helped life start here your honour. We are no closer than we are
:22:35. > :22:44.now closer to seeing if that is true. No one knows if this is going
:22:45. > :22:49.to be possible, but the extraordinary feat of touching down
:22:50. > :22:54.on a comet, first dreamed up 20 years ago, is now within sight. This
:22:55. > :22:58.mission is at a critical phase, flying alongside the comet, but also
:22:59. > :23:02.planning to send a landing craft on to it as well. An incredible
:23:03. > :23:07.challenge. Let's take a closer look at the biggest danger. The surface
:23:08. > :23:10.is totally unknown. Some parts are extremely rough, others smooth, they
:23:11. > :23:15.may turn out to be soft and quicksand. For the Rosetta
:23:16. > :23:21.spacecraft orbiting the comet, the plan is to release a landing robot.
:23:22. > :23:27.Hopefully, this will descend on touchdown in the right area. The
:23:28. > :23:31.tiny craft will need to get just enough sunlight to charge up its
:23:32. > :23:36.solar panels. Too much sun, and it will overheat. If all goes well,
:23:37. > :23:41.scientists will get the first chance to work out what a comet is really
:23:42. > :23:46.made of. Whether it really did bring the building blocks for a life here
:23:47. > :23:53.to Earth. It should land about your .Mac the landings at -- the landing
:23:54. > :23:59.site is not to be the safest areas. There is no rush to get ready. We
:24:00. > :24:03.have only just seen in the last two weeks images of where we are going
:24:04. > :24:08.to land, and how to make all the calculation so quickly. This is
:24:09. > :24:14.absolutely the most difficult things to be scientists have ever tried to
:24:15. > :24:18.do. This animation makes it look easy, it is expected to happen in
:24:19. > :24:21.November. If it works, we will get the first pictures from the surface
:24:22. > :24:24.of one of the strangest objects in the solar system. And maybe learn
:24:25. > :24:27.something about our own origins as well.
:24:28. > :24:30.Just extraordinary! The link between
:24:31. > :24:31.Poland and Shakespeare But in the 17th century,
:24:32. > :24:35.the Polish city of Gdansk was one of the main destinations
:24:36. > :24:37.for travelling English actors. Now a new theatre hopes to
:24:38. > :24:40.revive that tradition. Kasia Madera went to
:24:41. > :24:54.Gdansk to have a look. The works of Shakespeare were so
:24:55. > :24:57.popular in this part of Holland -- Poland but this black brick building
:24:58. > :25:01.stands on the site of a 17th-century Elizabethan playhouse. The original
:25:02. > :25:06.was built for the travelling English actors who would come every summer
:25:07. > :25:14.to perform in Gdansk. We are standing on the site of this theatre
:25:15. > :25:19.where English players performed, his plays were performed here. It is a
:25:20. > :25:25.historical site, and the whole idea of having Shakespeare in Gdansk is
:25:26. > :25:30.not a crazy idea, it has strong historical significance. But
:25:31. > :25:35.today's performers have one big advantage. This is the only theatre
:25:36. > :25:41.in the whole world with an opening roof, to give theatre-goers that
:25:42. > :25:46.authentic Shakespearean experience, come rain or shine. It takes three
:25:47. > :25:52.minutes through the roof to fully open. The technology of the roof
:25:53. > :25:58.comes from history. Elizabethan theatre was open. Wouldn't it have
:25:59. > :26:05.been easier to do a sliding roof? If you want a sliding roof, you lose
:26:06. > :26:10.the experience of the inner space. The inner space now becomes double.
:26:11. > :26:16.The theatre has famous supporters. Prince Charles is an honorary
:26:17. > :26:26.patron. And Paul and's most celebrated the Rector. -- and Poland
:26:27. > :26:28.was Mac most celebrated director. TRANSLATION: They will show their
:26:29. > :26:34.interpretation of the place. Shakespeare has returned year, this
:26:35. > :26:37.is beautiful. The curtains will be raised, as will the roof, for the
:26:38. > :26:43.grand opening at the end of the week.
:26:44. > :26:46.Thank you very much for watching World News Today. That's it for the
:26:47. > :26:59.programme. The weather forecast is coming up next. Goodbye from me and
:27:00. > :27:04.the team. Today, parts of central and eastern
:27:05. > :27:05.Scotland get hold of a lot of