:00:00. > :00:07.This is BBC World News Today with me Karin Giannone.
:00:08. > :00:16.World leaders gather in Paris to try and hammer out a deal.
:00:17. > :00:23.President Obama called the summit a "turning point".
:00:24. > :00:29.For all of the challenges that we face, the growing threat of climate
:00:30. > :00:34.change to define the contours of this century more
:00:35. > :00:36.A BBC investigation uncovers evidence of corruption by employees
:00:37. > :00:41.of British American Tobacco - one of the UK's biggest companies.
:00:42. > :00:44.Two Israelis are found guilty of the murder of a Palestinian teenager.
:00:45. > :00:46.The revenge killing helped trigger the Gaza War.
:00:47. > :00:48.Pope Francis described Christians and Muslims as "brothers
:00:49. > :00:51.and sisters" as he visits a mosque at the end
:00:52. > :01:12.The largest gathering of world leaders
:01:13. > :01:15.in history taken place in Paris at talks aimed at trying to reach an
:01:16. > :01:22.Among them, US president Barack Obama, who said the negotiations
:01:23. > :01:25.could be a turning point - a moment that leaders finally determined that
:01:26. > :01:32.But the last talks, six years ago, were a failure.
:01:33. > :01:35.Covering the story from Paris for us is our Science correspondent
:01:36. > :01:51.there has been a feeling of optimism here today, although these talks are
:01:52. > :01:56.still a bit haunted by the ghost of Copenhagen six years ago. No deal
:01:57. > :02:00.was reached at the end there. Here, the approach has been a bit
:02:01. > :02:05.different. They have tried to get the world leaders here at the
:02:06. > :02:11.beginning. 150 of them are under one roof. We have had countries like the
:02:12. > :02:15.US and China sent early on high on board they are with this. The mood
:02:16. > :02:19.music here has been we have to do something about climate change.
:02:20. > :02:22.Reporting on the events today is our science editor.
:02:23. > :02:24.The delicate line of the atmosphere changed by our pollution
:02:25. > :02:30.That has been a concern for decades, but nothing has really been done
:02:31. > :02:35.Today came the largest ever gathering
:02:36. > :02:40.They gave some vivid warnings about the dangers climate change
:02:41. > :02:49.Submerged countries, abandoned cities, fields that no longer grow.
:02:50. > :02:52.And he warned that mass migration could follow.
:02:53. > :02:53.Even more floods of desperate peoples seeking the
:02:54. > :03:01.Your deliberations over the next two weeks will decide the
:03:02. > :03:11.fate, not only of those alive today, but also of generations yet unborn.
:03:12. > :03:15.With 40,000 people here, and more world leaders than ever
:03:16. > :03:19.before, it is easy to forget what this is all about.
:03:20. > :03:22.It's the best chance the world has ever had to get
:03:23. > :03:29.a global agreement on doing something about climate change.
:03:30. > :03:32.At the heart of it are plans to cut the carbon dioxide and other gases
:03:33. > :03:38.pumped into the atmosphere, where they trap heat and warm the planet.
:03:39. > :03:42.As temperatures rise, more heatwaves are likely.
:03:43. > :03:45.More than 1,000 people died in Pakistan during 50 degree heat
:03:46. > :03:48.More warming means more melting of the polar ice
:03:49. > :03:51.and that raises the level of the sea, threatening millions who
:03:52. > :04:01.It is a one-metre wave coming on the island, which just goes right
:04:02. > :04:09.And it is concern about the potential impact to
:04:10. > :04:12.animals and people that has brought one of the world's most famous
:04:13. > :04:17.David Attenborough is appealing for action.
:04:18. > :04:20.The longer we take to find a solution, the more difficult it will
:04:21. > :04:24.be, and eventually, it will become impossible to find a solution.
:04:25. > :04:30.Today came one answer - radical new technologies like wind turbines
:04:31. > :04:35.which float high enough to catch the jet stream, part of an initiative
:04:36. > :04:43.The plan was backed by Bill Gates, who told me why more research
:04:44. > :04:48.Burning coal in most places is still cheaper than renewables,
:04:49. > :04:58.and we need breakthroughs so that that cost goes down.
:04:59. > :05:00.Tonight, dense pollution fills the air in
:05:01. > :05:06.Scenes like this have helped to change Chinese attitudes
:05:07. > :05:13.But it is here at the conference centre that we
:05:14. > :05:23.will see if a bold new international agreement is possible.
:05:24. > :05:31.So, lots of positive words here today at the conference, but that
:05:32. > :05:37.does not mean that the next two weeks will be a easy by any means.
:05:38. > :05:43.195 countries plus the EU have to reach a consensus on any deal that
:05:44. > :05:46.is made. There will be tensions between the developed world and the
:05:47. > :05:50.developing world. In previous climate summits the onus was on the
:05:51. > :05:54.developed world to do something about the greenhouse gas emissions.
:05:55. > :05:57.The idea is that they are the ones that had been committing them for
:05:58. > :06:02.years so they should do more about that. Today, 65% of greenhouse gas
:06:03. > :06:08.emissions come from developing countries. China is the biggest
:06:09. > :06:11.emitter, India is the third biggest. There is an onus on everybody to do
:06:12. > :06:17.something. The developing countries are at telling us that you can tell
:06:18. > :06:20.us not to use fossil fuels because look at how they helped you
:06:21. > :06:26.developing your countries. There will be real debates over what will
:06:27. > :06:30.be decided as an acceptable agreement between the different
:06:31. > :06:34.countries here. 195 countries have begun to an agreement so many
:06:35. > :06:40.different interests, they think there will be a deal but exactly
:06:41. > :06:45.what it contains and whether it is enough to stop us moving into what
:06:46. > :06:48.scientists call dangerous climate change, that remains to be seen.
:06:49. > :06:52.Of the countries attending the Paris conference, the biggest emitters
:06:53. > :06:55.have submitted plans in advance on how they will cut
:06:56. > :06:59.But will their promises be enough to keep warming below two degrees - the
:07:00. > :07:03.China and India are among 155 countries committed to
:07:04. > :07:06.cutting fossil fuel use by 30% to 40% over the next 20 years,
:07:07. > :07:12.but fossil fuel demand is projected to increase by similar figures.
:07:13. > :07:16.Analysts the Carbon Tracker Initiative say BP, Exxon and Shell
:07:17. > :07:21.are all projecting a major increase in oil use by 2035, with Opec
:07:22. > :07:26.planning for a rise of 55% The fossil fuel industry will also spend
:07:27. > :07:28.$21 trillion on extracting oil to meet that
:07:29. > :07:38.Anthony Hobley runs the Carbon Tracker Initiative, an independent
:07:39. > :07:41.financial think tank which provides in-depth analysis on the impact of
:07:42. > :07:47.He says that it is likely the Paris conference will fail to cap global
:07:48. > :07:55.warming from going above two degrees.
:07:56. > :08:04.Even the UN's figures said that these national commitments add up to
:08:05. > :08:09.2.7 degrees. There are some analysis that say it is even higher, three
:08:10. > :08:12.and above. The critical thing is that it is a significant difference
:08:13. > :08:19.to the part that we have been on, the business as usual. If Paris is a
:08:20. > :08:23.success, we have got to figure out how to get out of the frying pan.
:08:24. > :08:28.Your group says that the oil giants are all saying that their forecast
:08:29. > :08:34.said that oil demand is going up and up over the next 20 years,
:08:35. > :08:37.businesses usual to use your phrase. How is that squaring with the
:08:38. > :08:41.country say that they are going to reduce demand for traditional fossil
:08:42. > :08:45.fuels. We are hearing wonderful rhetoric from the oil companies and
:08:46. > :08:50.we will hear that in Paris. They think they should be a price on
:08:51. > :08:53.carbon, I'm a change is important. That does not square with their
:08:54. > :09:00.business plans for the future, a rise in demand for fossil fuels.
:09:01. > :09:06.That could be a significant cut in emissions, maybe 30%, but there is a
:09:07. > :09:13.disconnect here. You are not too worried that the end of this, there
:09:14. > :09:18.is not a binding agreement. Why not? I am a lawyer, so you think it
:09:19. > :09:23.would be important, but I think it is important we get a clear and very
:09:24. > :09:26.strong political agreement. It is politically impossible to have
:09:27. > :09:31.illegally but binding agreement because it would not pass the US
:09:32. > :09:34.Congress. What is important is that Paris is seen as a success and it
:09:35. > :09:39.sends a clear policy signal, which will translate to clear financial
:09:40. > :09:43.signals that will drive investment. The key difference between night and
:09:44. > :09:47.six years ago is the clean technology has moved on
:09:48. > :09:52.considerably, it has matured and it is cheaper. I hate to disagree with
:09:53. > :09:55.Bill Gates on live television, but what are financial analysis tells us
:09:56. > :09:57.is that in most of the countries clean energy is a cheaper option
:09:58. > :10:02.than coal-fired electricity. Here in the UK, the Labour leader,
:10:03. > :10:05.Jeremy Corbyn, says he'll allow his MPs a free vote in parliament on
:10:06. > :10:08.the question of air strikes against The Prime Minister, David Cameron,
:10:09. > :10:13.has said he'll ask for a vote when he's sure the measure has
:10:14. > :10:15.enough support to pass. The BBC understands that
:10:16. > :10:17.a debate will be held Have you changed your position
:10:18. > :10:26.on air strikes? Maybe it was never going to be
:10:27. > :10:28.a good day. Mr Corbyn,
:10:29. > :10:32.will you allow a free vote? He started
:10:33. > :10:33.the morning trying to persuade his top team that Labour should
:10:34. > :10:40.argue against air strikes in Syria. Jeremy Corbyn was chosen
:10:41. > :10:44.overwhelmingly by the parties members, in part because he has
:10:45. > :10:46.opposed military action over the Corbyn's hope of compromise was to
:10:47. > :10:53.let his MPs and shadow cabinet vote for air strikes if they wanted to,
:10:54. > :10:57.but at the same time convince them that Labour as a party should
:10:58. > :10:59.formally oppose the war. I'm a little confused, which I am
:11:00. > :11:09.afraid to say is not a new thing Meanwhile, the government was
:11:10. > :11:21.continuing with its efforts to We went to see the Secretary
:11:22. > :11:25.of State for Defence, just for a private briefing,
:11:26. > :11:27.to hear about some of I think it was important
:11:28. > :11:34.and I would encourage all members of Parliament to do that
:11:35. > :11:36.if they have the opportunity. This was always going to be hard
:11:37. > :11:39.for the Labour Party. Its leader, Jeremy Corbyn,
:11:40. > :11:46.and many members are fundamentally against the idea
:11:47. > :11:48.of any air strikes in Syria. But a significant chunk of the
:11:49. > :11:52.party's MPs think it is a good idea. For nearly two hours, the party's
:11:53. > :11:55.senior team have been meeting, The only thing that is clear,
:11:56. > :12:02.suggests whispers from inside the room, is how confused
:12:03. > :12:13.the party's position really is. After two hours of wrangling,
:12:14. > :12:16.it was decided Labour will not officially oppose RAF jets bombing
:12:17. > :12:20.Syria as well as Iraq. Jeremy Corbyn backed down
:12:21. > :12:22.and his party will be allowed to I actually have more
:12:23. > :12:26.in common with the Tory chair of the defence select committee
:12:27. > :12:29.today than I may do with some of my Labour colleagues, but I do think
:12:30. > :12:33.these things cross party boundaries Dozens of Labour MPs are now likely
:12:34. > :12:41.to back the government in its bid to expand the fight
:12:42. > :12:44.against so-called Islamic State. Like in Glasgow tonight,
:12:45. > :13:09.opposition in Westminster is deeply The carbon containing the Russian
:13:10. > :13:16.pilot shot down over Turkey last week has arrived at. The Turkish
:13:17. > :13:19.prime minister says that he will not apologise for the shooting down of
:13:20. > :13:22.the jet, saying his military was doing its job of defending its
:13:23. > :13:28.airspace. A BBC investigation has uncovered
:13:29. > :13:30.evidence of corruption and bribery Panorama found
:13:31. > :13:33.British American Tobacco paid bribes to politicians and civil servants
:13:34. > :13:36.in countries across East Africa. The illegal payments even
:13:37. > :13:37.undermined a UN initiative The company could face prosecution
:13:38. > :13:40.around the world BAT says it does not
:13:41. > :13:43.tolerate corruption. Thousands of farmers work these
:13:44. > :13:52.hills, but there is another way We're on our way to meet
:13:53. > :14:00.a very important man. This is a guy who helps to decide
:14:01. > :14:04.who gets to buy and sell tobacco. And what we know
:14:05. > :14:06.about the man we are We have seen documents that show he
:14:07. > :14:21.was paid $20,000 by BAT to charge He doesn't know,
:14:22. > :14:27.I know he is corrupt. If a sitting MP took a bribe,
:14:28. > :14:31.how would you feel about that? The evidence suggests he is,
:14:32. > :14:48.and we know because of this man. Paul Hopkins was in the Irish
:14:49. > :14:51.Special Forces before he joined BAT. He says he was told that bribery was
:14:52. > :14:54.the cost of doing business My job was to ensure that
:14:55. > :15:03.the competition never got So BAT, they knew what they
:15:04. > :15:10.wanted you to do and they BAT sold 667 billion cigarettes last
:15:11. > :15:29.year, and made ?4.5 billion profit. But the documents Paul has supplied
:15:30. > :15:33.shows employees paid bribes to change anti-tobacco legislation,
:15:34. > :15:35.damage rivals, even undermine a UN effort to save
:15:36. > :15:41.lives. Bribes were paid to three officials
:15:42. > :15:43.connected to a World Health Organisation supported
:15:44. > :15:46.campaign which aimed to reduce I showed our evidence to
:15:47. > :15:57.the woman who runs the campaign. That is BAT paying
:15:58. > :15:59.a representative $3000. It is a company which is
:16:00. > :16:10.irresponsible, to say the least. It is using bribery to profit
:16:11. > :16:17.at the cost of people's lives. BAT failed to answer any
:16:18. > :16:25.of our questions directly. So I caught up with chief executive
:16:26. > :16:29.Nicandro Durante as he arrived Why did you not respond to
:16:30. > :16:35.our e-mails about bribery? Is that the nature of BAT, sir,
:16:36. > :16:40.that you put up with bribery? and will not tolerate corruption,
:16:41. > :16:48.no matter where it takes place. Our accusers in this programme left
:16:49. > :16:51.us in acrimonious circumstances The whistle-blower is due to meet
:16:52. > :16:58.investigators from the UK's Serious Fraud Office this week,
:16:59. > :17:01.to discuss the bribery secrets of A court has found two Israelis
:17:02. > :17:12.guilty of the murder The killing was part of a spiral
:17:13. > :17:16.of violence that helped trigger Kevin Connolly reports
:17:17. > :17:20.from Jerusalem. Grainy pictures
:17:21. > :17:22.from a security camera capture the moment when Mohammed Abu Khdeir
:17:23. > :17:25.was abducted in the summer He had been beaten and burned
:17:26. > :17:34.while he was still alive. A few hours earlier,
:17:35. > :17:36.Israel had buried three Jewish teenagers who had been murdered
:17:37. > :17:38.by Palestinian extremists The killing of Mohammed Abu Khdeir
:17:39. > :17:50.was widely seen as a reprisal. His funeral was an outpouring
:17:51. > :17:58.of anger, as well as grief. of the kidnapping and murder
:17:59. > :18:05.of the Palestinian teenager. They can't be identified
:18:06. > :18:09.because they are too young. A third key figure
:18:10. > :18:12.in the trial was this older man, Yosef Haim Ben David, portrayed
:18:13. > :18:18.in some accounts as the ringleader. The judges agreed he had taken part
:18:19. > :18:21.in the crimes, but are now considering a
:18:22. > :18:26.last-minute psychological assessment from his lawyers, arguing he was
:18:27. > :18:30.not responsible for his actions. The family of Mohammed Abu Khdeir
:18:31. > :18:32.have condemned the Israeli We don't trust
:18:33. > :18:40.the Israeli court system. They judge the Palestinians
:18:41. > :18:46.differently from the Israelis. The court's verdict on his mental
:18:47. > :18:53.state is expected next month. The outcome of those deliberations
:18:54. > :18:56.and the sentencing which follows Palestinians harbour deep suspicions
:18:57. > :19:02.that Israelis are less likely to be prosecuted for hate crimes like this
:19:03. > :19:06.and more likely to be leniently Pope Francis has ended the first
:19:07. > :19:19.trip by a Pontiff to an active war zone by condemning violence
:19:20. > :19:22.carried out in the name of God. He was in the
:19:23. > :19:24.Central African Republic, where he visited a mosque in Bangui,
:19:25. > :19:27.a building used by Muslims seeking In recent years, the long-lasting
:19:28. > :19:32.fighting in the country has taken on Thousands of people also turned out
:19:33. > :19:37.to celebrate Mass with the Pope Our Religious Affairs Correspondent
:19:38. > :19:53.Caroline Wyatt was there. It has been a remarkable day for
:19:54. > :20:00.Pope Francis and the people of Bangui who have flocked to see him.
:20:01. > :20:04.The day began at a mosque in an area of the city that has become a symbol
:20:05. > :20:08.of the fault line between Christians and Muslims. It is an area were
:20:09. > :20:13.15,000 Muslims have sought shelter around the mosque because of years
:20:14. > :20:18.of Christian militia that would attack them if they left. Pope
:20:19. > :20:25.Francis was determined to go to the Moscow send this of solidarity. He
:20:26. > :20:27.spoke to the Imam and they showed solidarity, showing the Christians
:20:28. > :20:41.and Muslims can stand side by side. We all want peace here. The Pope
:20:42. > :20:48.made clear that he believed that no one with real religious motives
:20:49. > :20:55.would commit the violence that has been seen here. We said that God is
:20:56. > :20:57.peace. There is an incredible atmosphere here at the stadium were
:20:58. > :21:02.the Pope is saying Mass. It has been a remarkable day
:21:03. > :21:05.for Pope Francis and the people of a lot to those who have come out -
:21:06. > :21:13.whether in the displaced people's camps, or elsewhere,
:21:14. > :21:21.because it is seen as a sign that The Pope has expressed his hopes for
:21:22. > :21:23.the referendum that should take place this December. He says he
:21:24. > :21:29.hopes that Bangui's leaders would prove up to the task of trying to
:21:30. > :21:33.bring peace to this country. His visit has been a symbol for many, it
:21:34. > :21:37.may not bring peace in Major league, but he has sent a strong symbol, a
:21:38. > :21:42.message about Christians and Muslims can and should live in peace after
:21:43. > :21:49.so much despair and suffering here. Wales is about to become
:21:50. > :21:52.the first UK nation to make every The system, known as presumed
:21:53. > :21:56.consent, will mean that people who don't want to donate their organs
:21:57. > :21:59.will have to formally opt out. It comes into force tomorrow
:22:00. > :22:02.and supporters say it will save lives with organs available to
:22:03. > :22:04.patients across the UK. Our Wales correspondent
:22:05. > :22:17.Hywel Griffith has more details. Early in the morning, three times a
:22:18. > :22:26.week this is Sam's routine. Being hooked up to a machine that does the
:22:27. > :22:30.work his kidneys cannot. Two macro heart attacks, 16 seizures and four
:22:31. > :22:33.in just cool mouse, organ failure has taken its toll. He is about to
:22:34. > :22:37.go back on the waiting list for a transplant in the hope that a new
:22:38. > :22:43.kidney will come. It would make a huge difference because the tool
:22:44. > :22:49.that it's in your body with drainage and everything like that, I can
:22:50. > :22:55.finally work, get a proper job and live my life like a normal
:22:56. > :23:00.21-year-old. Until now the number of organs available has depended on
:23:01. > :23:02.people signing up to donate. Gemma Bennett's job is to have the
:23:03. > :23:07.impossible conversations with families about to lose their loved
:23:08. > :23:13.ones and ask about donation. We are going in to speak to these families
:23:14. > :23:16.on the work -- on the worst days of their lives. More families are
:23:17. > :23:22.likely to say yes because it is a positive thing that they have chosen
:23:23. > :23:27.not to on -- not to opt out. It is thought the new system will bring
:23:28. > :23:33.just 15 extra donations a year, or around 50 organs. They won't all
:23:34. > :23:38.stay in Wales. Wheels will still be part of a UK wide transplant network
:23:39. > :23:43.so organs will still carry on the move across borders to whatever page
:23:44. > :23:47.needs it the most. The same law was introduced in Belgium back in 1986
:23:48. > :23:50.with little controversy. It was followed by an increase in
:23:51. > :23:57.transplants but the organ donation rate here has varied. In 2010 it was
:23:58. > :24:01.lower than in Wales. One of the leading doctors in Belgium says that
:24:02. > :24:08.changing the law does not guarantee results. You have to work on it
:24:09. > :24:13.every day. The organ donation law is only one part of the puzzle of many
:24:14. > :24:17.things that have to come together in order to be successful. Sam's hopes
:24:18. > :24:21.of getting a new organ depends on donations across the UK. Scotland
:24:22. > :24:26.and Northern Ireland are considering following wheels, but then neither
:24:27. > :24:29.is going alone in his days of dialysis are unlikely to end soon.
:24:30. > :24:33.Before we go, there's just time to show you this -
:24:34. > :24:38.Canadian brothers Michael and Neil Fletcher managed to snap this
:24:39. > :24:42.selfie with a bald eagle they rescued from a trap.
:24:43. > :24:44.The pair were hunting for grouse nearby in Ontario when
:24:45. > :24:48.they spotted the struggling bird and worked painstakingly to free it.
:24:49. > :24:51.Before leaving the eagle to fly away, the Fletchers decided to take
:24:52. > :25:00.Neil Fletcher has been telling us the story of this unique rescue.
:25:01. > :25:10.I would not say we panic. We were a little bit nervous at the very
:25:11. > :25:18.beginning. Once the Eagle calmed down, so did we. We proceeded to
:25:19. > :25:23.free the trapped from his leg and tried to get him to let go of that
:25:24. > :25:29.as well. The way it works is at this kind of a clamp mechanism --
:25:30. > :25:34.mechanism. It clamps onto his leg so if you release the two macro
:25:35. > :25:43.springs, if you release them the trap opens. The hardest thing is to
:25:44. > :25:49.get the Eagle to release, the open its talons and actually let go of
:25:50. > :25:50.the trap. You would not let go of it -- he would not let go of it, so
:25:51. > :25:52.that was the hardest part of it. You can get in touch with me
:25:53. > :25:57.and some of the team via Twitter -