:00:00. > :00:00.This is BBC World News Today with me, Karin Giannone.
:00:07. > :00:09.The headlines: North Korea announces it's taken a giant stride in testing
:00:10. > :00:19.But the claim is met with scepticism and unanimous condemnation
:00:20. > :00:26.North Korea needs to end these provocations, needs to commit
:00:27. > :00:36.to a denuclearised Korean peninsular.
:00:37. > :00:38.They're meant to be saving the lives of migrants crossing
:00:39. > :00:48.the Mediterranean but now Turkey says it's confiscated more than 1000
:00:49. > :00:52.Now German police actions on the night are called
:00:53. > :01:01.And for all the star-gazers amongst you, we look ahead to the top five
:01:02. > :01:26.space stories to look out for in 2016.
:01:27. > :01:29.The shockwaves from what seems to be North Korea's latest nuclear test
:01:30. > :01:50.Now the UN Security Council has been meeting to discuss the situation.
:01:51. > :01:53.It's not clear yet if that is true but seismologists did detect a large
:01:54. > :01:58.earth tremor close to one of North Korea's nuclear sites.
:01:59. > :02:00.Just to explain an H-bomb, or hydrogen bomb, thermonuclear
:02:01. > :02:03.weapons use a two-stage process to create a massive explosion.
:02:04. > :02:05.Tests have shown a blast 25,000 times the size of those
:02:06. > :02:08.which destroyed Hiroshima and Nagasaki during the Second World
:02:09. > :02:11.Until now, only six countries were known to possess thermonuclear
:02:12. > :02:16.weapons - the US, the UK, Russia, China, France and India.
:02:17. > :02:18.Analysts will be working hard to confirm whether or not
:02:19. > :02:21.North Korea has now joined that list.
:02:22. > :02:23.There has been worldwide condemnation.
:02:24. > :02:25.Even China, seen as Pyongyang's closest ally, said it firmly
:02:26. > :02:29.Our correspondent, Rupert Wingfield-Hayes,
:02:30. > :02:39.At 10am, North Korean state television made the dramatic
:02:40. > :02:46.A successful hydrogen bomb test has been carried out,
:02:47. > :02:51.On the streets of Pyongyang, crowds had been marshalled to watch
:02:52. > :02:57.the announcement and to do their patriotic duty.
:02:58. > :03:00.The United States is the aggressor with all kinds of nuclear weapons
:03:01. > :03:03.waiting to invade our country so having a hydrogen bomb
:03:04. > :03:10.Across the border in South Korea, they measured a man-made earthquake
:03:11. > :03:17.It was not very big and it remains unclear whether this latest test
:03:18. > :03:23.really was a hydrogen device as Pyongyang claims.
:03:24. > :03:25.So what is the difference between a hydrogen bomb
:03:26. > :03:32.Atomic bombs were first dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945.
:03:33. > :03:36.The blast is created by splitting an atom,
:03:37. > :03:40.releasing the huge amount of energy contained inside.
:03:41. > :03:44.Hydrogen bombs use an atomic bomb to force elements together,
:03:45. > :03:47.creating what is called a fusion reaction.
:03:48. > :03:51.The resulting blast is thousands of times more powerful
:03:52. > :03:58.But hydrogen bombs are much more difficult to make.
:03:59. > :04:02.North Korea's soldiers may be good at goose-stepping but a hydrogen
:04:03. > :04:07.bomb would put this impoverished country in a different league.
:04:08. > :04:10.The main beneficiary would be its young dictator,
:04:11. > :04:15.In October, he paraded the huge war machine he commands,
:04:16. > :04:19.including North Korea's latest long-range missiles which,
:04:20. > :04:25.one day, could carry nuclear warheads.
:04:26. > :04:29.For the young Kim Jong-un, nuclear weapons are about one thing,
:04:30. > :04:34.Perhaps Kim Jong-un wants to tell his domestic constituents
:04:35. > :04:39.that he is powerful, strong, in control of his regime
:04:40. > :04:41.that he just took over a few years ago.
:04:42. > :04:44.He also seems to be trying to tell the international community
:04:45. > :04:47.that his country is a nuclear weapons state.
:04:48. > :04:51.That means that his country is a nuclear power.
:04:52. > :04:53.For people living here, the idea that North Korea,
:04:54. > :04:57.just 30 miles away to the north of here, may now have a hydrogen
:04:58. > :05:03.But the question remains, what can the world do about it?
:05:04. > :05:06.Sanctions have been tried and have failed.
:05:07. > :05:09.Maybe it is now time for the world to engage with North Korea but it's
:05:10. > :05:14.very hard to see how any Western leader can engage with a regime that
:05:15. > :05:29.UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon described North Korea's behaviour
:05:30. > :05:33.On the ground, the nuclear test announced by the Democratic People's
:05:34. > :05:38.Republic of Korea on the 6th of January is deeply troubling.
:05:39. > :05:42.This test once again violates numerous Security Council
:05:43. > :05:47.resolutions despite the united call by the international community
:05:48. > :05:55.It is also a grave contravention of the international norm
:05:56. > :06:04.This act is profoundly destabilising for regional security and seriously
:06:05. > :06:10.undermines international nonproliferation efforts.
:06:11. > :06:25.Turkish police have confiscated more than 1000 fake life jackets made
:06:26. > :06:27.for migrants wanting to cross the Aegean Sea to Greece.
:06:28. > :06:30.In a raid on a workshop in the port of Izmir,
:06:31. > :06:32.they say they found life jackets stuffed with packaging rather
:06:33. > :06:54.About 1264 of these fake life jackets, pictures show the police
:06:55. > :06:58.inside the workshop. The life jackets were piled all around. The
:06:59. > :07:05.police asked one of the workers, how long will they survive in the water?
:07:06. > :07:11.The worker said, all I did was stitch it together. He says they
:07:12. > :07:17.were able to make the jackets for about $1 apiece and they might be
:07:18. > :07:21.sold for more than that but they would have provided no protection
:07:22. > :07:25.whatsoever to anyone who bought them. We understand that particular
:07:26. > :07:31.workshop had been in operation for two weeks. We don't know exactly how
:07:32. > :07:37.many they wouldn't sold migrants. Looking at the pictures, how
:07:38. > :07:42.professional does it seem? It looks from those pictures pretty
:07:43. > :07:49.ramshackle. Another detail the police have told us as they believe
:07:50. > :07:53.to underage Syrians, girls, were also working there, perhaps ditching
:07:54. > :07:59.the life jackets together as well for their fellow migrants. But there
:08:00. > :08:05.is no suggestion this was a Syrian run operation. The suggestion was
:08:06. > :08:06.that this was run in Turkey, selling those jackets to mostly Syrians or
:08:07. > :08:10.Afghans. The German Interior Minister,
:08:11. > :08:12.Thomas de Maiziere, has strongly criticised the police
:08:13. > :08:15.for their handling of sex attacks by gangs of men during new year
:08:16. > :08:19.celebrations in Cologne. At least 100 women say
:08:20. > :08:21.they were assaulted There've only been a handful
:08:22. > :08:25.of arrests so far. Witnesses say the attackers were
:08:26. > :08:29.North African or Arab in appearance. Last night these women came together
:08:30. > :08:36.to support those who had Starting on the square in front
:08:37. > :08:50.of Cologne Cathedral, Measures should be taken and we
:08:51. > :08:51.should show solidarity amongst each other against violence.
:08:52. > :08:54.Starting on the square in front of Cologne Cathedral,
:08:55. > :08:56.hundreds then made their way through the city where dozens
:08:57. > :08:59.of women were sexually harassed, assaulted and mugged on New Year's
:09:00. > :09:07.Jenny had a firecracker put into her jacket and then her phone stolen.
:09:08. > :09:11.TRANSLATION: Then I heard a sizzling sound in my hood and I tried to get
:09:12. > :09:14.it out of my hood and then it fell into my jacket
:09:15. > :09:27.The attackers who also targeted this area outside the main station
:09:28. > :09:31.are described as young men of Arab or North African appearance
:09:32. > :09:35.which has led to anti-migrant campaigners claiming this is proof
:09:36. > :09:39.Germany is letting in too many refugees.
:09:40. > :09:42.One woman who was there though said they looked like regular pickpockets
:09:43. > :09:46.and leaders are urging people not to come to foregone conclusions,
:09:47. > :09:53.TRANSLATION: This morning, we developed measures which prevent
:09:54. > :10:09.It is also important that we don't let it take away from celebrating
:10:10. > :10:11.carnival because of such incidents. Despite there being no
:10:12. > :10:13.suspects or arrests, the event has clearly
:10:14. > :10:14.shocked so many. Police now need to find out
:10:15. > :10:17.who was behind the assaults, First of all, where are we with the
:10:18. > :10:38.dimension of crime. First of all, where are we with the
:10:39. > :10:42.police investigation? Today we got the information that for young men
:10:43. > :10:47.have been arrested. They have African roots, North
:10:48. > :10:50.have been arrested. They have To have been free again
:10:51. > :10:54.have been arrested. They have evidence was not strong enough.
:10:55. > :10:55.Those four men have been caught pickpocketing but there is also
:10:56. > :11:00.evidence pickpocketing but there is also
:11:01. > :11:01.sexual harassment as well. But even though they are migrants, there is
:11:02. > :11:19.no organised crime. The police deny any
:11:20. > :11:24.the angle we are seeing. The organised crime. The police deny any
:11:25. > :11:30.of the attacks themselves but also at the handling of this by the
:11:31. > :11:38.authorities. Well, the problem is most of those women were not
:11:39. > :11:43.directly from Cologne but tourists. It took awhile to collect all the
:11:44. > :11:49.reports and get the full picture. The question is, why are there so
:11:50. > :11:53.many people in those small places? It is always happening in big
:11:54. > :12:00.events, the example New Year's Eve or Carnival which is up. This is a
:12:01. > :12:04.problem, but too many people gather in small places and you cannot
:12:05. > :12:10.control what is going on. There is a certain amount of anger. You can see
:12:11. > :12:14.on social media but the fact that this story would normally make
:12:15. > :12:21.headline news straightaway but only really started to emerge a days
:12:22. > :12:26.later. That's correct. The police first reported directly on the 1st
:12:27. > :12:31.of January that everything was fine and all the information came in
:12:32. > :12:36.later because it took a while to collect the reports to get the full
:12:37. > :12:43.picture. Not everybody went to the police directly. Right now, women go
:12:44. > :12:48.to the police to say, this happen to us as well. We realise that in
:12:49. > :12:53.Dusseldorf in hamburg, the feeling is that most of the women were not
:12:54. > :12:57.going to the police directly because maybe they were ashamed not sure but
:12:58. > :13:00.now that it is getting bigger and bigger, more and more women are
:13:01. > :13:06.going to the police as saying, this thing happened to me. Are people
:13:07. > :13:10.accusing the authorities of being too reluctant to publicise what is
:13:11. > :13:14.going on in this investigation because of fears of sensitivities
:13:15. > :13:22.over immigration, given the number of refugees that Germany is taking
:13:23. > :13:26.in and debate around that? The police are accused of acting too
:13:27. > :13:29.slow to coordinate and they did not have a good overview of the
:13:30. > :13:42.situation and also, the head of the police in Cologne is reluctant to
:13:43. > :13:47.leave. The discussion is very big about refugees. There is no proof
:13:48. > :13:53.those attackers were refugees but they look like migrants so it is
:13:54. > :14:00.still a discussion that the right-wing populists use for their
:14:01. > :14:03.thoughts. Thank you for taking the time to put to us in Cologne.
:14:04. > :14:08.In Washington, a White House spokesman said its initial analysis
:14:09. > :14:10.of North Korea's nuclear test was inconsistent with Pyongyang's
:14:11. > :14:25.claim to have successfully exploded a hydrogen bomb.
:14:26. > :14:35.What is true is that North Korea continues to be one of the most
:14:36. > :14:44.isolated nations in the world. And their isolation has only deepened as
:14:45. > :14:52.they have sought to engage in increasingly provocative acts. These
:14:53. > :14:54.include not just nuclear tests but some ballistic missile tests that
:14:55. > :14:55.have attracted attention over the years as well.
:14:56. > :15:01.Let's hear now from the BBC's Aleem Maqbool in Washington.
:15:02. > :15:07.Interesting to have all permanent members of the Security Council
:15:08. > :15:13.standing as one over this. That is how it appeared an hour ago and
:15:14. > :15:17.certainly the statement that came out of the Security Council looked
:15:18. > :15:21.that way. It called this a threat to international peace and that there
:15:22. > :15:25.was a unanimous feeling that something had to be done immediately
:15:26. > :15:29.in terms of imposing further measures on North Korea to ensure it
:15:30. > :15:33.did not continue to violate Security Council resolutions. Since then, we
:15:34. > :15:38.have heard from different ambassadors to the UN, firstly the
:15:39. > :15:45.Japanese ambassador. It was interesting to listen to him.
:15:46. > :15:50.Japan's efforts to engage with North Korea, to economically cooperate
:15:51. > :15:55.with North Korea, and saying that did not work, so was time to impose
:15:56. > :15:59.further sanctions. Then we heard from Russia's ambassador, saying it
:16:00. > :16:04.was going too far that Russia supported further sanctions but what
:16:05. > :16:09.we have heard is that during that meeting, nobody disagreed or voiced
:16:10. > :16:16.their opposition to further sanctions. Somewhat unified response
:16:17. > :16:20.from the Security Council but as well as these measures, the Security
:16:21. > :16:25.Council is talking about coming up with individual countries looking to
:16:26. > :16:30.impose further measures on North Korea. A lot of people will look at
:16:31. > :16:36.Beijing, which has condemned this act by North Korea to look to see if
:16:37. > :16:41.Beijing will put its own economic pressure on North Korea. How have we
:16:42. > :16:46.seen China's stance change regarding North Korea, especially what it said
:16:47. > :16:54.straight after this announcement? Well, North Korea has been defying
:16:55. > :17:03.Beijing for some time. There were six party talks to try and end North
:17:04. > :17:08.Korea's nuclear development but North Korea pulled out of those and
:17:09. > :17:15.in spite of Beijing's efforts to try and engage more with North Korea, we
:17:16. > :17:19.have had the North Korean leader rejected invitations to go to
:17:20. > :17:25.Beijing, for example, and now this. And we have heard that China did not
:17:26. > :17:31.know that this test would take place and Beijing has condemned this test.
:17:32. > :17:39.So it does appear that Beijing has certainly been angered by this and
:17:40. > :17:43.the question is, does North Korea care about that? You heard the White
:17:44. > :17:48.House spokesman saying it is one of the most isolated country's honour
:17:49. > :17:53.but that has not stopped it continuing its nuclear development
:17:54. > :17:58.and it would have known in doing this what only members of the UN
:17:59. > :18:04.Security Council and its neighbours and one of its only allies in
:18:05. > :18:08.Beijing, that it has not stopped it. It will be interesting to see what
:18:09. > :18:12.kind of measures the UN comes up with, or individual countries come
:18:13. > :18:18.up with, that will have any kind of response from North Korea in terms
:18:19. > :18:20.of its stopping its nuclear development.
:18:21. > :18:22.Iranian diplomats have left Saudi Arabia amidst a fierce
:18:23. > :18:26.diplomatic row between the two countries.
:18:27. > :18:28.Meanwhile, the Iranian President, Hassan Rouhani, has called for those
:18:29. > :18:31.who attacked the Saudi embassy in the Iranian capital to be
:18:32. > :18:34.prosecuted swiftly in what appears to be an attempt to keep
:18:35. > :18:37.The latest developments follow Saturday's execution by the Saudis
:18:38. > :18:42.So what impact this could have on the world?
:18:43. > :19:02.Saudi Arabia and Iran are the rival military power in regional conflicts
:19:03. > :19:08.which have killed hundreds of thousands. They view themselves as
:19:09. > :19:12.defenders of Sunni and Shia Islam respectively and mean the tensions
:19:13. > :19:17.between them are fuelling sectarian divisions across the Middle East.
:19:18. > :19:22.The country is not at all directly but fighting on opposite sides
:19:23. > :19:26.elsewhere in proxy wars. Both countries are crucial to any
:19:27. > :19:32.solution to the war in Syria. Iran is a key ally of President Assad was
:19:33. > :19:37.Saudi Arabia supports rebels trying to overthrow him. There was a big
:19:38. > :19:41.breakthrough last year. The Saudis drop their objections to Tehran
:19:42. > :19:47.involved in negotiations but the recent breakdown in dangerous UN
:19:48. > :19:48.involved in negotiations but the and run would be at the main table
:19:49. > :19:54.but it is hard to see any credible deal be made without their consent.
:19:55. > :20:01.Iran could also deal be made without their consent.
:20:02. > :20:08.affected. -- Iraq. Anything that increases
:20:09. > :20:08.affected. -- Iraq. Anything that it even harder to build on success
:20:09. > :20:13.and it even harder to build on success
:20:14. > :20:14.soul, vital if Islamic State is to be defeated.
:20:15. > :20:29.soul, vital if Islamic State is to campaign to stop the Sufis taking
:20:30. > :20:34.power. Recently, the Saudi led coalition and the end of a ceasefire
:20:35. > :20:38.that neither side had either observed so will this row push both
:20:39. > :20:43.sides further apart now? Tensions have also increased in Lebanon where
:20:44. > :20:47.the spill-over from the Syrian war has heightened sectarian rifts in
:20:48. > :20:53.recent years. Countries have been without a President since May 20 14.
:20:54. > :20:58.Recent efforts to elect one had been derailed so the breakdown between
:20:59. > :21:01.the Saudi kingdom and an is already having huge consequences throughout
:21:02. > :21:04.the Middle East and that means intern that the whole world will be
:21:05. > :21:08.profoundly affected. Coca-Cola has apologised
:21:09. > :21:10.to the people of Russia and Ukraine after a map in its New Year
:21:11. > :21:13.advertising campaign ended up In its greeting on a social media
:21:14. > :21:17.website, the soft drinks company published a festive map of Russia
:21:18. > :21:19.in Coca-Cola's trademark red and white colours but the map
:21:20. > :21:22.excluded Crimea, the Ukrainian Stung by a barrage of Russian
:21:23. > :21:27.criticism over the omission, Coca-Coca republished
:21:28. > :21:35.the map including Crimea. Coca-Cola has blamed its Russia
:21:36. > :21:45.marketing agency for adding Crimea The French conductor and composer
:21:46. > :21:47.Pierre Boulez has died He was famous for never
:21:48. > :21:51.using a baton and had celebrated stints with orchestras on both
:21:52. > :21:54.sides of the Atlantic. He also had a passion
:21:55. > :21:56.for experimentation Here he is conducting a BBC
:21:57. > :22:01.orchestra in Russia in 1967 with one 2015 was a momentous year for space
:22:02. > :22:43.exploration with high-profile missions to Pluto and Ceres giving
:22:44. > :22:48.us unprecedented images but what does this
:22:49. > :22:50.year hold in store? Rebecca Morelle looks
:22:51. > :23:02.to the skies for answers. I am the BBC's science
:23:03. > :23:12.correspondence and these are my top space stories to look out for in
:23:13. > :23:19.2016. Nasa's Juno spacecraft is closing in on Jupiter. It is not the
:23:20. > :23:23.first time we visited the solar system's biggest planet but this
:23:24. > :23:28.probe gets us closer than ever before. It will look in detail at
:23:29. > :23:32.Jupiter's polar regions as well as the planet's giant red spots, a
:23:33. > :23:38.colossal storm which has been raging on the surface of years. 2016 could
:23:39. > :23:41.also be the year that we get the first direct evidence of
:23:42. > :23:45.gravitational waves. They are ripples of energy that distort the
:23:46. > :23:50.fabric of space and time at these were predicted by Einstein. Now
:23:51. > :23:54.scientists in America and Italy had been switched on. They believe this
:23:55. > :24:00.could be our best chance ever seen these cosmic curiosities for the
:24:01. > :24:06.first time. The Falcon heavy rocket. A US company tried to launch its
:24:07. > :24:10.giant rocket up into space. If it succeeds, it will become the most
:24:11. > :24:16.powerful operational launch in the world. It has got a triple set of
:24:17. > :24:20.boosters and can carry a very hefty 53 tonnes of cargo. It could also
:24:21. > :24:27.take humans into orbit in the future. The XO Mars mission.
:24:28. > :24:35.Europe's last mission to Mars was in 2003. It carried the ill-fated
:24:36. > :24:40.rocket but now the European Space Agency is going back. It launches in
:24:41. > :24:47.March. It will look for signs of life. It will also land a probe on
:24:48. > :24:52.the planet's servers to test the technology for a roller -- rover
:24:53. > :24:57.that will set down. And finally, Fairwater Rosetta. Remember the
:24:58. > :25:03.excitement of the 2014 mission where scientists made history by landing a
:25:04. > :25:09.probe on a comet? In 2016, the spectacular mission comes to an end.
:25:10. > :25:14.The team will attempt to land the mothership. It will most likely kill
:25:15. > :25:26.the spacecraft that gained last blast data, helping the mission to
:25:27. > :25:32.go out with a bang. Photographs have been released of Prince George to
:25:33. > :25:38.mark his first day at nursery. The slabs were taken by his mother, the
:25:39. > :25:43.Duchess of Cambridge. They were taken near the family home in
:25:44. > :25:47.Norfolk. The couple are staying in Norfolk but not when they are in
:25:48. > :25:52.residence at Kensington Palace in London.
:25:53. > :25:56.Next the weather but for now, from me, Karin Giannone,
:25:57. > :26:15.Still looks pretty unsettled over the next few days. Further spells of
:26:16. > :26:19.wind and rain. We will take a look at the satellite sequence which
:26:20. > :26:22.shows a lot of cloud coming in from the Atlantic. It is rain bearing
:26:23. > :26:23.cloud and