:00:00. > :00:08.This is BBC World News Today with me Karin Giannone.
:00:09. > :00:10.The headlines: Europe's migrant crisis turns violent as security
:00:11. > :00:16.Now on the Greek-Macedonian border, police fire tear gas on a group
:00:17. > :00:18.of migrants, including children, as they try to break
:00:19. > :00:27.They don't open the borders, Macedonia, they don't open
:00:28. > :00:31.the borders and the people are coming more and more.
:00:32. > :00:33.Clashes in Calais as French demolition teams move
:00:34. > :00:37.in to dismantle parts of the migrant camp known as the Jungle.
:00:38. > :00:39.Also coming up: Day three of a fragile truce in Syria
:00:40. > :00:42.and the UN begins a major aid operation to get into towns
:00:43. > :00:59.Leonardo DiCaprio! CHEERING
:01:00. > :01:00.. 20 years after his first nomination,
:01:01. > :01:02.Leonardo DiCaprio finally We start with violent clashes
:01:03. > :01:16.at opposite ends of the European continent, as it wrestles
:01:17. > :01:18.with the mass influx of migrants. Macedonian police fired tear gas
:01:19. > :01:24.as a crowd tried to crash through a barbed wire fence
:01:25. > :01:26.on the border with Greece. Tear gas has also been used by riot
:01:27. > :01:30.police in the French port of Calais, as rock-throwing protesters tried
:01:31. > :01:33.to disrupt the demolition of part We'll hear from our correspondent
:01:34. > :01:38.in Calais shortly. But first, let's turn
:01:39. > :01:44.to the Greek town of Idomeni, on the border with Macedonia,
:01:45. > :01:46.where about 7,000 people have been stuck for days
:01:47. > :01:48.in squalid conditions. This is how it looks on Greece's
:01:49. > :01:52.border with Macedonia. After a night out in the open,
:01:53. > :01:57.children join a long line with their parents,
:01:58. > :02:00.waiting for food. At the end of the line they get
:02:01. > :02:04.a bag of bread to last the day. Babies bottles are held up,
:02:05. > :02:07.hoping to be filled. Macedonia only allows a handful
:02:08. > :02:14.to cross the border every day, so the numbers keep
:02:15. > :02:18.building. You have to wait for a long
:02:19. > :02:21.time for food, toilets, Hundreds of them have decided
:02:22. > :02:33.to force open the gate. This is the result of
:02:34. > :02:35.the tension that has been As they push at the border,
:02:36. > :02:43.the crush begins This is how it looked
:02:44. > :02:49.on the Macedonian side Suddenly, the border is breached,
:02:50. > :02:57.triggering panic among the police. A guard fires tear gas
:02:58. > :03:01.directly at the migrants. On the other side of the fence,
:03:02. > :03:04.the man in the blue jacket is hit Cue panic, as tear gas
:03:05. > :03:13.explodes all around them. Men, women, and children,
:03:14. > :03:21.run for safety. A boy staggers from the crush,
:03:22. > :03:23.retching from the gas. Others are too dazed to stand,
:03:24. > :03:31.their eyes and lungs burning. Today, on a European border,
:03:32. > :03:35.children were tear-gassed. It is quite a while since the tear
:03:36. > :03:39.gas was fired but you can still smell it and taste
:03:40. > :03:43.it in the air as well. As this stand-off continues,
:03:44. > :03:45.with several hundred people still here
:03:46. > :03:47.at the border gate. The violence will continue as well
:03:48. > :03:51.if the numbers here keep growing and people keep
:03:52. > :03:54.getting frustrated. Those who have worked
:03:55. > :03:57.here for months say it has never They are worried the border
:03:58. > :04:04.will not open at all. They saw how quickly restrictions
:04:05. > :04:07.were implemented for the Afghanis. There is a real sense among Syrians
:04:08. > :04:10.and Iraqis that at any time it Late this afternoon,
:04:11. > :04:13.where tear-gassed wafted earlier, There is growing desperation
:04:14. > :04:28.on this European frontier. Now to clashes in the French port
:04:29. > :04:30.of Calais where demolition teams are trying to clear parts
:04:31. > :04:35.of the migrant camp known The authorities want to move people
:04:36. > :04:44.to converted shipping containers They came in at breakfast time,
:04:45. > :04:55.a soft invasion of the state One by one, migrants still clinging
:04:56. > :04:59.to this southern part of the camp were told they had an hour
:05:00. > :05:02.to pack their things and leave. Some heeded the warning,
:05:03. > :05:04.heading north into the Jungle's The police just gave
:05:05. > :05:11.a fire, we are out. A fire at one of the empty shelters
:05:12. > :05:14.sent riot police against those Among them, activists,
:05:15. > :05:20.who have been urging residents What was meant to be a gentle
:05:21. > :05:26.eviction through encouragement and information became a blunt
:05:27. > :05:28.exchange of tear gas and rocks Just a few hours in,
:05:29. > :05:33.and already the plan for eviction The question here is
:05:34. > :05:41.who the police are fighting - the migrants themselves
:05:42. > :05:43.or the activists who say By dusk, the battle was underway
:05:44. > :05:50.again, a second fire in the place The water cannon was brought in this
:05:51. > :05:58.time, not for the fire, but for the arsonists and anyone
:05:59. > :06:03.else still standing nearby. TRANSLATION: The north border
:06:04. > :06:05.activists set fire to the tents That is not acceptable
:06:06. > :06:10.and it is normal that we have 18 months ago, migrants were moved
:06:11. > :06:18.here from their old makeshift Now the ring around this one
:06:19. > :06:23.is being pulled tighter as pressure But many people here have spent
:06:24. > :06:29.years moving from place to place in a bid to reach England
:06:30. > :06:32.and that will not change, they say, just because "one more
:06:33. > :06:34.time we have to go". Leonard Doyle's Head
:06:35. > :06:58.of Communications at the International
:06:59. > :06:59.Organisation for Migration. He told me what he made
:07:00. > :07:13.of today scenes. These images show children being hit
:07:14. > :07:16.with tear gas. It is very disturbing. Plans have been made to
:07:17. > :07:21.try and ensure that the refugees and the migrants are looked after, but
:07:22. > :07:26.unfortunately, political disunity is at the heart of the problems. There
:07:27. > :07:29.is a huge pressure on governments, but there is a lack of stability in
:07:30. > :07:34.dealing with the pressure. Part of that problem is countries
:07:35. > :07:39.putting up their own border controls. We have heard of Anglo
:07:40. > :07:44.America will speak idea of the European solution, is that dead in
:07:45. > :07:49.the water, is there any hope at all? The Germans have shown great courage
:07:50. > :07:54.in the face of a lacklustre support from other member states, but it is
:07:55. > :07:57.very difficult because the burden is being cheered disproportionately. We
:07:58. > :08:03.have seen that even when there is not great work is in the case of
:08:04. > :08:06.Calais, we are talking about 20,000 people, the reactions have been
:08:07. > :08:10.disproportionate. Whereas the Germans have taken over one million
:08:11. > :08:15.and the Swedes have taken very large numbers as well. But what is needed
:08:16. > :08:20.is some Hard Talk between either be member states and resolve this
:08:21. > :08:26.problem before their own reputation as further damaged. There are
:08:27. > :08:29.obligations under various new entreaties, humanitarian obligations
:08:30. > :08:35.to look after, let us not forget, refugees and asylum seekers. They
:08:36. > :08:39.might be migrants but in the large they are coming from refugee
:08:40. > :08:42.producing countries like Afghanistan, Syria and Iraq. There
:08:43. > :08:46.is an obligation to support them, not to hit them with water cannons.
:08:47. > :08:51.This does not reflect well upon the European Union and will cause
:08:52. > :08:55.problems for the EU as it tries to project a broader aspect and asked
:08:56. > :08:59.other countries to behave any certain way. People can say to them,
:09:00. > :09:02.but at how you behave. Everybody at the British government,
:09:03. > :09:07.they would say that they would rather take people from the source
:09:08. > :09:10.of the problem, from the Middle East's refugees camps rather than
:09:11. > :09:14.accept people who have made a perilous journey through Europe and
:09:15. > :09:18.potentially encourage others to do the same?
:09:19. > :09:22.That is very high-minded and a noble approach, and it should be welcomed,
:09:23. > :09:27.unfortunately however, the numbers taking have been very small indeed.
:09:28. > :09:31.We have over 1 million people that have fled for the most part
:09:32. > :09:36.persecution, although there will be people gaining in the system and
:09:37. > :09:39.they have to be filtered out. But the numbers are very high and to
:09:40. > :09:42.simply say that we will only take people from the refugee camps
:09:43. > :09:46.because otherwise that would involve some moral hazard in taking those
:09:47. > :09:50.people who have made a life-threatening journey, it is
:09:51. > :09:52.probably a touch unfair on those who have made that choice, because they
:09:53. > :09:54.have had to do that because they have been attacked by Islamic State
:09:55. > :10:10.or any other persecution. A woman has been arrested in Moscow,
:10:11. > :10:14.near a metro station, She's thought to come
:10:15. > :10:17.from Central Asia and She's suspected of killing the child
:10:18. > :10:21.and setting fire to its parents' The headless body of a four-year-old
:10:22. > :10:30.child has been found there. Lech Walesa - who played a leading
:10:31. > :10:33.role in overthrowing communism in Poland - has denied
:10:34. > :10:36.being an informant for the Communist The former Polish president
:10:37. > :10:39.and leader of the Solidarity Union said the files on which
:10:40. > :10:41.the allegations were based were forgeries designed
:10:42. > :10:43.to destroy his reputation. Malaysia's former Prime Minister,
:10:44. > :10:45.Dr Mahatir Mohamad, has resigned from the ruling Umno Party,
:10:46. > :10:48.in protest against what he says Dr Mahatir said he could not be
:10:49. > :10:52.associated with a party that backed the actions of the current
:10:53. > :10:54.Prime Minister Najib Razak who's been embroiled
:10:55. > :10:56.in a financial scandal. In January, Mr Najib
:10:57. > :10:58.was cleared of corruption. In the United States the clock
:10:59. > :11:01.is ticking down for a flood of primaries crammed
:11:02. > :11:02.into a single day. Super Tuesday can be a day
:11:03. > :11:05.of reckoning for Democrats and Republicans hoping
:11:06. > :11:07.to become President. Billionaire businessman Donald Trump
:11:08. > :11:10.leads the Republican race. One of his policies is to build
:11:11. > :11:28.a wall along the US-Mexico border, We will have an older is nice and
:11:29. > :11:29.strong. We will build a wall. I am going to build a wall and Mexico
:11:30. > :11:45.will pay for it, OK? TRANSLATION: The Mexican president
:11:46. > :11:52.said they would not pay for the wall, I said that the Walter Scott
:11:53. > :12:00.ten foot higher. -- I said the wall just got ten foot
:12:01. > :12:03.higher. We have a tremendous deficit, we
:12:04. > :12:09.have a trade deficit with me to pay for the wall. They will be happy
:12:10. > :12:21.with that, believe me, I will talk to them.
:12:22. > :12:28.This is going to be a wall, this is not one of those deals where the
:12:29. > :12:47.bike rider and jump over it. This is a Donald Trump what! -- bye
:12:48. > :13:02.ladder-- buy a ladder. We need a wall, drugs are coming
:13:03. > :13:04.across. They will be thrilled to pay for the wall.
:13:05. > :13:06.Of course it's not just the Republican candidates battling
:13:07. > :13:10.Hilary Clinton and Bernie Sanders will also compete across some 11
:13:11. > :13:11.states for the Democratic nomination.
:13:12. > :13:14.And you can watch full coverage here on BBC World News and online
:13:15. > :13:23.This year's Oscars ceremony was as glittering as ever
:13:24. > :13:26.but unlike any in living memory it was dominated by protests over
:13:27. > :13:28.the lack of black and ethnic nominees.
:13:29. > :13:30.The comedian Chris Rock - who was hosting the event -
:13:31. > :13:34.As for the awards, Leonardo DiCaprio was finally named
:13:35. > :13:36.Best Actor, while Spotlight was voted Best Film.
:13:37. > :13:41.Lizo Mzimba reports from Los Angeles.
:13:42. > :13:47.Serious issues being talked about as much
:13:48. > :13:50.Well, I'm here at the Academy Awards.
:13:51. > :13:56.Otherwise known as the White People's Choice Awards!
:13:57. > :14:03.You realise if they nominated hosts, I wouldn't even get this job!
:14:04. > :14:06.A barbed attack from host Chris Rock was inevitable,
:14:07. > :14:08.as was the winner of Best Actor, Leonardo DiCaprio.
:14:09. > :14:15.I thank you all for this amazing award tonight.
:14:16. > :14:24.The film's director, Alejandro Inarritu, also won
:14:25. > :14:26.and continued the theme of substantial subjects
:14:27. > :14:31.Make sure, for once and forever, that the colour of our skin becomes
:14:32. > :14:37.as irrelevant as the length of our hair.
:14:38. > :14:40.To the surprise of a few, Best Film was won by...
:14:41. > :14:44.The Academy honouring the story of the Boston Globe's uncovering
:14:45. > :14:50.Brie Larson was named Best Actress for her performance
:14:51. > :14:52.in the heavyweight abduction drama Room.
:14:53. > :14:54.Thank you to the fans, thank you to the moviegoers,
:14:55. > :14:57.thank you for going to the theatre and seeing our film.
:14:58. > :15:03.British successes included Mark Rylance.
:15:04. > :15:08.The actor, who made his name on the stage, has now added
:15:09. > :15:11.a Best Supporting Actor Oscar for Bridge of Spies to his Olivier
:15:12. > :15:20.As an actor, to win an Academy Award is something very unusual,
:15:21. > :15:31.And multiple Brit and Grammy award winner Sam Smith now has
:15:32. > :15:34.a Best Song Oscar too for his Bond theme, Writing's on the Wall.
:15:35. > :15:38.I stand here tonight as a proud gay man and I hope we can all stand
:15:39. > :16:03.While Lady Gaga spoke out musically against sexual abuse,
:16:04. > :16:06.at an Oscars where so many took the opportunity to make a statement
:16:07. > :16:08.to a global audience in the tens of millions.
:16:09. > :16:11.The fragile truce in Syria - brokered by the US and Russia -
:16:12. > :16:13.is in its third day and despite accusations
:16:14. > :16:14.of violations, appears to be holding.
:16:15. > :16:17.The United Nations is now taking advantage of the cessation
:16:18. > :16:19.of hostilities to help starving people by sending food,
:16:20. > :16:21.water and medicine to several besieged towns.
:16:22. > :16:23.It's hoped aid will reach around 150,000 Syrians over
:16:24. > :16:27.Amid the destruction of Syria's long civil war,
:16:28. > :16:30.there is now something new and different in some
:16:31. > :16:39.And that is a sense of calm and even just a little normality.
:16:40. > :16:43.Just last week, before the truce came into effect,
:16:44. > :16:47.the people in the besieged city of Douma were under heavy bombardment.
:16:48. > :16:50.But now with the truce in place in many parts of Syria,
:16:51. > :16:53.the UN is hoping to deliver emergency supplies of food
:16:54. > :16:59.and medicine to 1.7 billion people by the end of March.
:17:00. > :17:02.And it has a clear plan starting from today to reach some
:17:03. > :17:05.of the worst affected areas this week, where people have been under
:17:06. > :17:14.We have to test the limits of this ceasefire over the coming days
:17:15. > :17:17.and weeks to see how far we can go as a humanitarian community.
:17:18. > :17:19.There are about 18 cities besieged in Syria.
:17:20. > :17:21.And around half a million people living there.
:17:22. > :17:30.So we have to get food rapidly into those people.
:17:31. > :17:33.So difficult has it been until now to get aid to the besieged areas,
:17:34. > :17:36.the UN resorted to a high altitude airdrop of food supplies that went
:17:37. > :17:41.But if the truce does hold, and it is a big if, the aim will be
:17:42. > :17:44.to get convoys of trucks like these to deliver supplies to those
:17:45. > :17:54.Many people are known to have starved to death already
:17:55. > :18:02.There is no doubt that fighting does continue in some parts of Syria,
:18:03. > :18:09.But there are now allegations that the Russian planes have
:18:10. > :18:11.targeted moderate opposition forces which would be in breach
:18:12. > :18:16.There is to be an urgent meeting about this later today.
:18:17. > :18:19.And for now, the UN remains hopeful the truce, which has brought some
:18:20. > :18:23.respite to the people of Syria since Saturday, will hold.
:18:24. > :18:27.And that means those who have been under siege for so long will finally
:18:28. > :18:37.One of the most powerful figures in the Vatican,
:18:38. > :18:40.Cardinal George Pell, is to give a second day of testimony
:18:41. > :18:44.to an Australian commission on child abuse.
:18:45. > :18:47.The cardinal, who is too frail to travel to Australia,
:18:48. > :18:49.is testifying via video link from Rome, from where
:18:50. > :19:01.These are the last few steps of a 10,000 mile journey. The survivors
:19:02. > :19:05.of child abuse in Australia raised money to come to this hotel in Rome
:19:06. > :19:12.to watch the cardinal testify in person.
:19:13. > :19:17.For more than three hours, the Cardinals gave evidence to the
:19:18. > :19:27.commission via video link. The church has made enormous
:19:28. > :19:33.mistakes and it is working to remedy those. The church in many places,
:19:34. > :19:36.certainly in Australia, has made a mess of things and let people down.
:19:37. > :19:40.I am not here to defend the indefensible.
:19:41. > :19:45.The cardinal told the commission that he had heard rumours of sexual
:19:46. > :19:50.abuse by fellow Australian priests in the 1970s but had no direct
:19:51. > :19:56.knowledge of their crimes. Victims and survivors will come back here to
:19:57. > :20:01.listen to at least two more nights of Cardinal George Pell's testimony.
:20:02. > :20:06.Victims of abuse in other countries will listen as well. The Catholic
:20:07. > :20:12.Church to take greater action. Peter Saunders from the duty was himself
:20:13. > :20:16.abused as a teenager. In 2014, Pope Francis made him a member of a
:20:17. > :20:20.Vatican commission designed to protect children from abuse. But
:20:21. > :20:27.earlier this month the commission suspended him from speaking out.
:20:28. > :20:30.The Vatican could take action now to protect children now. There are a
:20:31. > :20:35.lot of things going around in the world that the Pope could actually
:20:36. > :20:39.do something about in terms of children who are being raped and
:20:40. > :20:44.abused and I do not see any evidence that that is happening.
:20:45. > :20:49.Pope Francis seen here meeting children one week ago has made the
:20:50. > :20:53.protection of minors a priority. His BBC might be judged on whether or
:20:54. > :20:58.not he's a false this promise. James Reynolds, BBC News, Rome.
:20:59. > :21:01.Now, as I'm sure you've noticed, it's the twenty-ninth of February.
:21:02. > :21:04.Most of the time, a year is made up of 365 days.
:21:05. > :21:06.But this year, just like 2012, and four years before
:21:07. > :21:15.And that vital extra day, a leap day, is what keeps our calendars
:21:16. > :21:21.Well, I am joined by Carole Mundell, Professor of Extragalactic Astronomy
:21:22. > :21:23.and Head of Astrophysics at the University of Bath,
:21:24. > :21:30.Thank you for joining us. Perhaps an issue closer to home than you are
:21:31. > :21:37.used to dealing with. Tell us the science behind it, why?
:21:38. > :21:40.They are almost takes 305 and a quarter days to make one full
:21:41. > :21:46.circuit around the sun and that circuit is what we call easier. Of
:21:47. > :21:50.course, the extra almost quarter of a day is a little tricky to handle
:21:51. > :21:54.in the calendar so each year we have a calendar that is the older than 65
:21:55. > :22:02.days long, but we have to account for that extra piece and we do that
:22:03. > :22:06.by adding an extra week here every four years. If we did not do that,
:22:07. > :22:09.then our seasons would slip by about 300 days every century and that
:22:10. > :22:13.would be noticeable. -- 300 as if they fight. This was
:22:14. > :22:19.what was noticeable about the time of Julius Caesar, the state started
:22:20. > :22:24.to move around? That is correct, that was the Roman
:22:25. > :22:29.calendar any time of Julius Caesar. It was decreed then that the BP
:22:30. > :22:34.should be added. That extra quarter is an exact number, it is 11 minute
:22:35. > :22:39.short of that, in the middle ages, Pope Gregory realise that actually
:22:40. > :22:42.we had been over estimating the length of the day by adding those
:22:43. > :22:48.repairs every four years. A correction had to be made. We now
:22:49. > :22:54.make that correction every century, so that ABP falls on a century year,
:22:55. > :22:58.we do not add the victory that they unless the year is the visible by
:22:59. > :23:02.four. So the last time we did that was
:23:03. > :23:07.when? The year 2000, it was a special one,
:23:08. > :23:12.in 1900 we would have added ABP. The Gregorian calendar is what lasts
:23:13. > :23:15.to this very day. That is an imprecise science as you have
:23:16. > :23:18.mentioned, how much longer can we continue with the current system?
:23:19. > :23:25.The Gregorian calendar is pretty good. Every year that we have to
:23:26. > :23:30.divide by 400, we have to correct, so correcting for those 11 minutes,
:23:31. > :23:34.it really is a good job for us, I think that the extra correction was
:23:35. > :23:38.not really noticed until the millennium and a half after Caesar.
:23:39. > :23:39.I think we are in good shape for a while.
:23:40. > :23:44.Do you do that same interview every four years?
:23:45. > :23:49.I have not done it before, but we will see in four years' time, we
:23:50. > :24:20.will know then. Thank you very much for joining us.
:24:21. > :24:22.Olle Ahnstrom, who's 96, has taken to the track once again
:24:23. > :24:24.at the national championship in Sweden.
:24:25. > :24:26.He started back in the 1940s, describing himself as a lover
:24:27. > :24:34.He competed when he was 47. This time he said he would go more
:24:35. > :24:38.slowly. Not that 100 mph! He built his first bike in his own repair
:24:39. > :24:42.shop and has never looked back. Even bringing his wife along as the
:24:43. > :24:48.mechanic. He said it is all about speed.
:24:49. > :24:52.TRANSLATION: I started in about 1947 on bikes I had booked myself.
:24:53. > :24:57.I have always been interested. I have driven on grass tracks and Hill
:24:58. > :25:01.tracts and nice. I think that Israel is the most fun.
:25:02. > :25:06.The sport uses steel wheels with reader -- razor sharp spikes. He
:25:07. > :25:11.described the ride is very enjoyable. He says he has no plans
:25:12. > :25:18.to quit the sport and hopes to still be driving when he reaches 100.
:25:19. > :25:20.In a Slovenian cave visited by a million tourists every year,
:25:21. > :25:26.a bizarre and rare amphibian is guarding a significant clutch
:25:27. > :25:28.of eggs that could become baby dragons.
:25:29. > :25:31.It's called an olm, it's a blind salamander found in cave rivers
:25:32. > :25:34.in the Balkans, and it's thought to live for more than a hundred
:25:35. > :25:40.years but reproduces just once or twice a decade.
:25:41. > :25:44.A female in an aquarium has laid 50-60 eggs -
:25:45. > :25:52.and three of them are now showing signs of growth.
:25:53. > :26:05.You can get in touch with me and some of the team via Twitter -
:26:06. > :26:07.But for now, from me Karin and the rest of the team, goodbye.