:00:07. > :00:08.Hello and welcome to BBC World News Today.
:00:09. > :00:12.Scientists reveal a breakthrough in understanding breast cancer.
:00:13. > :00:15.An almost perfect picture of the genetic mutations that
:00:16. > :00:16.lead to the disease, which could mean fresh
:00:17. > :00:24.We should all be very optimistic, because we have more
:00:25. > :00:29.opportunities now for thinking about new therapeutics than we've
:00:30. > :00:32.ever had in the past and we know how to do it.
:00:33. > :00:36.Russia and the US urge all parties in Syria to observe a ceasefire
:00:37. > :00:38.as violence in Aleppo threatens the total collapse
:00:39. > :00:48.Astronomers discover three planets close to our solar system
:00:49. > :00:57.The Russian MP who feels his country's musical
:00:58. > :01:14.traditions are under threat - from the Eurovision Song Contest.
:01:15. > :01:16.It's been described as a hugely significant moment
:01:17. > :01:20.which could help unlock new ways of treating and preventing
:01:21. > :01:25.An international team of scientists has completed the largest-ever
:01:26. > :01:27.genetic study of the disease, which they say gives them
:01:28. > :01:30.a near complete picture of what causes breast cancer.
:01:31. > :01:33.The study, which has just been published in Nature,
:01:34. > :01:36.unpicked practically all the errors that cause healthy breast tissue
:01:37. > :01:40.The team sequenced the whole genome of more
:01:41. > :01:42.than 500 patients with breast cancer.
:01:43. > :01:47.The scientists then looked at all three billion letters
:01:48. > :01:50.of their genetic code - their entire blueprint of life.
:01:51. > :01:53.They uncovered 93 sets of instructions, or genes,
:01:54. > :01:58.Researchers say the information could help develop new drugs.
:01:59. > :02:05.Our health correspondent, Dominic Hughes, has more.
:02:06. > :02:07.Enjoying a spot of Bank Holiday Monday gardening,
:02:08. > :02:09.Vanessa Babbage looks the picture of health.
:02:10. > :02:12.But Vanessa has fought a long, arduous battle
:02:13. > :02:17.After extensive surgery, chemo and radiotherapy,
:02:18. > :02:20.she knows how devastating the disease and its treatment can be.
:02:21. > :02:26.It's actually worse than the cancer itself,
:02:27. > :02:32.because you are constantly ill, so they do try to help you to
:02:33. > :02:35.minimise the side-effects by giving you other drugs to help the nausea
:02:36. > :02:42.and things like that, so the treatment is very, very harsh.
:02:43. > :02:47.Scanners like this one are used to detect and monitor cancerous tumours
:02:48. > :02:49.once they've already developed, but to understand the underlying
:02:50. > :02:53.causes of cancer, scientists have had to go much deeper,
:02:54. > :02:56.to the level of DNA, to try and work out what happens
:02:57. > :03:02.An international team of scientists, led by the Sanger Institute
:03:03. > :03:05.in Cambridge, examined all three billion letters
:03:06. > :03:15.What they've found has transformed the understanding of what happens
:03:16. > :03:24.Getting a comprehensive collection of information, including the
:03:25. > :03:27.mutations that are causing cancer, tells us something about why that
:03:28. > :03:29.cancer is going wrong, why that cell is turning
:03:30. > :03:33.into a cancerous cell, and if you can understand that,
:03:34. > :03:36.you can understand the causes of the cancer, and then you can
:03:37. > :03:40.This opens up the possibility of much greater individualised
:03:41. > :03:45.treatments for cancer, targeting each of the mutations.
:03:46. > :03:47.That's already happening with some treatments, like the drug
:03:48. > :03:51.Herceptin, but experts believe this could be a big step forward.
:03:52. > :03:53.What this study might achieve is finding
:03:54. > :03:55.better treatments, matching them better to women.
:03:56. > :04:01.By understanding the causes that underline the biology
:04:02. > :04:05.of different types of the disease, we might be able to match better
:04:06. > :04:07.treatments and offer them things that are more likely
:04:08. > :04:11.Back at home, Vanessa Babbage is moving on with her life after
:04:12. > :04:16.cancer, and she is optimistic that science is starting to make real
:04:17. > :04:18.headway in the fight against the disease.
:04:19. > :04:22.It gives people hope, because when people are affected
:04:23. > :04:26.by someone that they love and they have breast cancer,
:04:27. > :04:29.they hope for a better future for other women that are going to be
:04:30. > :04:34.This research has transformed the understanding of cancer,
:04:35. > :04:38.and offers the tantalising prospect it could prevent the disease
:04:39. > :04:49.Dominic Hughes joins me now from our studio in Manchester.
:04:50. > :04:54.It sounds as though this was a very complex piece of research.
:04:55. > :05:01.Her very significant study, the largest of its kind looking at those
:05:02. > :05:06.560 different patients who are all experienced breast cancer, decoding
:05:07. > :05:12.more than 3 billion bits of DNA across those 560 patients. It is
:05:13. > :05:16.significant as well because that DMA is a record of what happens to us
:05:17. > :05:21.throughout our lives, from the moment we start life as a tiny
:05:22. > :05:26.fertilised egg in our mothers with breakthrough to adult food through
:05:27. > :05:30.the course of life. Records all the damage we sustain both from the
:05:31. > :05:35.environment and infections and from that the scientists are able to
:05:36. > :05:38.glean some clues about what underlies the cancerous tumours that
:05:39. > :05:40.some that they are susceptible to. This is being hailed
:05:41. > :05:42.as a big breakthrough. How much progress in the fight
:05:43. > :05:50.against cancer have It is interesting when you think it
:05:51. > :05:54.wasn't that long ago that breast cancer was seen as a one disease.
:05:55. > :05:59.Now we know which there are many different types of breast cancer,
:06:00. > :06:03.and this kind of sequencing of DNA is really seen as a very big step
:06:04. > :06:08.forward in trying to unravel some of the mysteries that lie at the heart
:06:09. > :06:13.of cancer. Why do some tissues turn from healthy to cancerous tissue?
:06:14. > :06:19.What we have seen today is a big step forward, and the key thing they
:06:20. > :06:24.are talking about is trying to does decimate lead to a breakthrough in
:06:25. > :06:27.individualised treatments. Instead of treating people as though they
:06:28. > :06:32.have one disease, breast cancer, they can say this is at a particular
:06:33. > :06:35.type of breast cancer, and also it may tell scientists how someone
:06:36. > :06:40.might respond to a particular treatment, so it opens up all sorts
:06:41. > :06:41.of possibilities. Dominick, thank you very much.
:06:42. > :06:43.Astronomers have announced the discovery of three planets
:06:44. > :06:46.relatively close to our solar system which could be able to sustain life.
:06:47. > :06:49.The three orbit an ultra-cool dwarf star 39 light-years away
:06:50. > :06:51.and are comparable in size and probably also temperature
:06:52. > :06:55.Dr Michael Gillon is an astronomer from the University
:06:56. > :06:59.He led the team of researchers who discovered the planets
:07:00. > :07:11.Tell us a little more about what you found. Hello. We have discovered
:07:12. > :07:18.three planets orbiting a nearby star, which is extremely small, the
:07:19. > :07:25.size of Jupiter. These planets are very interesting because they are
:07:26. > :07:31.irradiated at the same level, more or less, as Venus, Earth and Mars.
:07:32. > :07:36.This means they could tap water and maybe life. Furthermore what is
:07:37. > :07:43.interesting is they are well-suited for detailed study of the
:07:44. > :07:51.atmospheric composition with existing technology, telescopes that
:07:52. > :07:55.are about to began operating. This means we can really study this
:07:56. > :08:01.planet and even detect life on these planets right now. So we could do
:08:02. > :08:07.this remotely? Yes, indeed. Just by using telescopes and by working at
:08:08. > :08:13.the atmospheric composition -- looking at the atmospheric
:08:14. > :08:19.composition of the solar system. The atmosphere would block the light of
:08:20. > :08:25.the start, and this effect will depend on the composition of the
:08:26. > :08:28.atmosphere. We know they are 39 light-years away, which sounds like
:08:29. > :08:33.an awfully long distance, but an Astra and call times for scientists
:08:34. > :08:43.like you that is close. -- in astronomical terms. Yes, very close.
:08:44. > :08:49.The Milky Way is a big disc of 300 billion stars, and this one is among
:08:50. > :08:54.the 1000 most nearby stars, saw it really is a star in the
:08:55. > :08:56.neighbourhood of the sun. How does that help understand our universe if
:08:57. > :09:02.we can find out more about these particular planets' make up? What
:09:03. > :09:09.does it do for us? It could help us to understand how unique is our
:09:10. > :09:15.terrestrial planets, especially our planet, and how unique is life in
:09:16. > :09:21.the universe, which is a very important question to answer.
:09:22. > :09:26.Further more it helps us understand other environments, because these
:09:27. > :09:29.planets even if they are like the Earth in terms of size and
:09:30. > :09:34.radiation, should be like the Earth, -- deference to the Earth, because
:09:35. > :09:41.there are stories different to the sun. It is all part of a very
:09:42. > :09:46.ambitious project. Yes, this research was obtained with a
:09:47. > :09:51.prototype telescope that we have in Chile. It is a prototype for a
:09:52. > :10:01.bigger project about to start, which will explore the nearest star is for
:10:02. > :10:09.which we could have temperatures of planets which are well-suited for
:10:10. > :10:16.detailed studies. And to catalogue planets like Earth in which we could
:10:17. > :10:18.detect life in the next decade. Thank you very much. We wish you
:10:19. > :10:19.luck with your project. US Secretary of State John Kerry
:10:20. > :10:22.says foreign powers are "getting closer to a place of understanding"
:10:23. > :10:25.at talks in Geneva - trying There's been a two month pause
:10:26. > :10:29.in hostilities, but the last ten days have seen
:10:30. > :10:31.an upsurge of violence. Mr Kerry said a renewed
:10:32. > :10:32.ceasefire must include the besieged city of Aleppo,
:10:33. > :10:35.where more than 250 civilians have Our correspondent Barbara
:10:36. > :10:38.Plett-Usher has been travelling War has returned to Syria's
:10:39. > :10:48.largest city after two The air strikes on a hospital last
:10:49. > :10:53.week thrust the carnage back into the spotlight,
:10:54. > :10:57.but hundreds of civilians have been killed in the past
:10:58. > :11:00.ten days of fighting. The Syrian military says
:11:01. > :11:03.it is targeting Jihadists, But the lines between such groups
:11:04. > :11:08.and other rebels in Aleppo If the cease-fire breaks down here,
:11:09. > :11:16.it may crumble across the country. The crisis triggered
:11:17. > :11:18.emergency meetings in Geneva, the city that's been hosting
:11:19. > :11:20.Syrian peace talks. America's top diplomat came
:11:21. > :11:26.here to try to salvage the truce. We are engaged in an effort
:11:27. > :11:29.with all of the members of the International
:11:30. > :11:34.Syria Support Group, and with Russia particularly,
:11:35. > :11:40.in an effort to restore that cessation of hostilities in those
:11:41. > :11:45.places where it has been most There is no excuse for not finding,
:11:46. > :11:56.again, a reinvigorating and reinstalling and re-implementing
:11:57. > :11:58.what has been the only strong message the Syrian people have
:11:59. > :12:06.heard from all of us. Mr Kerry is urging Moscow
:12:07. > :12:09.to push its Syrian ally to stop But the most he announced
:12:10. > :12:16.was a joint agreement to strengthen the monitoring
:12:17. > :12:18.and implementation of the truce. So they are wrestling with a formula
:12:19. > :12:21.to bring quiet back to Aleppo. There will be intensive talks
:12:22. > :12:23.involving the Russians Mr Kerry said there should soon be
:12:24. > :12:29.greater clarity about the details of But the bigger question
:12:30. > :12:33.is whether Damascus and Moscow are serious
:12:34. > :12:37.about the UN path to peace, or whether they are using it to make
:12:38. > :12:40.military gains on the ground. Barbara Plett-Usher,
:12:41. > :12:45.BBC News, Geneva. Leading Iraqi members of parliament
:12:46. > :12:47.have called on Prime Minister MPs are demanding the creation
:12:48. > :12:52.of a new Government, excluding the political party
:12:53. > :12:54.of the Shia cleric Moqtada al-Sadr, who they blame for ordering
:12:55. > :12:57.anti-government protesters to storm Our correspondent Ahmed Maher has
:12:58. > :13:01.had special access to the main hall of the Iraqi parliament
:13:02. > :13:05.and sends this report. We are in the main hall
:13:06. > :13:07.of the Iraqi parliament, the centre of the unprecedented
:13:08. > :13:12.political crisis. This parliament descended into chaos
:13:13. > :13:14.after anti-government protesters stormed this hall
:13:15. > :13:18.and ransacked its furniture. They damaged headphones, speaker
:13:19. > :13:25.devices, and scattered documents, This place is one of the main
:13:26. > :13:32.symbols of power and authority in Iraq, and that's why
:13:33. > :13:34.the anti-government protesters chose it to send a strong message
:13:35. > :13:41.to the MPs who used to be seated here in this session
:13:42. > :13:44.that they are fed up, angry, at their failure to choose
:13:45. > :13:47.the long-awaited cabinet of technocrats
:13:48. > :13:53.or non-partisan ministers. They are aiming at pressuring
:13:54. > :13:55.the embattled government of Prime Minister Haider al-Abadi
:13:56. > :14:02.into enacting the promised reforms, That was our correspondent
:14:03. > :14:08.Ahmed Maher reporting from A British company has apologised
:14:09. > :14:14.for selling a cleaning product that led to a number of deaths
:14:15. > :14:16.in South Korea. About 100 people died
:14:17. > :14:18.after inhaling toxic fumes from liquids used to clean
:14:19. > :14:20.humidifiers, although only some of those deaths are linked
:14:21. > :14:24.to the British company. At an emotional news conference
:14:25. > :14:26.in Seoul, an executive At one point, a man jumped
:14:27. > :14:31.on stage and slapped him The health risks from
:14:32. > :14:40.the disinfectants were first discovered in 2011 after several
:14:41. > :14:42.pregnant women died Later that year, authorities said
:14:43. > :14:46.the chemicals PHMG and PGH in the disinfectants used to cleanse
:14:47. > :14:51.humidifiers were to blame. Nearly all households in South Korea
:14:52. > :14:53.use a humidifier Reckitt Benckiser sold millions
:14:54. > :14:57.of bottles of liquid disinfectant, called Oxy Ssak Ssak,
:14:58. > :15:00.containing the harmful chemicals It's among several firms
:15:01. > :15:05.whose products are blamed For five years the
:15:06. > :15:09.company had refused Reckitt Benckiser now says
:15:10. > :15:16.it'll come up with a plan It's also setting up a multi-million
:15:17. > :15:19.dollar humanitarian fund An Australian computer scientist has
:15:20. > :15:27.ended years of speculation, saying he is the creator
:15:28. > :15:29.of the controversial Dr Craig Wright, who lives
:15:30. > :15:35.in London, showed the BBC evidence that he launched the currency,
:15:36. > :15:39.back in 2009, using a pseudonym. Dr Wright is believed to hold
:15:40. > :15:41.hundreds of millions of dollars' worth of Bitcoins,
:15:42. > :15:44.which are a virtual currency transferred via the internet,
:15:45. > :15:47.and which can be exchanged This report from our technology
:15:48. > :15:56.correspondent Rory Cellan Jones. In an office in London,
:15:57. > :15:59.a mystery that has been an Internet obsession for seven years
:16:00. > :16:06.is about to be solved. So you are going to show me that
:16:07. > :16:10.Satoshi Nakamoto is you? If that's true, then
:16:11. > :16:16.Craig Wright is the reason Bitcoin is a currency invented
:16:17. > :16:23.on the Internet and designed to operate outside the control
:16:24. > :16:27.of any central bank. Its value and its reputation - it's
:16:28. > :16:30.being widely used by criminals - And there is a chain of Bitcoin cash
:16:31. > :16:43.machines called SatoshiPoints. It was back in 2008 that someone
:16:44. > :16:46.calling themselves Satoshi Nakamoto published a paper on the Internet
:16:47. > :16:51.describing a plan for Bitcoin. It was the following the year
:16:52. > :16:53.that he released the software Ever since, Satoshi's precise
:16:54. > :16:59.identity has been a mystery. But there have been
:17:00. > :17:05.a number of false trails. In the search for Satoshi,
:17:06. > :17:09.a number of people, I think we will probably start
:17:10. > :17:14.with Dr Craig Wright... Last year, there was speculation
:17:15. > :17:18.about Craig Wright, an Australian computer scientist, here seen
:17:19. > :17:22.speaking at a Bitcoin convention. Now he's confirmed that he is
:17:23. > :17:26.Satoshi Nakamoto. Some people will believe,
:17:27. > :17:28.some people won't. To tell you the truth,
:17:29. > :17:33.I don't really care. You can say, hand on heart,
:17:34. > :17:38.to me, "I am Satoshi Nakamoto"? He showed us that he possessed
:17:39. > :17:46.the unique digital signature used by Nakamoto in the very first
:17:47. > :17:50.Bitcoin transaction. That is the first generated
:17:51. > :17:53.and transferred Bitcoin ever. That evidence has been shown
:17:54. > :17:55.to a Bitcoin expert who says Dr Wright's achievement
:17:56. > :18:00.can't be overstated. If Bitcoin is the separation
:18:01. > :18:05.of money and state, I put this achievement on the scale
:18:06. > :18:10.of the Gutenberg printing press, which was the beginning
:18:11. > :18:20.of the decline of the Vatican's power, once we could have
:18:21. > :18:22.mass printing of things. Last December, the Australian tax
:18:23. > :18:24.authorities searched He says they are auditing his
:18:25. > :18:27.businesses and don't He wouldn't tell us how wealthy
:18:28. > :18:32.the currency has made him, but made clear he didn't want to be
:18:33. > :18:34.a public figure. I don't want money, I don't want
:18:35. > :18:37.fame, I don't want adoration. I'm going to do this
:18:38. > :18:46.once and once only. I'm going to come in front
:18:47. > :18:54.of the camera once. And I will never, ever be
:18:55. > :18:56.on a camera ever again, for any TV station,
:18:57. > :18:59.or any media, ever. If he's to be believed
:19:00. > :19:01.he is a modern-day Midas, the man who conjured
:19:02. > :19:04.new money out of thin air. It's a remarkable achievement
:19:05. > :19:07.but having emerged from the shadows, Craig "Satoshi Nakamoto" Wright now
:19:08. > :19:12.wants to disappear once more. Dr Wright's claim has
:19:13. > :19:20.divided opinion online, with some observers casting doubt
:19:21. > :19:22.on whether he's provided enough proof that he is indeed
:19:23. > :19:24.the creator of Bitcoin. Users of the chat site
:19:25. > :19:27.Reddit have been pointing out in the method Mr Wright used,
:19:28. > :19:31.saying that the signature he used Technology journalist Lorenzo
:19:32. > :19:37.Franceschi-Bicchierai also questions in his demonstration and uses
:19:38. > :19:42.another one in private - "how does that make
:19:43. > :19:45.any sense?", he asks. points out that Gavin Andresen,
:19:46. > :19:49.chief scientist of the Bitcoin Foundation, has said he believes
:19:50. > :19:58.Mr Wright's claim is true. Now a look at some of
:19:59. > :20:07.the day's other news. The Republican presidential
:20:08. > :20:13.frontrunner Donald Trump has stepped up his criticism of Chinese trade
:20:14. > :20:14.policy. He said Beijing was conducting the greatest theft in the
:20:15. > :20:17.history of the world. The mosquito-borne Zika virus may
:20:18. > :20:19.be even more dangerous than previously thought,
:20:20. > :20:21.scientists in Brazil say. They told the BBC that Zika could be
:20:22. > :20:24.behind more damaging neurological conditions,
:20:25. > :20:25.affecting the babies of up to A solar-powered plane has
:20:26. > :20:30.taken off from California for the state of Arizona,
:20:31. > :20:32.the latest stage of its The 16-hour flight will take
:20:33. > :20:35.the Solar Impulse to Solar Impulse began its attempt
:20:36. > :20:40.to circumnavigate the globe in March last year in Abu Dhabi,
:20:41. > :20:43.but the flight was delayed by the need for lengthy repairs
:20:44. > :20:50.after its batteries overheated. It's that time of year again -
:20:51. > :20:53.next week, hundreds of millions of viewers around the world
:20:54. > :20:55.will tune in to watch the annual extravaganza
:20:56. > :20:58.that is the Eurovision Song Contest. But sequins and Euro pop are not
:20:59. > :21:00.to everyone's taste. In Russia, one MP is planning
:21:01. > :21:02.a rival contest with Our musical correspondent,
:21:03. > :21:05.Steve Rosenberg, reports Hang on, who feels threatened
:21:06. > :21:35.by that? Oleg Nilov is a Russian MP
:21:36. > :21:42.on a crooning crusade to promote He loves folk songs and loathes
:21:43. > :21:51.the Europop invading Russia. TRANSLATION: You don't need weapons
:21:52. > :21:55.to conquer a country, The minds of our young
:21:56. > :21:59.people are coming under the influence of TV,
:22:00. > :22:01.trying to impose Two years ago, when Eurovision
:22:02. > :22:14.was won by Conchita, the bearded lady, he was
:22:15. > :22:16.so shocked, he did this. He sings, "Black crow,
:22:17. > :22:27.why are you circling above us?" What the MP wants to hear
:22:28. > :22:32.is more music like this. He is planning a rival
:22:33. > :22:38.to Eurovision called Good Vision, where all the songs
:22:39. > :22:47.will be, well, good. TRANSLATION: The songs will be folk
:22:48. > :22:50.style, with national instruments I am sure this will get more viewers
:22:51. > :22:55.and be more useful. Mind you, not everyone here
:22:56. > :22:58.is out of tune with This year's Russian entrant believes
:22:59. > :23:02.Eurovision can promote I really like the main message
:23:03. > :23:12.that this Eurovision Because the music does
:23:13. > :23:17.not have any religion, But Oleg Nilov is sticking
:23:18. > :23:31.with what he knows best. With a chorus like that,
:23:32. > :24:02.perhaps he should enter Eurovision. A very different sound. Thousands of
:24:03. > :24:13.people gathered in commemoration of one of Africa's stars.
:24:14. > :24:16.Thousands gathered in front of Congo's National Assembly to try and
:24:17. > :24:33.catch a glimpse of what was going inside. One of the culture 's most
:24:34. > :24:38.beloved ambassadors. People sometimes think when you speak about
:24:39. > :24:49.Congolese music, it makes you dance, but no structure. The president
:24:50. > :24:54.himself honoured Papa Wemba with one of the highest national titles for
:24:55. > :24:57.his services to Congolese music and the world. Papa Wemba's body was
:24:58. > :25:06.carried out of the National Assembly at midday. Papa Wemba's body has
:25:07. > :25:10.been taken to his family home in this neighbourhood, it is a bustling
:25:11. > :25:19.place. There are thousands of people here including many highly
:25:20. > :25:23.fashionable ones. Papa Wemba was really the saviour of the Society of
:25:24. > :25:32.elegant people. Everywhere he went he promoted Congolese style. We have
:25:33. > :25:35.lost him today and it is a great sadness. The party will continue for
:25:36. > :25:40.most of today and tomorrow as the Congolese celebrate their hero. Papa
:25:41. > :25:43.Wemba, forever an icon and an inspiration you will be varied in
:25:44. > :25:53.the capital on Wednesday. Our main story - a team of
:25:54. > :25:59.scientists has completed the largest ever genetic study of breast cancer
:26:00. > :26:12.which they say gives a near complete picture of what
:26:13. > :26:13.Good evening. Better news for the week ahead,