:00:00. > :00:00.This is BBC World News Today with me Philippa Thomas.
:00:07. > :00:09.Germany unveils its plan to try to integrate
:00:10. > :00:17.The newcomers will be taught German values and told where they can live
:00:18. > :00:25.as part of a major programme to avoid ghetto-isation.
:00:26. > :00:30.A captured Ukrainian pilot who became a symbol of resistance
:00:31. > :00:33.to Moscow is released after two years in a Russian jail.
:00:34. > :00:36.Do you ever get that sinking feeling?
:00:37. > :00:43.An entire street collapses in the heart of tourist Florence.
:00:44. > :00:45.We'll be talking to a man who saw it happen.
:00:46. > :00:47.Also coming up, the ship was their saviour.
:00:48. > :00:49.We reveal the role the Queen Mary played
:00:50. > :00:56.in rescuing thousands of Jews from the Nazis.
:00:57. > :01:02.The bottom line is, the Queen Mary saved me and my mum and dad. It
:01:03. > :01:07.saved our lives. And seeing a city for the first
:01:08. > :01:10.time: what a new exhibition by migrant photographers reveals
:01:11. > :01:28.about New York, London and Paris. intended to integrate more
:01:29. > :01:34.than one million migrants. cabinet agreement on the law,
:01:35. > :01:38.Merkel described after months of political
:01:39. > :01:40.disagreement, as a milestone. The deal will require migrants
:01:41. > :01:42.to integrate into society in return for being allowed
:01:43. > :01:46.to live and work in Germany. If approved by parliament,
:01:47. > :01:48.it will also give authorities the power to dictate
:01:49. > :01:52.where they can and can't live. Last year, over one million migrants
:01:53. > :01:56.came to Germany and the country
:01:57. > :02:02.could take one million more in 2016. Under the new law, federal funds
:02:03. > :02:05.would be used to create It will also require adult migrants
:02:06. > :02:09.to attend 600 hours with an additional 100 hours
:02:10. > :02:17.of cultural "orientation" classes that end with an integration
:02:18. > :02:21.test. Our Berlin correspondent Damien
:02:22. > :02:24.McGuinness has more. Asylum seekers in Germany learning
:02:25. > :02:29.how to speak German. And also how to navigate German
:02:30. > :02:34.society and culture. The courses are free of charge,
:02:35. > :02:37.but they are now set That is because a new law
:02:38. > :02:42.aims to make sure In return for benefit payments
:02:43. > :02:50.and free accommodation, and attend integration classes,
:02:51. > :02:55.have to learn German TRANSLATION:
:02:56. > :03:04.may be reduced. I think
:03:05. > :03:08.it's a milestone that the federal government passes an integration
:03:09. > :03:09.law. And integration law in accordance
:03:10. > :03:12.with the principles of obligation as well as support.
:03:13. > :03:15.And support as well as obligations. The government's plan comes
:03:16. > :03:18.after more than 1 million refugees And although numbers
:03:19. > :03:21.have dropped this year, there is widespread concern
:03:22. > :03:22.in Germany about integrating Particularly given the country's
:03:23. > :03:29.poor record at integrating The German government wants to avoid
:03:30. > :03:35.the mistakes made in the past when workers from Turkey were left
:03:36. > :03:37.excluded from It is Germany's first law
:03:38. > :03:47.on integration and an important This law makes the way for those
:03:48. > :03:53.that will stay in Germany We don't want people to live
:03:54. > :04:01.in parallel societies We don't want parallel
:04:02. > :04:04.societies and ghettos. But the government's
:04:05. > :04:10.plan is controversial. Particularly the proposal that
:04:11. > :04:12.for the first few years, asylum seekers will not be able
:04:13. > :04:14.to choose where they Critics say this could
:04:15. > :04:30.break up families. TRANSLATION: The rights are greater
:04:31. > :04:37.than the help they get. We think there are too many obligations. The
:04:38. > :04:47.migrants in this class, meanwhile, are keen to learn. They are nice
:04:48. > :04:53.people. To work, or study, or something. Germany has a shortage of
:04:54. > :04:57.young workers and an ageing population, so the opportunities are
:04:58. > :05:00.there, but only for those with the correct skills.
:05:01. > :05:02.With me is Nina Schick, the Head of Communications
:05:03. > :05:13.Talking about skills of immigrants the idea is to get them into the
:05:14. > :05:18.labour market as quickly as possible. Absolutely. Germany is on
:05:19. > :05:21.a demographic decline and they desperately need young workers. This
:05:22. > :05:26.is part of a long-running debate at this boom in migrants can be an
:05:27. > :05:30.economic boom to the country and increased the GDP of the country.
:05:31. > :05:33.The Keita that is to get them into the labour market quickly. So far,
:05:34. > :05:40.that has been the big four asylum seekers to do. When their status is
:05:41. > :05:48.decided they can already going to these low-paid jobs which should
:05:49. > :05:53.contribute to their commune rather than taking the leap in public
:05:54. > :05:56.services. So where they go, the errors of Germany that they are
:05:57. > :06:00.assigned to is important. The assignment of where they live is
:06:01. > :06:04.more to do with the fact that the German government does not want
:06:05. > :06:09.ghettos to spring up. It is about cultural assimilation. If you look
:06:10. > :06:13.at Cologne, it has traditionally been a big area for immigrant
:06:14. > :06:19.populations. They don't want that type of ghetto again. At New Year, a
:06:20. > :06:24.lot of women were assaulted and the blame was put on some immigrants.
:06:25. > :06:27.Exactly. That will also be controversial, because as we have
:06:28. > :06:32.heard, some pro-refugee lobby groups say that this will break up
:06:33. > :06:37.families. Nonetheless, the political support across the spectrum is
:06:38. > :06:40.widespread. It is quite a lot of engineering, in terms of taking
:06:41. > :06:45.people in, giving them papers and saying you are assigned to this town
:06:46. > :06:50.or village. Absolutely, the biggest controversy or challenge in this
:06:51. > :06:54.integration law is not so much passing the laws, but the
:06:55. > :06:58.implementation, because as you can imagine, it is going to cause a
:06:59. > :07:03.massive load of bureaucracy and it'll be difficult to enforce. It is
:07:04. > :07:09.about giving a job and a new life to refugees. What about the other side,
:07:10. > :07:12.their responsibility, if they don't learn the language and seem to
:07:13. > :07:16.integrate and seem to cause trouble, what is the comeback? This is the
:07:17. > :07:20.carrot and stick approach from Angela Merkel. She is saying, we
:07:21. > :07:24.will make it easier for you to live and work here, but on the other
:07:25. > :07:27.hand, if you don't do that then there will be sanctions to your
:07:28. > :07:30.benefit which can be cut and you will not be able to live where you
:07:31. > :07:32.like. That is the balance that they are trying to strike.
:07:33. > :07:34.The Ukrainian military helicopter pilot, Nadiya Savchenko,
:07:35. > :07:36.is home after spending two years in a Russian jail.
:07:37. > :07:40.She was released as part of a prisoner swap.
:07:41. > :07:43.The BBC's Tom Burridge has been at the airport in Kiev
:07:44. > :07:57.where people gathered to welcome her back.
:07:58. > :07:59.Nadiya Savchenko was in typically defiant mood.
:08:00. > :08:01.She was very, very emotional when she came out, just then.
:08:02. > :08:05.You get the sense from the chaos and the number of cameras here of
:08:06. > :08:09.She has come to symbolise much more than one individual.
:08:10. > :08:10.Because, in the context of Ukraine's relationship
:08:11. > :08:13.with Russia over the course of the last two years,
:08:14. > :08:16.the war in the East, she, who was captured
:08:17. > :08:18.in the east of Ukraine, has remained defiant.
:08:19. > :08:20.And for many Ukrainians, she has come to symbolise
:08:21. > :08:22.defiance against perceived Russian aggression.
:08:23. > :08:25.She symbolises something that I want to be when I grow up.
:08:26. > :08:30.And I think that all of our country should be more like Nadiya,
:08:31. > :08:35.And she's been fighting for her freedom.
:08:36. > :08:42.Doe sshe symbolise something in that respect as well?
:08:43. > :08:45.I would say that she was fighting for her dignity, and freedom.
:08:46. > :08:48.Because she, freedom is something no one can be denied.
:08:49. > :08:50.You don't fight for your freedom, being in prison.
:08:51. > :08:53.She only wanted a fair trial, not being treated as some, you know,
:08:54. > :08:57.Everybody understands that freedom and the struggle are very important
:08:58. > :09:05.And Nadiya symbolises two of these things.
:09:06. > :09:08.Now a look at some of the day's other news.
:09:09. > :09:10.The Afghan Taliban have announced the name of their new leader.
:09:11. > :09:11.Mawlawi Hibatullah Akhundzada will replace
:09:12. > :09:13.Mullah Akhtar Mansour, who was killed
:09:14. > :09:16.in a US drone strike last week on his car in Pakistan.
:09:17. > :09:21.Correspondents say the new leader's appointment has not caused as much
:09:22. > :09:27.controversy as Mansour's, which led to splits in Taliban ranks.
:09:28. > :09:29.The French government says it has begun using its strategic
:09:30. > :09:32.oil reserves to bolster the country's energy supply.
:09:33. > :09:35.A strike against labour reforms is now affecting six
:09:36. > :09:40.of the country's eight refineries, leading to fuel shortages.
:09:41. > :09:43.Some trade unions are calling on the government to reverse
:09:44. > :09:44.controversial new labour reforms forced through
:09:45. > :09:49.The controversial right-wing Israeli politician Avigdor Lieberman
:09:50. > :09:52.has been named as the country's new defence minister.
:09:53. > :09:55.The appointment is part of a deal to bring his party
:09:56. > :10:07.into Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu's government.
:10:08. > :10:12.government is a "threat to regional stability".
:10:13. > :10:18.It's being reported from the US that the frontrunner
:10:19. > :10:19.for the Democrat nomination, Hillary Clinton, is
:10:20. > :10:22.heavily criticised in an official report into her email accounts.
:10:23. > :10:23.She's under investigation after admitting
:10:24. > :10:25.using her personal email account for official business,
:10:26. > :10:27.when she was Secretary of State under President Obama.
:10:28. > :10:31.We can talk now to our correspondent in Washington, Barbara Plett Usher.
:10:32. > :10:40.My introduction does not quite capture the intensity of feeling
:10:41. > :10:45.that this issue has aroused. No, this e-mail saga has been going on
:10:46. > :10:50.for some time. It has dealt quite a political blow to Mrs Clinton as she
:10:51. > :10:54.has been campaigning to become president. This is the latest twist
:10:55. > :10:58.in a saga that continues to go on. This was an internal audit by the
:10:59. > :11:03.State Department. It found that she broke garment rules on handling
:11:04. > :11:07.e-mails. She shoots -- she should've asked for permission to set up a
:11:08. > :11:09.private e-mail server, which she did not. She should have handed over
:11:10. > :11:14.e-mails for government record immediately when she left office,
:11:15. > :11:18.which she did not, only much later. This report said there were
:11:19. > :11:20.long-term systemic albums with the State Department handling of
:11:21. > :11:25.e-mails, going back to previous secretaries, which is something that
:11:26. > :11:29.the Clinton campaign has pointed out. At the same time they say that
:11:30. > :11:34.the guidelines for dealing with e-mails were more advanced and
:11:35. > :11:40.up-to-date when she was in office so she was more probable. And there is
:11:41. > :11:47.political fallout from this. Whether it is there not, voters seem to be
:11:48. > :11:51.telling opinion pollsters, we're not sure if we trust Hillary Clinton.
:11:52. > :11:57.The polls have shown that the e-mail saga has had an impact on views of
:11:58. > :12:01.how trustworthy she is. When the Republican presumptive nominee
:12:02. > :12:05.Donald Trump has been using the e-mails in his attacks on her, and
:12:06. > :12:09.can also look at Hillary, so he will be using this as ammunition as part
:12:10. > :12:14.of that campaign. This report was pending. It was hanging over her. It
:12:15. > :12:17.is now out. It is done towards the end of the primaries and before the
:12:18. > :12:22.timing of the general election campaign so maybe the timing will be
:12:23. > :12:27.beneficial to her. The other report is an FBI one into whether she was
:12:28. > :12:34.involved in mishandling classified information, which is a more serious
:12:35. > :12:37.thing in its consequences. It does not look like they will press
:12:38. > :12:40.charges, but we don't know for sure, yet, so she will be waiting now on
:12:41. > :12:44.the results of that investigation. Now, this next story could be quite
:12:45. > :12:46.disturbing for those who cherish their cars,
:12:47. > :12:48.or medieval Italy. A 200-metre section of the
:12:49. > :12:50.embankment of the River Arno in central
:12:51. > :12:53.Florence has collapsed, sending part of the road
:12:54. > :12:55.and at least 20 parked cars The embankment is at a central point
:12:56. > :13:06.in this historic city. The collapse is just metres
:13:07. > :13:09.from the famous Ponte Vecchio covered bridge, which was built
:13:10. > :13:13.in the 14th century. Fox Emerson lives
:13:14. > :13:22.right near the site. This happen overnight, didn't it?
:13:23. > :13:28.Your neighbours heard some loud noises coming from the river. Yes.
:13:29. > :13:34.There was lots of flooding last night. It started around mid night.
:13:35. > :13:37.The noises were around 6am. It sounded like an earthquake to many
:13:38. > :13:42.of the locals coming from the road next to the Ponte Vecchio. So, did
:13:43. > :13:49.you all rush out to see what was going on? I happen to be awake at
:13:50. > :13:54.6am and because they had no gas or water I went for a walk along the
:13:55. > :14:00.river. When I first went, it had not been cordoned off. When I went back
:14:01. > :14:05.a couple of others later it had been cordoned off. What do you think had
:14:06. > :14:10.caused it, or is it obvious what had caused it? I thought the river had
:14:11. > :14:16.somehow gone through the wall into the road. It turns out it is just a
:14:17. > :14:19.burst pipe under the main pathway. It is pretty close to some fairly
:14:20. > :14:26.well-known spots in historic Florence. It is scarily close to the
:14:27. > :14:31.Ponte Vecchio and the two main bridges. People will Bory that
:14:32. > :14:37.whatever has caused this collapse could ripple further. -- will worry.
:14:38. > :14:40.There is that fear, yes. What more have you been told about what the
:14:41. > :14:45.authorities have been doing 's this must have caused disruption for you.
:14:46. > :14:50.I still don't have running water or gas. Lots of people are in that
:14:51. > :14:56.situation. That is just inconvenience for one day. We don't
:14:57. > :15:02.know the extent of the damage. All we know is what we have seen on the
:15:03. > :15:04.Internet and on the news. Thank you for helping is out, and good luck
:15:05. > :15:07.getting your utilities restored. Once the standard for luxurious
:15:08. > :15:09.travel across the Atlantic, this week marks the 80th anniversary
:15:10. > :15:12.of the Queen Mary's maiden voyage. Currently, a museum
:15:13. > :15:15.and hotel in California, the ship's role in saving Jews
:15:16. > :15:20.from the Nazis It's emerged that hundreds of Jews
:15:21. > :15:24.fleeing Germany and Austria used
:15:25. > :15:26.the Queen Mary to get out of Europe. Duncan Kennedy has this remarkable
:15:27. > :15:31.story. ARCHIVE: Southampton.
:15:32. > :15:34.This really was it. First for speed and the
:15:35. > :15:36.last word in luxury. The Queen Mary transformed
:15:37. > :15:40.transatlantic sailing. But her maiden voyage coincided
:15:41. > :15:47.with the rise of the Nazis. And a scramble among Jews to get
:15:48. > :15:51.out. We were hit all the time by these
:15:52. > :15:54.gangsters, I call them. For many like Ludwig Katzenstein,
:15:55. > :15:56.the Queen Mary would become He fled Germany in 1938
:15:57. > :16:04.with his two older brothers. In a perilous journey
:16:05. > :16:09.with their parents, they were arrested by the Gestapo
:16:10. > :16:12.and had to telegraph the Queen Mary That was in Cherbourg. Incredibly,
:16:13. > :16:22.he did. I don't have the words
:16:23. > :16:29.in the dictionary to praise him. That this man was so good and waited
:16:30. > :16:36.for us those six hours, the crucial point. That is why I'm
:16:37. > :16:41.able to sit here and make this film. That captain was Robert Irving
:16:42. > :16:47.from Dumfriesshire. He broke every rule
:16:48. > :16:49.to save Ludwig's family. Today Captain Irving's relatives say
:16:50. > :16:58.he was a man of compassion. It was clearly a personal
:16:59. > :17:04.decision, you know? He would not have
:17:05. > :17:06.been instructed to do that. And it shows a lot of, in my view,
:17:07. > :17:09.considerable humanity. New research now shows thousands
:17:10. > :17:11.of Jews were saved They included Robert Tannenbaum,
:17:12. > :17:18.seen here during his actual escape, One life abandoned,
:17:19. > :17:28.but safety ahead. This is me with my sunglasses.
:17:29. > :17:31.Clearly the weather And to this day, Robert
:17:32. > :17:35.remains grateful. The bottom line is the Queen Mary
:17:36. > :17:39.saved me and my mum The Queen Mary left Southampton
:17:40. > :17:51.for the last time in 1967 and was brought here to Long Beach,
:17:52. > :17:55.California, to become
:17:56. > :17:57.a floating hotel and museum. Her role in helping Jews escape
:17:58. > :18:00.the Nazis lost in history. But now on this, the 80th
:18:01. > :18:03.anniversary of her maiden voyage, this remarkable story
:18:04. > :18:08.can finally be told. These are some of the generations
:18:09. > :18:11.of Jews given life after their families made it
:18:12. > :18:14.out on the Queen Mary. They survived, whilst millions
:18:15. > :18:18.more did not escape, And another refugee
:18:19. > :18:33.from Nazi Germany is at the heart
:18:34. > :18:35.of this feature. We think we know what the great
:18:36. > :18:38.global cities look like, so it's always fascinating to get
:18:39. > :18:40.a different insight. That's what's on offer
:18:41. > :18:43.with a new exhibition of images called Unseen London,
:18:44. > :18:44.Paris and New York - pictures taken by three
:18:45. > :18:46.major photographers They've just gone on show
:18:47. > :18:50.at the Ben Uri Gallery With me is the exhibition's curator,
:18:51. > :20:03.Katy Barron. Welcome to the programme. We have
:20:04. > :20:10.three photographers and three cities. Let's start in London with
:20:11. > :20:19.Wolfgang Suschitzky who was an Austrian who fled to London. He came
:20:20. > :20:24.to London in 1934, in order to escape. Not really because he was
:20:25. > :20:28.Jewish, but more because he was a socialist and wanted to get away
:20:29. > :20:33.from the rise of Nazism. He was looking through the eyes of an
:20:34. > :20:38.outsider and London and showing something a bit different.
:20:39. > :20:42.Absolutely. He said that when he arrived, he could see things that
:20:43. > :20:46.Londoners couldn't see. He saw through the eyes of strangers,
:20:47. > :20:52.something that we take for granted, something like buses, he photographs
:20:53. > :20:56.with wonder. And the gloom and doom, the depression, the smog, these were
:20:57. > :21:06.coming across because they were so different from Vienna. This was a
:21:07. > :21:10.shop front, a museum front, on Oxford Street at the heart of
:21:11. > :21:14.London. This is extraordinary. What are we looking at? We are looking at
:21:15. > :21:23.effectively a place of entertainment, someone has set up an
:21:24. > :21:29.exhibition of wax dioramas, there was a children's section with Disney
:21:30. > :21:34.characters and Bing Crosby, and also a section where you could see Nazi
:21:35. > :21:40.atrocities. This was during the war itself. It was put up in 1944,
:21:41. > :21:46.interestingly. It raises questions as to what was actually known in
:21:47. > :21:50.Britain during the war. It could not have been in a more mainstream
:21:51. > :21:59.place. Let's move on to Paris and the 50s, Dorothy Bohm who was born
:22:00. > :22:09.in East Prussia, she toured in England and went to Paris. She,
:22:10. > :22:12.again, was a refugee from the Nazis. His father bash back her father put
:22:13. > :22:16.his camera around her neck before she got on the train to England. She
:22:17. > :22:22.did not then see her parents for 20 years. Another extraordinary story.
:22:23. > :22:25.She first went to Paris in 1947 and fell in love with the city and was
:22:26. > :22:30.fortunate enough to go back and live there in the 50s for one year. Her
:22:31. > :22:33.husband was quite successful so she did not have to work. She was able
:22:34. > :22:40.to roam the streets of Paris, seeing the city without Agger this, without
:22:41. > :22:45.any sort of agenda -- without prejudice. And that comes across in
:22:46. > :22:52.these photos. And Neil Libbert was an English newspaper photojournalist
:22:53. > :23:00.who goes to New York in the 60s. He was there at a time of the race
:23:01. > :23:08.riots and of great tension. He photographed in Harlem in the 60s,
:23:09. > :23:12.1964, during the race riots. The image that we see now was taken in
:23:13. > :23:18.1968. It was a very interesting image. The gaze of a woman is quite
:23:19. > :23:21.confrontational and perhaps aggressive, and it is interesting to
:23:22. > :23:27.know that Neil was definitely a ladies man. He was happy to try to
:23:28. > :23:33.photograph a beautiful woman on the subway despite her unfriendly glare.
:23:34. > :23:39.That could be a modern image, couldn't it? Absolutely. Thank you
:23:40. > :23:49.for coming in. We have been bringing you reports about the scientific
:23:50. > :23:53.revolution in China and our correspondent has been under a
:23:54. > :24:03.mountain in China joining Saint is looking for some of the most elusive
:24:04. > :24:07.particles in the universe. Scientists are on the trail of one
:24:08. > :24:11.of the most elusive particles ever known. They are called neutrinos and
:24:12. > :24:16.they are absolutely everywhere. Even as I am speaking to you, trillions
:24:17. > :24:20.of them are streaming through me. The only problem is that you cannot
:24:21. > :24:24.see or feel them and they are incredibly difficult to study. But
:24:25. > :24:29.in there, they think they have cracked it. The walls have been
:24:30. > :24:36.carved out of granite and we are travelling hundreds of metres under
:24:37. > :24:39.the rock. That is important if you want to find those particles. You
:24:40. > :24:47.have to be sheltered from cosmic rays, the space weather, that
:24:48. > :24:50.bombards the surface of the Earth. The other thing I shall tell you
:24:51. > :24:56.while we are underground is that neutrinos do not behave like we
:24:57. > :25:01.expect them to. They do something no other particle can do. They are
:25:02. > :25:05.constantly changing. They have three very different forms, swapping from
:25:06. > :25:11.one to the other and back again. It is this that scientists are trying
:25:12. > :25:19.to understand. It is a golden age of study for neutrinos. Many
:25:20. > :25:22.experiments are going on and are under construction and we expect
:25:23. > :25:30.them to be discovered in the near future. This is the heart of the
:25:31. > :25:37.experiment. Beneath these covers is a giant tank full of water and
:25:38. > :25:44.inside are the detectors. These are able to spot the very rare occasions
:25:45. > :25:48.that neutrinos bump into regular particles. So far they have found
:25:49. > :25:51.millions of them. It means that they are finally getting close to
:25:52. > :25:57.cracking how they work. This is vital because neutrinos are thought
:25:58. > :26:01.to have played an essential role in the early universe, and
:26:02. > :26:05.understanding them could up -- could transform our understanding of the
:26:06. > :26:15.Cosmos. That's all. Thank you for watching.
:26:16. > :26:16.With that crowd today it has felt chilly. It will be with