:00:08. > :00:15.This is BBC World News today. History is made in Hiroshima.
:00:16. > :00:18.Survivors watch as the US President and the Japanese Prime Minister pay
:00:19. > :00:24.their respects to the 70,000 who died there. The memory of the
:00:25. > :00:37.morning of August six 1945 has never faded. That memory allows us to
:00:38. > :00:41.fight complacency. It fuels our moral imagination. Olympic chiefs
:00:42. > :00:47.say 23 competitors from the London 2012 games have failed retrospective
:00:48. > :00:51.doping tests. A final reckoning for Argentina in the next few hours of
:00:52. > :00:53.court which will deliver a verdict on former military officers accused
:00:54. > :00:57.of handing down and killing political opponents in South
:00:58. > :01:00.America. A new adventure for an old
:01:01. > :01:16.favourite, we celebrate 90 years of Winnie the Pooh.
:01:17. > :01:21.We start in Japan where for the first time, a serving US President
:01:22. > :01:29.has visited the first city destroyed by an American atomic bomb. At least
:01:30. > :01:33.70,000 people killed in the shame on the 6th of August 19 45. Tens of
:01:34. > :01:38.thousands more would go on to die from the effects. Three days later,
:01:39. > :01:41.a second bomb killed at least 70,000 people in Nagasaki. The Americans
:01:42. > :01:46.say the attacks did much to bring the war in Japan to an earlier end.
:01:47. > :01:51.There was no apology from President Obama but speaking to an audience,
:01:52. > :02:00.he reflected on the lessons from the day where death fell from the sky
:02:01. > :02:03.and the world was changed. 71 years ago, a US President sent a
:02:04. > :02:11.single bomb to destroy an entire Japanese city. Today, a holder of
:02:12. > :02:14.the same office came here for the first time. Standing next to the
:02:15. > :02:24.Japanese Prime Minister in a gesture of peace. It is impossible to deny
:02:25. > :02:28.of course the deep significance of this moment, the huge media presence
:02:29. > :02:33.are here to see the leader of the only country ever to have used an
:02:34. > :02:38.atomic weapon, paying his respects in your Shima, a city that has come
:02:39. > :02:46.to symbolise the perils of our nuclear age. On a bright, cloudless
:02:47. > :02:56.morning, death fell from the sky is in the world was changed. A flash of
:02:57. > :03:04.light and a wall of fire destroyed a city. And a demonstrated that
:03:05. > :03:11.mankind possessed the means to destroy itself. From the instant of
:03:12. > :03:17.that first blast, President Obama has made it clear that he is not
:03:18. > :03:22.here to offer an apology. For an act his predecessors have argued was
:03:23. > :03:29.necessary to end the war. I said to my friend, look, beautiful, the
:03:30. > :03:36.aeroplane is beautiful, and pointed. This lady was 13 and as she pointed,
:03:37. > :03:39.the bomb exploded in the sky above her. She still suffers the effects
:03:40. > :03:47.of the serious burns today. What do you think about the visit by
:03:48. > :03:58.President Obama? I was very happy to hear that because that is one step
:03:59. > :04:02.towards peace. But, as always, a short distance from the President
:04:03. > :04:08.stands an officer carrying America's new clear launch codes. It is a
:04:09. > :04:13.reminder of the reality on the day strong on the symbolism and lofty
:04:14. > :04:19.ideals. The BBC's correspondent told us what
:04:20. > :04:25.it was like to be there today. A very historic and a significant day
:04:26. > :04:28.and visit by the first ever existing, serving US President to be
:04:29. > :04:33.visiting Hiroshima where the first ever atomic bomb was dropped just
:04:34. > :04:39.about 71 years ago. Find me is the famous dome where actually we are
:04:40. > :04:45.very close to the bridge which is believed to have been easy target
:04:46. > :04:50.for the pilot to drop the bomb because of the capital. The mood
:04:51. > :04:55.here has been quite relaxed in fact. Despite the fact that very tight
:04:56. > :04:57.security, there were a lot of police officers, as you can imagine, but
:04:58. > :05:03.when you speak to local residents, even though the President didn't
:05:04. > :05:08.apologise for the bombing which killed hundreds of thousands of
:05:09. > :05:13.people, the mood here has been quite positive and local residents say
:05:14. > :05:16.they are quite glad that the serving US President has finally come to
:05:17. > :05:22.visit, even though there was no official apology.
:05:23. > :05:26.The UN refugee agency in Iraq says it has reports of people dying from
:05:27. > :05:32.starvation in the village which Iraqi forces are fighting to take.
:05:33. > :05:37.Around 50,000 civilians are trapped and food and other supplies are
:05:38. > :05:43.extremely low. Spokesperson says only around 800 people have managed
:05:44. > :05:48.to escape Iraqi government so far. Some 50,000 civilians still remain
:05:49. > :05:57.trapped inside the ledger and they are prevented from escaping as the
:05:58. > :06:02.government continues to come under heavy bombardment by the Iraqi
:06:03. > :06:10.forces. Food has been in very short supply. We are hearing accounts that
:06:11. > :06:15.people are relying on expired rice and dried dates and that is about it
:06:16. > :06:20.for their diet. We have also heard reports of starvation related deaths
:06:21. > :06:25.among the publishing their and this is from the people we have
:06:26. > :06:30.interviewed who have escaped. Staying with Iraq, soldiers have
:06:31. > :06:33.fired tear gas to disperse protesters who have gathered in
:06:34. > :06:39.Baghdad. Several protesters were injured. Demonstrators loyal to the
:06:40. > :06:46.Chirac Carrick have been calling for comprehensive reforms for months. A
:06:47. > :06:50.few weeks ago, demonstrators blasted into Iraq Pablo Carreno Busta
:06:51. > :06:54.parliament and government officers. Many drivers across France are still
:06:55. > :06:58.having trouble finding fuel the result of strikes and blockades by
:06:59. > :07:05.French trade unions. All but one of the union blockades have now been
:07:06. > :07:07.cleared but shortages and long to use at petrol stations. President
:07:08. > :07:11.Francois Hollande said he will stand firm on the changes to laws which
:07:12. > :07:14.are wanted the strikes. A passenger plane has been evacuated
:07:15. > :07:18.on the runway of an airport in Tokyo after an engine fire. All 300
:07:19. > :07:23.passengers and crew were safely moved from flight. Firefighters
:07:24. > :07:28.sprayed white foam onto the engine to extinguish the blaze.
:07:29. > :07:32.One of the world's biggest cyber security firms is investigating
:07:33. > :07:37.whether North Korea is behind attacks on computer systems used by
:07:38. > :07:42.three banks in south-east Asia. They say it has detected the same rare
:07:43. > :07:47.item in all three cases and in one attack more than $80 million was
:07:48. > :07:53.stolen. The final verdict in an historic
:07:54. > :07:58.human rights trial is expected in Argentina in the next couple of
:07:59. > :08:01.hours. Operation Condor was a campaign of state-sponsored terror
:08:02. > :08:07.organised by South American dictatorships in the 1970s. The US
:08:08. > :08:12.backed regime conspired to hunt down, kill political opponents in
:08:13. > :08:18.South America and beyond. 40 years ago, this man was kidnapped
:08:19. > :08:24.and held illegally in this old workshop in Buenos Aires. She was
:08:25. > :08:29.tortured before being sent back to her native country. In the process,
:08:30. > :08:39.she was separated from her son. They were reunited 26 years later. I
:08:40. > :08:45.think that I spend most of the time here. The cold was terrible but the
:08:46. > :08:48.screams or worse. The screams of those being tortured with the first
:08:49. > :08:53.thing you heard and they made you shiver. That is why there was a
:08:54. > :08:55.radio blasting day and night. What affects me most here is this
:08:56. > :09:01.staircase. They took the upstairs and that is where the questioning
:09:02. > :09:05.and the torture started. I think I screamed. I realised it was a sign
:09:06. > :09:10.of life and it was impossible to hold back and if you screamed, the
:09:11. > :09:16.others knew that you were alive. During the Cold War, South American
:09:17. > :09:21.dictatorships came together to systematically eliminate opponents.
:09:22. > :09:29.It was a transnational plan called operation Condor. Over the past
:09:30. > :09:34.three years, the historic trial in Argentina has specifically focused
:09:35. > :09:37.on this conspiracy. This trial is different to other human rights
:09:38. > :09:41.trials, there is an overwhelming number of documents. We are not
:09:42. > :09:45.talking about what happened in one detention centre or in one location
:09:46. > :09:50.in Argentina, we're talking about what happened in Argentina, Uruguay,
:09:51. > :09:54.Bolivia, Paraguay and Brazil. Uruguayans like Sarah consider
:09:55. > :09:59.Friday's sentence especially symbolic because courts in their
:10:00. > :10:04.home country have never tried ex-military for torture. Among the
:10:05. > :10:11.18 defendants there is also a former Uruguayan colonel. It's a milestone
:10:12. > :10:15.in human rights and like in the past where we had international courts,
:10:16. > :10:17.what we have here is a domestic court in Argentina which is
:10:18. > :10:23.prosecuting transnational crimes that were committed in an organised
:10:24. > :10:31.fashion by six dates in Latin America. Testimonies of survivors of
:10:32. > :10:36.torture centres have been fundamental in determining the scope
:10:37. > :10:44.of operation Condor. Today, 40 years later, Sarah and many others will
:10:45. > :10:47.finally see some justice. Brazilian police are searching for
:10:48. > :10:53.more than 30 men suspected of raping a 16-year-old girl and then posting
:10:54. > :10:57.videos of the attack on line. The teenager reportedly went to her
:10:58. > :11:01.boyfriend 's house in real on Saturday before waking up naked and
:11:02. > :11:07.surrounded by armed men. Arrest warrants have been issued including
:11:08. > :11:12.one for the girls boyfriend. And it is from the Woodlands rights
:11:13. > :11:17.organisation that operates in Rio de Janeiro. I imagine that you were
:11:18. > :11:24.shocked by this video but not surprised? Yes, I am shocked and I
:11:25. > :11:31.am surprised to because it's something that no one was expecting
:11:32. > :11:38.because we say that here in Brazil, we have a great future but this is
:11:39. > :11:44.something that we never expected because it is just really, really
:11:45. > :11:50.strange. What about it was so unexpected for you when we know how
:11:51. > :11:57.many rape cases go unreported and prosecuted in Brazil? Is coming here
:11:58. > :12:09.in Brazil we have a lot of rapeseed -- rape cases but not in this
:12:10. > :12:15.intensity. The video itself is very shocking but also what is still
:12:16. > :12:18.chilling also is the comment that people have made, that this girl
:12:19. > :12:25.seems to be blamed for what happened to her? Is, they said something
:12:26. > :12:30.about her clothes, like she was asking for it. Always trying to
:12:31. > :12:36.justify the action and we know something that cannot be justified.
:12:37. > :12:45.Tell us what your organisation is trying to do? The women's movement
:12:46. > :12:50.in Brazil, this was really unexpected for all of us and so we
:12:51. > :13:02.are a little shocked at this moment and we really don't know what to do
:13:03. > :13:14.in the first moment. We are trying to make the press that some
:13:15. > :13:19.attention on this, making campaigns. Also trying to break this idea of
:13:20. > :13:26.these people who want to justify this type of action. If you can hear
:13:27. > :13:32.me, what exactly do you think is the problem? Is a way the police deal
:13:33. > :13:37.with cases or is it just the social attitudes to attacks on women? It is
:13:38. > :13:39.the social attitudes because it's something that is really
:13:40. > :13:45.internalised on people, especially men. When we talk about rape, we
:13:46. > :13:58.talk about power so it's not about just sex, it's about a man trying to
:13:59. > :14:13.put their power and subjugating women. So it is one of the things
:14:14. > :14:22.that was really used in tortures and this shows how men and women are
:14:23. > :14:32.different in this world. Thank you very much for joining us.
:14:33. > :14:40.The International Olympic Committee says 23 more athletes have tested
:14:41. > :14:44.positive for doping. The IOC says the athletes were from five sports
:14:45. > :14:50.and of six different nationalities. They didn't give any further details
:14:51. > :14:54.citing legal reasons. I have been asking our correspondent if we know
:14:55. > :14:57.any more information. We don't know the names of the athletes or the
:14:58. > :15:02.substances tested positive for. The IOC will not reveal that information
:15:03. > :15:07.until the samples have been analysed and if they come back positive, then
:15:08. > :15:10.they might reveal their names. If they come back positive, the
:15:11. > :15:13.athletes will have a hearing where they can put forward any information
:15:14. > :15:18.that they may have which may have led to this binding. If they are
:15:19. > :15:23.happy with that, they can ban the athlete was stripped them from any
:15:24. > :15:27.medals. It's a process because the athlete can take this to
:15:28. > :15:33.arbitration. These were targeted tests of the IOC would have done a
:15:34. > :15:38.risk assessment and figured out certain nations which were at higher
:15:39. > :15:41.risk. This follows the recent retesting of samples from the
:15:42. > :15:44.Beijing Olympics. You know that 31 of those samples came back positive
:15:45. > :15:46.and the Russian Olympic committee have said 14 are from their
:15:47. > :16:00.athletes. Wanting to almost give this game a
:16:01. > :16:05.clean bill of health. It has been very topical. They want to avoid a
:16:06. > :16:11.major scandal going into the real Olympics. This also shows the size
:16:12. > :16:16.of the challenge. If you remember in the lead up to London 2012, the
:16:17. > :16:21.organisers and scientists said they had state of the art facilities,
:16:22. > :16:26.there would be more tests, they would test for more samples. This
:16:27. > :16:32.shows people will always find a way to beat the system. Sometimes, there
:16:33. > :16:36.is a lag in that information. That is why the IOC and authorities store
:16:37. > :16:40.the samples for ten years, go back and retest them as the test
:16:41. > :16:48.procedures become more sophisticated. They say this process
:16:49. > :16:54.is still ongoing. There aren't many books authors who have changed the
:16:55. > :17:04.way we think about the world but the selfish Gene published by Richard
:17:05. > :17:09.Dawkins is one. Philippa Thomas of the man himself mind is of the
:17:10. > :17:11.central idea behind his selfish gene theory and more about his
:17:12. > :17:19.controversial bestselling book, the delusion. In Darwinian natural
:17:20. > :17:30.selection, which is the process that gives rise to all life, the thing
:17:31. > :17:34.that is selected is the gene. Once you understand that, then a whole
:17:35. > :17:39.lot of things fall into place and make sense. They made sense in 1976
:17:40. > :17:45.and make sense today. As you look back at the number of books you have
:17:46. > :17:48.written, and your career as a scientist and educator, how would
:17:49. > :17:53.you describe the difference that you hope you have made? I certainly hope
:17:54. > :17:58.I have changed the minds of biologists and I think I sort of
:17:59. > :18:02.power. If you watch what biologists do in the field in the Serengeti or
:18:03. > :18:06.the Galapagos, you will find the questions they ask up things like,
:18:07. > :18:13.what is the good of this behaviour for the animals genes? I hope I have
:18:14. > :18:17.done that. I hope I have made some difference to the number of people
:18:18. > :18:28.who accept evolution. In America, 40% of people don't today. And I
:18:29. > :18:33.hope into the books you mentioned, all about that advocating evolution
:18:34. > :18:39.by natural selection, I hope I have made a difference there. As for the
:18:40. > :18:43.God delusion, I think that has caused quite a number of people to
:18:44. > :18:48.change their minds in a good direction. You mentioned America
:18:49. > :18:53.there and it is a fact that in many parts of the States, creationism is
:18:54. > :19:02.too taught in schools, there is a creationist museum in Kentucky and
:19:03. > :19:09.there are active intellectuals to you all thought. It's deplorable and
:19:10. > :19:13.is fuelled by ignorance. There is no informed educated opposition to
:19:14. > :19:17.evolution. It's entirely pushed by people who have no education or
:19:18. > :19:22.understanding. What you think about the fact of 40 years after the
:19:23. > :19:26.selfish Gene, the ideas of creationism are in some schools in
:19:27. > :19:31.the UK which are very attractive to a significant number of people. They
:19:32. > :19:35.are not in state schools legally. There are some schools where it is
:19:36. > :19:41.pushed and some teachers, although they pay lip service to the official
:19:42. > :19:47.syllabus including evolution, they will tip the wink to the students
:19:48. > :19:51.don't believe it themselves. That is unfortunately true in Islamic
:19:52. > :19:56.schools. I have heard stories of colleagues were medical students,
:19:57. > :19:59.grown-up medical students, have actually walked out of evolution in
:20:00. > :20:05.the example University College London because they are about
:20:06. > :20:09.evolution, which is a closed mindedness and not something we like
:20:10. > :20:13.to see in our doctors. I want to also raised with you something we
:20:14. > :20:18.have covered a lot in the last few weeks which is what is happening in
:20:19. > :20:25.Bangladesh, where a number of atheist bloggers or secular
:20:26. > :20:30.bloggers, activists, academics have been hacked by machetes. There
:20:31. > :20:37.atheism more secularism is a big threat. You don't need me to told
:20:38. > :20:42.you how deplorable that is. What I think is especially deplorable is
:20:43. > :20:49.that the motive for these hideous murders are simply religion. That's
:20:50. > :20:54.all it is. It's a disagreement about ideas and that's very unpleasant and
:20:55. > :20:59.very serious if people can be hacked to death simply expressing a view
:21:00. > :21:06.about the cosmos, life, morality, not for anything they have done, not
:21:07. > :21:10.for supporting a political point of view which the murderous disagree
:21:11. > :21:17.with. It's just ideas. That's a shocking thing. If ever someone was
:21:18. > :21:21.on the right place at the right time, the surgeon whose name was
:21:22. > :21:25.given to the anti-choking manoeuvre he has developed has used the
:21:26. > :21:30.technique himself at the age of 96 to save and 87-year-old woman.
:21:31. > :21:34.Doctor Henry Heimlich performed his famous manoeuvre on a fellow
:21:35. > :21:39.resident at the retirement move where he lives. He dislodged a piece
:21:40. > :21:45.of hamburger from Patti's airway after she had been choking and
:21:46. > :21:50.unable to breathe. The manoeuvre involves pushing up hard against the
:21:51. > :21:53.choking person's rib cage to shift the blockage. Archaeologists in
:21:54. > :21:59.Boston have uncovered a shipwreck from the 1800 's. It was discovered
:22:00. > :22:07.during the construction of the building. The harbour area. The
:22:08. > :22:14.vessel was partially burned and had been carrying life. I don't think
:22:15. > :22:17.you will have missed the fact that Queen Elizabeth is celebrating her
:22:18. > :22:24.90th birthday this year but so was a very fair must air, Winnie the Pooh.
:22:25. > :22:33.To mark the joint birthday, a new story has been written called Winnie
:22:34. > :22:40.the Pooh and the Royal birthday. There, announced Christopher Robin.
:22:41. > :22:44.That harm is fit for a queen. Winnie the Pooh, Piglet, Christopher Robin
:22:45. > :22:49.and it all, much loved literary characters. They are taking a
:22:50. > :22:53.special present to the Queen. The story has been rated by Jim
:22:54. > :22:59.Broadbent. It's a lovely story. It celebrates the Queen's 90th birthday
:23:00. > :23:06.and it also celebrates Winnie the Pooh's 90th birthday. The first bear
:23:07. > :23:11.was called after him. I have loved being part of this story. It has
:23:12. > :23:16.been an honour to narrate the story. The first Winnie the Pooh Beck was
:23:17. > :23:22.published in 1926. Christopher Robin was named after his son. One of the
:23:23. > :23:25.early books was dedicated to the baby Princess Elizabeth and as her
:23:26. > :23:29.child she was said to be a fan of Winnie the Pooh but the two haven't
:23:30. > :23:34.met until now. All at once, there was a stirring in the crowd and a
:23:35. > :23:39.murmur rose up. It's the Queen! She was greeting the crowd as she went.
:23:40. > :23:42.As part of the new adventure, Winnie the Pooh and his friend pass by
:23:43. > :23:49.Harrods which is described as one very grand shop which Winnie the
:23:50. > :23:52.Pooh found strangely familiar. Fans will know it was familiar because
:23:53. > :23:57.the stories were based on a real teddy bear that was bought from
:23:58. > :24:02.Harrods. This is the closest to what the original Winnie the Pooh was
:24:03. > :24:07.like. Christopher Robin's mother bore Winnie the Pooh in Harrods in
:24:08. > :24:10.1921 for Christopher Robin's first birthday. She didn't know then that
:24:11. > :24:18.he would turn into the most famous pair in the world. He was a British
:24:19. > :24:27.made Alpha teddy bear, 18 inches, and would have cost 13 shillings and
:24:28. > :24:31.sixpence, the equivalent of ?27 nowadays. Today, Winnie the Pooh has
:24:32. > :24:35.been translated into more than 40 languages and this latest tale, he
:24:36. > :24:39.needs a new generation. The Queen is said to have been happy for the
:24:40. > :24:46.project to go ahead, celebrating a very special joint birthday with an
:24:47. > :24:51.old friend. The Sydney Opera House in Australia has been lit up with
:24:52. > :24:55.works by indigenous artists. It's part of the vivid Sydney Festival
:24:56. > :25:00.which has become an annual event in the city. Let me leave you with a
:25:01. > :26:12.taster of the spectacular light show being enjoyed by Sydneysiders.
:26:13. > :26:14.The heat and humidity has seen thunderstorms through the