:00:00. > :00:07.This is BBC World News Today with me, Geeta Guru-Murthy.
:00:08. > :00:11.Why the EU's policy on migration is not working.
:00:12. > :00:20.We have a special report from the Greek island of Chios.
:00:21. > :00:24.Wear the number of refugees and migrants is on the rise again.
:00:25. > :00:27.One in ten of us will die from air pollution, according
:00:28. > :00:32.Donald Trump claims Russia's Vladimir Putin is more of a
:00:33. > :00:41."He's unpatriotic," said Hillary Clinton.
:00:42. > :00:47.If he says great things about me, I will say great things about him. I
:00:48. > :00:48.have already said he is a great leader.
:00:49. > :01:08.saying there's not just one species but four.
:01:09. > :01:12.The number of refugees and migrants arriving on Greek islands
:01:13. > :01:15.is starting to go up again, despite a deal between the EU
:01:16. > :01:18.and Turkey earlier this year to reduce the flow of people
:01:19. > :01:24.As most of the people arriving in Greece travel
:01:25. > :01:26.through Turkey, the process of either returning them there,
:01:27. > :01:29.or moving them elsewhere in the EU, has virtually ground to a halt
:01:30. > :01:35.with some 60,000 now stuck in Greece.
:01:36. > :01:37.Our Europe correspondent, Damian Grammaticas, reports
:01:38. > :01:48.The tourists are here, indulging, enjoying their
:01:49. > :01:51.In the background, the refugees linger, trapped as
:01:52. > :01:59.Out at sea, the boats have slowed, Greek
:02:00. > :02:06.Europe's deal with Turkey is having an effect.
:02:07. > :02:16.Turkish patrols are deterring more crossings.
:02:17. > :02:22.Arrivals now around 100 a day, not in the thousands.
:02:23. > :02:27.So it is here on land where the crisis has shifted.
:02:28. > :02:34.This man arrived from Homs in Syria two months ago.
:02:35. > :02:39.We stayed in the gardens are 20 days and no one cared about us.
:02:40. > :02:41.He is now stuck in a temporary shelter hoping for
:02:42. > :02:45.refugee status but with no end to the process insight.
:02:46. > :02:53.There are people here for six months and they are still waiting.
:02:54. > :02:56.For me, I am two months so maybe we will wait two
:02:57. > :03:01.Adding to their frustration, the refugees cannot work.
:03:02. > :03:07.They are reliant on hand-outs and it is
:03:08. > :03:15.charities, not the EU, that is feeding them.
:03:16. > :03:17.For this lady, a Syrian Kurd, and her family
:03:18. > :03:21.degrading - and not what they expected in Europe.
:03:22. > :03:24.TRANSLATION: We escaped war, death, how can they reject us?
:03:25. > :03:26.We are in Europe, which always talks about
:03:27. > :03:34.Right in the heart of Chios, the refugees have made their own
:03:35. > :03:37.shanty and islanders believe the EU is deliberately slowing the asylum
:03:38. > :03:47.The EU would like to minimise the flow so they leave
:03:48. > :03:50.the procedure to take months for the refugees.
:03:51. > :03:55.The EU's policies have to an extent secured European borders
:03:56. > :03:58.here for now, limiting the influx but they have left Greece and the
:03:59. > :04:01.refugees already here in limbo, unclear when or to where they will
:04:02. > :04:12.Well, the vast majority of people who are stranded in Greece
:04:13. > :04:20.Five and a half years on and a political solution is still
:04:21. > :04:24.America and Russia, who back opposing sides in the conflict,
:04:25. > :04:26.have been discussing closer cooperation in the wider war,
:04:27. > :04:28.aiming for local truces - particularly in areas besieged
:04:29. > :04:38.One such community is the enclave of Muadhamiya,
:04:39. > :04:40.where, today, displaced civilians were able to evacuate.
:04:41. > :04:47.Our Middle East editor, Jeremy Bowen, watched them leave.
:04:48. > :04:53.Now, this group of displaced people are on the bus and they will be
:04:54. > :04:57.heading off pretty shortly to a camp and, by all accounts, that can is
:04:58. > :04:59.well run. By all accounts, that can is well run. Or maybe manage varying
:05:00. > :05:02.level, the fact that they are leaving their homes is not bad
:05:03. > :05:10.because they have been stopped in this enclave in Muadhamiya for 4-5
:05:11. > :05:15.years. On a strategic level, it is a good day for the regime because they
:05:16. > :05:19.are removing sources of opposition run around the very strategically
:05:20. > :05:24.important west side of the capital. If this is followed by another
:05:25. > :05:30.agreement to take fighters out, up to the north, then again, it is
:05:31. > :05:37.strategic gain for the regime. The buses going after now. Their
:05:38. > :05:41.possessions, their lives are boiled down now to some bundles of old
:05:42. > :05:46.clothes and they don't know what kind of future they are going into.
:05:47. > :05:48.It's just one bus leaving but, for those people, it is a huge moment in
:05:49. > :05:59.their lives. In just two months' time,
:06:00. > :06:01.Americans will cast their vote in an election the whole world
:06:02. > :06:04.is watching very closely. A Trump victory would
:06:05. > :06:05.have huge ramifications Last night, Hillary Clinton said
:06:06. > :06:10.Donald Trump was "not just unpatriotic" but also "scary"
:06:11. > :06:13.because he praised the Russian President Vladimir Putin
:06:14. > :06:15.over President Obama. Today, Mr Obama said Mr Trump
:06:16. > :06:32.isn't fit for office. The music came with a thumping
:06:33. > :06:38.marching. And aircraft carrier, the setting, with an ground zero.
:06:39. > :06:45.Hillary Clinton entered wanting to express our thoughts on a post-9
:06:46. > :06:50.1112 but instead found herself being interrogated. -- 9/11. It was a
:06:51. > :06:53.mistake you have a personal account. I would not have it again and I'm
:06:54. > :06:58.ignorant users for it. It is something that should not have been
:06:59. > :07:02.done. Secretary Clinton, thank you very much. This was not good enough
:07:03. > :07:06.for this battering in the audience who had handled classified material
:07:07. > :07:13.himself. You clearly corrupted classified material. I communicated
:07:14. > :07:19.a bad classified material on a separate system. I do get very
:07:20. > :07:28.seriously. So, now, please welcome new Republican nominee for
:07:29. > :07:38.president, President, -- Donald Trump. EBay questions about glad
:07:39. > :07:42.Putin. If he faces -- if he said good things about me, I will say
:07:43. > :07:47.good things about him. He has a very good, strong control over his
:07:48. > :07:53.country. It is a different system which I don't like, but he has been
:07:54. > :07:57.more of a leader than our president. He was also at about him or knowing
:07:58. > :08:04.more about Islamic State that America was 's general. Under
:08:05. > :08:10.President Obama and Hillary Clinton, they have been reduced to rubble. It
:08:11. > :08:22.isn't harassing for our country. Obama seems to echo widespread
:08:23. > :08:26.criticism over a journalist, he said this. You'll listen to what he said
:08:27. > :08:36.and follow up on what are either contradictory, uninformed or
:08:37. > :08:40.outright wanky ideas. And listen to this exchange with Gary Johnson.
:08:41. > :08:53.Hull what would you do if you were elected, about Aleppo? What is
:08:54. > :09:00.Aleppo? It is in Syria. It is the epicentre of the refugee crisis. OK,
:09:01. > :09:06.got it. That is a side show, it is the two main candidates are vying to
:09:07. > :09:12.become commander-in-chief. Hillary Clinton was land values of a private
:09:13. > :09:15.e-mail server. Donald Trump praised the Vladimir Putin criticised the
:09:16. > :09:20.generals he hopes to lead. A forum in which they are meant to state
:09:21. > :09:21.their strengths as an arrogant's next commander-in-chief but they
:09:22. > :09:26.highlighted their weaknesses. The first day of the Paralympic
:09:27. > :09:35.games has been getting under way today and,
:09:36. > :09:38.with 38 gold medals to be Julia Carneiro is there
:09:39. > :09:41.for us with the latest on the day's action -
:09:42. > :09:51.Julia Yes I am here where the day started
:09:52. > :09:55.with a seven A-side football match. The first was a Paralympics GB
:09:56. > :10:02.versus Brazil. Brazil did when in football. 2-1 against GB but there's
:10:03. > :10:07.still plenty of action going on with Ukraine playing Ireland. Ukraine is
:10:08. > :10:10.leading with at least six gals. The hearing screams from the inside cell
:10:11. > :10:18.they might have an even stronger lead. Earlier today, Netherlands
:10:19. > :10:22.there's the United States will also play. -- later today. We have had
:10:23. > :10:26.the first medals handed out in athletics. We are having the first
:10:27. > :10:35.final inswinging later on. More finals in athletics. -- in swimming.
:10:36. > :10:40.They won so let's hear from Andy Swiss on how things are going.
:10:41. > :10:45.After all the worries over ticket sales, thousands flocked
:10:46. > :10:47.to the Paralympic Park hoping for a dramatic day.
:10:48. > :10:53.Among the Opening Ceremony's highlights, Amy Purdie dancing the
:10:54. > :11:01.The booing of the Brazilian president a reminder of
:11:02. > :11:10.The torch bearer slipped on a rain-soaked
:11:11. > :11:12.floor, but the stadium rose in support.
:11:13. > :11:14.She picked herself up and
:11:15. > :11:23.A determination to succeed which Rio will hope these
:11:24. > :11:39.In the velodrome, Dame Sarah Storey in Christian history. Looking for a
:11:40. > :11:43.possible 12 Paralympic medal. Born without a left hand, she has
:11:44. > :11:48.excelled as a swimmer and a cyclist. It will take up as Baroness Grace
:11:49. > :11:52.Thomson's 11 medals. Something she said she can scarcely believe. Your
:11:53. > :11:58.mac I think the history is something to keep tabs on but it was unknown
:11:59. > :12:00.to me when I was suddenly told that I was just as good as Tanya. Tanya
:12:01. > :12:05.is my all-time hero. For the Brazilian fans
:12:06. > :12:06.the seven aside football
:12:07. > :12:08.proved a predictable draw. The competition for athletes
:12:09. > :12:10.with cerebral palsy or athletes who have experienced brain
:12:11. > :12:12.injuries pitted them against Great Despite David Porcher's goal, Brazil
:12:13. > :12:19.won 2-1. In the visually impaired
:12:20. > :12:32.long jump, Ricardo The result was Brazil's first goal
:12:33. > :12:33.of the game after a difficult build-up. Already plenty to
:12:34. > :12:44.celebrate. There will be plenty more to
:12:45. > :12:49.celebrate but, as we had there, the president of Brazil was booed during
:12:50. > :12:51.the opening ceremony. That is not the only political gesture in the
:12:52. > :12:58.opening ceremony with an episode where an official from Belarus
:12:59. > :13:02.waived the Russian flag during the parade of the delegation as the
:13:03. > :13:07.athletes from Belarus paraded inside the stadium. He has now had his
:13:08. > :13:11.accreditation withdrawn by the International Paralympic committee
:13:12. > :13:15.in reprimand to that gesture. It was a gesture in support of Russia that
:13:16. > :13:21.has been banned from the Taliban games because of the investigation
:13:22. > :13:26.into a state sponsored doping scheme in the country. -- the Olympic
:13:27. > :13:30.Games. He has been held as a hero from some officials in Russia but
:13:31. > :13:36.Belarus have been reminded that political demonstrations have been
:13:37. > :13:42.prohibited at the Olympics. Thank you.
:13:43. > :13:46.I was watching the opening ceremony last night and it was amazing.
:13:47. > :13:50.Let's take a quick look at the medal table.
:13:51. > :13:56.Brazil are riding high on the top of the table with one goal in the men's
:13:57. > :13:58.long jump and a silver in the men's 500 metres.
:13:59. > :14:00.And you can get the latest from Paralympics games
:14:01. > :14:04.For detailed analysis and a sport by sport guide just
:14:05. > :14:12.It is all there for you over the next few days.
:14:13. > :14:16.A new study by the World Bank shows that air pollution is now one
:14:17. > :14:18.of the world's biggest causes of premature death.
:14:19. > :14:21.the fourth biggest killer, and the vast majority of us
:14:22. > :14:31.the report says one in ten deaths are now related to air pollution.
:14:32. > :14:33.That's six times the number of people killed by malaria.
:14:34. > :14:36.It's four times bigger than the number of deaths
:14:37. > :14:43.the World Bank says it is 225 billion dollars each year.
:14:44. > :14:51.where air pollution levels exceed guidelines for air quality.
:14:52. > :14:54.The BBC's, Sanjoy Majumdar is in Delhi, where they've got
:14:55. > :15:10.Revolution is one of the worst causes other premature death in
:15:11. > :15:15.India. Nearly half a million people die every year because of it. There
:15:16. > :15:19.are many reasons for causing the air pollution. Cars on the road, fossil
:15:20. > :15:24.fuels but in particular, it is matter that is deadly. These tiny,
:15:25. > :15:28.toxic particles of dust that are caused by fossil fuels or other
:15:29. > :15:32.forms of pollution. You cannot even from the naked eye but they can have
:15:33. > :15:36.deadly effect. It can lead to rest breakthrough problems or it can
:15:37. > :15:41.cause heart disease. It can even lead to lung cancer. Now, it's not a
:15:42. > :15:46.pricing that urban centres, such as cities, are the worst affected. --
:15:47. > :15:52.surprising. The World Bank say six of the most polluted cities in the
:15:53. > :15:56.world. Delhi, the capital has a dubious distinction of being the
:15:57. > :15:59.worst of them all. That is why there is increasing pressure on the Dudek
:16:00. > :16:09.and drastic measures to try and curb this massive problem. -- Judaic --
:16:10. > :16:10.to take drastic measures. We can now speak to one of the lead
:16:11. > :16:13.authors of that report - Urvashi Narain is Senior
:16:14. > :16:20.Environmental Economist Where you shocked by the levels
:16:21. > :16:22.here? It is extraordinary to say one in ten of other is that the
:16:23. > :16:26.jewellery. How did you get that number? Yes, thank you for having
:16:27. > :16:32.me. This is a joint report of the World Bank and the Institute for
:16:33. > :16:38.health and evaluation. Our report shows that one in ten deaths is now
:16:39. > :16:42.attribute it to air pollution. It is the fourth leading risk factor.
:16:43. > :16:49.Almost as many people are dying from air pollution as from tobacco smoke.
:16:50. > :16:56.It shows that it is also a drag on development. Not just a health risk.
:16:57. > :17:00.Sorry sorry to interrupt, what exact conditions are caused by air
:17:01. > :17:06.pollution? Is it clear that they are only caused by pollution and not
:17:07. > :17:12.other factors? Now, so, revolution increases our exposure -- our
:17:13. > :17:15.exposure to air pollution increase the risk of contracting deadly
:17:16. > :17:26.diseases, like lung cancer, heart disease, chronic bronchitis. It is
:17:27. > :17:31.also being now... There is evidence to show that air pollution exposure
:17:32. > :17:37.is leading to premature births in developing countries as well. There
:17:38. > :17:41.is a number of diseases now that are linked to exposure. Obviously, the
:17:42. > :17:46.ads is this are complex. Realistically, do you think this
:17:47. > :17:49.report will have an impact and what would you like from governors around
:17:50. > :17:58.the world in both developing and developed nations? You'll agree --
:17:59. > :18:04.reboot economic course on premature mortality because of an allusion to
:18:05. > :18:08.be able to help resonate these numbers with policymakers. We want
:18:09. > :18:14.to see policymakers increased investment in clean air. We want to
:18:15. > :18:20.improve the air in those countries and cities. Countries are starting
:18:21. > :18:30.to act but they want to tell the investment in favour of clean air.
:18:31. > :18:34.Hill we want to see this being prioritised. What about people
:18:35. > :18:38.watching? Is anything we can do? For example, lots of us live in cities
:18:39. > :18:43.of food are gently mocking to schools because of the health
:18:44. > :18:50.benefits of being outside -- should our children be walking? It is very
:18:51. > :18:56.hard to escape from. We call it a silent killer because we don't know.
:18:57. > :19:02.It is not a solution to spend time indoors. This is really an agenda
:19:03. > :19:10.that the Government's actions are important on. It comes in very
:19:11. > :19:16.different sectors. In Boston in the transport sector. Even dust. --
:19:17. > :19:21.combustion. And you're going to say that the cost of not acting is
:19:22. > :19:24.greater because of the health care costs than if governments actually
:19:25. > :19:29.do something and be pressure on private companies, and so on.
:19:30. > :19:36.Exactly. There are various studies to show the costs and benefits in
:19:37. > :19:40.the US. Consider the estimates of the regulations are brought under
:19:41. > :19:49.the clean their facts are that the costs by four - one. Thank you very
:19:50. > :19:57.much joining us in Washington. Thank you. Thank you.
:19:58. > :20:00.It's an iconic building with some pretty heavyweight residents -
:20:01. > :20:02.the British Houses of Parliament though is crumbling
:20:03. > :20:08.It's more than 150 years old and is at risk from fire,
:20:09. > :20:10.collapsing roofs, crumbling walls, and leaking pipes.
:20:11. > :20:13.Rodents are often seen in the canteen and I don't mean
:20:14. > :20:17.But will the politicians agree to move out whilst
:20:18. > :20:25.Beautiful from the outside but not so inside.
:20:26. > :20:28.Parts of the palace of Westminster are dangerous to work
:20:29. > :20:36.The roofs are leaking, stonework is rotting, in effect.
:20:37. > :20:40.We need to do a great deal more in terms of fire
:20:41. > :20:44.The Victorians left us lots of drawings of statues
:20:45. > :20:47.and all the rest, but good plans so we know where the voids
:20:48. > :20:54.But all the facilities - electricity, IT, comms, sewage,
:20:55. > :21:01.fresh water, high pressure steam, central heating...
:21:02. > :21:04.All of that have been laid one over the other.
:21:05. > :21:08.I don't think I'm giving away any secrets.
:21:09. > :21:10.Lots of wires, nobody's sure where they go.
:21:11. > :21:12.To allow for extensive renovations, a parliamentary committee
:21:13. > :21:15.is recommending all MPs and peers should vacate parliament
:21:16. > :21:22.for at least six years in the early 2020s.
:21:23. > :21:25.650 MPs would all pack their bags from the House of Commons
:21:26. > :21:27.and move 350 yards across the road to Whitehall.
:21:28. > :21:33.A temporary Commons would be based here.
:21:34. > :21:36.At the moment this is the HQ for the Department of Health.
:21:37. > :21:41.At the back of this building is a courtyard which could be used
:21:42. > :21:44.as a temporary chamber, for debates, statements and Prime Minister's
:21:45. > :21:49.It's on the parliamentary estate, which makes it safer,
:21:50. > :21:52.and it's also within walking distance of many MP offices.
:21:53. > :21:56.At the same time, all members of the House of Lords
:21:57. > :21:58.would also be rehoused, down the road to the QE2
:21:59. > :22:04.Right now, this is a commercial venue, with an abundance of large
:22:05. > :22:07.rooms, but as it's owned by the Government, it wouldn't be
:22:08. > :22:09.difficult to turn it into a second chamber,
:22:10. > :22:16.to scrutinise laws and challenge the executive.
:22:17. > :22:20.The PM spokeswoman says she'll respond in due course.
:22:21. > :22:22.It's then up to both Houses to scrutinise and vote
:22:23. > :22:30.It's not just convenience, it's important this world heritage
:22:31. > :22:35.site is refurbished for modern working purposes.
:22:36. > :22:37.After years of study, a concrete proposal that could lead
:22:38. > :22:39.to MPs and Lords vacating parliament for the first time
:22:40. > :23:00.Now, a high altitude rescue is underway in Frankfurt the moment
:23:01. > :23:13.where 110 people are capped at a cable car in the Alps broke down. --
:23:14. > :23:17.in France's. Helicopters are being used to evacuate passengers who are
:23:18. > :23:28.capped. The cable runs between the two peaks in France and Italy. A lot
:23:29. > :23:31.of cable cars up there. We were there early in the year and people
:23:32. > :23:35.will be alarmed because of the safety of those cable cars being
:23:36. > :23:38.absent be paramount for the real hope that rescue goes well.
:23:39. > :23:40.Now - to most people a giraffe is a giraffe -
:23:41. > :23:43.but scientists have discovered that in fact there are four
:23:44. > :23:47.In genetic terms, it means the differences between some
:23:48. > :23:49.African giraffes are as big as between a Polar
:23:50. > :24:02.They're Africa's gentlest giants but these animals
:24:03. > :24:06.are in decline as their natural habitat is shrinking.
:24:07. > :24:08.That threat was the trigger for an investigation.
:24:09. > :24:10.Geneticists and conservationists worked together to sample giraffe
:24:11. > :24:13.DNA to find out more about these increasingly fragmented populations.
:24:14. > :24:15.And this revealed a genetic surprise.
:24:16. > :24:17.What these new results show is that there are actually four
:24:18. > :24:25.All very tall and they look very similar.
:24:26. > :24:29.But they are actually as genetically distinct from one another as a polar
:24:30. > :24:35.here and the zoo just one of the four species.
:24:36. > :24:40.The others are northern giraffes, southern giraffes
:24:41. > :24:49.This might look like a very tricky game of spot the difference
:24:50. > :24:51.but to conservationists, it's crucial information.
:24:52. > :24:57.Understanding that they look different is just the start,
:24:58. > :24:59.now understanding the real genetic differences helps us perhaps
:25:00. > :25:01.to understand that there may be big differences in mating
:25:02. > :25:06.Those, of course, are critical to conserving a species
:25:07. > :25:08.and important understanding how threats might impact upon it
:25:09. > :25:11.and how we can reduce them and save species from extinction.
:25:12. > :25:15.The wild population of giraffes has declined by 40%
:25:16. > :25:21.So, looking deep into their DNA could help conservationists work out
:25:22. > :25:23.exactly what these animals need from their environment,
:25:24. > :25:25.to protect the habitat that the world's tallest
:25:26. > :25:48.consolidating his hold on the areas around the Syrian capital.
:25:49. > :25:50.A suburb of Damascus which was a rebel stonghold
:25:51. > :25:54.is currently being evacuated by Syrian government troops.
:25:55. > :26:00.I am back to mark at the same time. Get in touch with me on Twitter as
:26:01. > :26:11.Hello once again. I do think there is anything particularly settled
:26:12. > :26:15.happily ever to have beset across the full British Isles. It is not a
:26:16. > :26:17.right off by any means whatsoever but you can see a succession of
:26:18. > :26:19.weather systems across