13/04/2016 BBC News at Ten


13/04/2016

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Tonight at Ten, Europe's migration crisis is growing again.

:00:00.:00:08.

Thousands have crossed from North Africa to Italy in recent

:00:09.:00:14.

days, determined to build a new life in Europe.

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It is better than the country that I come from.

:00:18.:00:22.

Because in that country, there is no good life.

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They've come ashore on the Italian island of Lampedusa,

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where one doctor told us there was no sign of

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TRANSLATION: They understand they may die.

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No walls or fences will stop them from coming.

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These people have a desperate need to reach a place

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We'll be reporting from Lampedusa and we'll be asking if the EU

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Downing Street says there's no reason for the Culture Secretary

:00:49.:00:56.

to step aside from decisions on press regulation

:00:57.:00:59.

after revelations about his private life.

:01:00.:01:02.

Two years after hundreds of Nigerian schoolgirls

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were kidnapped by Islamist militants, we report

:01:06.:01:07.

on thousands of other women and girls also missing.

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How this man's paralysis has been overcome

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with computer technology - and the power of thought.

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And we meet the Lithuanian musician who's the first

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woman to take charge of one of Britain's most

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And coming up in Sportsday on BBC News:

:01:27.:01:32.

West Ham and Manchester United were fighting it out for an FA

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But was Marcus Rashford's goal enough to put the away side through?

:01:36.:02:00.

Europe's migration crisis is growing again, as the weather improves

:02:01.:02:04.

and more people are prepared to cross the Mediterranean.

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Some 4,000 people were rescued at sea and taken to Italian ports

:02:09.:02:11.

The European Council president Donald Tusk said the growing number

:02:12.:02:18.

of people intending to make the crossing was alarming.

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Almost 19,000 migrants had reached Italy by sea by the end of March -

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nearly double the number for the same period last year.

:02:26.:02:28.

They're making the crossing from North Africa and most

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The EU has already tried to limit the flow of people using the other

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main route to Europe from Turkey to Greece.

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Our special correspondent Richard Bilton reports from

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The wave of migrants, risking everything in the seas

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This is one of 25 rescues in the last two days.

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4000 people died in these waters last year.

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But the calm weather has brought men, women and children back

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And boats filled with the rescued keep arriving on the tiny Italian

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This place is used to processing those who have gambled their lives

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for a chance of a new start in Europe.

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They have been out at sea for two days, they've got no shoes on,

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This is the reality of the Mediterranean route.

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The risk was enormous, but this is the reward,

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And that chance is attracting huge numbers, nearly double the total

:04:03.:04:10.

Dr Pietro Bartolo is called out for every boat.

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TRANSLATION: They understand they may die.

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No walls, no fences will stop them from coming.

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These people have a desperate need to reach a place where they can

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The migrants are almost all from sub Saharan Africa, and most are young

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men, like Hassan from Somalia, who says he was

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It's better than the country that I come from.

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In that country there is no good life, there is a war.

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Here, there is peace, there is a democracy.

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I am seeing that Europeans are helping us directly.

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But many are from more settled countries.

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This man told us he was the Ivory Coast.

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There is no war there, so you are economic migrants.

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My life was very dangerous, he says, so I decided to cross

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Now, there is a EU operation targeting people smugglers.

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But there has been criticism that the flotilla of EU vessels

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might help the smugglers by speeding up the rescue process.

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Only 26 people have died so far this year, but some have concerns

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that this dangerous route might be about to get busier.

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We don't know, but we expect that probably the people that

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were crossing the Balkan route, they may change the path

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and try to access through Europe, through Lampedusa, through Italy.

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There have been many debates, resolutions and operations

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since hundreds of people died in the seas here last year.

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But for many on the island, right now, dealing with rescue

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after rescue, it feels like very little has changed.

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Our Europe correspondent Damian Grammaticas is in Brussels.

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Damian, we have already had the one big initiative by the EU to close

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off or at least limit one major route, what else can we expect?

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Well, today we heard from the President of the European Council,

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Donald Tusk, the man who last year chaired all of the meetings, after

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meeting, of the European leaders, trying to find a solution to the

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migrant crisis. He told the European Parliament today that the experience

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of last year was that Europe acted much too late Cummings said. He saw

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the 1 million people coming through Greece, border closures, we saw

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political strains between European countries. He said to avoid a repeat

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of that now with Italy, Europe had to be prepared. What code Europe do?

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There are the naval flotillas in the Mediterranean. They cannot operate

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in Libyan waters or on Libyan soil. Stopping the boat is almost

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impossible. They cannot do a deal like they have done with Turkey to

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send people back, because Libya is just too dangerous. He said that

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Italy, Malta and the rest of Europe acted to be prepared for the

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arrivals. The application is that it means more screening, more

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deportations of people deemed economic migrants back to their

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homes. If we look at the situation and what is happening in Greece,

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where the process is under way, it is instructive. He said today that

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was not easy or smooth, and all would depend on the implementation

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there. At the minute, they are still screening those that are claiming

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refugee status. When they start deporting them, how will desperate

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people react? That is the question there, and it will be instructive

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for how the EU operates in Italy. Downing Street has rejected calls

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for the Culture Secretary John Whittingdale to step back

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from decisions linked to press regulation, after Mr Whittingdale

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confirmed that he'd had Four newspapers knew

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about the relationship, Labour says the public needs to be

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reassured that Mr Whittingdale has not suffered undue influence when it

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came to his decisions Our political editor

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Laura Kuenssberg has more details. He is in charge of

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the rules of the press. Can you really successfully

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regulate the press after And the Culture Secretary, John

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Whittingdale, knew all about it. Before he was in the Cabinet,

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he met a woman on a dating site in 2013 and then had a six-month

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relationship with her. He says he simply did

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not know she was a sex Labour believes he should give

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up some of his powers There's a perceived undue influence

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possible upon him, in his role in the Cabinet,

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as the person who looks He really ought to excuse himself

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from making these decisions, I still think that is a sensible

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thing for him and the Government to do

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because if they don't, then the concern is that the press

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has something over him. It is awkward for Number

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Ten that the Prime Minister did not know anything

:09:59.:10:00.

about this until last week but embarrassing, rather

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than career-ending, for a politician in the 21st century

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to be caught in this Could the Culture Secretary be

:10:05.:10:06.

neutral in his dealings with the press when he knew some

:10:07.:10:11.

newspapers had details of his Yet the rules for Government

:10:12.:10:14.

ministers say they must not just avoid conflicts of interest,

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but they must steer well clear of And politicians and

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the press have been battling in the aftermath

:10:26.:10:31.

of the hacking scandal. The Leveson Inquiry heard

:10:32.:10:36.

from its victims, Madeleine McCann's parents, Milly Dowler's

:10:37.:10:38.

family. Those familiar faces were promised

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sweeping changes but some campaigners accuse the government

:10:42.:10:48.

of having gone soft. There are suspicions,

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firmly denied, that newspapers could have

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used their knowledge of Mr Whittingdale's relationship

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to persuade him to go slow. The second part of the

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Leveson Inquiry into press Criminal cases are

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still going on, though. There still isn't an official press

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regulator, although the papers have A new law on libel costs

:11:11.:11:13.

is not yet being enforced. have not been carried out

:11:14.:11:17.

to the letter, not all of them. However, they have gone a long way

:11:18.:11:22.

to meeting They have set up a new regulator,

:11:23.:11:24.

much more independent. But also, it has changed

:11:25.:11:30.

the climate and culture of Number Ten says John

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Whittingdale is a single man For now, the Prime

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Minister is content This has been pretty excruciating

:11:37.:11:51.

for John Whittingdale himself, it has been tricky for the Government

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and Labour has expressed its displeasure. But the opposition is

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not going hell for leather, trying to shove John Whittingdale out of

:12:00.:12:02.

his job, or anything like that. If you compare it with the political

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problems the Government has had to deal with in recent weeks, right now

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it feels like a mole hill, rather than a mountain. What do you make of

:12:11.:12:14.

the claims from quite a few sources that his ability to make decisions

:12:15.:12:19.

on such a sensitive area as press radiation has been compromise? He is

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adamant that is not the case. If anything, it is a reminder of the

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fraught relationship between press and politicians, they sometimes

:12:31.:12:33.

uneasy co-dependency. It is a reminder that there is still some

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unfinished business after the Leveson Enquiry. But whether or not

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the suggestions hang around depends largely on how long John

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Whittingdale himself hangs around. Don't forget, after the European

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referendum at the end of June, there is expected, and it is very likely,

:12:49.:12:53.

there will be quite a big reshuffle. It is not certain that John

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Whittingdale will be in charge of this brief after that, and perhaps

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after today it is more likely that somebody else might be in charge.

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Tomorrow marks the second anniversary of the kidnapping

:13:06.:13:07.

of hundreds of Nigerian schoolgirls by the Islamist

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Despite a worldwide campaign, and protests by the parents of

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At least 300 students were abducted from a school in Damasak last year

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and thousands of women have been enslaved by the group.

:13:27.:13:30.

Boko Haram is blamed for the deaths of more than 5,000 people

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Our correspondent Alastair Leithead has travelled to the town of Yola,

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to talk to one girl who managed to flee her captors.

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There are some distressing images in this report.

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You don't know her, she was not one of the Chibok

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But she is one of the thousands of other girls taken by

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Now home, her story is the story of how they are tearing

:13:59.:14:04.

She explained how she was kidnapped by Boko Haram and

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taken to the notorious Sambisa forest.

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TRANSLATION: They gave us a choice, to be married or to be a slave.

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TRANSLATION: We lived together, I became pregnant from my husband

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and gave birth to a boy called Usman.

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She was rescued before her son was born and kept in touch with her

:14:38.:14:40.

husband by phone before the army took it from her.

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It was the last time she spoke to him.

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Her family is half Muslim, half Christian.

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They had a vote to decide whether she should have an

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By a narrow majority, she was allowed to keep the baby.

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People labelled her a Boko Haram wife,

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He fell sick and nobody took care of him.

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Four nights ago, Usman, who was nine months old,

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Half the family celebrated what they called God's will.

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TRANSLATION: Some were happy that he died.

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They were happy the blood of Boko Haram had gone.

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She is sad, she is angry, she is confused.

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She talks of going to school and becoming a doctor.

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She talks of going back to the forest.

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She talks of becoming a suicide bomber.

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Not far from Zara's home are many other women with similar

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and terrible stories of life under Boko Haram.

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Stories of beatings, forced marriages, suffering and now stigma.

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TRANSLATION: When you're living under them, they beat you.

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If there is a child on your back, they even beat the child.

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It's another town where Boko Haram came and killed and at least 300

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children from the school. One of these men has lost his wife,

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the other his seven-year-old boy "Chibok is all they are

:16:48.:16:50.

talking about", he says. "Nobody has ever talked

:16:51.:17:02.

about how our children, The crisis here in north-eastern

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Nigeria is about far more Thousands of people have been

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kidnapped or forced to live under or the sexual abuse that

:17:11.:17:15.

many of them suffer. It is when they come back

:17:16.:17:21.

to their communities So many girls like Zara have been

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abducted and so many others are still being held. There's torment

:17:36.:17:38.

for those who wait and there is pain for those who survive.

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Alastair Leithead, BBC News, Nigeria.

:17:42.:17:42.

A brief look at some of the day's other news stories:

:17:43.:17:45.

European migrants are coming to the UK because of higher wages

:17:46.:17:48.

and a lack of a jobs in the Eurozone.

:17:49.:17:51.

A new report from Oxford University shows that over past five years,

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the number of EU nationals living in the UK has risen by almost

:17:55.:17:59.

700,000, with a quarter of them coming from Spain,

:18:00.:18:01.

The UK's biggest supermarket, Tesco has reported pre-tax profits

:18:02.:18:10.

of ?162 million for the year to February, compared with losses

:18:11.:18:13.

But the chief executive warned that the supermarket

:18:14.:18:18.

was facing very, very challenging market conditions.

:18:19.:18:23.

A decision by a parish council to charge for a weekly fun run has

:18:24.:18:26.

been criticised by ministers and by Olympic athletes.

:18:27.:18:29.

More than 300 people take part in the ParkRun in Stoke Gifford

:18:30.:18:33.

in South Gloucestershire every Saturday.

:18:34.:18:39.

This weekend's rate has been cancelled because of the level of

:18:40.:18:43.

interest on social media and fears for safety. -- race.

:18:44.:18:47.

The Duke and Duchess of Cambridge have been on safari

:18:48.:18:49.

in India, as their tour of South Asia continues.

:18:50.:18:51.

The royal couple visited Kaziranga National Park,

:18:52.:18:53.

They're hoping to draw attention to the plight of endangered animals.

:18:54.:18:59.

Vote Leave and Britain Stronger in Europe have been designated

:19:00.:19:02.

as the official Leave and Remain campaigns in the EU referendum.

:19:03.:19:09.

Vote Leave is supported by the Conservative Party's

:19:10.:19:12.

Our political correspondent Ben Wright is at Westminster.

:19:13.:19:21.

On that Leave side, plenty of controversy today. There certainly

:19:22.:19:28.

has been. This is a significant decision because it means the two

:19:29.:19:32.

official campaigns will get to spend ?600,000 of taxpayers money making

:19:33.:19:36.

their case. They will get a mailshot to all voters and they will have a

:19:37.:19:40.

bigger platform, radio and TV advertising and they will both be

:19:41.:19:43.

subject to its pending limit of ?7 million which kicks in on Friday.

:19:44.:19:46.

But as you said, the electoral commission had to decide between two

:19:47.:19:53.

groups that were vying for the official designation at the Leave

:19:54.:19:55.

campaign and there's been a fractious tussle between them, an

:19:56.:19:58.

argument over tactics and tone. The electoral commission decided that

:19:59.:20:01.

Vote Leave, which as Boris Johnson, five Cabinet ministers and is

:20:02.:20:04.

chaired by a Labour MP, best represented those people who want

:20:05.:20:08.

Britain to leave the EU but one of the groups in the defeated Go

:20:09.:20:12.

movement is unhappy about this and considering a judicial review and

:20:13.:20:16.

will decide by new tomorrow -- noon tomorrow whether to launch a legal

:20:17.:20:20.

challenge. Ukip leader Nigel Farage come a bag of the Go movement,

:20:21.:20:24.

sounded magnanimous, saying the whole leave campaign needs to come

:20:25.:20:28.

together and get behind the campaign ahead of the referendum which is 71

:20:29.:20:32.

days away. Ben Wright at Westminster, there.

:20:33.:20:35.

One of the main claims made by members of the Leave campaign,

:20:36.:20:40.

including Boris Johnson, is that Britain could negotiate

:20:41.:20:42.

its own trade agreement with the EU if there was a vote to Leave.

:20:43.:20:45.

The example frequently mentioned is the deal struck by the Canadians,

:20:46.:20:48.

so our chief correspondent Gavin Hewitt has been to Canada

:20:49.:20:51.

The fast flowing Saint Lawrence Seaway, one of Canada's trading

:20:52.:20:55.

Some have cited Canada as a model for how the UK could continue to do

:20:56.:21:03.

business with the EU if it left the European Union.

:21:04.:21:09.

At the port of Montreal, a container ship turns, destination

:21:10.:21:12.

Canada has just negotiated a trade deal with Europe.

:21:13.:21:18.

For the EU, this is the largest trade agreement with

:21:19.:21:20.

Both Canada and the EU make big claims for it.

:21:21.:21:26.

In our case, we are looking at around roughly a 4% increase

:21:27.:21:29.

The deal is expected to remove 98% of tariffs from everything,

:21:30.:21:37.

But move to the capital, Ottawa, for a sense of how difficult

:21:38.:21:43.

The deal has been seven years in the making and it has

:21:44.:21:48.

For the Canadian government, it will eventually be worth

:21:49.:21:52.

But it is not the same as full access to the

:21:53.:21:57.

It is a really high quality, gold-plated trade deal.

:21:58.:22:07.

When I look at what Canada will have in terms of its ability to trade

:22:08.:22:11.

with Europe, compared to being a member of the EU,

:22:12.:22:14.

the really big difference is regulatory harmonisation.

:22:15.:22:19.

What it means for Canadian businesses is they have to,

:22:20.:22:22.

quite rightly, meet European regulatory standards

:22:23.:22:24.

without having a say in how those standards are written.

:22:25.:22:27.

No one pretends that this trade deal will give Canada the same kind

:22:28.:22:31.

of access to the European single market as an EU member state has.

:22:32.:22:35.

Even so, this deal is hugely important to Canada.

:22:36.:22:38.

But after over seven years of negotiations,

:22:39.:22:41.

and a document running to 1400 pages, there are still issues

:22:42.:22:47.

about regulation that will have to be tackled in the future.

:22:48.:22:52.

Yes, more vehicles will be traded, and gradually trade

:22:53.:22:56.

But significant issues remain over regulations and technical standards.

:22:57.:23:04.

When you consider all market access, we are talking about not just

:23:05.:23:07.

automobiles but all sectors of our respective economies,

:23:08.:23:13.

and that is a long, complicated process.

:23:14.:23:16.

Take farming, like this small farm in Paris,

:23:17.:23:21.

Yes, around 60,000 tonnes of beef will now be able to be exported

:23:22.:23:26.

But much has yet to be agreed, including meat inspection rules.

:23:27.:23:35.

When all is eventually signed, Canada won't have to contribute

:23:36.:23:39.

to the EU budget or to freedom of movement and will be able to do

:23:40.:23:43.

Yes, Canada now has a big deal with Europe, with many barriers

:23:44.:23:50.

lifted but in some key areas, including financial services,

:23:51.:23:54.

A paralysed man has been able to perform complex

:23:55.:24:05.

movements with his hand, such as playing a video game

:24:06.:24:08.

or swiping a credit card, by using the power of thought.

:24:09.:24:10.

His thoughts are interpreted by a computer, which sends impulses

:24:11.:24:13.

Our medical correspondent Fergus Walsh has the story.

:24:14.:24:20.

Ian Burkhart is playing a guitar video game using

:24:21.:24:23.

His paralysed fingers can move as a result of commands

:24:24.:24:30.

from his brain fed into a computer, which then stimulates his muscles

:24:31.:24:34.

Ian was paralysed below the elbows in a diving accident six years ago,

:24:35.:24:43.

but is slowly relearning to use his fingers.

:24:44.:24:48.

Now it's just something that's so fluid, kind

:24:49.:24:51.

of like it was before I had my injury, where I just think

:24:52.:24:55.

about what I want to do and then I can do it.

:24:56.:24:59.

The key to this technology is a tiny computer chip which surgeons

:25:00.:25:03.

implanted on the area of the brain, the motor cortex,

:25:04.:25:05.

When he thinks about moving his fingers and hand, those

:25:06.:25:11.

messages can't travel down his injured spinal cord,

:25:12.:25:13.

The computer interprets the signals and then send impulses

:25:14.:25:20.

Ian's movements are still slow and deliberate, but his dexterity

:25:21.:25:26.

He can demonstrate practical tasks, like swiping a bank card.

:25:27.:25:36.

Engineers hope he will eventually be able to use a keyboard.

:25:37.:25:40.

The biggest dream would be to get full function in my hand back.

:25:41.:25:44.

You know, because that allows you to be a lot more independent

:25:45.:25:49.

and not have to rely on people for simple day-to-day tasks that

:25:50.:25:52.

Several more patients are lined up to receive the device in Ohio.

:25:53.:25:59.

This really provides hope, we believe, for many patients

:26:00.:26:04.

in the future, as this technology evolves and matures,

:26:05.:26:08.

to help people who have disabilities from spinal-cord injury or traumatic

:26:09.:26:11.

brain injury or stroke, to allow them to be more functional

:26:12.:26:14.

Four years ago, a paralysed woman controlled a robotic

:26:15.:26:24.

A different approach is spinal repair.

:26:25.:26:30.

This paralysed patient in Poland had a cell transplant and

:26:31.:26:33.

This latest research in the journal, Nature,

:26:34.:26:42.

But the team in Ohio hope the technology will eventually be

:26:43.:26:47.

wireless and allow patients greater independence.

:26:48.:26:49.

The playwright Sir Arnold Wesker, who came to prominence in the late

:26:50.:26:55.

1950s with his gritty, working class dramas,

:26:56.:26:58.

He'd been suffering from Parkinson's disease.

:26:59.:27:03.

He was a leading figure in a generation of writers,

:27:04.:27:05.

including John Osborne and Kingsley Amis, who became known

:27:06.:27:08.

He produced dozens of works, including Chicken Soup with Barley

:27:09.:27:13.

and Chips with Everything, as well as poems and short stories.

:27:14.:27:17.

Speaking on the BBC's Desert Island Discs in 2006,

:27:18.:27:21.

he explained how he wanted to be viewed.

:27:22.:27:25.

I've always worried about people who wear cloth caps to show

:27:26.:27:28.

Where they come from doesn't really matter.

:27:29.:27:34.

You are not a good writer because you come from

:27:35.:27:37.

a working-class background, and you're not a good writer

:27:38.:27:40.

You're a good writer because you are a good writer,

:27:41.:27:44.

and it is the work that matters, not the labels.

:27:45.:27:52.

The playwright Sir Arnold Wesker, who's died at the age of 83.

:27:53.:27:55.

The first woman to be appointed musical director of one of Britain's

:27:56.:27:58.

most prestigious orchestras, City of Birmingham Symphony

:27:59.:28:01.

Orchestra, is the Lithuanian conductor Mirga Grazinyte-Tyla,

:28:02.:28:05.

who's 30, and widely recognised as one of the rising

:28:06.:28:08.

She's also set to feature in this year's BBC Proms, the world's

:28:09.:28:14.

Our arts editor Will Gompertz has been to meet her.

:28:15.:28:22.

This is Mirga Grazinyte-Tyla, considered by many to be one

:28:23.:28:26.

of the most exciting young conductors in the world.

:28:27.:28:31.

She has made a name for herself working with the Los

:28:32.:28:34.

But she is moving on, to take up the prestigious post

:28:35.:28:38.

of Music Director at the City of Birmingham Symphony Orchestra.

:28:39.:28:41.

She is experiencing a warm welcome there.

:28:42.:28:43.

It's always like that in Birmingham!

:28:44.:28:50.

What do you think you can bring to this orchestra?

:28:51.:29:01.

I might bring some new ideas, some new inspirations.

:29:02.:29:06.

Do you think within the classical music world, which has historically

:29:07.:29:22.

been very male dominated, particularly when it

:29:23.:29:24.

comes to conductors, there is a shift?

:29:25.:29:27.

Many people do have a question, can a woman conduct?

:29:28.:29:47.

Is part of that conservative approach, is it more embedded

:29:48.:29:59.

Or is it more embedded in the audiences?

:30:00.:30:03.

It has very much to do with role models.

:30:04.:30:10.

If a little girl plays with her Barbie, it is much harder

:30:11.:30:15.

to imagine the things she does not see.

:30:16.:30:19.

Will that be part of your agenda here, to try to shift

:30:20.:30:22.

perceptions about female musicians and conductors?

:30:23.:30:25.

I'm well aware that it is a very important point for our society.

:30:26.:30:32.

And I suspect audiences who come to see Mirga Grazinyte-Tyla

:30:33.:30:40.

Tonight, the former Deputy Prime Minister,

:30:41.:30:53.

Nick Clegg, on drugs, live in our studio.

:30:54.:30:56.

He won't be consuming them but telling us why he thinks

:30:57.:30:59.

it is time for a new approach to controlling them.

:31:00.:31:01.

Join me now on BBC Two, 11pm in Scotland.

:31:02.:31:07.

Here on BBC One, it's time for the news where you are.

:31:08.:31:09.

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