08/03/2016 Outside Source

Hello, I'm Ros Atkins, this is Outside Source.

Turkey and the EU say they have a plan to stop migration

But already there is criticism and it's stinging.

The UN says it may break international law.

We'll be live in Brussels and Turkey shortly.

We'll have the latest on Maria Sharapova.

Sponsors have been reacting to her failed drugs test.

A number of stabbing attacks in Israel during the visit of the US

vice-president. This is Detroit Michigan, one of the

states voting in the latest Republican and democratic primaries.

We will hear specifically why Donald Trump is picking up support in this

city. For International Women's Day, we

have a report from women in Saudi Arabia, who have been sharing their

day-to-day lives with us. We have a plan from the EU -

Turkey to respond to Here it is, on the European

Council's website. One of main points is that for every

Syrian migrant that arrives in Greece from Turkey

and is returned back there, a Syrian currently in Turkey will be

resettled in the EU. Before we get ahead of ourselves,

already the UN has objected. "An agreement that

would be tantamount to a blanket return of any foreigners to a third

country and is not consistent "EU and Turkish leaders

have sunk to a new low, effectively horse trading away

the rights and dignity of some of the world's most

vulnerable people." Needless to say, the EU

doesn't see it that way. The flow of migrants passing from

toweringy to Greece -- from Turkey to Greece, remains too high and

needs to be brought down significantly. The Prime Minister

confirmed Turkey's commitment to accept the rapid return of all

migrants coming from Turkey to Greece that are not in need of

international protection. When you first heard the details of this, if

you're like me, you're thinking how will the system work.

Our correspondent, Damian Grammaticas joins me now.

I think what it does, what it attempts to do, this idea, is to

address the very central problem that the EU finds, which is this

large number of people, taking to boats, landing in Greece from Turkey

and then making their way over land. What we've seen already are those

border closures and that has put pressure on the situation and it's

focussed minds, because we now see this situation in Greece with the

refugees and migrants who are building up there. So what this

addresses is first of all, the need that Europe feels, European nations

feel, to protect their external borders. So this deal involves this

plan to return anyone coming across the water back to Turkey. And the

second thing is crucial, that cooperation with Turkey. Because

Turkey itself is housing two million-plus Syrian refugees and the

reason people are getting up and moving is that the conditions there

are not acceptable for them. After years and years of living there.

This tries to address two things, protecting Europe's borders but

dealing with the refugee pressures in Turkey and therefore, giving

Turkey the quid pro quo of shifting people who are deemed worthy of

refugee status into the EU. Those people who would be moved into the

EU, where will they go? Last time I looked, the EU didn't seem able to

agree on who should take how many people. This is just one of the very

many questions that hang over this whole plan. Because you're

absolutely right. The EU has talked about taking 20,000 Syrians from

Turkey, that plan hasn't got off the ground yet. The EU has talked about

moving 60,000 people out of Greece to other parts of the EU. That plan

has only resulted in a few hundred being moved. So the question would

be - where would these people go? The answer would really have to be

to a coalition of willing countries. Within that we might see Germany,

the Netherlands. But we certainly would not see Hungary and probably

eastern European states. Hungary made very clear if there was any

plan to make this scheme compulsory or this idea of shifting refugees

into the EU compulsory, it would seek to veto it or block it, if it

could. What that leaves is a result untrischeme. That's what we have --

voluntary scheme. That's not working already. This is interesting from

Mark Lowen saying he's been speaking to one man, Mohammed from Aleppo in

Syria, saying, regardless of what the EU is planning, he's going to

try over and over again to go to Greece. There are many questions

about the way this plan will be effectively implemented.

It's not just the UN and Amnesty International who don't

Have a listen to this clip - it's a German Socialist Party MP.

Ankara is, of course, great. There is no harsh criticism against Ankara

with view of the war against the Kurdish people population, no

mention of the assault against the newspaper there. If you are a decent

politician and believing in human rights, you have to, what is

happening in the Kurdish area. It is awful. Massive human rights

violations. Everybody knows that. We've heard from the EU side of

things. Let's look at Turkey and why it's so keen on this plan. I

enlisted the help of our correspondent from BBC Turkish.

Turkey thinks it has played its cards really well this time. It's

almost got what it asked for, all of them. Turkey wanted visa-free travel

for Turkish citizens who wanted to travel to EU countries and

scheduling of that is set to be as early as June, which was initially

thought to be, thought to start in November, for instance. Turkey also

wanted speeding up of the EU negotiation, EU accession

negotiations, which was for a very long time stalled. Actually, for a

decade, this was a breakthrough. Turkey is holding summits with the

European Union countries every now and then. Turkey is considered a

very important partner etc. So, that will especially be seen as a

breakthrough. Turkey actually, it's offering to allow in, to take back

one Syrian in return for sending a south-eastern from the refugee cam

-- Syrian from the refugee camps. I have spoken to several migration

experts in Turkey. They have said they really have serious concerns

about how easy it will be to implement this deal, because Turkey

already acome dates over -- acome dates over 2. 7 million refugees.

Hundreds of thousands of them are not registered. There's the side of

international law. The UNHCR actually is concerned about whether

this deal will violate international law and I have spoken to ex-Turkey

head of UNHCR here in Turkey and he said it could be in violation of

international law, because Turkey does not grant Syrians refugee

status at the moment. And what's going to happen to these people if

they're sent back to Turkey, how will they be resettled in Europe,

they ask. Lots of background on the migrant crisis in Europe available

from the BBC online. That's one story dominating our attentions

today. This is the second one. Nike, Porsche Tag Heuer have

responded to Maria Sharapova Nike says its suspending

its relationship with her. Tag Heuer - that it

won't seek a new deal. Another sponsor, Danone,

which owns the Evian mineral water brand, simply says it's

following the investigation closely. And it's these kind of deals that

have made Sharapova the highest earning female athlete

of the last ten years. On the court Maria Sharapova's

nemesis has been Serena Williams. She was asked about this story. To

be perfectly honest, I think in sport and in life, there's always a

double standard. Always. I think that's something that no-one is -

everyone knows, whether it's a race thing or a sex thing. There's always

been a double standard and difference. However, this is a

different thing. I think as Maria said, she's ready to take full

responsibility. I think that showed a lot of courage and a lot of heart.

I think she's always showed courage and heart in everything that she's

done. This is no different. We only have one side of the story

at the moment, it's interesting there's been no sortage of immediate

support for Maria Sharapova. Her coach from when she was much younger

saying, "I don't think that Maria Sharapova would continue doing

something, especially being in the limelight. If there was something

she knew about." And She says, "Hold your horses on this.

I don't have all the facts. That of course applies to all of us. One of

the key questions that is driving some of the scepticism that we've

seen in response to Sharapova's statement is how you cannot know

exactly what you're taking, given the size of the team that Maria

Sharapova would have working with her. This is one view on that issue.

Maria Sharapova, like all high-profile athletes that have an

entourage of advisors around her, she will be able to rely on doctors,

coaches, nutritionists to provide her with advice. So it's

inconceivable that somebody wasn't monitoring what substances WADA was

looking at, because it was announced, I think, about 12 months

ago, that WADA was investigating this particular substance. It's

similar in some ways to other blood-boosting drugs. What this drug

does is to speed the flow of blood around the body. And the speed at

which the blood goes into the muscle helps with endurance sports. So for

a sport like tennis, it would be a very useful drug. We can see

paralegals between it and the -- par alells between the sorts of drugs

that cyclists have taken in the past. We've learned four other

Russian sportsmen and women have failed tests for this same drug.

Olympic speed skating champion, Evgeny Elistratov, figure skater

Ekaterina Bobrova, volleyball player Alexandr Markin,

All failing a test. Why might an athlete take this drug? We heard

some of the explanations in that clip. The first could be medical.

It's known to be used to treat diabetes and heart-related diseases.

Much more so in certain countries like Russia, than others. Maria

Sharapova's lawyer says various medical issues caused her doctor to

suggest this medication. The other reason is that it can effect the

ability to increase oxygen movement to muscles and that can have a

positive effect on stamina and endurance. As you might imagine,

BBC's tennis correspondent Russell Fuller, in California, has been

talking about nothing else all day. I got hold of him earlier.

There isn't a huge amount of shock, as I think some of the statements

that you've read out do illustrate. The one thing that we need to wait

to see is exactly how long this process begins, how long this

process takes, rather. I would imagine that there would be an

independent hearing up and running, organised by the international

tennis federation for some time in April, after both sides have got

their legal arguments in position. They normally issue a verdict a

couple of weeks after that. The maximum ban could be four years. If

they decide it was unintentional, the starting point is two years. If

they find no significant fault attached to the athlete, the ban may

only be one year. Whatever happens there, it's almost certain that

Sharapova's legal team will take that verdict to the court of

arbitration for sport. In the last couple of years, they have a history

of not completely overturning verdicts within tennis, but

certainly reducing the length of the ban. That's happened to Cilic and

Troitsky. I know today is a big PR push by tennis generally to get the

world talking about the sport. Clearly, this story isn't

necessarily helping, along with the problems around alleged spot-fixing

a couple of months ago, these have been difficult times for tennis.

It's awful timing for the sport. The BBC Buzzfeed investigation into

allegations of match-fixing was released just an hour before the

Australian Open began. That completely overshadowed the first

week of the event. It's thrown up major issues for the sport, which

are now being investigated by an independent report. That panel will

take all of 2016 to come up with their findings. Now we have one of

the most high-profile sporting stars on the planet, who happens to be a

tennis player admitting that she has tested positive for a drug. When you

look at the women's game, you have Maria Sharapova and Serena Williams.

They are the two standout names. It is a huge blow. Positive that it's

out in the open, there was no suggestion that it was going to be

covered up, that the process, the legal action taken against Maria

Sharapova is under way. I have to say I'm uncomfortable with some of

the statements that various governing bodies have made since

Sharapova made her statement. The chief executive of the WTA Tour has

been talking about Sharapova's professionalism and how she's a

woman of great integrity. And tennis Australia, which is where Sharapova

returned that positive test at the Australian Open after her quarter

final with Serena Williams in January and pointing out that she's

a great role model. I'm not denying any of that, but we need to let the

legal proceedings happen and for justice to take its course. If

you've been on the BBC website today you'll have seen our extensive

coverage of international women's day. As part of that, I'll play this

report that's been collected by one colleague who's been speaking to

women in Saudi Arabia about the challenges in their lives.

Mark caverny found -- Carney found himselves accused of taking sides

today. He said leaving the EU would affect Britain's financial stability

in the short-term. Let's listen to what he had to say.

In the long-term, I don't think there can be a conclusive answer to

that. There are ways of organising ourselves that would deliver

financial stability. There's certainly ways of organising

ourselves. I would not advocate any change to the remit or the tools of

the Bank of England in order to deliver monetary stability. The

judgment would have to be in that regard, financial stability relative

to competitiveness and all the other aspects of the relationship and

balance. In the shorter term, the transition could bring some

challenges to financial stability. This is Outside Source live

from the BBC newsroom. The UN has questioned the legality

of a proposed plan by the EU and Turkey to end

migration into Europe. We bring you the main stories from

BBC World Service as well. It's two years since flight MH370

disappeared en route Authorities say they are still

confident that they BBC Chinese are

following that story. BBC Persian reports that Iran has

test-fired a number of ballistic missiles, despite pressure

from the US to halt such tests. And this is the moment that Adele

invited two men onto stage to sing. They'd recently posted a video

covering several of her songs - Let's start with the big story in

Brazil today. This is the owner of the biggest construction

conglomerate in Latin America. He's been sentenced to 19 years in

prison. This is the latest result of a massive anticorruption drive

called operation car wash. Our correspondent is in London today,

rather than Sao Paulo, and she's helped us out with this story. The

court sentenced that he paid over $30 million to prize to officials in

exchange for contracts with Brazil's oil state company. He's the sixth

executive sentenced to praise anyone the corruption in the operation,

which started in 2014. He's also the most important one. Before the

scandal, his company had over 180,000 employees in 21 countries.

He was considered the face of Brazil's economic boom in the past

few years. Now so far, officials and executives from Brazil's top

construction companies have been the main source of information to the

police in this case. They have agreed to reveal what they know in

exchange for sentence reductions. There is an expectation that this

company might dot same. His revelations could implicate some of

Brazil's main politicians and turn this case into a bigger

investigation. Earlier this week, Brazil's former president was

detained for questioning for his involvement with those construction

companies. This caused clashes between dozens of his supporters and

detractors in Sao Paulo. This is just how controversial this

investigation has become. She's not here for much longer, but

she'll be back on the programme from Sao Paulo I'm sure. It's

International Women's Day today. Most times on Outside Source around

this point in the show, we speak about the big business stories of

the day. Let's bring in Michelle to talk about gender balance on Wall

Street. My guess is, it's not great. I was on the floor of the New York

Stock Exchange a few hours ago, if you look around the trading floor,

it is still dominated by men. There was a big group of women there this

morning. Women in ETFs, exchange traded funds, they were there to

ring the opening bell in honour of International Women's Day. But it's

fair to say that if you look at the financial industry generally around

the world, there are still far too few women employed in the business.

In fact, mutual funds, the number of women that manage mutual fund assets

adds up to 2%, so 98% of mutual funds' assets are managed by men.

There are lots of jobs where it's more likely for a man or woman to be

doing it, how do we understand such a huge imbalance in the financial

sector? Well, interestingly, there's been a number of studies done,

looking at the behavioural, cognitive differences, at least when

it comes to trading, between men and women. There's been some interesting

findings. One from the University of Leicester, published just today,

they've released the findings, talking about the fact that if you

look at men they tend to take bigger risks venlt that can lead to big --

risks. That can lead to bigger profits. But it can lead to bigger

crashes. Women didn't necessarily tend to make as much money as the

men in terms of profits for the firms they work for, but they also

didn't tend to lose as much, didn't tend to, their behaviour didn't lead

to the excessive risk taking that might result in a huge crash. So

that was part of the argument, if you like, that you hear some people

talk about in terms of seeing more gender equality at least in the

financial industry. Very interesting. Thank you for talking

to us about that. Michelle in New York. Next a report about

(Inaudible) with a BBC journalist. Here's that report.

When it comes to Saudi women, well most of the world (inaudible)

unequal and can't even drive. But unequal and can't even drive. But

many Saudi women say (Inaudible) So we've been asking Audi women

themselves. Are women in the Kingdom really that oppressed? As a Saudi

woman, I never felt oppressed in any means. We have in our Parliament

more than 30 women. She's referring to the recent and long awaited move

to allow women the right to vote and take part in Parliamentary

elections. So do they have a point? More women in Saudi Arabia graduate

from university than men. Contrary to popular belief, women in Saudi

Arabia can work and in fact, have found prominence in different

fields. And when it comes to social media,

well, let's just say they're not keeping it quiet.

So women in Saudi Arabia can do many things and they do. But what often

limits them is the fact that they need a male guardian to do, well,

basically anything. My name is Shahd. I'm 20 years old

and I grew up with a violent father. Five years ago, my mother went to

court asking for divorce. She fought to keep us with her. But under the

male guardianship law, my father won our custody. All my mother had

wanted was to keep us safe and divorce her abusive husband. But the

law gave my mother no justice. Clearly, when it comes to rights,

there's still many battles to fight. However, many women in Saudi Arabia

say that labelling them as victims only makes those battles harder to

fight. What an interesting report there. If

you want to see it again or share it with someone via Facebook or

Twitter, pick up the link via the BBC News website. Just search for

Saudi Arabia women. -- Saudi women. That's all for the first part of

Outside Source. I'm back in a couple of minutes.

you're going to be travelling into the week ahead is on the way

you're going to be travelling into the Middle East, or the Gulf states,

there could be disruption to flights in