05/04/2017 100 Days


05/04/2017

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Hello and welcome to One Hundred Days.

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President Trump says his view of Bashar al Assad and the situation

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in Syria has changed after yesterday's chemical attack.

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At least 70 people have been gassed to death in what's been described

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Angry words at a crisis meeting of the UN Security Council

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as members reject Russia's claims that rebels were behind the attack.

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How many more children have to die before Russia cares? The situation

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in Syria is just one of the issues from address by posting King

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Abdullah of Jordan. Reports out of Washington that

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President Trump's chief strategist Steve Bannon has been removed

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from his position on the Also, the Egalite

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of a French election. A four hour televised

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debate with 11 candidates, so what did we learn three weeks

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from the vote? Bringing back a classic,

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cinemas across the United States screen an adaptation

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of George Orwell's 1984 I'm Katty Kay in Washington,

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Christian Fraser's in London. We've seen more video today

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from the gas attack in Syria, Rescue workers hosing down

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the lifeless bodies of children Trump said he is the basher al-Assad

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has changed. He said the attacks across a lot of lines but he didn't

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say what he was going to do about it and he didn't condemn Russia. We

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will show you what doctors say is evidence that sarin gas was used.

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His patients have those pupils which do not react to the flashlight and

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that would be a common symptom of a sarin gas attack. Syria admits

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attacking a rabble target in the town of Khan Sheikhoun, but they say

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the bomb hit a rabble factory manufacturing gas. Western sources

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said that is not likely. There is no information of such a factory

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existing and the casualties were over a wide area indicating the

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chemicals came from Big Brother. Let me say a few words about recent

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events. Yesterday, a chemical attack, a chemical attack which was

:02:46.:02:52.

so horrific in Syria against innocent people, including women,

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small children and even a beautiful little baby, their deaths were an

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affront to humanity. These heinous actions by the Assad regime cannot

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be tolerated. The United States stands with our allies across the

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globe to condemn this horrific attack and all other horrific

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attacks, for that matter. There were strong words exchanged

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earlier at the UN Security Council. Members called on Russia

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to stop its support for President Assad's regime,

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including Nikki Haley, How many more children have to die

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before Russia cares? The United States sees yesterday's attack is a

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disgrace of the highest level and assurance that humanity means

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nothing to the Syrian government. The question members of this council

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must ask themselves is this, if we are not able to enforce resolutions

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preventing the use of chemical weapons, what does that say for our

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chances of ending the broader conflict in Syria?

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Niki Daly sounding a lot like her predecessor. Questions about what

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this all means. Let's go live now to New York

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and our United Nations What does she mean when she talks

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about the idea that the United States might act unilaterally and

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Syria if the United Nations does not? I don't think we have got any

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more clarity on that than we had after listening to present tramp in

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the Rose Garden talking about red lines being transgressed. I think

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administration policy on Syria is still being formulated and they do

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not know what they will do next and how they will respond. It does seem

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that the administration has decided to take a much tougher stance toward

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Bashar al-Assad as a result of this latest chemical weapons attack. The

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evidence, Rex Tillerson was in Turkey last week saying the fate of

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Assad should be determined by the Syrian people. Niki Daly had a sit

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down with reporters here in Europe. She said that removing Assad was no

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longer the number one priority, it was fighting Islamic State. The

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Syrian opposition claims that that contributed to the attack yesterday

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because it created the sense of impunity. We have seen a change.

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Evidence of that, the British and French came forward with the draft

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resolution condemning the attack. When the Americans got involved in

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drafting a resolution, they wanted it to be much tougher. They inserted

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what one UN diplomat called operational teeth into that

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resolution. Among which is the demand that the Syrian military has

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to hand over its flight logs from yesterday and give access to

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international inspectors looking for chemical weapons. A clear sign that

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the American administration, the Trump administration, is tough and

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stance toward the Assad regime. We have been listening to President

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tramp and it was interesting he didn't make any mention of Russia.

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His focus was on Syria. The last major attack in 2013, when gas was

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used, it did bring Washington, albeit not for very long, it brought

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them closer together. Could that happen this time? No, not at the

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moment, the opposite in fact. Niki Daly did condemn Russia. She give it

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to them with both barrels. It was similar to listening to some of the

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power. Indeed, arguably, she gave a more powerful and theatrical

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performances at the United Nations, because not only did she use those

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condemning words against the Russians that you play earlier,

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before that she actually stood up from her seat, which is very rare at

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the United Nations Security Council. She got up from the horseshoe table

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and she brandished focus of the children killed in the attack

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yesterday. We have grown used to seeing some on the power, her

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predecessor, deliver some very powerful speeches, but that was

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equally powerful and what was noticeable was that she was not only

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pointing the finger at the Assad regime, she pointed the finger

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strongly at Russia and that was key. Thank you. This is the location when

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reality comes up against Mr Trump's stated policies. He wanted the

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Syrian people to decide on Assad. We want to reset the relationship with

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Russia but facts come along and this is his big test. I think the

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question is exactly the one that Nick Bryant has just laid out. To

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what extent is this White House, in the light of the chemical attack,

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the horrific images that Niki Daly displayed at the end, that his

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daughter Ivanka Trump tweeted about yesterday, to what extent as Donald

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Trump turned and said I cannot tolerate the Assad regime and,

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therefore, I will also look at the relationship with Russia? We don't

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know. They love. We don't know what these lines are worth what it means

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when he says many, many lines have been crossed the sub what does that

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mean? I will policy change toward Syria because of this attack? I

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think it will be interesting to watch the development in terms of

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the relationship with Russia and whether Donald Trump has decided he

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will take some kind of action in Syria that he wasn't prepared to

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take before. He also talks tough and one issue in the past has been that

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when the United States talks tough it doesn't back it up with military

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action and he says I will not given advance warning of what I wanted

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militarily defeat this and some teeth behind it doesn't mean very

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much, does it? And did didn't mean much during the Obama administration

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either. He will look to the world to join in and we will look at the

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global reaction. Plenty of reaction to the attack

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in the United States. The White House not particularly

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quick in its condemnation, maybe we will talk about that

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in a second, but here is a tweet from the Democrat Senator

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Richard Blumenthal who sits on the Armed Services

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Committee in the Senate. "The world must come together to end

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the horrific evil in Syria, an atrocious crime taking world back

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to blackest chapter in history." Senator Blumenthal joins

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us from Capitol Hill. When you talk about the world taking

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action, it has taken action for six years. Here we are again, another

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chemical attack. It didn't take much action under President Obama. What

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will happen this time around? I know what I hope will happen, that we

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will have more than just tough talk. There are opportunities here for

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real action against not only the Assad regime and Bashar al-Assad

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must go, that has been policy, but against Russia. Sanctions are

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possible and that ought to be pursued, much as we did against Iran

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and those sanctions from Iran to the table to reach an agreement on

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ending the weapon development and there should be action at the United

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Nations in every form where we can take it because the Russians and the

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Iranians, as the world knows, are aiders and developers of this kind

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of Yanez, absolutely unacceptable war crime. Let's call it what it is,

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it is criminal in moral terms and a violation of international law and

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Assad should be pursued for war crimes. We are introducing

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legislation this week. The war crimes accountability act 2017 that

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will allow better collection of evidence and we should insist on

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access to the crime scene so we can take more of this evidence. We are

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sitting here again trying to figure out what the message from the White

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House is. We have had clarity from President tramp in the last few

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minutes but time and again they do not send out very clear signals on

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the big issues and no one is really sure who is speaking for the

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president, his Rex Tillerson, is Varga, said Steve Bannon? Until he

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sat it out, we didn't know what the American policy was. What is unclear

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is who is saying what the president, but also what the president is

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saying to the world. That is where there needs to be much more clarity

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of the kind Ambassador Saili provided and, quite honestly, the

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Trump cosiness with Russia has actually very likely contributed to

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the license that Assad fields, through Russia, to do this kind of

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heinous act. The fact the president has been so cosy with Russia gives

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them additional sense of freedom. To stay with this, we want to talk to

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you about the row over President Trump's Supreme Court. The Senate

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will vote on Friday, the Democrats have enough votes to hold his

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nomination through a tactic known as the filibuster.

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Republicans can get Neil Gorsuch confirmed but they'll have to change

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And in the future that could lead to Supreme Court candidates

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So why are Democrats refusing to compromise on a candidate

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who many say is well qualified for the job?

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Senator Richard Blumenthal is also on the Judiciary committee

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Let me ask you a political question, President Trump's approval ratings

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are at 35%. If his approval ratings for hire, would you be voting to

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confirm Neil Gorsuch to the Supreme Court? I would be opposed to this

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nominee regardless of the Trump approval ratings and, regardless of

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the absolutely intolerable treatment of Meric Garland, the nominee of

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President Obama, almost a year ago. He was not accorded a jury or a

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vote. Both are being provided to Neil Gorsuch. The reason I frozen is

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that he has evaded, very specific questions on fundamental principles

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and Presidents of the United States Supreme Court. Whether he agrees

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with them, he refused to answer again and again, which leaves us

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with the inescapable conclusion that he has agreed to the Trump litmus

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test. He would automatically overturn provisions on gun violence

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and abortion. You know that President tramp might get another

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pic with the Supreme Court. He might get a second justice during his

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term. If it only takes the Republicans 50 films, he could also

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do the mainstream and choose some of my Conservative, doesn't worry you?

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I am worried about the next potential nominee, but I'm more

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worried about this one. As a matter of principle and conviction this

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nominee is outside the mainstream and every phone and the Supreme

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Court there are nine justices, has equal weight. Everyone is

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potentially a swing vote. The Gorsuch is also and he is

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potentially a sway vote. He can persuade others to go his way and

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rather than fighting the next fight, I am focusing on this one because

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the majority are any justice to be a bipartisan consensus. There is still

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a possibility for that agreement here. I want to quote a quite

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separate. They call it the nuclear option, the tactic Republicans might

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imply, because there is followed and this followed would be dangerously,

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perhaps disastrously, radioactive for the Senate for years to come.

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What did you mean? It could well effect the ruins, but also personal

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feelings among senators. I hope its repercussions will be limited, but

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it could be radioactive in terms of the ability to move things forward,

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legislation, and other matters and it will affect future appointments.

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I sincerely hope that we will get beyond this. It is good to have you

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with this. Thank you for coming on the programme today.

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One of President Trump's closest advisers, his chief

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strategist Steve Bannon, has been removed from his position

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on the National Security Council, the main group advising

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the President on security and foreign affairs.

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A White House aide has told US media the reshuffle is 'not

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I have to save the whole fuss about Steve Bannon being on the national

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Security Council in the first place was that he is a political figure.

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He is the political adviser to the president. He fix it campaign issues

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and election issues and re-election issues and intelligence on the

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national Security Council is meant to be pure intelligence that is not

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subject to political interpretation. That was what people in the national

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security world were upset about him being put on the national Security

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Council and that is why in being removed from the National Security

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Council is being seen as a victory for the people who are supporting

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national security. We talk about power struggles in the inner circle.

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Does this tell us that JP McMaster, the national security and fast --

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adviser, is getting a grip and discovered his power base? When I

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heard this news I tweeted that it looks like the ship is being rated a

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bit in the White House and swinging back in favour of national security,

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which would be McMaster and away from politics, which would be

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Bannon. The White House spin is there is no big deal, he was happy

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to come of the National Security Council and he was only there to

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look over the shoulder of Michael Flynn the national security adviser

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who was demoted. That is their spin on it. I think this is the forces of

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McMaster asserting themselves in the photos.

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Let s go back to President Trump's press conference a little earlier.

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He has been holding talks with King Abdullah of Jordan.

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It's the second Arab leader he has met this week,

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ahead of that crucial meeting with the Chinese President

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Let s have a listen to what else he had to say.

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The king has been a leader in calling for a plan to defeat Islamic

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State once and for all and I am with you on that. We are both leaders on

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that, believe me. That is what we speak about the date and that is

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what we are going to do. It will be a shorter fight than a lot of people

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are thinking about, believe me. We have made tremendous strides as we

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have discussed. I don't want to sound too sceptical

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that we are in this position became President Trump has said, as he did

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during the campaign, I have a secret plan and it will work marvellously

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and I'm not quite tell you what it is because that would undermine the

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efficacy of the plan, but at some point that plan has to be put into

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action. He says if we told you what the plan was we would have a

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disaster as opposed to the fight against most of which has been hard

:18:44.:18:46.

and taking a long time and that shows you how difficult it defeat

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Islamic State. At some point we have to know what the president is saying

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when he says he will fix everything. I saw between the US entered last

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night about the State Department comment on this missile being fired

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from North Korea and it was short. It was 40 words long and it said we

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have spoken enough about North Korea, we don't need to say any

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more. He talks tough and he says time is running out for North Korea.

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Their time will come, there is a point when you have to either quite

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serious diplomacy behind it or some military teeth. That tweeted about

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11 o'clock Washington time, you should be in bed. I am attentive.

:19:28.:19:33.

There have been some testy exchanges in the European Parliament

:19:34.:19:36.

today over the future of the Brexit negotiation.

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The Parliament in Strasbourg has been setting down its red

:19:39.:19:40.

Guy Verhofstadt, the parliament's chief negotiator, had his say.

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So too did Nigel Farage, who, rather undiplomatically,

:19:44.:19:45.

compared his fellow MEP's to gangsters.

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You are behaving like the mafia. You think we are a hostage, we are not.

:19:56.:20:01.

We are free to go. We are free to go. This... I know. I know. I do

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understand. I am convinced and 100% sure about one thing, that there

:20:13.:20:17.

will be one day another young man or young woman who will try again. Who

:20:18.:20:23.

will lead Britain again into the European family once again.

:20:24.:20:30.

That suggests the tone will be combative over the next two years.

:20:31.:20:35.

But the European Commission's chief negotiator Michel Barnier,

:20:36.:20:37.

who is the main figure in these talks, was a bit more considered.

:20:38.:20:40.

To succeed we need to devote the first phase of negotiations

:20:41.:20:49.

exclusively to reaching an agreement on the principles of the exit. We

:20:50.:20:56.

are not proposing to be tactical or create difficulties for the UK. On

:20:57.:21:01.

the contrary, it is an essential condition to maximise our chances to

:21:02.:21:05.

reach an agreement together within two years. He is clearly not a

:21:06.:21:19.

populist. Mr Farage is more of a populist. They all played their

:21:20.:21:23.

part. If you had seen before the debate began, how they work each

:21:24.:21:27.

other, Nigel Farage comes down the steps and he shakes the hand of

:21:28.:21:31.

Jean-Claude Younger, his nemesis, and he shakes the hand of Mr Barnier

:21:32.:21:36.

and they are pleased to see him. You know what you will get from them.

:21:37.:21:40.

Look at this. Hello, how lovely to see you. You are not suggesting it

:21:41.:21:47.

is an act, are you? It is a performance? There is a very bizarre

:21:48.:21:53.

relationship that goes on behind the grandstanding in that parliament, I

:21:54.:21:57.

have seen it first hand and they get on a lot better than you might think

:21:58.:22:00.

when you play some of the stuff they say. I think it was all planned out,

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the whole thing is a show. If you were go into the bookshops

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here in Washington this afternoon Christian,

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you might find that one or two have sold out

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of George Orwell's book 1984. In what's become known

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as the Trump bump , sales of Orwell's 1984 increased

:22:14.:22:15.

by 9,500% since The novel shot to the top

:22:16.:22:20.

of Amazon's bestseller list. The last sales spike was in 2013

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following the Edward Snowden Today across the United States two

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hundred cinemas are screening This week on Tuesday at more than

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200 community cinemas, crows can add to see 1984. This film, made in the

:22:53.:22:58.

1980s, is an adaptation of George Orwell's novel detailing the

:22:59.:23:02.

experiences of a man who exists in a dystopian future, in a big

:23:03.:23:05.

totalitarian state. Among the crowd was a sense of anticipation. I

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haven't seen it in a few years, I am curious to go back and see what

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resonates now. The man who co-organised these 1984

:23:15.:23:17.

international screenings believes the film is timely in the age of

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Trump. Which was making 84 because it is a work that is really

:23:22.:23:27.

resonating with a lot of people at this moment in the United States and

:23:28.:23:35.

even around the world. The truth in 1984 is manufactured, it isn't

:23:36.:23:38.

rooted in reality. Many commentators were startled when Trump president

:23:39.:23:43.

David Kelly and Conway used the phrase alternative facts in

:23:44.:23:48.

referring to a true event. John Spicer, our press secretary, give

:23:49.:23:53.

alternative facts to that. Using a controversial film from 30 years ago

:23:54.:23:57.

as it applies to treat the Trump administration might appeal to

:23:58.:23:59.

opponents of the president but to his supporters might come across as

:24:00.:24:04.

facile, unfair and meddling with the truth. After all, the United States

:24:05.:24:08.

doesn't have anything like the totalitarian government depicted in

:24:09.:24:15.

1984. The film-maker was on a panel to discuss 1984. She warns against

:24:16.:24:19.

drunk to close comparisons between the Trump administration and the

:24:20.:24:23.

film. I grew up in a totalitarian regime in communist East Germany

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which certainly is closer to what we see in 1984 and what we see right

:24:29.:24:32.

now. Right now we live in a democracy and we should be aware

:24:33.:24:37.

that we actually have influence of the things that are happening. It is

:24:38.:24:41.

not a totalitarian regime. The war is waged at the Reading group

:24:42.:24:46.

against its own subjects. When people might interpret 1984

:24:47.:24:50.

differently, no one can deny the ongoing currency of Orwell's work,

:24:51.:24:55.

which many say is being helped by the Trump presidency. The novel is

:24:56.:24:59.

back on the bestseller lists and in a few weeks a stage version of the

:25:00.:25:03.

will open on Broadway. It has also been talk of another big screen

:25:04.:25:05.

adaptation. The film and the book. The have 20

:25:06.:25:18.

seconds to say something profound and George Orwell. When I was in

:25:19.:25:22.

France they used to go to the barricades to protest against their

:25:23.:25:26.

leaders. In American's America they grab the popcorn. What happened to

:25:27.:25:27.

militant demonstrations? You're watching One Hundred

:25:28.:25:32.

Days from BBC News. Stay with us, still to come

:25:33.:25:34.

for viewers on the BBC News Channel and BBC World News:

:25:35.:25:37.

The gloves are off. The second French presidential

:25:38.:25:39.

descends into a slanging match. And a new First Lady,

:25:40.:25:41.

with a new approach. She's chosen to stay in New York

:25:42.:25:45.

rather than move to the White House and she's kept her official role

:25:46.:25:49.

to a minimum. We find out more about Melania Trump

:25:50.:25:52.

and how she compares so far That's still to come

:25:53.:25:55.

on One Hundred Days, from BBC News. Good evening. Very interesting

:25:56.:26:12.

weather as we head into the weekend. Before then the next few days will

:26:13.:26:17.

probably be dry or rather cloudy as we start to get more sunshine over

:26:18.:26:21.

the weekend, especially in England and Wales, it will warm up

:26:22.:26:25.

considerably. For many this we will have sky is a bit like this over the

:26:26.:26:28.

next couple of days. This picture was taken in train and the thin

:26:29.:26:34.

cloud was built southward across many parts of England and Wales.

:26:35.:26:38.

They would-be breaks here and there. They are more likely in eastern

:26:39.:26:42.

Scotland and North East England. It could be chilly but with club we

:26:43.:26:46.

will sit around 7 degrees or so. The cloud, due to this area of high

:26:47.:26:50.

pressure for many parts of the UK, the wind will be light. Further

:26:51.:26:54.

north we have differences across Scotland because we will have this

:26:55.:26:58.

Atlantic went around the top of the high pressure. That will drag more

:26:59.:27:03.

moisture, cloud and drizzle for western Scotland eastern Scotland

:27:04.:27:06.

will get some sunshine, helped by the mountains and the wind breaking

:27:07.:27:11.

up the cloud. A similar story for north-east imminent. Northern

:27:12.:27:13.

Ireland will be cloudy on Thursday and, as you can see, there is a lot

:27:14.:27:17.

of talent for inland and Wales. Difficult to pick up where the

:27:18.:27:21.

sunshine for the record will be the incident with the brightness at

:27:22.:27:25.

times. The bridge is about 14 degrees or so where we do get

:27:26.:27:30.

sunshine. Friday is d j vu again. Generally dry and party. The best of

:27:31.:27:34.

the sunshine for eastern Scotland and north-east England. That is

:27:35.:27:38.

because the position of the eye. Into the weekend, this is where it

:27:39.:27:43.

gets interesting. Beehive moves into the near continent. The weather

:27:44.:27:47.

fronts from the north-west of the UK. We will draw up a southerly wind

:27:48.:27:51.

that will pick up more sunshine and bring some air across inland and

:27:52.:27:56.

Wales. This is the picture for Saturday. A fine day. More sunshine

:27:57.:28:00.

away from the far north-west. That will see temperatures rising higher,

:28:01.:28:06.

perhaps 16 or 17 degrees. It is on Sunday, across England and Wales,

:28:07.:28:10.

when we will have sunshine. Eastern Scotland will get some sun.

:28:11.:28:15.

Elsewhere the weather front will approach to bring some rain later in

:28:16.:28:19.

the day. In this corner of the UK temperatures will not be quite so

:28:20.:28:23.

high. Moving to England and Wales and it gets warmer and warmer and we

:28:24.:28:26.

could hit 23 Celsius on Sunday in the south-east.

:28:27.:30:07.

Welcome back to One Hundred Days with Katty Kay in Washington,

:30:08.:30:10.

President Trump firmly blames Bashar al Assad for yesterday's

:30:11.:30:16.

At least 70 people were gassed to death in what's been described

:30:17.:30:21.

And it wasn't a debate - it was a marathon.

:30:22.:30:25.

The French presidential candidates took to the stage for four hours.

:30:26.:30:28.

Did anyone actually watch the whole thing?

:30:29.:30:40.

The US President, Donald Trump, has condemned a deadly

:30:41.:30:43.

chemical attack in Syria as an affront to humanity.

:30:44.:30:46.

At least 70 people were killed and hundreds more injured.

:30:47.:30:49.

The attack happened as leaders gathered in Brussels

:30:50.:30:51.

The images we've seen yesterday from Syria remind us all that

:30:52.:31:03.

here we have a responsibility to unite for real with a serious

:31:04.:31:07.

engagement the international community, the regional players,

:31:08.:31:09.

but also the Syrian parties to make this.

:31:10.:31:12.

All the evidence I have seen suggests that this was the Assad

:31:13.:31:15.

regime who did it in the full knowledge that they were using

:31:16.:31:18.

illegal weapons in a barbaric attack on the own people.

:31:19.:31:27.

The use of chemical weapons is a crime against humanity.

:31:28.:31:30.

Those responsible must be held accountable and brought to justice.

:31:31.:31:40.

Let's speak now to Mark Malloch Brown, the former

:31:41.:31:43.

Deputy Secretary General at the United Nations.

:31:44.:31:45.

He's also served as a Foreign Office minister in the UK government.

:31:46.:31:53.

When you listen to those reactions, my heart sinks because I think we

:31:54.:32:01.

been here before and nothing changes but will it this time? I very much

:32:02.:32:09.

doubt it. Before we had the Obama administration which was too dense

:32:10.:32:15.

did and did not show enough resolve when Assad crossed that red line

:32:16.:32:20.

with chemical weapons and now the Trump administration has so

:32:21.:32:23.

prioritised the fight against Isis that it leaves it with no room to

:32:24.:32:29.

pressure Assad and its new Russian ally in terms of the fight against

:32:30.:32:34.

Isis. We have struggled from one bad policy on Syria to apparently new

:32:35.:32:41.

and equally bad one. We did here Nikki Haley ticking on the Russians

:32:42.:32:45.

this morning but we don't know if that will be repeated by the White

:32:46.:32:49.

House. You have suggested that President Assad thinks he has more

:32:50.:32:52.

wiggle room with Trump than he did with Obama but the whole point of

:32:53.:32:57.

the Trump administration if it wants to project strength and he is the

:32:58.:33:01.

man people will not cross. He wants to do that but very much where

:33:02.:33:07.

American national interests are directly engaged. As far as his

:33:08.:33:12.

definition of national interests, that is the fight against Isis, the

:33:13.:33:16.

rest is secondary and almost redundant. While I'm sure he will be

:33:17.:33:22.

frustrated and, like any of us, shocked and dismayed by the human

:33:23.:33:28.

casualties, it isn't strategically his priority, or at least it hasn't

:33:29.:33:32.

been until now. And along the way, his attacks on the UN sharply

:33:33.:33:39.

undermine its authority to intervene and try to get some state on this

:33:40.:33:45.

kind of action. The trouble is that these pictures will be beamed into

:33:46.:33:50.

Muslim homes around the world. Can there be a greater rallying cry for

:33:51.:33:55.

Islamist terrorism than this kind of crime going unpunished? I suspect

:33:56.:34:03.

not. It is a first and sadly predictable step in terms of where

:34:04.:34:05.

we are headed in terms of Middle East policy. What President Trump

:34:06.:34:11.

must be quickly discovering is that it is a lot more complicated than it

:34:12.:34:16.

seemed from the campaign trail. This kind of stuff is a great recruiter

:34:17.:34:25.

to Muslim or any other kind of extremism for that point. This is a

:34:26.:34:28.

very bad moment for the people who have died and been injured but much

:34:29.:34:33.

more broadly for the region and international affairs. There will be

:34:34.:34:38.

this renewed debate about safe zones and no-fly zones but if you have

:34:39.:34:41.

those, and it might be easier with Turkey now involved in the northern

:34:42.:34:45.

part of the country, but you also have to have the appetite for

:34:46.:34:49.

policing them which possibly means bringing down Syrian or even Russian

:34:50.:34:55.

aircraft. That's right. The reason there is so much certainty that this

:34:56.:34:59.

was an official government action was that it was apparently delivered

:35:00.:35:04.

from the air and the only people who have the capacity to put planes in

:35:05.:35:07.

the air at the moment and go unchallenged is the Syrian

:35:08.:35:12.

government. Indeed, if we move to a solution like no-fly zones, almost

:35:13.:35:16.

certainly it will lead to some kind of combat and it is not quite clear

:35:17.:35:22.

that it could not draw, at the worst extreme, America and Russia into

:35:23.:35:26.

some direct military exchanges. This is very delicate stuff, we are

:35:27.:35:33.

walking on broken glass here. It was something Donald Trump spoke about

:35:34.:35:36.

in the campaign, that he supported the idea of no-fly zones. You say

:35:37.:35:41.

that is not necessarily the easiest option. In simple language, what

:35:42.:35:46.

could the world do right now to stop these kind of atrocities? The reason

:35:47.:35:50.

it is not the easiest option is because you need agreement among the

:35:51.:35:54.

principal parties that they will respect it and not get drawn into

:35:55.:35:58.

conflict over the maintenance of the no-fly zones so if you can get a

:35:59.:36:02.

diplomatic deal it is still doable but the more fundamental issue

:36:03.:36:07.

remained getting, turning a ceasefire into a proper peace

:36:08.:36:15.

process with a movement toward a transitional government in Damascus.

:36:16.:36:20.

That has been set back by the fact that this administration has

:36:21.:36:23.

declared it is not such a priority for them and they are the Assad as

:36:24.:36:29.

likely to state which undermined the prospect of negotiation. Mark

:36:30.:36:31.

Malloch Brown, thank you for joining us.

:36:32.:36:32.

The second French presidential debate was held last night

:36:33.:36:34.

At time the debate descended into a slanging match,

:36:35.:36:37.

with 11 candidates, yes, 11, all making their pitch

:36:38.:36:39.

I like to think you watched the whole thing! I dipped in to it. It

:36:40.:36:59.

was a bit like one of those seven course French meals but less

:37:00.:36:59.

appetising! The centre right candidate,

:37:00.:37:01.

Francois Fillon, was accused of having his hand in the public

:37:02.:37:03.

purse, over that alleged "jobs for family" scandal

:37:04.:37:06.

that refuses to go away. While the Front National leader,

:37:07.:37:10.

Marine Le Pen, also came This was the moment

:37:11.:37:12.

when she was challenged by centrist frontrunner,

:37:13.:37:16.

Emmanuel Macron. I come from a region which is full

:37:17.:37:21.

of its cemeteries and I do not want to go back to that

:37:22.:37:27.

time in history. So don't ever forget

:37:28.:37:29.

where we've come from. You shouldn't present yourself

:37:30.:37:35.

as new if you trot out the old fossils which are at least

:37:36.:37:38.

50 years old. I'm sorry to tell you, Ms Le Pen,

:37:39.:37:44.

but you trot out lies we've heard for 40 years and which we heard

:37:45.:37:48.

in the mouth of your father. Those were the highlights! Not the

:37:49.:38:02.

whole four hours. It seemed that it was Marine Le Pen who was getting

:38:03.:38:08.

the most flak from the others. Using the analogy of the boxing max, the

:38:09.:38:15.

frontrunners are so far ahead of the others, Macron and Le Pen, they just

:38:16.:38:19.

need to keep going around the ring. But the others came into the ring

:38:20.:38:25.

like this guy Philippe Poutou who is a factory worker from the South of

:38:26.:38:31.

France, a militant anti-capitalist. Not even in a shirt and tie, he

:38:32.:38:36.

turned up in his pyjamas! The start landing these punches on Fillon who

:38:37.:38:43.

threatened to sue him at one stage! When the police come knocking on my

:38:44.:38:46.

door, I have to respond, saying that blue-collar workers had to respond

:38:47.:38:50.

but you lot don't have too Le Pen started to weigh in and she

:38:51.:38:59.

suffered at his hands. His surname, Poulou, means kiss. We're going from

:39:00.:39:05.

pyjamas to a high fashion. The First Lady of the United States

:39:06.:39:06.

is one of the most well-known Melania Trump is very different

:39:07.:39:09.

to Michelle Obama and immediately she set people talking

:39:10.:39:14.

with her decision to remain She is doing what she needs

:39:15.:39:17.

to do as First Lady. In the past hour she's been visiting

:39:18.:39:23.

a school with Queen Rania of Jordan, but she's kept her official role

:39:24.:39:27.

to a minimum. The President and First Lady

:39:28.:39:29.

of the United States Beautiful, always

:39:30.:39:32.

immaculately turned out. A few things you didn't

:39:33.:39:44.

know about Mrs Trump. She's 24 years younger

:39:45.:39:47.

than her husband. She is the first American First Lady

:39:48.:39:50.

to be born and raised She speaks five languages

:39:51.:39:53.

but is said to be self-conscious Our father, who art in heaven,

:39:54.:39:56.

hallowed by thy name. And a homebody who is reluctant

:39:57.:40:06.

to move from New York They are so lucky that they don't

:40:07.:40:09.

have to do this every night, right! If Melania is happy in this new job,

:40:10.:40:15.

she doesn't always show it. Perhaps it's only fitting that this

:40:16.:40:18.

unusual president should have such Let's speak now Andrew Och,

:40:19.:40:21.

a journalist who spent a year travelling around America

:40:22.:40:31.

researching First Ladies for a book He is known as "The

:40:32.:40:33.

First Ladies Man". Welcome to the programme. I'm going

:40:34.:40:46.

to play the bad cop here but she is in this hotel in New York, very

:40:47.:40:51.

different to Michelle Obama we hardly see her and it is costing the

:40:52.:40:55.

taxpayer a fortune for her to be there. Could you not be doing more?

:40:56.:41:01.

She could and her approach to first lady is unusual but not

:41:02.:41:04.

unprecedented. There were a number of others that did not spend much

:41:05.:41:08.

time in Washington or come to Washington at all and even more that

:41:09.:41:11.

were not married to the president and served as home test -- hostess

:41:12.:41:19.

duties. We have not seen this in America since 1914 when Eleanor

:41:20.:41:25.

Wilson died and the President's sister had to sit in and be the

:41:26.:41:30.

stand-in first lady. We are not used to it in modern times. For the last

:41:31.:41:35.

hundred years we have had more active first ladies, particularly

:41:36.:41:42.

the last three or four. Is it not time we gave up on this notion that

:41:43.:41:46.

we had to have a first lady who was there to cut ribbons and shake hands

:41:47.:41:50.

and look wonderful and smile at the cameras? If she wants to stay in New

:41:51.:41:55.

York, good for her. There is an angle to that. This is a non-elected

:41:56.:42:00.

and nonpaid role, the woman just happens to be married to the

:42:01.:42:05.

president. And various first ladies have taken more of a traditional

:42:06.:42:08.

role and more of an active role and what Melania is doing in protecting

:42:09.:42:13.

the sun and keeping him where he is for the time being, a lot of first

:42:14.:42:19.

ladies and first families, the Clinton and Obama and Kennedy and

:42:20.:42:24.

Roosevelt families went to great lengths to keep their children out

:42:25.:42:28.

of the public eye and give them a normal childhood as much as

:42:29.:42:32.

possible. The role is changing and the Trump ministration is an unusual

:42:33.:42:37.

one. You can say that again! Andrew Och, thank you for joining the

:42:38.:42:41.

programme. In all seriousness that has to be a re-evaluation of what a

:42:42.:42:45.

woman who happens to be married to the president is expected to do. If

:42:46.:42:49.

she wants to stay in New York, good for her. Yes, she is very different

:42:50.:42:56.

to Michelle Obama. I wonder if she might shine in that role and do him

:42:57.:42:58.

some good. We will

:42:59.:42:59.

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