05/08/2011 BBC News at Ten


05/08/2011

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Another torrid day on the world stock markets amid continuing fears

:00:07.:00:11.

of a new recession. It is a downward slide, with investors

:00:11.:00:18.

nervous about the euros own debts. The EU says they should not panic.

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I would encourage everybody to stay calm and breathe deeply and see

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that the economy recovery is going The end of the worst week on the US

:00:29.:00:35.

markets for two years. President Obama urges for calm. What I want

:00:35.:00:38.

the American people and our partners around the world to know

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is this: We are going to get through this. Things will get

:00:43.:00:47.

better and we will get there to get a. We will be assessing if Europe's

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leaders can take decisive action to reassure the markets.

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Also tonight: The British teenager killed by a polar bear in the

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Arctic. The there is shot dead after four others on the same

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expedition are injured. The Polar Bear attacked him with his right

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paw across his face and his head and his arm.

:01:10.:01:15.

A special report on Syria's uprising. How activists are

:01:15.:01:20.

defining five months of a brutal government crackdown.

:01:20.:01:24.

And an international theme at Edinburgh. How Chinese productions

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are attracting attention at this year's festival.

:01:30.:01:34.

Later in Sportsday: Black poor kick of the new English football season

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fresh from their Premier League adventure. They take on Hull in the

:01:39.:01:49.
:01:49.:02:00.

Good evening. Markets around the world have endured another day of

:02:00.:02:04.

turmoil triggered by near-panic at the possibility of a new US

:02:04.:02:08.

recession and of Europe's debt crisis spreading. New York's

:02:08.:02:12.

markets have closed in the last half an hour after their worst week

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for two years, despite jobs data that was better than expected. In a

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moment will be exploring the cause of all the instability but first,

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here is Robert Peston. 24 hours of turmoil on markets.

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Share prices plunged yesterday in Germany and the rest of Europe,

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infecting the Americas, including Brazil. Overnight, it spread to

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Asia, China, Japan, Hong Kong, Singapore and back to Europe, with

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almost three trillion pounds wiped off for shares worldwide. The

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crisis was triggered by growing fears that Italy and Spain would be

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unable to repay their debt, which led to a rise in their borrowing

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costs. That was stamped on 21st July when the governments said they

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would agree a new support package but the fears came back and Italy

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and Spain's borrowing costs continued their rise at dangerously

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high levels. I would encourage everybody to stay calm and breathe

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deeply and see that the economy recovery is going on. It is

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important that people see that this work is indeed going on day and

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night. It may be tempting to see falls in share prices as having

:03:29.:03:33.

very little relevance to us but they directly affect the value of

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pensions and they may say a good deal about the province of

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companies to invest and create jobs -- the confidence of companies. And

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when bank shares fall, it can tell you something about their ability

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to borrow and when the banks cannot borrow, they find it hard to lend

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and when they cannot lend, the economy can weaken. This afternoon

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there was a brief recovery in share prices, after US unemployment

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figures turned out better than feared, but the respite was short-

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lived. What I want our American people to know is this: We are

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going to get through this. Things will get better and we are going to

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get there together. If the problem is the excessive indebtedness of a

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number of rich, Western countries, is there a painless solution?

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I'm afraid. It amounts to the fact that people will have to accept

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that governments will have to be smaller and spend less so there

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will be left public sector employment, fewer jobs and the

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public sector and if expenditure on things like health care and

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pensions and education -- less expenditure. Bank shares have been

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:04:51.:04:52.

Today, a loyal band of Scotland announced it was back in the red to

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the tune of �1.4 billion for the first six months of the year, in

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part because of losses to its loans to Greece. How bad can it get?

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would be stupid not to be cautious and alert to the significant risks

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that can turn bad but I think the probabilities are that the world

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doesn't turn overnight from a place that is slowly recovering to a

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place that is a disaster area. Commodities markets, forcing the

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price of copper, lead, zinc and tin are saying that the global economic

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recovery is threatened and that we all risk been burned in the white

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heat of markets. There is continuing concern over

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the health of the US economy and we are just getting used of

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developments on that front. Let's go live to Mark Mardell in

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Washington. ABC is reporting that a government official has told them

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that the White House is expecting and preparing for a downgrade of

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its triple-A status by the rating agency. We haven't got independent

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confirmation of that and I stress that no other networks are

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reporting that but ABC are usually pretty reliable. This is the news

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that people one week ago were braced for, they thought it would

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be a terrible catastrophe, an appalling thing to happen to

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America's reputation. I just wonder whether if it is true, the markets

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have perhaps discounted it and the rating agency is a player in the

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game. It perhaps has been backed into a corner by some of its

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previous tough talking. But clearly, if it is true, it is not great news

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for America. Let's turn to Europe now. Much of the fear has been

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centred on Spain and Italy. Silvio Berlusconi said tonight he would

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speed up a package of austerity measures. There are concerns that

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the European leaders are not acting decisively enough and need to do

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more to reassure investors. Stephanie Flanders has this

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assessment of the growing financial fears.

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You might wonder what way the markets are panicking right now.

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Didn't the week begin with be good news that America would not

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default? But investors are worried about growth as well as debt.

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fact that it is in the private sector, corporate sector or the

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public sector, everybody is trying to repay their debts, trying to

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atone for the sins of the past and the consequences of that his lack

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of demand and lack of growth. the eurozone, fear of slow growth

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has fuelled fears about the level of government debt. Investors

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worried that if countries like Italy and Spain cannot grow, they

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will not be able to control their borrowing and because they are all

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tied together by think will currency, the problems of

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individual countries have turned into a problem for all of Europe.

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So what can leaders do to stem the panic? They might want to rethink

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their holiday plans for a start. The leaders of France, Germany and

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Italy are all away from their desk, although David Cameron interrupted

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his Brit today to chat with the Governor of the Bank of England. --

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interrupted his break. If the panic continues, the central banks may

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act. The European Central Bank is under pressure to support countries

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by buying more of their debt. If the US recovery stumbles, you may

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see their central bank pumping more money into the economy. What can

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governments in the eurozone do? Well, we could see them offer more

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budget cuts. That may happen in Italy. But what investors really

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want to see is all of the country's acting together to create a bigger

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bail-out fund perhaps, or may be guaranteeing troubled countries''

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debts. Those last two are steps that Germany refused to take two

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weeks ago. The Italian Prime Minister said tonight that the G7

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finance ministers would meet in the next few days and he would try to

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balance Italy's budget one year early. You might wonder what this

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all means for us in Britain. After all, we didn't sign up for the euro.

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But we are fully paid-up members of the global economy. We in Britain

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are not in the firing line of these problems because of the difficult

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decisions that we have taken of the last year to bring spending under

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control, to bring down borrowing, to control debt. Britain is able to

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borrow at low rates of interest because the financial markets have

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confidence in what we are doing. is true. The market are not so

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worried about Britain's debts but another reason our borrowing is

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lobe is because investors are worried about growth here as well.

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Our recovery hopes are pinned on bank lending more and companies

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exporting more and none of that will happen if the worries of the

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last few days get out of hand. Let's go live to Brussels. What

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other signs about how EU leaders are responding to the crisis?

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Well, an indication of the anxiety felt here of a flurry of phone

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calls that have been taking place, particularly this evening.

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President Sarkozy speaking to the German Chancellor, the German

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Chancellor is due to call President Obama, David Cameron has been

:10:09.:10:13.

speaking to Angela Merkel, all indications of anxiety. The

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Italians have been pushing for an emergency meeting of the G7

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countries, although that perhaps may not take place. Italy remains

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the focus of all this and tonight Silvio Berlusconi said he would

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bring forward austerity measures and social reforms. He would also

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balance the budget one yet barely and he has one eye on the European

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Central Bank, which he hopes might intervene next week and make things

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easier for Italy, but the message from the European Central Bank is,

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it has to be convinced that Italy is truly serious about putting its

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house in order. As regards to European leaders, I believe they

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are struggling to come up with answers. There is the sense of

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drift, policy differences over this, and of course, the key question

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remains unanswered. What if a big country like Italy needs help, it

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needs rescuing? Where is the mechanism to do that? They have not

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been able to provide the answer and that is still troubling the markets.

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Our Europe editor there. Let's take stock of what we have seen.

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So, financial markets across the globe have seen dramatic losses

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over the past five days. In the last hour on Wall Street, the Dow

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Jones ended up slightly on the day but was down nearly 6% for the week.

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Earlier, Germany's main share index, the DAX, plummeted nearly 13% over

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And here, the FTSE 100 closed down 2.7% on the day. That's close to a

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10% fall over the week. Nearly �150 billion were wiped off the value of

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Robert Peston is with me. What people want to know is, is this so

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the? Anybody who tells you they know precisely what will happen to

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the markets is a school or a liar. But we are living through times of

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profound uncertainty and much of that uncertainty stems from the

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vast amounts of debt on many Western major economies, the UK,

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the USA, Spain, Italy, Ireland, Greece. I am not just talking about

:12:25.:12:29.

government debt, the some of it, financial debt, household debt,

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government debt. If we manage that dead in the best case and reduce it

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in a rational way, the Bank of England says we can expect years of

:12:39.:12:45.

relatively low growth and if we make mistakes, there will be crisis.

:12:46.:12:51.

The question is, will we manage the debts down in a sensible way? We

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are hearing out of America denied that the ratings agency may remove

:12:55.:13:00.

the cherished triple-A credit rating from America, which would

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commit if that did happen, caused all sorts of uncertainty for

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vendors to America. Why? Because the perception is that the US

:13:09.:13:13.

decision on how to reduce the deficit was made in any rational

:13:14.:13:17.

way and the big problem of the eurozone is that the perception of

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investors is that the multiplicity of governments that need to make

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decisions means that when they get a crisis of the thought they had

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been experiencing in terms of investors' lack of confidence and

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the inability of certain countries to repay, the Government's just do

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not act fast enough or rationally enough.

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There is more on the card crisis in a special section of the BBC

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The Ministry of Defence has this evening announced the death of a

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Royal Marine from 42 Commando Royal Marines in Afghanistan. He died

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today in the Nad-e Ali District of The Royal Marine was mortally

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wounded by a grenade that landed inside his check-point. His next of

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:14:12.:14:12.

A British teenager has been mauled to death by a polar bear in the

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Norwegian Arctic. 17 year on Horatio Chapple from Wiltshire was

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on a camping expedition in the Svalbard Islands in northern Norway.

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Four others who were injured in the attack have been flown by air

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ambulance to Tromsoe. The isolated spot on an Arctic

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glacier where this morning's can go to tack -- tragic attack took place.

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A remote and vulnerable campsite, and the polar bear shot dead, but

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not before he had killed one young British man and viciously malt four

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others. A helicopter was rushed into airlift them to hospital. The

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alarm had been raised by satellite phone. What had been the adventure

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holiday of a lifetime had abruptly turned into a disaster. The 17-

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year-old schoolboy who was killed was named this afternoon. The young

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explorer who died on our expedition this morning is Horatio Chapple.

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Horacio was a fine young man, hoping to go on to read medicine

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after school. The injured include a trip leaders Andrew ruck and Mike

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Read as well as two teenagers. Terry Flinders is the one of them.

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The organisers told him what had happened. The Polar Bear attacked

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him with his right paw, crashed his face, head and arm. Then the leader

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came along and tried to get the polar bear away. He got mauled

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badly, according to the television. But they managed to shoot the polar

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bear. The British Schools exploring Society is based in London and they

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organise expeditions for people in their late teens and early twenties

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to experience the world and us. It is the chance of seeing polar bears

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in their natural habitat that is one of the top attractions of trips

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to Svalbard. It is thought there are nearly 3000 bears roaming wild

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amidst the stunning landscape. Blogs posted on the expedition

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website a week ago talk of an Arctic adventure of sea ice and the

:16:25.:16:29.

polar bears they were dreaming of seeing. But adventure holidays like

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these are never risk free. Although this group did have training and

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took precautions, according to one teenager who flew home early

:16:38.:16:44.

because of frostbite. Every night, we were supposed to set off their

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flowers around your separate camp. You were supposed to have wires

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along it. If a polar bear trips into it, an empty shotgun round

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makes a loud bang. That is supposed to scare away the polar bear.

:16:57.:17:01.

went wrong this morning is still not clear. An investigation has

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been ordered by the Norwegian authorities.

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Coming up: Shakespeare goes east, with a Chinese version of Romeo and

:17:14.:17:19.

Juliet at the Edinburgh Festival. Reports from Syria say that at

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least 11 people were killed today in the latest clashes between the

:17:22.:17:30.

security forces and anti-government protesters.

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It is five months since the uprising in Syria began, and

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foreign journalists remain restricted in their access to the

:17:38.:17:42.

country. John Simpson is in Lebanon, where he has been speaking to

:17:42.:17:45.

Syrian refugees and those who still support the president.

:17:45.:17:50.

The view across the valley in the direction of Syria, now a closed

:17:50.:17:55.

country. Across the border, some of the worst fighting has been going

:17:55.:17:59.

on in the city of Hama. Syrian television, government controlled,

:17:59.:18:04.

showed these pictures of the city today, claiming that things were

:18:04.:18:07.

now quiet there. The commentary tells the viewers that the

:18:07.:18:12.

demonstrators are armed and violent. The Syrian government line is that

:18:12.:18:16.

the demonstrators are basically terrorists, supported by hostile

:18:16.:18:21.

foreign forces. But tonight, an opposition supporter in Hama denied

:18:21.:18:31.
:18:31.:18:39.

Thousands have been demonstrating across Syria today, including in a

:18:39.:18:47.

city just a few miles from Damascus. The BBC has verified these pictures.

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From Lebanon, I got through to the satellite phone of the man who sent

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them. What will happen in the long run? Do you really think that the

:19:00.:19:10.
:19:10.:19:18.

government of President Assad will This country, Lebanon, knows all

:19:18.:19:23.

about civil war. Syria has often been deeply involved. There's a lot

:19:23.:19:27.

of nervousness hear about any spillover from the Syrian troubles.

:19:27.:19:31.

Today in Beirut, there was a small demo by supporters of the Assad

:19:31.:19:37.

regime. Some Lebanese politicians take a strongly pro-Syrian line,

:19:37.:19:43.

including the former government minister. It must be difficult and

:19:43.:19:48.

embarrassing for somebody like you to have to defend a government

:19:48.:19:56.

which shoots down its own citizens? TRANSLATION: Internal forces are

:19:56.:20:00.

working against Bashar al-Assad and want to bring him down.

:20:00.:20:05.

He does not want war. If Syria falls, it will be totally

:20:05.:20:09.

fragmented and would destabilise the whole region. It is beginning

:20:09.:20:13.

to look as though things over there have gone too far for a compromise

:20:13.:20:18.

solution. The Government cannot back down without looking as though

:20:18.:20:23.

they are surrendering completely. If the demonstrators were going to

:20:23.:20:26.

stop, surely they would have stopped already. People on both

:20:26.:20:30.

sides are now starting to warn about the possibility of civil war,

:20:30.:20:34.

but no one seems to know how to stop it.

:20:34.:20:37.

The energy company E.ON has announced that it will increase its

:20:37.:20:40.

gas and electricity prices. Gas will go up by 18%, while

:20:40.:20:45.

electricity is set to rise by 11% from next month. E.ON is the fourth

:20:45.:20:50.

of the big six suppliers to raise prices. It blamed problems in the

:20:50.:20:53.

Middle East for the hike. But the campaign group Consumer Focus

:20:53.:20:59.

claims wholesale prices are a third lower than they were in 2008.

:20:59.:21:02.

Police are warning that a section of the M25 in Surrey is likely to

:21:02.:21:05.

be closed until the early hours of tomorrow morning after an accident

:21:05.:21:09.

during rush-hour. Four people were injured, two of them airlifted to

:21:09.:21:19.

hospital, after a lorry crashed over the central reservation.

:21:19.:21:24.

At one stage, there was a tailback of almost 30 miles to junction 10.

:21:24.:21:27.

The Libyan government has denied reports that one of Colonel

:21:27.:21:31.

Gaddafi's sons has been killed in a NATO airstrike. It is the second

:21:31.:21:34.

time this year that Khamis Gaddafi has been reported killed. In

:21:34.:21:38.

western Libya, rebel forces say they are running short of

:21:38.:21:42.

ammunition. Despite this, they have managed to take new ground and

:21:42.:21:50.

advanced from the port city of Misrata to the outskirts of Zlitan.

:21:50.:21:55.

Coming to bury a mother and her two young children, victims of a NATO

:21:55.:22:00.

airstrike, the regime claims. It brought journalists to Zlitan to

:22:00.:22:04.

witness their funerals. NATO says it hit a command and control centre,

:22:04.:22:10.

but it is looking for more details. In the town centre, there was quiet.

:22:10.:22:18.

It is still under government control. But the rebels are

:22:18.:22:23.

battling to change that. The two months, they have been advancing on

:22:23.:22:30.

Zlitan. The furthest they have got is the suburbs. And they have

:22:30.:22:34.

needed plenty of help from above. This is one of the latest air

:22:34.:22:39.

strikes by the RAF, which has been pounding targets in and around the

:22:39.:22:44.

town, destroying some of the regime's concealed weapons. At the

:22:44.:22:48.

frontline, we found this rebel Brigade resting during air lull in

:22:48.:22:54.

the fighting. A source told us that the rebels cannot advance much

:22:54.:22:58.

further because they are dangerously low on ammunition. This

:22:58.:23:04.

amateur army is running on empty. The fighters here said they still

:23:04.:23:08.

have to rely on a lot of home made improvised weapons, like this anti-

:23:08.:23:13.

tank gun which has been bolted to a pick-up truck. They have managed to

:23:13.:23:17.

capture some arms from Colonel Gaddafi's forces. They took this

:23:17.:23:21.

anti-aircraft gun a week ago. But they say they often run short of

:23:21.:23:26.

ammunition. Sometimes, they have to wait for days to be resupplied. At

:23:26.:23:31.

times, they have been down to their last box of bullets.

:23:31.:23:36.

TRANSLATION: What can I say? Our ammunition could run out any

:23:36.:23:45.

time now. I have maybe enough for one or two days. The commander took

:23:45.:23:50.

me to a lookout post to get a rare glimpse of Colonel Gaddafi's men.

:23:50.:23:55.

They were across the sand dunes, about two kilometres away, visible

:23:55.:24:00.

with binoculars and perhaps watching us as well. The rebels

:24:00.:24:07.

want to flush them out so that they can push on towards Tripoli. The

:24:07.:24:10.

capital is just an hour and a half's drive away, a tantalising

:24:10.:24:16.

prospect. But the fighters say that to get there, the least they need

:24:16.:24:22.

is bullets. The curtain has tonight gone up on

:24:22.:24:27.

the world's largest arts festival. Among the dozens of shows at

:24:27.:24:30.

Edinburgh this year are a Chinese King Lear, a Chinese Hamlet and a

:24:30.:24:35.

Chinese Romeo and Juliet. Both the main and the Fringe Festival are

:24:35.:24:39.

reflecting what is being described as a new and extraordinary cultural

:24:39.:24:49.
:24:49.:24:55.

flowering. A opening tonight, a little window

:24:55.:25:02.

into the mind of China, a tattooist Romeo and Juliet. It is certainly a

:25:02.:25:05.

spectacle, pure entertainment, but there is another question behind

:25:05.:25:11.

all of this. What do we really know about China and the East? In the

:25:11.:25:15.

days of China's cultural revolution in the '60s and '70s, this show

:25:15.:25:20.

would have been unthinkable. But today, China is on a very different

:25:20.:25:27.

cultural mission. He has been working on the idea of making a pea

:25:27.:25:35.

and -- musical production for two years. The idea of presenting this

:25:35.:25:38.

philosophy is to allow people to know what the essence of it is.

:25:38.:25:41.

festival will also offer a Chinese interpretations of King Lear,

:25:41.:25:45.

Hamlet and the Tempest. It is extraordinary what is coming out of

:25:45.:25:50.

China, but not only China. There is a genuine cultural flowering

:25:50.:25:54.

happening in Asia. For the festival director, if we are to understand

:25:54.:26:01.

the future, we need to understand the east. Unless you really

:26:01.:26:04.

understand and take the time to delve underneath what these

:26:04.:26:11.

cultures are about, you do not fully understand where they come

:26:11.:26:18.

from, what motivates them. instance, laughter. Stand-up was

:26:18.:26:23.

almost unknown in Korea. But Korean shows will high-rate comedy doctor

:26:23.:26:27.

to help them navigate Britain's odd sense of humour.

:26:27.:26:34.

Do you think Britain knows anything about Korea? I have to say not

:26:34.:26:39.

really. It is a pity. That is why I keep bringing Korean shows here, so

:26:39.:26:44.

we can introduce our culture. Meanwhile, this Chinese Swan Lake

:26:44.:26:49.

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