04/10/2013 BBC News at Ten


04/10/2013

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300 African migrants are now feared dead after the Mediterranean's worst

:00:04.:00:06.

ever refugee disaster. As survivors are pulled from the

:00:06.:00:18.

water off the Italian coast, the desperate strain of their ordeal is

:00:18.:00:28.

all too clear. Oh, my God. Hallelujah!

:00:28.:00:32.

We're live at the scene as the Italian authorities struggle to cope

:00:32.:00:35.

with the dead, and the living. Also tonight: The mother who starved

:00:35.:00:39.

her son to death is jailed for 15 years.

:00:39.:00:45.

We hear from his father. FIFA admits a summer World Cup in

:00:45.:00:48.

Qatar might be a mistake, but gets no closer to finding a solution.

:00:48.:00:51.

The mother and her children who played dead in the Kenyan shopping

:00:51.:00:54.

mall siege talk of the moment they were rescued.

:00:54.:00:58.

And the brilliant and ruthless Vietnamese general who defeated the

:00:58.:01:01.

French and the Americans has died aged 102.

:01:01.:01:08.

In Sportsday, can Arsenal Ladies make up for losing the league with a

:01:08.:01:12.

win in the Continental Cup over Lincoln?

:01:13.:01:37.

Good evening. Rescuers in Italy now fear more than

:01:38.:01:42.

300 people drowned when a boat carrying African migrants sank

:01:42.:01:47.

yesterday. Divers have been hampered by poor weather conditions at sea

:01:47.:01:50.

today. So far just over 100 bodies have been recovered. The fishing

:01:50.:01:54.

vessel was carrying around 500 migrants, including children, mainly

:01:54.:01:58.

from Eritrea and Somalia. It's thought they had set off from the

:01:58.:02:02.

Libyan port of Misrata, but the boat capsized half a mile off the island

:02:02.:02:06.

of Lampedusa after it caught fire. The sunken vessel lies off the

:02:06.:02:09.

southern coast of the island, where the authorities are calling for help

:02:09.:02:12.

to prevent such tragedies happening again. Gavin Hewitt reports from

:02:12.:02:15.

there. This is the first glimpse of the

:02:15.:02:30.

migrants' boat, which lies 150 feet in Neath the surface. Divers believe

:02:30.:02:34.

many bodies are still inside. They are not looking for any more

:02:34.:02:41.

survivors. This was the moment yesterday when rescue boats arrived

:02:41.:02:45.

at the site where the boat with the migrants had capsized. At one point,

:02:45.:02:50.

coastguard crews were in the water, trying to save people. It is feared

:02:50.:02:54.

up to 300 people lost their lives in the Mediterranean's worst disaster

:02:54.:03:02.

involving migrants. During the rescue, one man warned of the large

:03:02.:03:07.

numbers still at risk. How many people in the boat? 180 or 500. We

:03:07.:03:17.

met one of the survivors, from Eritrea.

:03:17.:03:28.

TRANSLATION: We got out, swimming. The motor did not work any more. We

:03:28.:03:33.

turned on a fire. It got out of control, and everyone jumped into

:03:34.:03:40.

the water. Throughout the day, ships and helicopters have been scouring

:03:40.:03:43.

the waters. There are 200 people unaccounted for. The survivors say

:03:43.:03:47.

they were so close to land that they could see the lights. The boat sank

:03:47.:03:51.

they were so close to land that they 800 metres from these two rocks. The

:03:51.:03:56.

stronger migrants, some of them, over 100 of them, were able to swim

:03:56.:04:00.

and reached the rocks where they were rescued. But the majority of

:04:00.:04:05.

the people on the boat could not make the crossing. Some of the early

:04:05.:04:08.

rescuers have described the moment they arrived at the scene. Domenico

:04:08.:04:14.

is a fisherman, who told us many of those he saved were covered in

:04:14.:04:17.

kerosene. TRANSLATION: When I stopped the

:04:17.:04:23.

boat, you could only see their heads with arms in the air. They were

:04:23.:04:27.

screaming. There were so many people in the sea. We only managed to save

:04:27.:04:35.

20. Two have now died, two women. Some of the survivors have been

:04:35.:04:39.

taken to this detention centre, joining other migrants with stories

:04:39.:04:44.

and pictures of harrowing journeys. European officials openly accept

:04:44.:04:47.

that there will have to be changes to avoid these tragedies. Seven

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countries today take almost all of the refugees in Europe, but we are

:04:54.:04:58.

setting in place a common European policy with common standards so that

:04:58.:04:59.

setting in place a common European in a year or so, all 28 countries

:05:00.:05:05.

will be ready, in terms of capacity, to receive refugees. Tonight in

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Lampedusa, a silent procession, a small island in mourning. They know

:05:12.:05:16.

there are no easy solutions to a crisis that drives tens of thousands

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to their shores. Gavin, you see there are no easy

:05:21.:05:26.

solutions. What are the Italian authorities saying about what can be

:05:26.:05:27.

done to prevent such tragedies? It authorities saying about what can be

:05:27.:05:33.

is worth noting that as this tragedy was unfolding, two other migrant

:05:33.:05:37.

boats arrived bringing hundreds of migrants. In the first six months

:05:37.:05:41.

about 10,000 passed through this island. At the detention centre

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today, I noticed the number coming from Syria and the Middle East. This

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is very much seen as the gateway into Europe. But here is the

:05:50.:05:54.

dilemma. There are some who are saying, why don't we make it easier

:05:54.:05:59.

for migrants to come legitimately. But that is difficult when you have

:05:59.:06:03.

26 million people out of work. On the other hand, there are those who

:06:03.:06:07.

say, stop the smuggling and turn people back. But one lesson from

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what has happened in the last two or three days, it shows the level of

:06:12.:06:16.

risk people are prepared to take to come to Europe. There are no easy

:06:16.:06:21.

options. The alcoholic mother who starved her

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four-year-old son, Hamzah Khan, to death and left his body in a cot for

:06:24.:06:28.

nearly two years has been jailed for 15 years. Amanda Hutton also

:06:28.:06:31.

admitted neglecting five of her other children aged between five and

:06:31.:06:37.

13, who were living in squalor. The judge told her that she had put her

:06:37.:06:40.

selfish addiction to drink well before her responsibilities to her

:06:40.:06:44.

children. He also had harsh words for the father, Aftab Khan, saying

:06:44.:06:47.

he seemed to have done little to improve the welfare of his children.

:06:47.:06:51.

Mr Khan has been speaking to Ed Thomas.

:06:51.:07:00.

Amanda Hutton, the mother who neglected her eight children, the

:07:00.:07:03.

alcoholic who drank a bottle of vodka each day, as her four-year-old

:07:03.:07:09.

son starved to death. Hamzah Khan was fed scraps until he finally

:07:09.:07:14.

died. And then his body was left in a cot for 21 months. Today, Amanda

:07:14.:07:21.

Hutton arrived at court to be sentenced for her neglect of the

:07:21.:07:26.

most basic of parental duties. Standing in the dock, there was no

:07:26.:07:30.

reaction, as she was jailed for 15 years. Judge Thomas QC told

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Hamzah's mother she was wicked and devious. He said, the most telling

:07:36.:07:40.

an awful fact about how you starved Hamzah is that when his mummified

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remains were found he was clothed in a baby grow for a six to nine month

:07:46.:07:51.

child, at the age of four and a half years. I told them, go and check my

:07:51.:07:56.

children, but they thought she was right and I was wrong. In his first

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BBC interview, Hamzah's father told us that the lease and social

:08:02.:08:08.

services failed. Aftab Khan has a conviction for assaulting Amanda

:08:08.:08:09.

Hutton. After he was arrested, he conviction for assaulting Amanda

:08:09.:08:14.

asked police officers to check on his son. Do you accept any

:08:14.:08:19.

responsibility? I feel guilty and I should have done more, but I was

:08:19.:08:23.

pushed to one side. If once they had believed me and gone to check the

:08:23.:08:28.

children, Hamzah would be alive. Why could you not knock on the door and

:08:28.:08:33.

take Hamzah out? She would not open the door to me. But it was the

:08:33.:08:39.

police who uncovered this squalor. Today, the West Yorkshire force said

:08:39.:08:44.

it did check on Hamzah and Amanda Hutton and at the time there was no

:08:44.:08:49.

cause for concern. How could she care for her children? She was a

:08:49.:08:55.

depressed, abused alcoholic. This woman did not want to be identified.

:08:55.:08:59.

She is a friend of Amanda Hutton and supported her throughout the trial.

:08:59.:09:02.

She was in the middle of the breakdown and drank 24-7. She was

:09:02.:09:08.

not fit to cope with running the house and the children. Those around

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her could see but did nothing to help. What role did social services

:09:10.:09:14.

play in this chaotic life? Despite help. What role did social services

:09:14.:09:18.

repeated visits, Amanda Hutton managed to hide her neglect. This

:09:18.:09:24.

was a very difficult family to be visiting. The mother, apparently,

:09:24.:09:30.

was very resistant to any kind of interference in her life. She did

:09:30.:09:33.

not want anyone to come. She was pushing people away. That is an

:09:33.:09:39.

extremely difficult context to work in, particularly in cases of

:09:39.:09:45.

neglect. As Amanda Hutton begins her sentence, the council welcomed the

:09:45.:09:49.

Serious Case Review into what it did during her son's shortlife. Whatever

:09:49.:09:54.

it finds, it will be too late for Hamzah Khan, who needed saving from

:09:54.:09:58.

his own mother. The stand-off between Ed Miliband

:09:58.:10:01.

and the Mail newspaper group continues, with the Labour leader

:10:01.:10:04.

urging the owner of the Mail newspapers to examine what he called

:10:04.:10:08.

their "culture and practices". But a senior editor at the Daily Mail now

:10:08.:10:11.

says some in the Labour Party need to apologise to the paper. David

:10:11.:10:19.

Sillito reports. It began as a row with the Mail

:10:19.:10:23.

about Ed Miliband's father but the Labour leader is taking it further.

:10:23.:10:27.

His aim now is the editor, Paul Dacre, the owner, Lord Rothermere,

:10:27.:10:33.

and the way the Mail works. I think what is important now, and the ball

:10:33.:10:37.

is in the Court of the Mail and the Mail on Sunday, I think they need to

:10:37.:10:40.

take a long, hard look at the culture and practices of their

:10:40.:10:44.

newspapers, to ask why these things are happening, because I think it

:10:44.:10:47.

says something about the way they operate these newspapers. I hope

:10:47.:10:52.

they are going to do that. That phrase, culture and practices has

:10:52.:10:57.

not been plucked out of the air. Remember the Leveson enquiry into

:10:57.:11:00.

culture and practices of the press, a process that is about to enter a

:11:00.:11:07.

crucial phase? This is the mother of Abigail Witchel is, who was

:11:07.:11:10.

paralysed after she was stabbed in the neck. What followed, her mother

:11:10.:11:16.

says, were months of press harassment, and despite complaint

:11:16.:11:20.

after complaint, one paper returned five years later. The Daily Mail put

:11:20.:11:27.

my daughter's house under surveillance for four weeks. There

:11:27.:11:32.

were three photojournalists who took it in turns to sit just about 100

:11:32.:11:38.

metres from her house. On occasions, they followed my daughter when she

:11:38.:11:43.

left the house. The culture and practices of the press the despair

:11:43.:11:48.

of the complaints system. Baroness Holland wants reform, but the Daily

:11:48.:11:51.

of the complaints system. Baroness Mail feels that Ed Miliband's anger

:11:51.:11:56.

over his father's reputation is being used for political purposes.

:11:56.:11:59.

over his father's reputation is The Labour Party has stepped over

:11:59.:12:02.

the line by turning on us over a whole week. We have addressed the

:12:02.:12:06.

problem, we gave Ed Miliband space in the paper to rebut the charges

:12:06.:12:12.

against him. He has chosen now to turn it into a political argument.

:12:12.:12:16.

He is using his family to turn it into a political argument against

:12:16.:12:21.

our paper. But how far can this week be allowed to frame the debate.

:12:21.:12:25.

George Jones was on the expert panel. It may be an upsetting

:12:25.:12:29.

headline for the Miliband family, but he feels a line needs to be

:12:29.:12:34.

drawn. In a free society, with a free press, you are, in my view,

:12:34.:12:38.

entitled to say things, even if people do not like them. Certainly,

:12:38.:12:43.

on the Leveson enquiry, we did not wish to become, or to be seen as

:12:43.:12:46.

arbiters of good taste, or bad taste. And next week, many expect a

:12:46.:12:53.

decision will be made on how best to regulate the press. And the faces in

:12:53.:12:57.

this row are supporting rival proposals. One, drawn up by the

:12:57.:13:01.

politicians, the other, by the press. FIFA a president Sepp Blatter

:13:01.:13:11.

has admitted that trying to hold the World Cup in Qatar's searing heat

:13:11.:13:16.

might have been a mistake. He said the governing world body might

:13:16.:13:19.

consult on whether the tournament to be moved to the window. It had been

:13:19.:13:23.

thought a final decision would be made today, but it has been

:13:23.:13:26.

postponed to next summer at the earliest, as David Bond reports.

:13:27.:13:31.

Ever since a fire they awarded cat the World Cup, Sepp Blatter has been

:13:31.:13:35.

under pressure to reverse the decision which shocked football. --

:13:35.:13:42.

either. Today after two days of talks, the executive committee

:13:42.:13:45.

agreed to consult the rest of the game on whether it should take the

:13:45.:13:48.

unprecedented step of moving the World Cup from summer to winter. The

:13:48.:13:53.

worry has always been the heat in Qatar, where temperatures in June

:13:54.:14:01.

regularly top 40 degrees. The FIFA president now admits he may have got

:14:01.:14:05.

it wrong. The mistake is to think we could play this competition easily

:14:05.:14:10.

in the summertime, and now we are in this consultation to decide whether

:14:10.:14:15.

we can or cannot play in summertime. So what are the options to find the

:14:15.:14:22.

seven weeks needed for the tournament? January and February

:14:22.:14:25.

have been mooted, but this would clash with the Winter Olympics and

:14:25.:14:29.

the Super Bowl in America. More likely is a switch to November and

:14:29.:14:34.

December. Either way, domestic competitions like the Premier League

:14:34.:14:37.

would have to start earlier and finish later. I think there would be

:14:37.:14:43.

no choice, it will have to move. I'm sure the Premier League and the

:14:43.:14:46.

people are already starting work on that and thinking about it. But it

:14:46.:14:51.

does look as if it is going to have to be changed. FIFA knows it cannot

:14:51.:14:56.

reverse its decision to award the 2022 World Cup to Qatar, but three

:14:56.:14:59.

years on officials here are still dealing with a mess which goes way

:14:59.:15:06.

beyond concerns over the heat. The whole bidding process which led to

:15:06.:15:12.

the selection is still under investigation by FIFA, and in recent

:15:12.:15:16.

weeks the country has faced allegations of appalling abuse

:15:16.:15:19.

against migrant labourers. Today FIFA said it would send a delegation

:15:19.:15:25.

to Qatar for talks on the issue. Today's moved by FIFA has brought

:15:25.:15:29.

Sepp Blatter a bit more time to sort out the 2022 World Cup, but whatever

:15:29.:15:35.

the doubts about Qatar, this whole process will lead many people to ask

:15:35.:15:40.

once again whether FIFA is fit to run the game.

:15:40.:15:46.

It has been one month since the beginning of the school year in

:15:46.:15:50.

England, and from today any children who have not returned from the

:15:50.:15:53.

summer holidays can have their names removed from the class register.

:15:53.:15:59.

They will effectively disappear. According to campaigners, many of

:15:59.:16:02.

those will be girls who have been forced into marriage. Last year

:16:02.:16:06.

nearly 1500 cases were dealt with by the Government's Forced Marriage

:16:06.:16:09.

Unit, ranging across 60 different countries, nearly two thirds of them

:16:09.:16:14.

involving countries in South Asia, mainly Pakistan. Today a leading

:16:14.:16:18.

charity called on the Government to collect figures of how many young

:16:18.:16:21.

people go missing in order to help rescue them. Social affairs

:16:21.:16:25.

correspondent Reeta Chakrabarti has this report.

:16:25.:16:27.

The faces of survivors of a startling betrayal by their parents,

:16:27.:16:31.

these women were forced into marriages they did not want. Most

:16:31.:16:33.

were just girls at the time. It marriages they did not want. Most

:16:33.:16:37.

meant an abrupt end to their education and the end of freedom

:16:37.:16:42.

abnormality. This summer, this teenager's education ended when her

:16:42.:16:46.

parents told her to marry, not an arranged marriage which is

:16:46.:16:50.

consensual, but a forced one. He was from India, twice her age, and she

:16:50.:16:54.

had never met him. She is now in hiding. It was about what I would

:16:54.:17:00.

get when I married, you can have a big wedding, it was kind of bribery

:17:00.:17:02.

a little. They do not care, it was big wedding, it was kind of bribery

:17:02.:17:07.

just kind of like you are an item to sell to see what they can get, like

:17:07.:17:10.

the land and gold and stuff like that. She managed to escape the life

:17:10.:17:16.

they had intended for her. Other young women have found themselves

:17:16.:17:21.

trapped. This woman thought she was going on holiday wants me back to

:17:21.:17:27.

Turkey, the country of her parents, but they abandoned her, forcing her

:17:27.:17:30.

into a marriage of physical and sexual abuse and mental cruelty. I

:17:30.:17:35.

remember his mum, my ex-mother-in-law, saying the only

:17:35.:17:39.

reason why I was in the house, the only reason why I married her son

:17:39.:17:41.

was to be a wife to him at night only reason why I married her son

:17:41.:17:48.

time and a slave and a servant for them during the day. There was no

:17:48.:17:53.

compassion, no love. It was just, you know, I was there just to do two

:17:53.:17:58.

things, and that was it. Although many of the victims of forced

:17:58.:18:01.

marriage are originally from South Asia, their families have been in

:18:01.:18:05.

the UK for several generations. Forced marriage is part of no-one's

:18:05.:18:10.

culture, so why is it still going on in? This campaign as is it still

:18:10.:18:13.

going on in? This campaign says the reasons are complex. It is about

:18:13.:18:18.

immigration, it is about money, it is about control, taking away

:18:18.:18:22.

people's freedoms, and that is one of the Kiwis and is why it is still

:18:22.:18:23.

here. People are harking back to a of the Kiwis and is why it is still

:18:23.:18:32.

past that is not part of their past. She tours schools talking to

:18:32.:18:36.

teenagers about the issue and has written to ministers calling for a

:18:36.:18:39.

national register of children missing after the summer holidays.

:18:39.:18:43.

The government says figures for absence are recorded, but only every

:18:43.:18:48.

term, but the charity said that was not enough. For the teenager we

:18:48.:18:53.

talked to, like is very lonely. Well, I feel quite upset, because it

:18:53.:18:59.

is having no family, well, having no parents, whereas other kids have

:18:59.:19:02.

their parents and have a normal life doing things at my age. She and

:19:02.:19:07.

these women were abruptly removed from their education and their

:19:08.:19:11.

lives. Next year, forced marriage becomes a crime, but campaigners

:19:11.:19:15.

will continue to push government to help stop more girls suddenly

:19:15.:19:21.

disappearing. On the fourth day of the government

:19:21.:19:24.

shutdown in Washington, Japan has warned that failure to resolve the

:19:24.:19:28.

crisis will have grim consequences for the global economy. Hundreds of

:19:28.:19:31.

government workers have been sent home after Republicans refused to

:19:31.:19:36.

pass a budget without changes to President Obama's health-care

:19:36.:19:39.

programme. Today the president cancelled a trip to Asia to deal

:19:39.:19:44.

with the crisis. The release of key economic data, including US jobless

:19:44.:19:47.

figures, was suspended. The dollar is close to an eight-month low as

:19:47.:19:52.

concern in the market deepens. North America editor Mark Mardell has been

:19:52.:19:56.

to Texas, where many people support the stand taken by their Republican

:19:56.:20:01.

representatives in Congress. 55 feet of not very animated cowboy

:20:01.:20:03.

representatives in Congress. looms over the state fair.

:20:04.:20:12.

Everything is bigger and bolder here. There is absolutely no sense

:20:12.:20:16.

of national crisis amongst the people munching their way around.

:20:16.:20:21.

Anything that can be deep-fried is coated in batter and consumed. It is

:20:21.:20:25.

pretty hard-core. The government shutdown is hardly regarded with

:20:25.:20:30.

horror. They should shut it down and keep it down, because I just think

:20:30.:20:32.

that we need to take a stand against keep it down, because I just think

:20:32.:20:36.

Obamacare, I do not like it. The government is getting too big, and

:20:36.:20:42.

these guys are just fighting against this Obamacare, the worst thing that

:20:42.:20:47.

ever happened to us as a country. Opinions in Texas can be rather

:20:47.:20:51.

fierce and in your face. Perhaps it is a legacy of the cowboy heritage

:20:51.:20:53.

fierce and in your face. Perhaps it marked in this magnificent artwork

:20:53.:20:57.

in the centre of Dallas. But you can you abuse like this all over the

:20:57.:21:01.

south and midwest. It is why many Republican politicians do not see a

:21:01.:21:05.

dilemma in adopting a strategy that others brand reckless, and it is not

:21:05.:21:08.

as though Texas was unaffected by the shutdown. It is not as busy as

:21:08.:21:14.

usual. The state has the largest number of federal workers after the

:21:14.:21:22.

DC area and California. Billy is a aviation safety expert, devastated

:21:22.:21:25.

to be sent home. It is quite frightening, not knowing if you have

:21:25.:21:30.

a job or when you will get to come back to work. We have not been told

:21:30.:21:33.

how long this will take. We need to get the government back to work and

:21:33.:21:40.

work out their differences. National parks like Hickory Creek are

:21:40.:21:44.

shutting down, perhaps a relief to some of the inhabitants, but not to

:21:44.:21:47.

the campers who have been given until sundown to leave. The

:21:47.:21:53.

president says no negotiating... Ron Livesey of full-time and does not

:21:53.:21:57.

have to get out, but she is not happy. The president needs to

:21:57.:22:02.

negotiate and roll up their sleeves and work like everybody else. I have

:22:02.:22:06.

never seen a president act like this, no, I am a little embarrassed

:22:06.:22:11.

for him. The George W Bush presidential library has shut down,

:22:11.:22:15.

too. These are the people the current Prime Minister -- President

:22:15.:22:23.

blames for it, Tea Party, which he describes as extremists. They are

:22:23.:22:26.

unapologetic. This shutdown is an indicator of where the people of

:22:26.:22:31.

America stand on this issue. Are the senators and congressmen frightened

:22:31.:22:35.

of your power? They should be, we are voters, we are organised, we

:22:35.:22:38.

communicate, and the public has spoken. In the Lone Star state, some

:22:38.:22:44.

delight that conservatives are making a stand, but in the end

:22:44.:22:49.

someone has to blink. If showdown turns to climb down, there will be a

:22:49.:22:54.

heavy price to pay. It was one of the defining images of

:22:54.:22:58.

the Kenyan shopping mall siege, a mother cowering behind a counter

:22:58.:23:01.

protecting her children as gunfire echoed around the shops and the

:23:01.:23:05.

police and army tried to rescue those still alive inside. Now Faith

:23:05.:23:11.

and her daughter have spoken for the first time about their ordeal to

:23:11.:23:15.

and her daughter have spoken for the East Africa correspondent Gabriel

:23:15.:23:15.

Gatehouse. I was scared. I was trying to sleep,

:23:15.:23:24.

but I could not sleep, and my mum hoped that we would be quiet, but

:23:24.:23:31.

then I stayed quiet. This nine-year-old founders of cowering

:23:31.:23:32.

on the floor next to her mother and nine-year-old founders of cowering

:23:32.:23:38.

little brother as the shopping mall came under siege. -- found herself.

:23:38.:23:44.

I could hear them walking, and I knew this was not just any regular

:23:44.:23:48.

person. They had a conversation, and they called out, my Mac, mamma. I

:23:48.:23:51.

did not know whether they were talking to me. I could hear this

:23:51.:23:57.

lady answering, and less than five seconds later, to shots, and she was

:23:58.:24:02.

quiet. After a while, I felt someone touching my hand, someone saying,

:24:03.:24:11.

are you OK? This is the point where I played dead. And then he came in

:24:11.:24:18.

front to me, and he touched me and said, baby, baby, and I raised my

:24:18.:24:27.

head up, and I asked if he was one of the bad guys. He says, no, baby,

:24:27.:24:32.

I am one of the police, I am not with the bad guys, and I am here to

:24:32.:24:37.

rescue you. After four and a half terrifying hours, the three escaped.

:24:37.:24:42.

They were physically unhurt, but two weeks on the psychological scars are

:24:42.:24:47.

there. We are scared, admittedly we looking over our shoulders, we are

:24:47.:24:53.

more cautious than before, we try to regain normal sea in our lives. For

:24:53.:24:56.

many families, the middle-class Kenyan idyll has been shattered.

:24:56.:25:05.

The Vietnamese general who turned a ragtag guerilla army with car tyres

:25:05.:25:09.

for shoes into a fighting force that defeated two of the most powerful

:25:09.:25:13.

armies in the world has died aged 102. General Giap was an inspired

:25:13.:25:19.

and ruthless self-taught soldier who drove the French out of Vietnam and

:25:19.:25:22.

then went on to defeat the Americans. The American Senator John

:25:22.:25:25.

McCain, who was captured and tortured by the Vietnamese,

:25:26.:25:30.

described Giap as a brilliant military strategist. Paul Adams

:25:30.:25:33.

reports. They called in the Red Napoleon, a

:25:33.:25:38.

brilliant, ruthless general with no formal military training who

:25:38.:25:40.

shattered the myth of imperial invincibility. The battle of Dien

:25:40.:25:47.

Bien Phu in 1954 against the French colonial army sealed his reputation

:25:47.:25:50.

as one of the great tacticians of the 20th century. It was an epic

:25:50.:25:55.

struggle, artillery pieces hold over mountains by hand, 100 miles of

:25:55.:26:01.

trenches Dirk, a news in extra be tightened around the French army

:26:01.:26:04.

before the final rout, a stunning victory still studied in military

:26:04.:26:07.

schools. Speaking about it later, the

:26:07.:26:16.

ebullient general spoke of the morale of his army, the support of

:26:16.:26:23.

the population. One decade later, both would be tested against a much

:26:23.:26:26.

more powerful enemy, the Americans. Again, General Giap's unconventional

:26:26.:26:33.

tactics were crucial. The Ho Chi Minh trail brought supplies along

:26:33.:26:38.

remote parts. In the dense jungles of Vietnam, the Americans faced an

:26:38.:26:41.

enemy that seemed both everywhere and somehow invisible. He was very

:26:41.:26:51.

much a man of the people, and I think that really earned him respect

:26:51.:26:58.

among Vietnamese, and certainly his military prowess earned him respect

:26:58.:27:04.

among the Western opponents that he faced. But his victories came at a

:27:04.:27:08.

price. By the time the Vietnam war ended in 1975, almost 3.5 million

:27:08.:27:18.

soldiers and civilians were dead. That is all

:27:18.:27:18.

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